Suleiman Mai Girma

An haifi Suleiman a Trabzon a kudancin bakin tekun Black Sea zuwa Şehzade Selim (daga baya Selim I), mai yiwuwa a ranar 6 ga Nuwamba 1494, kodayake ba a san wannan kwanan wata da cikakkiyar tabbaci ko shaida ba.Mahaifiyarsa ita ce Hafsa Sultan, ta musulunta da ba a san asalinta ba, wadda ta rasu a shekara ta 1534.

Suleiman yana da shekaru bakwai ya fara karatun kimiyya, tarihi, adabi, tiyoloji da dabarun soja a makarantun fadar Topkapı da ke Konstantinoful.Sa’ad da yake matashi, ya yi abota da Pargalı Ibrahim, bawan ƙasar Girka wanda daga baya ya zama ɗaya daga cikin mashawarta da ya fi amincewa da shi (amma daga baya aka kashe shi bisa umarnin Suleiman).

Bayan mutuwar mahaifinsa, Selim I, Suleiman ya shiga Konstantinoful kuma ya hau kan karaga a matsayin Sarkin Musulmi na goma.Wakilin Venetian Bartolomeo Contarini ya bayar da bayanin farko game da Suleiman, 'yan makonni bayan hawansa.Sarkin yana da shekara ashirin da biyar [ainihin 26], dogo da siririya amma tauri, mai siririn fuska da kashi.Gashin fuska a bayyane yake, amma da kyar.Sultan ya fito cikin abokantaka da walwala.Jita-jita sun nuna cewa Suleiman yana da kyau sunansa, yana jin daɗin karatu, yana da ilimi kuma yana nuna kyakkyawar fahimta."

Bayan da Suleiman ya gaji mahaifinsa, ya soma yaƙi da sojoji da yawa, daga ƙarshe ya kai ga tawaye a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Ottoman da ya naɗa gwamnan Damascus a shekara ta 1521. Ba da daɗewa ba Suleiman ya yi shiri don cin Belgrade daga Masarautar Hungary —wani abu ne kakansa. Mehmed na biyu ya kasa cimma nasara saboda karfin tsaron da John Hunyadi ya yi a yankin.Kama shi yana da mahimmanci wajen kawar da Hungarians da Croats waɗanda, bayan cin nasarar Albaniyawa , Bosniak, Bulgarians , Byzantines da Sabiyawa, ya kasance babban ƙarfin da zai iya toshe ƙarin nasarorin Ottoman a Turai.Suleiman ya kewaye birnin Belgrade kuma ya fara tashin bama-bamai daga wani tsibiri na Danube.Belgrade, tare da sansanin maza 700 kawai, kuma ba ta samun taimako daga Hungary, ta fadi a cikin Agusta 1521.

Bayan ya dauki Belgrade, hanyar zuwa Hungary da Ostiriya a bude take, amma Suleiman ya karkata akalarsa a maimakon tsibirin Rhodes na Gabashin Mediterrenean, tushen gida na Asibitin Knights.Suleiman ya gina katafaren katafaren katafaren gini, Gidan Marmaris, wanda ya zama tushe ga sojojin ruwa na Daular Usmaniyya.Bayan Siege na watanni biyar na Rhodes (1522), Rhodes ya ba da izini kuma Suleiman ya bar Knights na Rhodes su tashi.Komawa tsibirin ya kashe Ottoman 50,000 zuwa 60,000 da suka mutu daga yaƙi da cututtuka (da'awar Kirista ta kai ga mutuwar 64,000 na yakin Ottoman da mutuwar cututtuka 50,000).

A karkashin jagorancin Suleiman, daular Usmaniyya ta shiga zamanin zinare na raya al'adunta.An gudanar da ɗaruruwan ƙungiyoyin fasaha na masarauta a wurin zama na Imperial, fadar Topkapı.Bayan koyan koyo, masu fasaha da masu sana'a za su iya ci gaba da matsayi a fagensu kuma an biya su madaidaicin albashi a cikin kashi-kwata na shekara.Rijistar biyan albashin da ya tsira ya shaida faɗin ikon Suleiman na fasaha, farkon takardun da aka rubuta daga 1526 ya lissafa ƙungiyoyi 40 tare da mambobi sama da 600.Ehl-i Hiref dai ya jawo hankalin masu sana'ar fasaha na daular zuwa fadar Sarkin Musulmi, daga kasashen musulmi da kuma yankunan da aka mamaye a baya-bayan nan a Turai, wanda ya haifar da cudanya da al'adun Larabci, Turkawa da Turawa.Masu sana'a da ke hidimar kotun sun haɗa da masu zane-zane, masu ɗaure littattafai, masu yin kwalliya, masu kayan ado da maƙeran zinariya.Ganin cewa al'adun Farisa sun rinjayi sarakunan da suka gabata (mahaifin Suleiman, Selim I, ya rubuta waƙa a cikin Farisa), kasancewar Suleiman mai kula da fasaha ya ga Daular Ottoman ta ba da nata gadon fasaha.Suleiman ya kuma yi suna wajen daukar nauyin ci gaban gine-ginen gine-gine da dama a cikin daularsa.Sarkin Musulmi ya nemi ya mayar da Konstantinoful zuwa tsakiyar wayewar Musulunci ta hanyar ayyuka da dama da suka hada da gadoji da masallatai da fadoji da cibiyoyin jin kai da zamantakewa daban-daban.Mafi girma daga cikinsu, babban masanin gine-ginen Sarkin Musulmi, Mimar Sinan ne ya gina shi, wanda a karkashinsa gine-ginen Ottoman ya kai matsayi na farko.Sinan ya zama alhakin gina fiye da ɗari uku abubuwan tarihi a cikin daular, ciki har da nasa na fasaha biyu, na Süleymaniye da Selimiye masallatai - na karshen gina a Adrianople (yanzu Edirne) a zamanin Suleiman dan Selim II.Suleiman ya kuma gyara Dome na Dutse da ke Kudus da Ganuwar Kudus (wadanda ke da bangon tsohon birnin Kudus a halin yanzu), ya gyara dakin Ka'aba da ke Makka, ya kuma gina katafaren gini a Damascus.

Yayin da dangantaka tsakanin Hungary da Daular Usmaniyya ta tabarbare, Suleiman ya ci gaba da yakin neman zabensa a tsakiyar Turai, kuma a ranar 29 ga Agustan 1526 ya yi nasara kan Louis II na Hungary (1506-1526) a yakin Mohács.Lokacin da ya gamu da gawar Sarki Louis, an ce Suleiman ya yi kuka:"Hakika na zo da makami a kansa, amma ba burina ba ne a yanke shi kafin ya ɗan ɗanɗana zaƙi na rayuwa da sarauta."Nasarar Ottoman ta kai ga rabuwar ƙasar Hungary tsawon ƙarni da dama tsakanin Daular Ottoman, daular Habsburg, da Masarautar Transylvania.Bugu da ari, mutuwar Louis II yayin da yake gudun hijira ya nuna ƙarshen daular Jagiellonian a Hungary da Bohemia, wanda da'awar daular ta wuce zuwa gidan Habsburg.

Wasu manyan 'yan kasar Hungary sun ba da shawarar cewa Ferdinand, wanda shi ne mai mulkin makwabciyar kasar Austriya kuma aka ɗaura shi da dangin Louis II ta hanyar aure, ya zama Sarkin Hungary, yana mai nuni da yarjejeniyar da ta gabata cewa Habsburgs za su ɗauki kursiyin Hungarian idan Louis ya mutu ba tare da magada ba.Duk da haka, wasu manyan mutane sun juya zuwa ga mai martaba John Zapolya, wanda Suleiman ke goyon bayansa.A ƙarƙashin Charles V da ɗan'uwansa Ferdinand I, Habsburgs sun sake mamaye Buda kuma suka mallaki Hungary.Zápolya ya ƙi ya daina iƙirarin da ya yi a kan karagar Hungary don haka ya roƙi Suleiman don karɓe shi don karɓar haraji.Suleiman ya karbi Zápolya a matsayin wazirinsa a watan Fabrairu kuma a watan Mayu 1529 Suleiman ya fara yakin neman zabensa. A ranar 26-27 ga Agusta Suleiman ya kewaye Buda kuma ya fara kewaye.An lalata bangon ta hanyar harbin bindiga da harbin bindiga na Ottoman tsakanin 5 zuwa 7 ga Satumba.Shirye-shiryen soji, hare-haren da ba a yanke ba, da kuma lalata ta jiki da ta hankali da makaman Ottoman suka haifar sun yi tasirin da ake so.Sojojin hayar Jamus sun mika wuya tare da mika katangar ga Daular Usmaniyya a ranar 8 ga Satumba.An nada John Zápolya a Buda a matsayin mataimakiyar Suleiman. Bayan cin nasarar Ferdinand an yi wa magoya bayansa alkawarin za su tsira daga garin, amma sojojin Ottoman sun yi musu yankan rago a wajen katangar birnin.

Sifen Vienna, a shekara ta 1529, shine yunkurin farko da daular Usmaniyya ta yi na kwace birnin Vienna na kasar Ostiriya.Suleiman mai girma Sarkin Daular Usmaniyya ya kai hari a birnin da sama da mutane 100,000, yayin da masu tsaron baya karkashin jagorancin Niklas Graf Salm ba su wuce 21,000 ba.Duk da haka, Vienna ta sami damar tsira daga kewayen, wanda a ƙarshe ya wuce sama da makonni biyu, daga 27 ga Satumba zuwa 15 ga Oktoba 1529.Sifen ya zo ne bayan yakin Mohács na 1526, wanda ya yi sanadin mutuwar Louis II, Sarkin Hungary , da saukowar masarautar cikin yakin basasa.Bayan mutuwar Louis, ƙungiyoyin hamayya a Hungary sun zaɓi magaji biyu: Archduke Ferdinand I na Austria, wanda House of Habsburg ke goyan bayan, da John Zápolya.A ƙarshe Zápolya zai nemi taimako daga, kuma ya zama ƙwararrun Daular Ottoman, bayan Ferdinand ya fara iko da yammacin Hungary, ciki har da birnin Buda.Harin da Ottoman ya kai a Vienna wani bangare ne na tsoma bakin daular cikin rikicin kasar Hungary, kuma cikin kankanin lokaci ya nemi tabbatar da matsayin Zápolya.Masana tarihi suna ba da fassarori masu cin karo da juna na dogon lokaci na manufofin Ottoman, ciki har da abubuwan da suka sa aka zabi Vienna a matsayin manufar yakin neman zabe.Wasu masana tarihi na zamani sun nuna cewa babban burin Suleiman shine tabbatar da ikon Ottoman a kan dukkan kasar Hungary, ciki har da yammacin (wanda aka sani da Royal Hungary) wanda a lokacin yana karkashin ikon Habsburg.Wasu malaman sun ba da shawarar Suleiman ya yi niyyar amfani da Hungary a matsayin wurin da za a ci gaba da mamaye Turai.Gazawar da aka yi wa kewayen Vienna ya zama farkon shekaru 150 na tashin hankali na soji tsakanin Habsburgs da Ottoman, wanda ya haifar da hare-hare na juna, kuma ya kai ga hari na biyu na Vienna a shekara ta 1683.

Suleiman yana son Hurrem Sultan, wata yarinya mai suna Ruthenia, wani yanki na Poland a lokacin.Jami'an diflomasiyya na yammacin duniya, suna lura da tsegumin fadar da ake yi mata, suna kiranta "Russelazie" ko "Roxelana", suna nufin asalinta na Ruthenian.'Yar wani firist na Orthodox, Tatars sun kama ta daga Crimea, sun sayar da ita a matsayin bawa a Konstantinoful, kuma daga bisani ta tashi a cikin jerin Harem ta zama wanda Suleiman ya fi so.Hurrem, tsohuwar ƙwarƙwara, ta zama matar Sarkin Musulmi, wanda ya ba da mamaki ga masu lura da al'amuran fadar da birnin.Ya kuma bar Hurrem Sultan ta ci gaba da zama tare da shi a kotu har tsawon rayuwarta, inda ya karya wata al'ada - cewa idan magadan sarki ya girma, za a aika da su tare da kuyangi na sarki wanda ya haifa su don gudanar da larduna masu nisa na Daular. ba za su dawo ba sai zuriyarsu ta yi nasara a kan karagar mulki.

Mahaifin Suleiman ya sanya yaƙi da Farisa fifiko.Da farko Suleiman ya karkata akalar turawa ya gamsu da kamun Farisa wacce makiyanta na gabas suka shagaltu da ita.Bayan da Sulaiman ya daidaita iyakokinsa na Turai, yanzu ya karkata akalarsa ga Farisa, sansanin bangaren Musulunci na Shi'a.Daular Safawiyya ta zama babbar makiya bayan sassa biyu.Yakin dai ya samo asali ne sakamakon rigingimun yanki da ke tsakanin daulolin biyu, musamman lokacin da Bey na Bitlis ya yanke shawarar sanya kansa karkashin kariyar Farisa.Har ila yau, Tahmasp ya sa aka kashe gwamnan Bagadaza, mai goyon bayan Suleiman.A bangaren diflomasiyya, Safavids sun tsunduma cikin tattaunawa da Habsburgs don kafa kawancen Habsburg da Farisa wanda zai kai hari kan Daular Usmaniyya ta bangarori biyu.

Ƙungiya ta Kőszeg ko kewaye da Güns a cikin Masarautar Hungary a cikin daular Habsburg, wanda ya faru a cikin 1532. A cikin kewayen, sojojin da ke kare masarautar Habsburg na Austriya a karkashin jagorancin Kyaftin Nikola Jurišić na Croatia, sun kare karamin sansanin kan iyaka. na Kőszeg tare da sojojin Croatia 700-800 kawai, ba tare da igwa da 'yan bindigogi ba.Masu tsaron sun hana sojojin daular Usmania sama da 100,000 gaba zuwa Vienna, karkashin jagorancin Sultan Suleiman Mai Girma da Pargalı Ibrahim Pasha.Yawancin malamai sun yarda cewa Kiristocin Kirista masu karewa sun yi nasara a kan mahara Ottoman.Suleiman, da yake jinkirin kusan makonni hudu, ya janye a lokacin damina na watan Agusta, kuma bai ci gaba da zuwa Vienna kamar yadda ya yi niyya ba, amma ya juya gida.Suleiman ya samu mallakarsa a kasar Hungary ta hanyar cin galaba a kan wasu sanduna da dama, amma bayan janyewar Ottoman, Sarkin Habsburg Ferdinand I ya sake mamaye wasu yankunan da aka lalata.Bayan haka, Suleiman da Ferdinand sun kulla yarjejeniya ta 1533 na Constantinople wanda ya tabbatar da hakkin John Zápolya a matsayin sarkin Hungary duka, amma sun gane cewa Ferdinand ya mallaki wasu yankunan da aka sake mamayewa.

Na farko, Shah Tahmasp ya kashe gwamnan Bagadaza mai biyayya ga Suleiman, kuma ya sanya nasa mutum a ciki. Na biyu, gwamnan Bitlis ya koma ya yi mubaya'a ga Safawiyawa .Sakamakon haka, a shekara ta 1533, Suleiman ya umarci Pargalı Ibrahim Pasha da ya jagoranci runduna zuwa gabashin Asia Minor inda ya sake kwace Bitlis ya mamaye Tabriz ba tare da turjiya ba.Suleiman ya shiga cikin Ibrahim a shekara ta 1534. Sun yi tururuwa zuwa Farisa , sai kawai suka sami Shah yana sadaukar da yankin maimakon fuskantar yakin da ake yi, inda suka yi ta cin zarafin sojojin daular Usmaniyya yayin da suke tafiya cikin tsaka mai wuya.A cikin 1535 Suleiman ya yi babbar shiga Baghdad.Ya inganta goyon bayansa na cikin gida ta hanyar maido da kabarin Abu Hanifa, wanda ya assasa mazhabar Hanafiyya ta shari'ar Musulunci wanda daular Usmaniyya suka yi riko da shi.

Ƙungiya ta Franco-Ottoman, wadda aka fi sani da Franco-Turkish Alliance, ƙawance ce da aka kafa a shekara ta 1536 tsakanin Sarkin Faransa Francis I da Sultan na Daular Usmaniyya Suleiman I. Ƙawancen dabarun da wani lokacin dabara na ɗaya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci. kawancen kasashen waje na Faransa, kuma ya yi tasiri musamman a lokacin yakin Italiya.Ƙungiyar soja ta Franco-Ottoman ta kai ga kololuwarta a shekara ta 1553 a lokacin mulkin Henry II na Faransa.Haɗin gwiwar ya kasance na musamman, a matsayin ƙawance na farko da ba na akida ba tsakanin Kirista da Musulmi, kuma ya haifar da abin kunya a duniyar Kiristanci.Carl Jacob Burckhardt (1947) ya kira shi "Ƙungiyar Sacrilegious na Lily da Crescent".Ya ci gaba da wanzuwa na tsawon fiye da ƙarni biyu da rabi, har zuwa yakin Napoleon a cikin Ottoman Masar , a 1798-1801.

Rikicin Ottoman da Fotigal (1538 zuwa 1559) jerin gwano ne na sojoji masu dauke da makamai tsakanin Daular Fotigal da Daular Usmaniyya tare da kawancen yanki a ciki da wajen Tekun Indiya, Gulf Persian , da Bahar Maliya.Wannan lokacin rikici ne a lokacin arangamar Ottoman-Portuguese.

Tun a shekara ta 1518 ne jiragen daular Ottoman ke tafiya a tekun Indiya. An san manyan sarakunan Ottoman irin su Hadim Suleiman Pasha, Seydi Ali Reis da Kurtoğlu Hızır Reis sun yi tattaki zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa na Masarautar Mughal na Thatta, Surat da Janjira.An san da kansa Sarkin Mughal Akbar mai girma ya yi musayar takardu shida da Suleiman Mai Girma.Ziyarar da Ottoman ya yi a cikin Tekun Indiya jerin ayyuka ne na Ottoman da ke cikin tekun Indiya a karni na 16.An yi balaguro guda huɗu a tsakanin shekara ta 1538 zuwa 1554, a lokacin mulkin Suleiman Mai Girma.Tare da iko mai ƙarfi na Bahar Maliya, Suleiman ya sami nasarar yin jayayya game da sarrafa hanyoyin kasuwanci zuwa Portuguese kuma ya kiyaye babban matakin kasuwanci tare da daular Mughal a cikin ƙarni na 16.

A cikin 1509, babban yakin Diu (1509) ya faru tsakanin Portuguese da rundunar hadin gwiwa na Sultan Gujarat,Mamluk Sultanate naMasar , Zamorin na Calicut tare da goyon bayan Daular Ottoman .Tun daga 1517, Ottomans sun yi ƙoƙari su haɗa sojoji da Gujarat don yakar Portuguese daga Bahar Maliya da kuma yankinIndiya .Selman Reis ne ya shigar da sojojin da ke goyon bayan Ottoman karkashin Kyaftin Hoca Sefer a Diu.Diu a Gujarat (yanzu jiha ce a yammacin Indiya), yana tare da Surat, ɗaya daga cikin manyan wuraren samar da kayan yaji zuwa Masar Ottoman a lokacin.Duk da haka, shiga tsakani na Portuguese ya dakile wannan ciniki ta hanyar sarrafa zirga-zirgar ababen hawa a cikin Bahar Maliya.A cikin 1530, ' yan Venetian ba su iya samun kayan yaji ta Masar ba.Yakin Diu ya faru ne a lokacin da sojojin masarautar Gujarat karkashin Khadjar Safar tare da taimakon dakarun daular Usmaniyya suka yi yunkurin kwace birnin Diu a shekara ta 1538, sannan Turawan Portugal suka rike.Portuguese din sun yi nasarar tsayayya da kewaye na watanni hudu.Rashin nasarar da sojojin Turkiyya da na Gujarati suka yi a Diu ya nuna babban koma baya a shirin Ottoman na fadada tasirinsu zuwa Tekun Indiya.Ba tare da tushe mai dacewa ko abokan tarayya ba, rashin nasara a Diu yana nufin Ottomans sun kasa ci gaba da yakin neman zabe a Indiya, suna barin Portuguese ba tare da hamayya ba a yammacin gabar Indiya.Turkawa Ottoman ba za su sake aika babban armada zuwa Indiya ba.

A cikin 1537, yana ba da umarni ga manyan jiragen ruwa na Ottoman, Hayreddin Barbarossa ya kama wasu tsibiran Aegean da Ionian na Jamhuriyar Venice , wato Syros, Aegina, Ios, Paros, Tinos, Karpathos, Kasos, da Naxos, don haka ya haɗa Duchy na Naxos. zuwa Daular Usmaniyya.Daga nan bai yi nasara ba ya kewaye sansanin Venetian na Corfu kuma ya lalata gabar tekun Calabrian da ke hannunSpain a kudancin Italiya.A cikin fuskantar wannan barazanar, Paparoma Paul III a cikin Fabrairu 1538 a cikin taron '' Holy League '', wanda ya ƙunshi jihohin Papal, Hapsburg Spain, Jamhuriyar Genoa , Jamhuriyar Venice, da Knights na Malta, don fuskantar Ottoman. jiragen ruwa a karkashin Barbarossa.Ottoman ya ci nasara a yakin Preveza kuma, tare da nasara na gaba a yakin Djerba a 1560, Ottomans sun yi nasara wajen tunkude kokarin Venice da Spain, manyan masu adawa da juna a Bahar Rum, don dakatar da yunkurinsu na sarrafa teku. .Sarautar Daular Usmaniyya a manyan fadace-fadacen jiragen ruwa a Tekun Bahar Rum ya kasance ba a kalubalanta ba har zuwa yakin Lepanto a shekara ta 1571. Yana daya daga cikin manyan fadace-fadacen teku guda uku da aka yi a karni na sha shida na Mediterranean, tare da yakin Djerba da yakin. da Lepanto.

Sifen Buda (4 ga Mayu - 21 ga Agusta 1541) ya ƙare tare da kame birnin Buda na Hungary da Daular Ottoman ta yi, wanda ya kai shekaru 150 na ikon Ottoman na Hungary.Sifen, wani ɓangare na Yaƙin Yaƙi a Hungary, yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan nasarorin Ottoman akan daular Habsburg a lokacin yaƙin Ottoman – Habsburg (ƙarni na 16 zuwa 18) a Hungary da ƙasashen Balkan.

Yaƙin Italiya na 1542-1546 rikici ne a ƙarshenYaƙin Italiya , wanda ya fafata tsakanin Francis I na Faransa da Suleiman I na Daular Usmaniyya da Sarkin Roma Mai Tsarki Charles V da Henry na VIII na Ingila .Yakin ya ga yakin da aka yi a Italiya, Faransa , da Ƙasashen Ƙasashe, da kuma yunkurin mamayeSpain da Ingila.Rikicin ya kasance ba cikakke ba kuma mai tsada ga manyan mahalarta taron.Yaƙin ya taso ne daga gazawar Truce na Nice, wanda ya kawo ƙarshen Yaƙin Italiya na 1536-1538, don warware rikicin da ya daɗe tsakanin Charles da Francis—musamman da'awarsu ta cin karo da Duchy na Milan.Da yake samun hujjar da ta dace, Francis ya sake shelanta yaƙi da maƙiyinsa na dindindin a shekara ta 1542. An fara gwabza yaƙi nan da nan a ko'ina cikin Ƙasashen Ƙasashe ;A shekara ta gaba an ga harin kawancen Franco-Ottoman a kan Nice, da kuma jerin gwano a arewacin Italiya wanda ya kai ga yakin Ceresole mai zubar da jini.Charles da Henry sun ci gaba da mamaye Faransa, amma tsayin daka na Boulogne-sur-Mer da Saint-Dozier ya hana wani mummunan hari ga Faransawa.Charles ya yi magana da Francis ta Yarjejeniyar Crépy a ƙarshen 1544, amma mutuwar ɗan ƙaramin Francis, Duke na Orléans - wanda ya ba da shawarar auren dangi na Sarkin sarakuna shine tushen yarjejeniyar - ya sa ta yi ƙasa da shekara bayan haka.Henry, ya bar shi kadai amma bai yarda ya dawo Boulogne zuwa Faransanci ba, ya ci gaba da yaki har zuwa 1546, lokacin da yarjejeniyar Ardres ta dawo da zaman lafiya tsakanin Faransa da Ingila.Mutuwar Francis da Henry a farkon 1547 sun bar ƙudurin Yaƙin Italiya ga waɗanda suka gaje su.

Ƙoƙarin kayar da Shah sau ɗaya, Suleiman ya fara yaƙin neman zaɓe na biyu a 1548-1549.Kamar yadda aka yi a yunƙurin da aka yi a baya, Tahmasp ya kaucewa arangama da sojojin Ottoman, maimakon haka ya zaɓi ya ja da baya, ta hanyar amfani da dabarun ƙasa mai ƙonawa a cikin wannan tsari da kuma fallasa sojojin daular Usmaniyya zuwa ga tsananin hunturu na Caucasus.Suleiman ya yi watsi da kamfen tare da nasarorin Ottoman na wucin gadi a Tabriz da yankin Urmia, kasancewar dindindin a lardin Van, iko da rabin yammacin Azerbaijan da wasu garu a Jojiya .

Hadim Suleiman Pasha ya rigaya ya kama Aden a 1538 ga Suleiman mai girma, don samar da sansanin Ottoman don kai hare-hare kan kayan Portuguese a yammacin gabar tekunIndiya .Da suke tafiya zuwa Indiya, daular Usmaniyya ta kasa cin nasara a kan Turawan Fotigal a Siege na Diu a watan Satumban 1538, amma sai suka koma Aden inda suka kakkafa birnin da manyan bindigogi 100.Daga wannan sansani Sulayman Pasha ya sami nasarar karbe iko da kasar Yemen baki daya, shi ma ya kwace birnin Sanaa.A cikin 1547, Aden ya tashi don yakar Daular Usmaniyya amma ya gayyaci Portuguese a maimakon haka, ta yadda Portuguese ke iko da birnin.Kame Aden na 1548 ya cika lokacin da Ottoman karkashin Piri Reis suka yi nasarar kwace tashar jiragen ruwa na Aden a Yemen daga Portuguese a ranar 26 ga Fabrairu 1548.

A watan Agustan 1551, Turkawa Ottoman karkashin kwamandan sojojin ruwa Turgut Reis, da 'yan fashin teku Barbary sun kewaye tare da cin nasara a kan Knights na Malta a cikin Red Castle na Tripoli, wanda ya kasance mallakin Knights na Malta tun 1530. Simintin ya ƙare a cikin shida. -rana bamabamai da mika wuya a birnin ranar 15 ga watan Agusta.A shekara ta 1553 Suleiman Suleiman ya nada Turgut Reis kwamandan birnin Tripoli, wanda hakan ya sanya birnin ya zama wata muhimmiyar cibiyar hare-haren 'yan fashin teku a tekun Bahar Rum da kuma babban birnin lardin Ottoman na Tripolitania.A shekara ta 1560, an aike da wata runduna mai karfi ta ruwa domin kwato birnin Tripoli, amma an ci karfin sojojin a yakin Djerba.Dakarun na Tripoli sun yi nasarar kaiwa Malta hari a baya a watan Yuli, wanda aka dakile, da kuma nasarar mamaye garin Gozo, inda aka kwashe kiristoci 5,000 da aka yi garkuwa da su, aka kuma kai su a kan manyan motoci zuwa wurin Tripoli.

Asarar garu na Kirista a Temesvár da Szolnok a shekara ta 1552 an zargi sojojin haya da ke cikin sahun Hungarian .A lokacin da Turkawa Ottoman suka karkata akalarsu zuwa garin Eger da ke arewacin kasar Hungary a cikin wannan shekarar, kadan ne suka yi tsammanin masu tsaron bayan za su yi tsayin daka sosai, musamman a matsayin manyan runduna biyu na sarakunan Daular Usmaniyya Ahmed da Ali, wadanda suka murkushe dukkan ‘yan adawa a baya. hade kafin Eger.Eger ya kasance muhimmin kagara kuma mabuɗin kare sauran ƙasar Hungary.Arewacin Eger ya kasance birni mai ƙarfi na Kassa (Košice na yanzu), tsakiyar wani muhimmin yanki na ma'adinai da ma'adinai masu alaƙa, wanda ya ba wa masarautar Hungariya yawan kuɗin azurfa da zinariya.Baya ga ba da damar kwace wannan hanyar samun kudaden shiga, faduwar Eger zai kuma baiwa Daular Ottoman damar tabbatar da wata hanya ta hanyar dabaru da sojoji don kara fadada sojojin zuwa yamma, mai yuwuwa baiwa Turkawa damar yin kawanya zuwa Vienna akai-akai.Kara Ahmed Pasha ya kai wa katangar Eger kawanya da ke arewacin Masarautar Hungary, amma masu tsaron bayan da István Dobó ke jagoranta sun dakile harin tare da kare fadar.Sifen ya zama alamar tsaron ƙasa da jarumtar kishin ƙasa a ƙasar Hungary.

Gabashin Romania a shekara ta 1550 ya kasance ƙarƙashin mulkin Habsburg, wanda ya haifar da harin da sojojin Ottoman suka kai wa Hungary .A cikin 1552 sojojin Ottoman guda biyu sun ketare iyaka zuwa Masarautar Hungarian.Daya daga cikinsu - karkashin jagorancin Hadim Ali Pasha - ya fara yaki da yammacin kasar da kuma tsakiyar kasar yayin da sojoji na biyu - karkashin jagorancin Kara Ahmed Pasha - suka kai hari a sansanonin yankin na Banat.Sifen ya haifar da gagarumin nasarar Ottoman kuma Temesvár ya kasance ƙarƙashin ikon Ottoman tsawon shekaru 164.

A cikin 1553 Suleiman ya fara yakinsa na uku kuma na karshe akan Shah.Bayan da farko ya rasa yankuna a Erzurum ga ɗan Shah, Suleiman ya ramawa ta hanyar kwato Erzurum, ya haye Kogin Yufiretis kuma ya lalatar da sassan Farisa .Sojojin Shah sun ci gaba da dabarun da suke bi na kauracewa daular Usmaniyya, wanda hakan ya haifar da takun-saka, wanda babu wani soja da ya samu wata gagarumar riba.A shekara ta 1555, an sanya hannu kan wani ƙauye mai suna Peace of Amasya, wanda ya bayyana iyakokin dauloli biyu.Ta wannan yarjejeniya, Armeniya da Jojiya sun rabu daidai tsakanin su biyun, tare da yammacin Armenia, yammacin Kurdistan, da yammacin Jojiya (ciki har da yammacin Samtskhe) sun fada hannun Ottoman yayin da Armeniya ta gabas, gabashin Kurdistan, da gabashin Jojiya (ciki har da gabashin Samtskhe). ya zauna a hannun Safad .Daular Ottoman ta sami yawancin Iraki , ciki har da Baghdad, wanda ya ba su damar shiga Tekun Fasha, yayin da Farisa suka riƙe tsohon babban birninsu Tabriz da duk sauran yankunansu na arewa maso yammacin Caucasus da kuma kamar yadda suke kafin yaƙe-yaƙe, kamar Dagestan da duk abin da yake yanzu Azerbaijan .

Ziyarar da Daular Usmaniyya zuwa Aceh ta fara ne daga kusan shekara ta 1565 lokacin da Daular Usmaniyya ta yi kokarin tallafawa Aceh Sultanate a yakin da take da Daular Fotigal a Malacca.Tafiyar ta biyo bayan wani manzo da Sarkin Acehnese Alauddin Riayat Syah al-Kahhar (1539-71) ya aika zuwa ga Suleiman Mai Girma a 1564, kuma mai yiwuwa a farkon 1562, yana neman goyon bayan Ottoman akan Portuguese.

Babban Siege na Malta ya faru ne a cikin 1565 lokacin da Daular Ottoman ta yi ƙoƙari ta mamaye tsibirin Malta, sannan mai kula da Asibitin Knights ya riƙe.Sifen ya dau kusan watanni hudu, daga 18 ga Mayu zuwa 11 ga Satumba, 1565.Asibitin Knights yana da hedikwata a Malta tun 1530, bayan da aka kore shi daga Rhodes, da kuma Ottomans, a 1522, bayan da aka kewaye Rhodes.Daular Usmaniyya ta fara yunkurin daukar Malta a shekara ta 1551 amma ta kasa.A cikin 1565, Suleiman Mai Girma, Sultan Ottoman, ya yi ƙoƙari na biyu don ɗaukar Malta.Knights, wadanda adadinsu ya kai kusan 500 tare da sojoji kusan 6,000, sun yi tsayin daka da kewaye kuma suka fatattaki maharan.Wannan nasara ta zama ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da aka fi sha'awa a Turai na ƙarni na goma sha shida, har Voltaire ya ce: "Babu wani abu da aka fi sani fiye da kewayen Malta."Babu shakka hakan ya taimaka wajen rugujewar fahimtar da Turawa suka yi na rashin nasara a Ottoman, duk da cewa an ci gaba da gwabza fada tsakanin tekun Mediterrenean tsakanin kawancen Kiristoci da Turkawa Musulmi tsawon shekaru.Wannan kawanya dai ita ce kololuwar wata fafatawar da ta kunno kai tsakanin kawancen kiristoci da daular Musulunci ta Daular Usmaniyya na mallakar tekun Bahar Rum, gasar da ta hada da harin da Turkiyya ta kai a Malta a shekara ta 1551, da kuma lalata daular Usmaniyya ta rundunar sojojin kawance ta Kiristoci a yakin Djerba. 1560, da kuma babban nasara Ottoman a yakin Lepanto a 1571.

A ranar 6 ga Satumba 1566, Suleiman, wanda ya tashi daga Constantinople don ba da umarnin balaguro zuwa Hungary, ya mutu kafin nasarar da Ottoman ya yi a Siege na Szigetvár a Hungary yana da shekaru 71 kuma Grand Vizier Sokollu Mehmed Pasha ya kiyaye mutuwarsa a asirce. ja da baya don sarautar Selim II.An mayar da gawar Sarkin Istanbul don binne shi, yayin da aka binne zuciyarsa, hanta, da kuma wasu gabobin a Turbék da ke wajen Szigetvár.An dauki wani kabari da aka gina a saman wurin binne shi a matsayin wuri mai tsarki da kuma wurin aikin hajji.A cikin shekaru goma an gina wani masallaci da kuma asibitin Sufanci kusa da shi, kuma wurin ya sami kariya daga sansanin albashi na mutane goma sha biyu.

Samuwar gadon Suleiman ya fara tun kafin rasuwarsa.A tsawon mulkinsa an ba da aikin adabi na yabon Suleiman da kuma gina siffarsa a matsayin shugaba mai nagarta, wanda Celalzade Mustafa, shugaban daular daga 1534 zuwa 1557 ya yi.Yakin Suleiman ya kawo ƙarƙashin ikon daular manyan biranen musulmi (kamar Bagadaza), yawancin lardunan Balkan (wanda suka kai Croatia da Hungary a yau), da galibin Arewacin Afirka.Fadada da ya yi zuwa Turai ya baiwa Turkawa Ottoman karfin iko a ma'aunin karfin Turawa.Lallai irin wannan ita ce barazanar daular Usmaniyya a karkashin mulkin Suleiman, wanda jakadan kasar Ostiriya Busbecq ya yi gargadi game da mamaye Turai da ke gabatowa: “A bangaren Turkawa akwai albarkatun daula mai girma, karfin da ba shi da rauni, al’adar cin nasara, juriyar wahala, juriya da wahala. , hadin kai, da'a, tawakkali da kuma lura ... Shin za mu iya shakkar abin da sakamakon zai kasance? ... Lokacin da Turkawa suka zauna tare da Farisa , za su tashi a makogwaro da karfin gabas gaba daya, yaya ba mu shirya ba. Ba zan iya cewa ba."Gadon Suleiman, ba wai a fagen soja ba ne kawai.Matafiyi dan kasar Faransa Jean de Thévenot ya ba da shaida a karni guda baya ga "karfin tushen noma na kasar, jin dadin manoma, yawan abinci mai gina jiki da kuma fifikon kungiya a gwamnatin Suleiman".Ta hanyar rarraba ikon kotuna, Suleiman ya kuma jagoranci bikin Zinare a cikin fasahar Ottoman, yana shaida gagarumar nasara a fagen gine-gine, adabi, fasaha, tiyoloji da falsafa.A yau sararin samaniyar Bosphorus da na garuruwa da dama na Turkiyya ta zamani da tsoffin lardunan Ottoman, har yanzu ana kawata da ayyukan gine-ginen Mimar Sinan.Daya daga cikin wadannan, Masallacin Suleymaniye, shi ne wurin hutawa na karshe na Suleiman: an binne shi a wani katon kabari da ke daura da masallacin.