Amerikaanse Onafhankelijkheidsoorlog Tijdlijn
Proloog
Postzegel wet
Theewet
Onduldbare daden
Slag om Québec
Gezond verstand
Slag bij Trenton
Voer Oorlog
Meigs Raid
Slag bij Paoli
Vallei smederij
Alliantieverdrag
Tryons inval
Slag bij Camden
Slag bij Mobiel
Slag bij Cowpens
Epiloog
bijlagen
karakters
voetnoten
referenties
Proloog
Boston, MA, USAPostzegel wet
Boston, MA, USAInkwartieringshandelingen
New YorkBloedbad in Boston
BostonCorrespondentiecommissies
New England, USATheewet
England, UKBoston-theekransje
Boston, MAOnduldbare daden
London, UKEerste Continentale Congres
Carpenter's Hall, PhiladelphiaSlagen van Lexington en Concord
Middlesex County, MassachusettBelegering van Boston
Boston, MA, USAVerovering van fort Ticonderoga
Ticonderoga, New YorkContinentaal leger gevormd
New EnglandSlag bij Bunker Hill
Charlestown, BostonInvasie van Quebec
Lake ChamplainWesters theater van de Amerikaanse Onafhankelijkheidsoorlog
Ohio River, USADunmores proclamatie
Virginia, USASlag bij de Grote Brug
Chesapeake, VA, USASlag om Québec
Québec, QC, CanadaGezond verstand
Philadelphia, PA, USASlag bij de rijstboten
Savannah, GA, USABritten evacueren Boston
Boston, MASlag bij de ceders
Les Cèdres, Quebec, CanadaSlag bij Trois-Rivières
Trois-Rivières, Québec, CanadaSlag bij Sullivan's Island
Sullivan's Island, South CarolCampagne in New York en New Jersey
New York, NY, USAOnafhankelijkheidsverklaring van de Verenigde Staten
Philadephia, PASlag bij Long Island
Brooklyn, NY, USASlag bij Harlem Heights
Morningside Heights, ManhattanSlag bij het eiland Valcour
Lake ChamplainSlag bij de Witte Vlakten
White Plains, New York, USASlag bij FortWashington
Washington Heights, Manhattan,Oversteken van de Delaware-rivier
Washington's CrossingDe oversteek van de Delaware-rivier door George Washington , die plaatsvond in de nacht van 25 op 26 december 1776, tijdens de Amerikaanse Onafhankelijkheidsoorlog, was de eerste zet in een verrassingsaanval georganiseerd door George Washington tegen Hessische troepen (Duitse hulptroepen in dienst van de Amerikaanse Onafhankelijkheidsoorlog). British) in Trenton, New Jersey, op de ochtend van 26 december. Washington, gepland in gedeeltelijke geheimhouding, leidde een colonne troepen van het Continentale leger over de ijskoude Delaware-rivier in een logistiek uitdagende en gevaarlijke operatie.
Slag bij Trenton
Trenton, NJVoer Oorlog
New Jersey, USASlag bij de Assunpink Creek
Trenton, New Jersey, USASlag bij Princeton
Princeton, New Jersey, USASlag bij Bound Brook
Bound Brook, New Jersey, U.S.Meigs Raid
Sag Harbor, NY, USAPhiladelphia-campagne
Philadelphia, PA, USABelegering van fort Ticonderoga
Fort Ticonderoga, Fort Ti RoadSlag bij Oriskany
Oriskany, New York, USASlag bij Bennington
Walloomsac, New York, USASlag bij Brandewijn
Chadds Ford, Pennsylvania, USASlagen van Saratoga
Stillwater, Saratogy CountySlag bij Paoli
Willistown Township, PA, USASlag bij Germantown
Germantown, Philadelphia, PennSlag bij Rode Bank
Fort Mercer, Hessian Avenue, NSlag bij White Marsh
Whitemarsh Township, MontgomerVallei smederij
Valley Forge, PAAlliantieverdrag
Paris, FranceSlag bij Barren Hill
Lafayette Hill, PA, USAMount Hope Bay-invallen
Fall River, Massachusetts, USASlag bij Monmouth
Freehold Township, NJIllinois campagne
Illinois, USASlag bij Rhode Island
Aquidneck Island, Rhode IslandBritten trekken naar het zuiden
Georgia, USAHet bloedbad in Cherry Valley
Cherry Valley, New York, USAVangst van Savannah
Savannah, GeorgiaSlag bij Kettle Creek
Washington, Georgia, USABelegering van fort Vincennes
Vincennes, Indiana, USASlag bij Brier Creek
Sylvania, Georgia, USAChesapeake-aanval
Chesapeake BaySpanje en de Amerikaanse Onafhankelijkheidsoorlog
Florida, USASullivan-expeditie
Upstate New York, NY, USASlag bij Stono Ferry
Rantowles, South Carolina, USATryons inval
New Haven, CT, USASlag bij Stony Point
Stony Point, New York, U.S.Penobscot-expeditie
Penobscot Bay, Maine, USAGulf Coast-campagne
Pensacola, FL, USAVerovering van Fort Bute
East Baton Rouge Parish, LA, USlag bij het meer van Pontchartrain
Lake Pontchartrain, Louisiana,Slag bij Baton Rouge
Baton Rouge, LA, USADe slag om Baton Rouge was een korte belegering tijdens de Engels-Spaanse oorlog die op 21 september 1779 werd beslist. Baton Rouge was de tweede Britse buitenpost die in Spaanse handen viel tijdens de mars van Bernardo de Gálvez naar Brits West-Florida.
Belegering van Savannah
Savannah, Georgia, United StatSlag bij Kaap St. Vincent
Cape St. Vincent, Sagres, PortSlag bij fort Charlotte
Mobile, Alabama, USABelegering van Charleston
Charleston, South CarolinaSlag bij Monck's Corner
Moncks Corner, South Carolina,Slag bij St.Louis
St. Louis, MO, USAHet bloedbad van Waxhaw
Buford, South Carolina, USASlag bij boerderijen in Connecticut
Union Township, New Jersey, USSlag bij Springfield
Union County, New Jersey, USASlag bij Hangende Rots
Lancaster County, South CaroliSlag bij Camden
Kershaw CountySlag bij Kings Mountain
South Carolina, USAYorktown-campagne
Yorktown, VA, USASlag bij Mobiel
Mobile, AL, USASlag bij Cowpens
Cherokee County, South CarolinBelegering van Pensacola
Pensacola, FL, USASlag bij Guilford Court House
Greensboro, North CarolinaBelegering van zesennegentig
Ninety Six, South Carolina, USDe nederlaag van Lochry
Aurora, Indiana, USASlag om de Chesapeake
Cape Charles, VA, USASlag bij Groton Heights
New London Road & ConnecticutSlag bij Eutaw Springs
Eutawville, South CarolinaBelegering van Yorktown
Yorktown, VASlag bij Johnstown
Johnstown, New York, USASlag bij de Saintes
DominicaSlag bij Blue Licks
Mount Olivet, Kentucky, USAUitzetting van de loyalisten
Québec, QC, CanadaVerdrag van Parijs
Paris, FranceEpiloog
New England, USAAppendices
APPENDIX 1
American Revolution (1765-1783)
APPENDIX 2
The Birth of the United States Navy
The Navy was rooted in the colonial seafaring tradition, which produced a large community of sailors, captains, and shipbuilders. In the early stages of the American Revolutionary War, Massachusetts had its own Massachusetts Naval Militia. The rationale for establishing a national navy was debated in the Second Continental Congress. Supporters argued that a navy would protect shipping, defend the coast, and make it easier to seek support from foreign countries. Detractors countered that challenging the British Royal Navy, then the world's preeminent naval power, was a foolish undertaking. Commander in Chief George Washington resolved the debate when he commissioned the ocean-going schooner USS Hannah to interdict British merchantmen and reported the captures to the Congress. On 13 October 1775, the Continental Congress authorized the purchase of two vessels to be armed for a cruise against British merchantmen; this resolution created the Continental Navy and is considered the first establishment of the U.S. Navy. The Continental Navy achieved mixed results; it was successful in a number of engagements and raided many British merchant vessels, but it lost twenty-four of its vessels and at one point was reduced to two in active service. In August 1785, after the Revolutionary War had drawn to a close, Congress had sold Alliance, the last ship remaining in the Continental Navy due to a lack of funds to maintain the ship or support a navy.
APPENDIX 3
How Mercantilism Started the American Revolution
APPENDIX 4
Culper Spy Ring
The Culper Ring was a network of spies active during the American Revolutionary War, organized by Major Benjamin Tallmadge and General George Washington in 1778 during the British occupation of New York City. The name "Culper" was suggested by George Washington and taken from Culpeper County, Virginia. The leaders of the spy ring were Abraham Woodhull and Robert Townsend, using the aliases of "Samuel Culper Sr." and "Samuel Culper Jr.", respectively; Tallmadge was referred to as "John Bolton".
While Tallmadge was the spies' direct contact, Washington often directed their operations. The ring was tasked to provide Washington information on British Army operations in New York City, the British headquarters. Its members operated mostly in New York City, Long Island, and Connecticut between late October 1778 and the British evacuation of New York in 1783.
The information supplied by the spy ring included details of a surprise attack on the newly arrived French forces under Lieutenant General Rochambeau at Newport, Rhode Island, before they had recovered from their arduous sea voyage, as well as a British plan to counterfeit American currency on the actual paper used for Continental dollars, which prompted the Continental Congress to retire the bills.
The ring also informed Washington that Tryon's raid of July 1779 was intended to divide his forces and allow Lieutenant General Sir Henry Clinton to attack them piecemeal. In 1780, the Culper Ring discovered a high-ranking American officer, subsequently identified as Benedict Arnold, was plotting with British Major John André to turn over the vitally important American fort at West Point, New York on the Hudson River and surrender its garrison to the British forces.
APPENDIX 5
Von Steuben's Continentals: The First American Army
APPENDIX 6
Riflemen, Snipers & Light Infantry - Continental 'Special Forces' of the American Revolution.
APPENDIX 7
African American Soldiers in the Continental Army
APPENDIX 8
Feeding Washington's Army | Read the Revolution with Ricardo A. Herrera
APPENDIX 9
American Revolution and the French Alliance
APPENDIX 10
France and Spain Join the Revolutionary War
Characters
Footnotes
- Calloway, Colin G. (2007). The Scratch of a Pen: 1763 and the Transformation of North America. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195331271, p. 4.
- Watson, J. Steven; Clark, Sir George (1960). The Reign of George III, 1760–1815. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0198217138, pp. 183–184.
- Greene, Jack P.; Pole, J.R. (2008) [2000]. A Companion to the American Revolution. Blackwell Publishers. ISBN 978-0470756447. Collection of essays focused on political and social history, pp. 155–156.
- Morgan, Edmund S.; Morgan, Helen M. (1963). The Stamp Act Crisis: Prologue to Revolution, pp. 96–97.
- Wood, S.G. The American Revolution: A History. Modern Library. 2002, p. 24.
- Testimony of Doctor Benjamin Franklin, before an August Assembly of the British House of Commons, relating to the Repeal of the Stamp-Act, &c., 1766.
- Jenyns, Soame (1765). The Objections to the Taxation of Our American Colonies by the Legislature of Great Britain, Briefly Considered. London, England: J. Wilkie.
- Daniel Dulany, Considerations on the Propriety of Imposing Taxes in the British Colonies, for the Purpose of Raising a Revenue, by Act of Parliament (1765)(reprinted in The American Revolution, Interpreting Primary Documents 47–51 (Carey 2004)).
- Draper, Theodore (1996). A Struggle For Power: The American Revolution. ISBN 0812925750, pp. 216–223.
- Gordon Wood, The American Revolution (New York: Random House, 2002).
- "Tea Act | Great Britain [1773]",Encyclopaedia Britannica.
- "Boston Massacre", Encyclopaedia Britannica.
- Albert Bushnell Hart (1897). Formation of the Union. p. 49. ISBN 9781406816990.
- Norton, Mary Beth; Blight, David W. (2001). A People and a Nation. Vol. 1 (6th ed.). Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 978-0-618-21469-3, pp. 144–145.
- Smith, George (January 17, 2012). The Boston tea party. The institute for humane studies and libertarianism.org.
- Sosin, Jack M. (June 12, 2022). "The Massachusetts Acts of 1774: Coercive or Preventive". Huntington Library Quarterly. 26 (3): 235–252. doi:10.2307/3816653. JSTOR 3816653.
- Mitchell, Stacy. The big box swindle.
- Sosin, Jack M. (12 June 2022). "The Massachusetts Acts of 1774: Coercive or Preventive". Huntington Library Quarterly. 26 (3): 235–252. doi:10.2307/3816653. JSTOR 3816653.
- James L. Nelson, With Fire and Sword: The Battle of Bunker Hill and the Beginning of the American Revolution (2011).
- Borneman, Walter R. American Spring: Lexington, Concord, and the Road to Revolution, p. 350, Little, Brown and Company, New York, Boston, London, 2014. ISBN 978-0-316-22102-3.
- Hubbard, Robert Ernest. Major General Israel Putnam: Hero of the American Revolution, pp. 85–87, McFarland & Company, Inc., Jefferson, North Carolina, 2017. ISBN 978-1-4766-6453-8.
- Withington, Robert (June 1949). "A French Comment on the Battle of Bunker Hill". The New England Quarterly. 22 (2): 235–240. doi:10.2307/362033. ISSN 0028-4866. JSTOR 362033.
- Hubbard, Robert Ernest. Major General Israel Putnam: Hero of the American Revolution, pp. 87–95, McFarland & Company, Inc., Jefferson, North Carolina, 2017. ISBN 978-1-4766-6453-8.
- Clinton, Henry (1954). Willcox, William B. (ed.). The American Rebellion: Sir Henry Clinton's Narrative of His Campaigns, 1775–1782. Yale University Press. OCLC 1305132, p. 19. General Clinton's remark is an echoing of Pyrrhus of Epirus's original sentiment after the Battle of Heraclea, "one more such victory and the cause is lost".
- McCullough, David (2005). 1776. Simon and Schuster Paperback. ISBN 0-7432-2672-0, p. 104.
- Frothingham Jr, Richard (1851). History of the Siege of Boston and of the Battles of Lexington, Concord, and Bunker Hill. Little and Brown, p. 308.
- Frothingham, p. 309.
- McCullough, p. 105.
- Maier, Pauline (1998). American scripture: making the Declaration of Independence. Vintage Books. ISBN 978-0679779087., pp. 33–34.
- McCullough 2005, pp. 119–122.
- "The Declaration House Through Time", National Park Services.
- Ferling 2007. Almost a Miracle. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0199758470, pp. 112, 118.
- Maier 1998, pp. 160–61.
- Fischer, David Hackett (2004). Washington's Crossing. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195170344, p. 29.
- Mays, Terry M. (2016). Historical Dictionary of the American Revolution. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-1538119723., p. 2.
- Mays 2019, p. 3.
- Greene, Jack P.; Pole, J.R. (2008) [2000]. A Companion to the American Revolution. Blackwell Publishers. ISBN 978-0470756447. Collection of essays focused on political and social history, p. 235.
- Ketchum, Richard (1999). The Winter Soldiers: The Battles for Trenton and Princeton. Holt Paperbacks; 1st Owl books ed edition. ISBN 0-8050-6098-7, p.111.
- Burrows, Edwin G. and Wallace, Mike (1999). Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-195-11634-8., p.243.
- Lengel, Edward (2005). General George Washington. New York: Random House Paperbacks. ISBN 0-8129-6950-2. General George Washington Lengel, p.165.
- The American Revolution: A Visual History. DK Smithsonian. p. 125.
- The Battle of Bennington: Soldiers & Civilians By Michael P. Gabriel.
- Harris, Michael (2014). Brandywine. El Dorado Hills, CA: Savas Beatie. p. x. ISBN 978-1-61121-162-7.
- Harris, Michael (2014). Brandywine: A Military History of the Battle that Lost Philadelphia but Saved America, September 11, 1777. El Dorado Hills, CA: Savas Beatiuùuù hie. p. 55. ISBN 978-1-61121-162-7.
- Morgan, Edmund (1956). The Birth of the Republic: 1763–1789. [Chicago] University of Chicago Press. pp. 82–83.
- Murray, Stuart A. P. (2006). Smithsonian Q & A: The American Revolution. New York: HarperCollins. ISBN 9780060891138. OCLC 67393037, p. 64.
- Graymont, Barbara (1972). The Iroquois in the American Revolution. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press. ISBN 0-8156-0083-6, p. 186.
- Mikaberidze, Alexander (June 25, 2013). "Atrocities, Massacres, and War Crimes: An Encyclopedia [2 volumes]: An Encyclopedia". ABC-CLIO. Though persuaded to remain, Brant exercised no authority over the raid (nor the regiment).
- Williams, Dave. "Kettle Creek Battlefield Wins National Park Service Designation". Georgia Public Broadcasting.
- Thomas E. Chavez (January 2004). Spain and the Independence of the United States: An Intrinsic Gift. UNM Press. p. 225. ISBN 978-0-8263-2794-9.
- Fernández y Fernández, Enrique (1985). Spain's Contribution to the independence of the United States. Embassy of Spain: United States of America, p. 4.
- Soodalter, Ron (July 8, 2011). "Massacre & Retribution: The 1779–80 Sullivan Expedition". World History Group.
- Koehler, Rhiannon (Fall 2018). "Hostile Nations: Quantifying the Destruction of the Sullivan-Clinton Genocide of 1779". American Indian Quarterly. 42 (4): 427–453. doi:10.5250/amerindiquar.42.4.0427. S2CID 165519714.
- Anderson, Fred (2004). George Washington Remembers: Reflections on the French and Indian War. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 138. ISBN 978-0-7425-3372-1.
- "A well-executed failure: the Sullivan campaign against the Iroquois, July–September, 1779". Choice Reviews Online. 35 (01): 35–0457-35-0457. September 1, 1997. doi:10.5860/choice.35-0457. ISSN 0009-4978.
- George P. Clark (1980). "The Role of the Haitian Volunteers at Savannah in 1779: An Attempt at an Objective View". Phylon. 41 (4): 356–366. doi:10.2307/274860. JSTOR 274860.
- Davis, Robert Scott (22 February 2021). "Black Haitian Soldiers at the Siege of Savannah". Journal of the American Revolution.
- Bass, Robert.D (August 1957). The Green Dragoon: The Lives of Banastre Tarleton and Mary Robinson. North Carolina Office of Archives and History. pp. 79–83. ISBN 0878441638.
- Fleming, Thomas (1973). The Forgotten Victory: The Battle for New Jersery – 1780. New York: Reader's Digest Press. ISBN 0-88349-003-X, p. 232.
- Fleming, p. 232, 302.
- "The American revolution revisited". The Economist. 29 June 2017.
- Babits, Lawrence E.; Howard, Joshua B. (2009). Long, Obstinate, and Bloody: The Battle of Guilford Courthouse. The University of North Carolina Press. p. 122.
- "Guilford Courthouse National Military Park". Museum Management Program. National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. 6 June 2002.
- Duffy, Michael (1992). Parameters of British Naval Power, 1650–1850. University of Exeter Press. ISBN 978-0-85989-385-5, p. 110.
- Tucker, Spencer C (2018). American Revolution: The Definitive Encyclopedia and Document Collection. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 9781851097449, p. 1323.
- O'Shaughnessy, Andrew (2013). The Men Who Lost America: British Command during the Revolutionary War and the Preservation of the Empire. Oneworld Publications. ISBN 9781780742465, p. 314.
- Allison & Ferreiro 2018, p. 220: This reversal had a significant effect on peace negotiations to end the American revolution which were already underway and would lead to an agreement by the end of the year.
- Paterson, Thomas; Clifford, J. Garry; Maddock, Shane J. (January 1, 2014). American foreign relations: A history, to 1920. Vol. 1. Cengage Learning. p. 20. ISBN 978-1305172104.
- Morris, Richard B. (1965). The Peacemakers: the Great Powers and American Independence. Harper and Row.
- "Treaties in Force A List of Treaties and Other International Agreements of the United States in Force on January 1, 2016" (PDF). United States Department of State. p. 477.
References
- Allison, David, and Larrie D. Ferreiro, eds. The American Revolution: A World War (Smithsonian, 2018) excerpt
- Bancroft, George (1854–1878). History of the United States of America, from the discovery of the American continent – eight volumes.
- Volumes committed to the American Revolution: Vol. 7; Vol. 8; Vol. 9; Vol. 10
- Bobrick, Benson. Angel in the Whirlwind: The Triumph of the American Revolution. Penguin, 1998 (paperback reprint)
- British Army (1916) [7 August 1781]. Proceedings of a Board of general officers of the British army at New York, 1781. New-York Historical Society. Collections. The John Watts de Peyster publication fund series, no. 49. New York Historical Society. The board of inquiry was convened by Sir Henry Clinton into Army accounts and expenditures
- Burgoyne, John (1780). A state of the expedition from Canada : as laid before the House of commons. London : Printed for J. Almon.
- Butterfield, Lyman H. (June 1950). "Psychological Warfare in 1776: The Jefferson-Franklin Plan to Cause Hessian Desertions". Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. American Philosophical Society. 94 (3): 233–241. JSTOR 3143556.
- Cate, Alan C. (2006). Founding Fighters: The Battlefield Leaders Who Made American Independence. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 0275987078.
- Caughey, John W. (1998). Bernardo de Gálvez in Louisiana 1776–1783. Gretna: Pelican Publishing Company. ISBN 978-1-56554-517-5.
- Chartrand, Rene. The French Army in the American War of Independence (1994). Short (48pp), very well illustrated descriptions.
- Christie, Ian R.; Labaree, Benjamin W. (1976). Empire or independence, 1760–1776. Phaidon Press. ISBN 978-0-7148-1614-2.
- Clarfield, Gerard (1992). United States Diplomatic History: From Revolution to Empire. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall. ISBN 9780130292322.
- Clode, Charles M. (1869). The military forces of the crown; their administration and government. Vol. 2. London, J. Murray.
- Commager, Henry Steele and Richard B. Morris, eds. The Spirit of 'Seventy-Six': The Story of the American Revolution as told by Participants. (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1958). online
- Conway, Stephen. The War of American Independence 1775–1783. Publisher: E. Arnold, 1995. ISBN 0340625201. 280 pp.
- Creigh, Alfred (1871). History of Washington County. B. Singerly. p. 49. ann hupp indian.
- Cook, Fred J. (1959). What Manner of Men. William Morrow and Co. 59-11702. Allan McLane, Chapter VIII, pp. 275–304
- Davies, Wallace Evan (July 1939). "Privateering around Long Island during the Revolution". New York History. Fenimore Art Museum. 20 (3): 283–294. JSTOR 23134696.
- Downes, Randolph C. (1940). Council Fires on the Upper Ohio: A Narrative of Indian Affairs in the Upper Ohio Valley until 1795. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press. ISBN 0-8229-5201-7.
- Duncan, Francis (1879). History of the Royal Regiment of Artillery. London: John Murray.
- Ferling, John E. (2002) [2000]. Setting the World Ablaze: Washington, Adams, Jefferson, and the American Revolution. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-513409-4.
- Fleming, Thomas (1970). The Perils of Peace. New York: The Dial Press. ISBN 978-0-06-113911-6.
- Foner, Eric, "Whose Revolution?: The history of the United States' founding from below" (review of Woody Holton, Liberty Is Sweet: The Hidden History of the American Revolution, Simon & Schuster, 2021, 800 pp.), The Nation, vol. 314, no. 8 (18–25 April 2022), pp. 32–37. Highlighted are the struggles and tragic fates of America's Indians and Black slaves. For example, "In 1779 [George] Washington dispatched a contingent of soldiers to upstate New York to burn Indian towns and crops and seize hostages 'of every age and sex.' The following year, while serving as governor of Virginia, [Thomas] Jefferson ordered troops under the command of George Rogers Clark to enter the Ohio Valley and bring about the expulsion or 'extermination' of local Indians." (pp. 34–35.)
- Fortescue, John (1902). A history of the British army. Vol. 3.
- Fredriksen, John C. (2006). Revolutionary War Almanac Almanacs of American wars Facts on File library of American history. Infobase Publishing. ISBN 978-0-8160-7468-6.
- Freedman, Russell (2008). Washington at Valley Forge. Holiday House. ISBN 978-0823420698.
- Fremont-Barnes, Gregory; Ryerson, Richard A, eds. (2006). Encyclopedia of the American Revolutionary War: A Political, Social, and Military History. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1851094080.
- Frey, Sylvia R (1982). The British Soldier in America: A Social History of Military Life in the Revolutionary Period. University of Texas Press. ISBN 978-0292780408.
- Gilbert, Alan (2012). Black Patriots and Loyalists: Fighting for Emancipation in the War for Independence. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0226101552.
- Grant, John N. (1973). "Black Immigrants into Nova Scotia, 1776–1815". The Journal of Negro History. 58 (3): 253–270. doi:10.2307/2716777. JSTOR 2716777. S2CID 150064269.
- Jensen, Merrill (2004). The Founding of a Nation: A History of the American Revolution 1763–1776. Hackett Publishing. ISBN 978-0-87220-705-9.
- Johnston, Henry Phelps (1881). The Yorktown Campaign and the Surrender of Cornwallis, 1781. New York: Harper & Bros. p. 34. OCLC 426009.
- Hagist, Don N. (Winter 2011). "Unpublished Writings of Roger Lamb, Soldier of the American War of Independence". Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research. Society for Army Historical Research. 89 (360): 280–290. JSTOR 44232931.
- Kaplan, Rodger (January 1990). "The Hidden War: British Intelligence Operations during the American Revolution". The William and Mary Quarterly. Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture. 47 (1): 115–138. doi:10.2307/2938043. JSTOR 2938043.
- Kepner, K. (February 1945). "A British View of the Siege of Charleston, 1776". The Journal of Southern History. Southern Historical Association. 11 (1): 93–103. doi:10.2307/2197961. JSTOR 2197961.
- Kilmeade, Brian.; Yaeger, Don (2013). George Washington's Secret Six: The Spy Ring That Saved the American Revolution. Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-6981-3765-3.
- Knight, Peter (2003). Conspiracy Theories in American History: An Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. pp. 184–85. ISBN 978-1-57607-812-9.
- Kohn, George C. (2006). Dictionary of Wars, 3d edition. Infobase Publishing. ISBN 9781438129167.
- Kwasny, Mark V. Washington's Partisan War, 1775–1783. Kent, Ohio: 1996. ISBN 0873385462. Militia warfare.
- Larabee, Leonard Woods (1959). Conservatism in Early American History. Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-0151547456. Great Seal Books
- Lemaître, Georges Édouard (2005). Beaumarchais. Kessinger Publishing. ISBN 9781417985364.
- Levy, Andrew (2007). The First Emancipator: Slavery, Religion, and the Quiet Revolution of Robert Carter. Random House Trade Paperbacks. p. 74. ISBN 978-0-375-76104-1.
- Library of Congress "Revolutionary War: Groping Toward Peace, 1781–1783". Library: Library of Congress. Library of Congress. Retrieved August 24, 2020.
- Lloyd, Earnest Marsh (1908). A review of the history of infantry. New York: Longmans, Green, and co.
- May, Robin. The British Army in North America 1775–1783 (1993). Short (48pp), very well illustrated descriptions.
- McGrath, Nick. "Battle of Guilford Courthouse". George Washington's Mount Vernon: Digital Encyclopedia. Mount Vernon Ladies' Association. Retrieved January 26, 2017.
- Middleton, Richard (July 2013). "The Clinton–Cornwallis Controversy and Responsibility for the British Surrender at Yorktown". History. Wiley Publishers. 98 (3): 370–389. doi:10.1111/1468-229X.12014. JSTOR 24429518.
- —— (2014). The War of American Independence, 1775–1783. London: Pearson. ISBN 978-0-5822-2942-6.
- Miller, Ken (2014). Dangerous Guests: Enemy Captives and Revolutionary Communities During the War for Independence. Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-0-8014-5494-3.
- Nash, Gary B.; Carter Smith (2007). Atlas Of American History. Infobase Publishing. p. 64. ISBN 978-1-4381-3013-2.
- National Institute of Health "Scurvy". National Institute of Health. November 14, 2016. Retrieved October 1, 2020. Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center
- Neimeyer, Charles Patrick. America Goes to War: A Social History of the Continental Army (1995) JSTOR j.ctt9qg7q2
- Nicolas, Paul Harris (1845). Historical record of the Royal Marine Forces, Volume 2. London: Thomas and William Boone. port praya suffren 1781.
- Ortiz, J.D. "General Bernardo Galvez in the American Revolution". Retrieved September 9, 2020.
- Perkins, James Breck (2009) [1911]. France in the American Revolution. Cornell University Library. ASIN B002HMBV52.
- Peters, Richard, ed. (1846). A Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation: U.S. Congressional Documents and Debates, 1774 – 1875: Treaty of Alliance with France 1778, "Article II". Library of Congress archives.
- Ramsay, David (1819). Universal History Americanised: Or, An Historical View of the World, from the Earliest Records to the Year 1808. Vol. 4. Philadelphia : M. Carey & Son.
- Reich, Jerome R. (1997). British friends of the American Revolution. M.E. Sharpe. p. 121. ISBN 978-0-7656-3143-5.
- Ridpath, John Clark (1915). The new complete history of the United States of America. Vol. 6. Cincinnati: Jones Brothers. OCLC 2140537.
- Royal Navy Museum "Ships Biscuits – Royal Navy hardtack". Royal Navy Museum. Archived from the original on October 31, 2009. Retrieved January 14, 2010.
- Sawyer, C.W. (1910). Firearms in American History. Boston: C.W. Sawyer. online at Hathi Trust
- Schiff, Stacy (2006). A Great Improvisation: Franklin, France, and the Birth of America. Macmillan. p. 5. ISBN 978-1-4299-0799-6.
- Scribner, Robert L. (1988). Revolutionary Virginia, the Road to Independence. University of Virginia Press. ISBN 978-0-8139-0748-2.
- Selig, Robert A. (1999). Rochambeau in Connecticut, Tracing His Journey: Historic and Architectural Survey. Connecticut Historical Commission.
- Smith, Merril D. (2015). The World of the American Revolution: A Daily Life Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. p. 374. ISBN 978-1-4408-3028-0.
- Southey, Robert (1831). The life of Lord Nelson. Henry Chapman Publishers. ISBN 9780665213304.
- Stoker, Donald, Kenneth J. Hagan, and Michael T. McMaster, eds. Strategy in the American War of Independence: a global approach (Routledge, 2009) excerpt.
- Symonds, Craig L. A Battlefield Atlas of the American Revolution (1989), newly drawn maps emphasizing the movement of military units
- Trew, Peter (2006). Rodney and the Breaking of the Line. Pen & Sword Military. ISBN 978-1-8441-5143-1.
- Trickey, Erick. "The Little-Remembered Ally Who Helped America Win the Revolution". Smithsonian Magazine January 13, 2017. Retrieved April 28, 2020.
- Turner, Frederick Jackson (1920). The frontier in American history. New York: H. Holt and company.
- Volo, M. James (2006). Blue Water Patriots: The American Revolution Afloat. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. ISBN 978-0-7425-6120-5.
- U.S. Army, "The Winning of Independence, 1777–1783" American Military History Volume I, 2005.
- U.S. National Park Service "Springfield Armory". Nps.gov. April 25, 2013. Retrieved May 8, 2013.
- Weir, William (2004). The Encyclopedia of African American Military History. Prometheus Books. ISBN 978-1-61592-831-6.
- Whaples, Robert (March 1995). "Where Is There Consensus Among American Economic Historians? The Results of a Survey on Forty Propositions". The Journal of Economic History. 55 (1): 144. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.482.4975. doi:10.1017/S0022050700040602. JSTOR 2123771. There is an overwhelming consensus that Americans' economic standard of living on the eve of the Revolution was among the highest in the world.
- Whaples, Robert (March 1995). "Where Is There Consensus Among American Economic Historians? The Results of a Survey on Forty Propositions". The Journal of Economic History. 55 (1): 144. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.482.4975. doi:10.1017/S0022050700040602. JSTOR 2123771. There is an overwhelming consensus that Americans' economic standard of living on the eve of the Revolution was among the highest in the world.
- Zeller-Frederick, Andrew A. (April 18, 2018). "The Hessians Who Escaped Washington's Trap at Trenton". Journal of the American Revolution. Bruce H. Franklin. Citing William M. Dwyer and Edward J. Lowell, The Hessians: And the Other German Auxiliaries in the Revolutionary War, 1970
- Zlatich, Marko; Copeland, Peter. General Washington's Army (1): 1775–78 (1994). Short (48pp), very well illustrated descriptions.