Jamhuriyar Venice

Duk da cewa babu wani tarihin da ya tsira da ya yi magana kai tsaye game da kafuwar Venice, tarihin Jamhuriyar Venice bisa ga al'ada ya fara ne da kafuwar birnin a tsakar rana ranar Juma'a, 25 Maris 421 CE, ta hukumomi daga Padua, don kafa wurin kasuwanci a cikin wancan yanki na arewacin Italiya.An kuma ce kafuwar jamhuriyar Venetian an yi ta ne a daidai lokacin da aka kafa cocin St. James.Bisa ga al'adar, ainihin mutanen yankin sun ƙunshi 'yan gudun hijira - daga garuruwan Roma na kusa da su kamar Padua, Aquileia, Treviso, Altino, da Concordia (Concordia Sagittaria na zamani), da kuma daga yankunan da ba a kare ba - wadanda ke tserewa raƙuman ruwa. Hun da mamayewar Jamus daga tsakiyar na biyu zuwa tsakiyar ƙarni na biyar.Wannan yana kara samun goyan bayan takaddun akan abin da ake kira "iyalan manzanni", iyalai goma sha biyu na Venice waɗanda suka zaɓi doge na farko, waɗanda a mafi yawan lokuta suka samo asalin zuriyarsu ga dangin Romawa.

Shige da fice na ƙarshe kuma mafi ɗorewa zuwa arewacin tsibirin Italiya, na Lombards a 568, shine mafi ɓarna ga yankin arewa maso gabas, Venetia (Veneto na zamani da Friuli).Har ila yau, ta killace yankunan Italiya na Daular Roma ta Gabas zuwa wani yanki na tsakiyar Italiya da kuma bakin tekun Venetia, wanda aka sani da Exarchate na Ravenna.A wannan lokacin, Cassiodorus ya ambaci incolae lacunae ("mazauna tafkin"), kamun kifi da ayyukan gishiri da yadda suka ƙarfafa tsibiran tare da shinge.Tsohon yankin Opitergium ya fara farfadowa daga mamaya iri-iri lokacin da aka sake lalata shi, a wannan karon mai kyau, da Lombards da Grimoald ya jagoranta a shekara ta 667.Yayin da ikon daular Byzantine ya ragu a arewacin Italiya a ƙarshen karni na 7, al'ummomin tafkin sun taru don kare juna daga Lombards, a matsayin Duchy na Venetia.Duchy ya haɗa da sarakunan Aquileia da Grado, a cikin Friuli na zamani, ta Lagon Grado da Carole, gabas da na Venice.Ravenna da duchy an haɗa su ta hanyoyin teku ne kawai, kuma tare da keɓantaccen matsayi na duchy ya sami 'yancin kai.tribuni maiores sun kafa kwamitin gudanarwa na tsakiya na farko na tsibiran a cikin tafkin - bisa ga al'ada har zuwa c.568.

Jamhuriyar Venice ta kasance mai himma wajen samarwa da ciniki na gishiri, kayan gishiri, da sauran kayayyaki ta hanyar kasuwanci ta hanyar cinikin gishiri.Venice ta samar da nata gishiri a Chioggia a karni na bakwai don kasuwanci, amma daga bisani ta ci gaba da saye da kafa samar da gishiri a cikin Gabashin Bahar Rum.'Yan kasuwa na Venetian sun sayi gishiri kuma sun sami samar da gishiri dagaMasar , Aljeriya, yankin Crimean, Sardinia, Ibiza, Crete, da Cyprus.Kafa waɗannan hanyoyin kasuwanci kuma yana ba wa 'yan kasuwan Venetian damar ɗaukar wasu kayayyaki masu mahimmanci, kamar kayan yaji na Indiya, daga waɗannan tashoshin jiragen ruwa don kasuwanci.Daga nan sai suka sayar ko ba da gishiri da sauran kayayyaki ga biranen Po Valley - Piacenza, Parma, Reggio, Bologna, da sauransu - a musayar salami, prosciutto, cuku, alkama mai laushi, da sauran kayayyaki.

A farkon karni na 8, mutanen tafkin sun zabi shugabansu na farko Orso Ipato (Ursus), wanda Byzantium ya tabbatar da lakabin hypatus da dux.A tarihi, Orso shine Doge na farko na Venice (na uku bisa ga jerin almara wanda ya fara a 697), bayan da Sarkin Byzantine ya karbi lakabin "Ipato" ko Consul.An ba shi lakabin "dux" (wanda ya zama "doge" a cikin yare na gida).

An yi nasarar Pro-Lombard Monegario a cikin 764, ta hanyar Eraclean na Byzantine , Maurizio Galbaio.Tsawon mulkin Galbaio (764-787) ya ba Venice gaba zuwa wani wuri mai suna ba kawai na yanki ba amma na duniya kuma ya ga ƙoƙarin da ya fi dacewa don kafa daular.Maurizio ya lura da fadada Venetia zuwa tsibiran Rialto.Ɗansa Giovanni wanda ya daɗe yana sarauta ya gaje shi.Giovanni ya yi karo da Charlemagne kan cinikin bayi kuma ya shiga rikici da cocin Venetian.

Pax Nicephori, Latin don "Peace of Nicephorus", kalma ce da ake amfani da ita don komawa ga yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya ta 803, da aka kulla tsakanin sarakuna Charlemagne, na daular Frankish , da Nikephoros I, na daular Byzantine, da sakamakon Tattaunawar da aka yi tsakanin jam'iyyu guda, amma sarakunan da suka gaje su suka kammala, tsakanin 811 zuwa 814. Dukkanin shawarwarin na shekarun 802-815 kuma an kira su da wannan suna.Bisa ga sharuɗɗansa, bayan shekaru da yawa na musayar diflomasiyya, wakilan sarkin Byzantine sun amince da ikon da ke yammacin Charlemagne, kuma Gabas da Yamma sun yi shawarwari kan iyakokinsu a cikin Tekun Adriatic.Imani na kowa cewa tattaunawar da aka yi tsakanin Byzantium da Franks da aka gudanar a farkon karni na tara ya sanya Venice ta zama 'siyasa mai zaman kanta' kawai ta dogara ne akan marigayi, shaida da son zuciya na masu tarihin Venetian kamar John Deacon da Andrea Dandolo kuma ya rage. saboda haka abin tambaya sosai.

Buri na daɗaɗɗen ya ruguje lokacin da ƙungiyar masu goyon bayan Faransa ta sami damar kwace mulki a ƙarƙashin Obelerio degli Antoneri a 804. Obelerio ya kawo Venice cikin kewayar daular Carolingian .Duk da haka, ta hanyar kiran dan Charlemagne, Pepin, rex Langobardorum, don kare shi, Obelerio ya tayar da fushin jama'a a kan kansa da iyalinsa kuma an tilasta su gudu a lokacin da Pepin ya kewaye Venice.Sifen ya tabbatar da gazawar Carolingian mai tsada.Ya ɗauki tsawon watanni shida, tare da sojojin Pepin sun lalata su saboda cututtuka na fadama na gida kuma daga bisani aka tilasta musu janyewa.Bayan 'yan watanni Pepin da kansa ya mutu, da alama sakamakon wata cuta da ya kamu da ita a can.

An sace kayan tarihi na Saint Mark mai bishara daga Alexandria aMasar kuma aka kai su Venice.San Marco zai zama tsarkakan majiɓincin birni da kuma abubuwan da aka kiyaye a cikin Basilica na St Mark's.Bisa ga al'ada, Giustiniano Participazio, Doge na tara na Venice,ya umurci ‘yan kasuwa, Buono di Malamocco da Rustico di Torcello, da su lalata sufaye Alexandrine wadanda suke gadin jikin mai bishara kuma su sace shi a asirce zuwa Venice.Boye gawar a tsakanin wasu naman alade, jirgin Venetian ya zame ta cikin kwastan kuma ya tashi zuwa Venice a ranar 31 ga Janairu 828 tare da gawar Saint Mark.Giustiniano ya yanke shawarar gina ɗakin sujada na ducal sadaukarwa ga Saint Mark don ajiye gawarsa: Basilica na farko San Marco a Venice.

Pactum Lotharii wata yarjejeniya ce da aka sanya hannu a ranar 23 ga Fabrairu 840, tsakanin Jamhuriyar Venice da daular Carolingian , a lokacin gwamnatocin Pietro Tradonico da Lothair I. Wannan takarda ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin ayyukan farko da aka yi don ba da shaida ga rabuwa tsakanin sabuwar Jamhuriya. Venice da Daular Byzantine : a karon farko Doge, a kan kansa, ya yi yarjejeniya da yammacin duniya.Yarjejeniyar ta ƙunshi alƙawarin da 'yan Venetian suka yi na taimakawa daular a yaƙin da take yi da ƙabilun Slavic.A sakamakon haka, ta ba da tabbacin tsaka-tsakin Venice da kuma tsaronta daga babban yankin.Duk da haka, yarjejeniyar ba ta kawo karshen ganimar Slavs ba tun daga shekara ta 846, Slavs har yanzu an rubuta sunayen garuruwa masu ban tsoro kamar sansanin Carolea.A cikin yarjejeniyar Lotharii, Venice ta yi alƙawarin ba za ta sayi bayi Kiristoci a daular ba, kuma ba za ta sayar da bayi Kirista ga Musulmai ba.Daga baya Venetian sun fara sayar da Slavs da sauran bayi na Gabashin Turai waɗanda ba Kiristoci ba a cikin adadi mai yawa.Ayarin bayi sun yi tafiya daga Gabashin Turai, ta hanyar tsaunuka a Ostiriya, don isa Venice.Rubuce-rubucen da suka tsira suna daraja bayi mata a tremissa (kimanin gram 1.5 na zinariya ko kusan 1⁄3 na dinari) da bayi maza, waɗanda suka fi yawa, a saiga (wanda ya fi ƙasa da ƙasa).Eunuchs sun kasance masu mahimmanci musamman, kuma "gidaje na kati" sun tashi a Venice, da kuma wasu fitattun kasuwannin bayi, don biyan wannan bukata.

A cikin 'yan ƙarni na gaba, Venice ta ci gaba a matsayin cibiyar kasuwanci, tana farin cikin yin kasuwanci tare da duniyar Islama da kuma daular Byzantine , wanda suka kasance kusa da shi.Tabbas, a cikin 992, Venice ta sami haƙƙin ciniki na musamman tare da daular don sake karɓar ikon mallakar Byzantine.

A ranar hawan Yesu zuwa sama a shekara 1000 wani jirgin ruwa mai karfi ya tashi daga Venice don magance matsalar 'yan fashin Narentine.Rundunar ta ziyarci dukkan manyan biranen Istrian da Dalmatiya, wadanda 'yan kasar, wadanda suka gaji da yaƙe-yaƙe tsakanin Sarkin Croatian Svetislav da ɗan'uwansa Cresimir, suka yi rantsuwa da Venice.Babban tashar jiragen ruwa na Narentine (Lagosta, Lissa da Curzola) sun yi ƙoƙarin yin tsayayya, amma an ci su kuma an lalata su.An murkushe 'yan fashin na Narentine na dindindin kuma sun bace.Dalmatia bisa ƙa'ida ya kasance ƙarƙashin mulkin Byzantine , amma Orseolo ya zama "Dux Dalmatie" (Duke na Dalmatia"), wanda ya kafa shahararren Venice a kan Tekun Adriatic. An kafa bikin "Aure na Teku" a wannan lokacin. Orseolo ya mutu a 1008.

A cikin Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiya, Venice ta zama mai arziƙin gaske ta hanyar sarrafa kasuwancinta tsakanin Turai da Levant, kuma ta fara faɗaɗa cikin Tekun Adriatic da bayanta.A cikin 1084, Domenico Selvo da kansa ya jagoranci rundunar jiragen ruwa a kan Normans , amma ya ci nasara kuma ya rasa manyan jiragen ruwa guda tara, manyan jiragen ruwa mafi girma da makamai a cikin rundunar sojojin Venetian.Venice ta shiga cikin yakin Salibiyya kusan tun daga farko.Jiragen ruwan Venetia dari biyu sun taimaka wajen kame garuruwan da ke gabar tekun Siriya bayan yakin Salibiyya na farko .A cikin 1110, Ordelafo Faliero da kansa ya umurci rundunar Venetian ta jiragen ruwa 100 don su taimaki Baldwin I na Urushalima da Sigurd I Magnusson, Sarkin Norway a ƙwace birnin Sidon (a cikin Lebanon a yau).

Pactum Warmundi yarjejeniya ce ta ƙawance da aka kafa a shekara ta 1123 tsakanin Masarautar Crusader na Urushalima da Jamhuriyar Venice.Yarjejeniyar ta bai wa Venetian cocinsu, titi, murabba'i, wanka, kasuwa, sikeli, niƙa, da tanda a kowane birni da Sarkin Urushalima yake iko da shi, sai dai a Urushalima ita kanta, inda 'yancin cin gashin kansu ya fi ƙanƙanta.A cikin sauran garuruwan, an ba su izinin yin amfani da ma'aunin Venetian nasu don gudanar da kasuwanci da kasuwanci yayin ciniki da sauran ƴan ƙasar Venetian, amma in ba haka ba za su yi amfani da ma'auni da farashin da Sarki ya kafa.A Acre, an ba su kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na birni, inda kowane ɗan Venetian "zai iya zama 'yanci kamar Venice kanta."A cikin Taya da Ascalon (ko da yake ba a kama su ba tukuna), an ba su kashi ɗaya bisa uku na birnin da kuma kashi ɗaya bisa uku na ƙauyuka da ke kewaye, wataƙila ƙauyuka 21 na Taya.Wadannan gata sun kasance ba tare da biyan haraji ba, amma jiragen ruwa na Venetian za a biya su haraji idan suna dauke da mahajjata, kuma a wannan yanayin Sarki zai sami damar samun kashi ɗaya bisa uku na haraji.Domin taimakon da suka yi a kewayen Taya, 'yan Venetian suna da haƙƙin samun "Saracen besant" 300 a kowace shekara daga kudaden shiga na birnin.An ba su izinin yin amfani da nasu dokokin a cikin kararrakin farar hula tsakanin Venetian ko kuma a cikin shari'ar da dan Venetian ya kasance wanda ake tuhuma, amma idan dan Venetian ne mai gabatar da kara za a yanke hukunci a kotunan Masarautar.Idan jirgin Venetian ya mutu ko ya mutu a cikin mulkin, za a mayar da dukiyarsa zuwa Venice maimakon Sarki ya kwace shi.Duk wanda ke zaune a cikin kwata na Venetian a Acre ko gundumomin Venetian a wasu biranen zai kasance ƙarƙashin dokar Venetian.

A cewar almara, kowane bikin bikin da suke bautawa Liliana Patyono Bukin Carnival na Venice ya fara ne bayan nasarar da sojojin Jamhuriyar Venetia suka yi a kan uban Aquileia, Ulrico di Treven a shekara ta 1162. Don girmama wannan nasara, mutane sun fara rawa da taruwa. in San Marco Square.A bayyane yake, wannan bikin ya fara ne a wannan lokacin kuma ya zama hukuma a lokacin Renaissance.A cikin karni na goma sha bakwai, bikin Baroque ya kiyaye martabar Venice a duniya.Ya shahara sosai a cikin karni na sha takwas.Ya ƙarfafa lasisi da jin daɗi, amma kuma an yi amfani da shi don kare Venetian daga baƙin ciki na yanzu da na gaba.Duk da haka, a ƙarƙashin mulkin Sarkin Roma Mai Tsarki kuma daga baya Sarkin Ostiriya, Francis II, an haramta bikin gaba ɗaya a shekara ta 1797 kuma an haramta amfani da abin rufe fuska.Ya sake bayyana a hankali a cikin karni na goma sha tara, amma na ɗan gajeren lokaci kuma sama da duka don liyafa masu zaman kansu, inda ya zama lokaci don ƙirƙirar fasaha.

Babban Majalisa ko Babban Majalisa wata ƙungiya ce ta siyasa ta Jamhuriyar Venice tsakanin 1172 zuwa 1797. Ita ce babbar majalisar siyasa, mai alhakin zabar yawancin sauran ofisoshin siyasa da manyan majalisun da ke gudanar da Jamhuriyar, zartar da dokoki, da kuma yin amfani da su. kula da shari'a.Bayan kullewa (Serrata) na 1297, an kafa membobinta akan haƙƙin gado, keɓanta ga dangin patrician da suka yi rajista a cikin Littafin Zinare na Sarakunan Venetian.Babbar Majalisar ta kasance na musamman a lokacin wajen yin amfani da irin caca don zabar masu neman zaɓen ƴan takara, waɗanda daga baya aka zaɓe su.

Kisan kisa na Latins wani babban kisan gilla ne na Roman Katolika (wanda ake kira "Latin") mazauna Constantinople, babban birnin Daular Roman ta Gabas, ta mutanen Gabashin Orthodox na birnin a cikin Afrilu 1182.Rikicin 'yan kasuwa na Italiya ya haifar da tashin hankali na tattalin arziki da zamantakewa a cikin Byzantium: ya hanzarta raguwar 'yan kasuwa masu zaman kansu don neman manyan masu fitar da kaya, wadanda suka kasance masu alaƙa da mulkin mallaka na ƙasa, waɗanda suka ƙara tara manyan gidaje.Tare da fahimtar girman kai na Italiyanci, ya haifar da rashin jin daɗi a tsakanin masu matsakaici da ƙananan mutane a cikin karkara da kuma a cikin birane.’Yan Roman Katolika na Konstantinoful a lokacin sun mamaye kasuwancin teku da na kuɗi na birnin.Ko da yake ba a sami takamaiman lambobi ba, yawancin al'ummar Latin, wanda Eusathius na Tasalonika ya ƙiyasta ya kai 60,000 a lokacin, an shafe su ko kuma aka tilasta musu gudu.Al’ummar Genoese da Pisan sun lalace musamman, kuma an sayar da wasu mutane 4,000 da suka tsira a matsayin bayi gaSarkin Musulmi (Turkiyya) na Rum .Kisan gillar ya kara dagula dangantaka da kuma kara kiyayya tsakanin majami'un Kirista na Yamma da Gabashin kasar, sannan kuma ya biyo bayan takun saka tsakanin bangarorin biyu.

Shugabannin Crusade na Hudu (1202-04) sun yi kwangila tare da Venice don samar da jiragen ruwa don sufuri zuwa Levant.Lokacin da 'yan Salibiyya suka kasa biyan kuɗin jiragen, Doge Enrico Dandolo ya ba da sufuri idan 'yan Salibiyya za su kama Zara, wani birni da ya yi tawaye shekaru da suka wuce kuma ya kasance kishiya ga Venice.Lokacin da aka kama Zara, an sake karkatar da yakin, wannan lokacin zuwa Constantinople.An bayyana kama da korar Konstantinoful a matsayin daya daga cikin buhunan da suka fi samun riba da wulakanci a tarihi.Mutanen Venetian sun yi iƙirarin da yawa na ganimar, ciki har da shahararrun dawakan tagulla guda huɗu waɗanda aka dawo da su don ƙawata St Mark's Basilica.Bugu da ƙari, a cikin rabo na gaba na ƙasashen Byzantine, Venice ta sami yanki mai yawa a cikin Tekun Aegean, a ka'idar ya kai kashi uku cikin takwas na Daular Byzantine .Har ila yau, ta sami tsibiran Crete (Candia) da Euboea (Negroponte);Babban birnin Chania na Crete na yanzu shine gine-ginen Venetian, wanda aka gina a saman kango na tsohon birnin Cydonia.

A cikin 1221, Venice ta kirkiro yarjejeniyar kasuwanci tare da Mongol Empire , babban ikon Asiya na lokacin.Daga Gabas, an kawo kayayyaki irin su alharini, auduga, kayan kamshi, da gashin fuka-fukai don musanyawa da kayayyakin Turawa, kamar hatsi, gishiri, da anu.An kawo dukkan kayayyakin gabas ta tashar jiragen ruwa na Venice, wanda ya sa Venice ta zama birni mai wadata da wadata.

An gwabza yakin Curzola tsakanin Jamhuriyar Venice da Jamhuriyar Genoa saboda karuwar alaka tsakanin jamhuriyar Italiya biyu.Bukatar daukar mataki ne ya haifar da shi bayan faduwar Acre, Genoa da Venice dukkansu suna neman hanyoyin kara karfinsu a Gabashin Bahar Rum da Bahar Maliya.Bayan karewar sulhu tsakanin jamhuriyar, jiragen ruwa na Genoese sun ci gaba da tursasa 'yan kasuwan Venetia a Tekun Aegean.A cikin 1295, hare-haren Genoese a cikin kwata na Venetian a Constantinople ya kara ta'azzara tashe-tashen hankula, wanda ya haifar da shelar yaki da Venetian a cikin wannan shekarar.Rashin raguwa mai zurfi a dangantakar Byzantine da Venetian, bayan yakin Crusade na hudu , ya haifar da Daular Byzantine da ke goyon bayan Genoese a cikin rikici.Rumawa sun shiga yakin a bangaren Genoan.Yayin da 'yan Venetian suka sami ci gaba cikin sauri a cikin Tekun Aegean da Black Sea, Genoans sun yi nasara a cikin yakin, a karshe sun ba da kyautar Venetian a yakin Curzola a 1298, tare da yarjejeniyar sulhu a shekara ta gaba.

An bayyana Baƙar Mutuwar Jumhuriyar Venice a cikin tarihin Doge Andrea Dandolo, da monk Francesco della Grazia da Lorenzo de Monacis.Venice na daya daga cikin manyan biranen Turai, kuma a wannan lokaci ta cika makil da 'yan gudun hijira daga yunwa a karkarar shekarar da ta gabata da kuma girgizar kasa a watan Janairu.A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1348, annoba ta isa birnin da cunkoson jama’a kuma tituna suka cika da gawarwakin marasa lafiya, da matattu da matattu, da ƙamshin da ke fitowa daga gidajen da aka yi watsi da matattu.An binne mutane tsakanin 25 zuwa 30 a kowace rana a makabartar da ke kusa da Rialto, kuma an kai gawarwakin don binne su a tsibiran da ke cikin tafkin wadanda suka kamu da cutar a hankali suka mutu da kansu.Da yawa daga cikin ‘yan kasar Venetian sun fice daga birnin, ciki har da jami’an jihar, wanda ya sa sauran ‘yan majalisar birnin suka haramta wa ‘yan Venetian barin birnin a watan Yuli, ta hanyar yi musu barazanar rasa matsayinsu da matsayinsu idan sun yi hakan, domin hana tabarbarewar zamantakewar al’umma. .

Yaƙin macizai (1350-1355) ya kasance rikici na uku da aka yi a cikin jerin yaƙe-yaƙe na Venetian da Genoese.Akwai dalilai guda uku da suka haddasa barkewar yakin: mulkin Genoa a kan tekun Black Sea, kama Genoa na Chios da Phocaea da yakin Latin wanda ya sa Daular Byzantine ta rasa iko a kan mashigin tekun Bahar, don haka ya sanya shi ya yi nasara. mafi wuya ga Venetian isa ga tashar jiragen ruwa na Asiya.

Venice ta bukaci mazaunanta su ba da gudummawa mai yawa don samar da abinci da kuma kula da manyan jiragenta.A ranar 8 ga Agusta, 1363, an sanar da 'yan asalin Latin a Candia cewa sabon haraji, da nufin tallafawa kula da tashar jiragen ruwa na birnin, Majalisar Dattijan Venetian za ta sanya musu.Yayin da ake kallon harajin mafi fa'ida ga 'yan kasuwa na Venetian maimakon masu mallakar filaye, an sami ƙin yarda a tsakanin ɓangarorin.Tawayen St. Titus ba shine farkon ƙoƙari na jayayya da mulkin Venetian a Crete ba.Tashe-tashen hankulan da manyan Girika suka tada suna ƙoƙarin dawo da gatansu na baya sun kasance akai-akai, amma waɗannan ba su da hali na tawaye na "ƙasa".Duk da haka, tawayen da aka yi a shekara ta 1363 ya kasance na musamman domin ’yan mulkin mallaka ne da kansu suka fara, wanda daga baya suka yi kawance da Girkawa na tsibirin.Rundunar 'yan gudun hijirar Venetian ta tashi daga Venice a ranar 10 ga Afrilu, ɗauke da sojojin ƙafa, dawakai, sapper na ma'adinai, da injiniyoyi na kewaye.A ranar 7 ga Mayu 1364, kuma kafin tawagar zuwa Genoa ta koma Candia, sojojin Venetian sun mamaye Crete, suka sauka a bakin tekun Palaiokastro.Dakatar da jiragen ruwa a Fraskia, suka nufi gabas zuwa Candia kuma, suna fuskantar 'yar turjiya, sun yi nasarar sake kwace birnin a ranar 10 ga Mayu. An kashe Marco Gradenigo dattijon da masu ba shi shawara guda biyu, yayin da yawancin shugabannin 'yan tawayen suka gudu zuwa cikin birnin. duwatsu.

Genoa yana so ya kafa cikakken ikon kasuwanci a yankin Tekun Bahar Maliya (wanda ya ƙunshi hatsi, katako, Jawo, da bayi).Don yin haka yana buƙatar kawar da barazanar kasuwanci da Venice ke yi a wannan yanki.Genoa ta ji tilas ta fara rikicin saboda rugujewar Hegemony na Mongol akan hanyar kasuwanci ta tsakiyar Asiya wacce ta kasance babbar hanyar samun arziki ga Genoa.Lokacin da Mongols suka rasa ikon yankin, kasuwanci ya zama mafi haɗari kuma ba shi da riba sosai.Don haka shawarar Genoa na zuwa yaƙi don tabbatar da kasuwancinta a yankin tekun Black Sea ya kasance ƙarƙashin ikonta.Yakin ya sami sakamako daban-daban.Venice da kawayenta sun yi nasara a yakin da suka yi da kasashen Italiya da ke adawa da juna, duk da haka sun sha kashi a yakin da suka yi da Sarki Louis mai girma na Hungary, wanda ya haifar da mamaye garuruwan Dalmatiya na Hungary .

Yaƙin Chioggia yaƙi ne na ruwa a lokacin Yaƙin Chioggia wanda ya ƙare a ranar 24 ga Yuni, 1380 a tafkin Chioggia, Italiya, tsakanin jiragen ruwa na Venetian da na Genoese.Genoese, wanda Admiral Pietro Doria ya umarta, sun kama ƙaramin tashar kamun kifi a watan Agustan shekarar da ta gabata. Tashar jiragen ruwan ba ta da wani sakamako, amma wurin da take a mashigar ruwa zuwa Tekun Venetian ya yi barazana ga Venice a bakin ƙofarta.'Yan Venetia, karkashin Vettor Pisani da Doge Andrea Contarini, sun yi nasara a wani bangare na sa'ar zuwan Carlo Zeno a shugaban rundunar daga gabas.'Yan kasar Venetia duk sun kwace garin tare da mayar da yakin neman zabe.Yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya da aka sanya hannu a cikin 1381 a Turin ba ta ba da wata fa'ida ga Genoa ko Venice ba, amma ta bayyana ƙarshen dogon gasa: Ba a ga jigilar Genoese a cikin Tekun Adriatic bayan Chioggia.Wannan yaƙin kuma yana da mahimmanci a cikin fasahohin da maharan ke amfani da su.

Bayan yakin Kosovo a shekara ta 1389, daular Ottoman sun mamaye mafi yawan kasashen Balkan kuma sun rage daular Rumawa zuwa yankin da ke kewaye da Constantinoful nan da nan, wanda suka tarewa tun daga shekara ta 1394.A idanun boyars na Bulgaria , despots, da sauran sarakunan Balkan masu zaman kansu, yakin crusa ya kasance babbar dama ta sake dawo da tsarin mulkin Ottoman tare da mayar da Balkans daga mulkin Musulunci.Bugu da kari, layin gaba tsakanin Musulunci da Kiristanci ya kasance yana tafiya sannu a hankali zuwa Masarautar Hungary.Masarautar Hungary yanzu ita ce kan iyaka tsakanin addinan biyu a Gabashin Turai, kuma ' yan kasar Hungary na cikin hadarin kai wa kansu hari.Jamhuriyar Venice ta ji tsoron cewa ikon Ottoman na yankin Balkan, wanda ya hada da yankunan Venetian kamar sassan Morea da Dalmatia, zai rage tasirinsu akan Tekun Adriatic, Tekun Ionian, da Tekun Aegean.A shekara ta 1394, Paparoma Boniface na IX ya shelanta sabon yakin neman zabe a kan Turkawa, duk da cewa Schism na Yamma ya raba sarautar Paparoma gida biyu, tare da fafaroma masu hamayya da juna a Avignon da Roma, kuma zamanin da Paparoma ke da ikon kiran yakin crusade ya dade.Venice ta ba da jiragen ruwa na ruwa don tallafawa aikin, yayin da wakilan Hungary suka ƙarfafa shugabannin Jamus na Rhineland, Bavaria, Saxony, da sauran sassan daular su shiga.Yakin Nicopolis ya haifar da cin zarafi na sojojin 'yan tawaye na Hungarian, Croatian, Bulgarian, Wallachian, Faransanci, Burgundian, Jamusanci, da dakaru daban-daban (da taimakon sojojin ruwa na Venetian) a hannun sojojin Ottoman, wanda ya kai ga ƙarshe. na Daular Bulgaria ta biyu .

A ƙarshen karni na 14, Venice ta mallaki ƙasar Italiya, ta haɗa Mestre da Serravalle a 1337, Treviso da Bassano del Grappa a 1339, Oderzo a 1380, da Ceneda a 1389. A farkon ƙarni na 15, jamhuriyar ta fara zama. Fadada zuwa Terraferma.Don haka, an sami Vicenza, Belluno, da Feltre a cikin 1404, da Padua, Verona, da Este a 1405.

Renaissance na Venetian yana da halaye na musamman idan aka kwatanta da Renaissance na Italiya na gaba ɗaya.Jamhuriyar Venice ta bambanta da sauran jahohin birni na Renaissance Italiya a sakamakon yanayin yanki, wanda ya keɓance birnin a siyasance, tattalin arziki da al'adu, yana ba da damar birnin damar samun nishaɗin fasaha.Tasirin fasahar Venetian bai gushe ba a ƙarshen lokacin Renaissance.Ayyukanta sun ci gaba ta hanyar ayyukan masu sukar fasaha da masu fasaha waɗanda ke haɓaka shahararta a cikin Turai har zuwa karni na 19.Ko da yake an daɗe da raguwar ikon siyasa da tattalin arziƙin jamhuriya kafin 1500, Venice a wannan ranar ta kasance "mafi arziƙi, mafi ƙarfi, kuma mafi yawan jama'a na Italiya" kuma tana sarrafa manyan yankuna a cikin ƙasa, wanda aka sani da terraferma, wanda ya haɗa da. ƙananan garuruwa da yawa waɗanda suka ba da gudummawar masu fasaha zuwa makarantar Venetian, musamman Padua, Brescia da Verona.Yankunan Jamhuriyar sun kuma hada da Istria, Dalmatiya da tsibiran da ke kusa da gabar tekun Croatia, wadanda su ma suka ba da gudummawa.Hakika, "manyan masu zanen Venetian na karni na goma sha shida ba su kasance 'yan asalin birnin ba" kanta, kuma wasu yawanci suna aiki a wasu yankuna na Jamhuriyar, ko kuma gaba.Yawancin haka yake ga masu gine-ginen Venetian.Ko da yake ba wata ma'ana mai mahimmanci cibiyar 'yan Adam ta Renaissance ba, Venice ita ce cibiyar buga littattafai da babu shakka a Italiya, kuma tana da mahimmanci a wannan girmamawa;An rarraba bugu na Venetian a duk faɗin Turai.Aldus Manutius shine mafi mahimmancin firinta/mawallafi, amma ba haka bane shi kaɗai.

An yi yakin Ottoman-Venetian na farko tsakanin Jamhuriyar Venice da kawayenta da kuma Daular Usmaniyya daga 1463 zuwa 1479. An yi yakin jim kadan bayan kama Konstantinoful da ragowar daular Byzantine da Ottoman suka yi, wanda ya yi sanadiyar asarar mutane da dama. Hannun Venetian a Albania da Girka, mafi mahimmanci tsibirin Negroponte (Euboea), wanda ya kasance kariyar Venetian tsawon ƙarni.Yakin kuma ya ga saurin fadada sojojin ruwa na Ottoman, wanda ya sami damar kalubalantar Venetian da Asibitin Knights don samun fifiko a Tekun Aegean.A cikin shekarun da aka rufe na yakin, jamhuriyar ta yi nasarar mayar da asarar da ta yi ta hanyar mallakar daular Crusader na Cyprus.

Gutenberg ya mutu ba tare da komi ba, masu ba da lamuni sun kama shi.Wasu mawallafa na Jamus sun gudu don neman wuraren kiwo, daga ƙarshe sun isa Venice, wadda ita ce cibiyar jigilar kayayyaki ta tsakiyar Bahar Rum a ƙarshen karni na 15."Idan ka buga kwafi 200 na littafi a Venice, za ka iya sayar da biyar ga kyaftin na kowane jirgin ruwa da ke barin tashar jiragen ruwa," in ji Palmer, wanda ya kirkiro tsarin rarraba jama'a na farko don buga littattafai.Jiragen sun bar Venice dauke da litattafai na addini da kuma adabi, amma kuma da labarai masu tada hankali daga ko'ina cikin duniya.Masu bugawa a Venice sun sayar da ƙasidu masu shafuffuka huɗu ga ma’aikatan jirgin ruwa, kuma sa’ad da jiragensu suka isa tashar jiragen ruwa masu nisa, masu buga littattafai na gida za su kwafi ƙasidun kuma su ba wa mahaya da za su kai su garuruwa da yawa.A cikin 1490s, lokacin da Venice ita ce babban birnin buga littattafai na Turai, kwafin babban aikin da Cicero ya yi ya biya albashin wata ɗaya kawai ga malamin makaranta.Gidan bugawa bai ƙaddamar da Renaissance ba, amma ya ƙara haɓaka sake ganowa da raba ilimi.

Bayan mutuwar James II, Sarkin Lusignan na ƙarshe, a cikin 1473, Jamhuriyar Venice ta karɓi ikon tsibirin, yayin da matar marigayi sarki Venetian, Sarauniya Catherine Cornaro, ta yi sarauta.Venice ta mamaye daular Cyprus a hukumance a shekara ta 1489, bayan murabus din Catherine.Mutanen Venetian sun ƙarfafa Nicosia ta hanyar gina Ganuwar Nicosia, kuma sun yi amfani da ita a matsayin muhimmiyar cibiyar kasuwanci.A tsawon mulkin Venetian, daular Ottoman ta kai hari Cyprus.

An gwabza yakin Ottoman-Venetian na biyu tsakanin Daular Islama ta Ottoman da Jamhuriyar Venice don kula da filayen da aka gwabza tsakanin bangarorin biyu a Tekun Aegean, Tekun Ionian, da Tekun Adriatic.Yakin dai ya kasance daga shekara ta 1499 zuwa 1503. Turkawa karkashin jagorancin Admiral Kemal Reis sun yi nasara kuma suka tilastawa Venetians gane irin nasarorin da suka samu a shekara ta 1503.

Binciken da Portuguese ta gano hanyar teku zuwa Indiya ita ce tafiya ta farko da aka yi rikodin kai tsaye daga Turai zuwa yankin Indiya, ta hanyar Cape of Good Hope.Karkashin umarnin mai binciken dan kasar Portugal Vasco da Gama, an gudanar da shi a zamanin Sarki Manuel I a 1495-1499.Wannan yana lalata hanyar ƙasar Venice yadda ya kamata akan cinikin Gabas.

Yakin League of Cambrai, wanda wani lokaci aka sani da Yaƙin Kungiyar Mai Tsarki da wasu sunaye da yawa, an yi yaƙi daga Fabrairu 1508 zuwa Disamba 1516 a matsayin wani ɓangare na Yaƙin Italiya na 1494-1559.Manyan mahalarta yakin, wadanda suka yi yaki na tsawonsa duka, su ne Faransa, Paparoma da Jamhuriyar Venice;An haɗa su a lokuta daban-daban ta kusan kowane iko mai mahimmanci a Yammacin Turai, ciki har daSpain , Daular Roman Mai Tsarki , Ingila , Duchy na Milan, Jamhuriyar Florence, Duchy na Ferrara, da Swiss.Yakin ya fara ne da Italienzug na Maximilian I, Sarkin Romawa, ya ketara zuwa yankin Venetian a watan Fabrairun 1508 tare da sojojinsa a kan hanyar Paparoma a Roma ya nada Sarkin Roma Mai Tsarki.A halin da ake ciki, Paparoma Julius na biyu, da nufin dakile tasirin Venetian a arewacin Italiya, ya haɗu da Ƙungiyar Cambrai - kawancen adawa da Venetian wanda ya ƙunshi shi, Maximilian I, Louis XII na Faransa, da Ferdinand II na Aragon - wanda aka kammala a hukumance Disamba 1508. Ko da yake Ƙungiyar ta yi nasara da farko, rikici tsakanin Julius da Louis ya sa ta rushe a 1510;Julius sai ya hada kansa da Venice a kan Faransa.Ƙungiyoyin Veneto-Papal a ƙarshe sun faɗaɗa cikin Ƙungiyar Mai Tsarki, wanda ya kori Faransawa daga Italiya a 1512;rashin jituwa game da rabon ganima, duk da haka, ya sa Venice ta yi watsi da ƙawancen da ke goyon bayan ɗaya da Faransa.A karkashin jagorancin Francis I, wanda ya gaji Louis a kan karagar Faransa, Faransawa da Venetian za su, ta hanyar nasara a Marignano a 1515, sake dawo da yankin da suka rasa;Yarjejeniyar Noyon (Agusta 1516) da Brussels (Disamba 1516), waɗanda suka kawo ƙarshen yaƙi a shekara mai zuwa, da gaske za su dawo da taswirar Italiya zuwa matsayin 1508.

A ranar 15 ga Afrilun 1509, sojojin Faransa karkashin jagorancin Louis XII sun bar Milan suka mamaye yankin Venetian.Don adawa da ci gabanta, Venice ta tara sojojin haya a kusa da Bergamo, tare da umarnin dangin Orsini, Bartolomeo d'Alviano da Niccolò di Pitigliano.A ranar 14 ga watan Mayu, yayin da sojojin Venetia suka koma kudu, sojojin na baya na Alviano, wadanda Piero del Monte da Saccoccio da Spoleto suka jagoranta, wasu sojojin Faransa karkashin Gian Giacomo Trivulzio, suka kai wa sojojin nasa hari a kusa da kauyen Agnadello.Duk da cewa an yi nasara a farko, sojojin dawakan Venetian ba da daɗewa ba sun fi yawa kuma sun kewaye su;lokacin da Alviano da kansa ya ji rauni kuma ya kama tsarin ya rushe kuma mayakan da suka tsira sun gudu daga fagen fama.Daga cikin umarnin Alviano, an kashe fiye da dubu hudu, ciki har da kwamandojinsa Spoleto da del Monte, an kuma kama manyan bindigogi 30.Ko da yake Pitigliano ya kauce wa shiga Faransawa kai tsaye, labarin yaƙin ya same shi da maraice, kuma yawancin sojojinsa sun gudu da safe.Da yake fuskantar ci gaba da ci gaban sojojin Faransa, ya yi sauri ya koma Treviso da Venice.Louis daga nan ya ci gaba da mamaye sauran Lombardy.An ambaci yakin a cikin Machiavelli's The Prince, tare da lura cewa a rana ɗaya, Venetian "sun rasa abin da ya kwashe shekaru ɗari takwas suna ƙoƙari su ci."

Yakin Marignano shine babban taro na ƙarshe na Yaƙin Ƙungiyar Cambrai kuma ya faru a ranar 13-14 ga Satumba 1515, kusa da garin da ake kira Melegnano, mai tazarar kilomita 16 kudu maso gabashin Milan.Ya ci karo da sojojin Faransa, wadanda suka hada da manyan mayaƙan doki da manyan bindigogi a Turai, karkashin jagorancin Francis I, sabon Sarkin Faransa, wanda aka yi wa sarauta, da tsohuwar Tarayyar Swiss Confederacy, wanda sojojin haya har zuwa wannan lokacin ana daukar su a matsayin mafi kyawun dakarun soja na tsakiya a Turai.Tare da Faransa akwai Jamus landsknechts, m kishiyoyinsu na Swiss ga shahara da shahara a yaki, da kuma su marigayi isa Venetian abokan.

Yakin Venetian na Ottoman na Uku ya taso ne daga kawancen Franco-Ottoman tsakanin Francis na daya na Faransa da kuma Suleyman na Daular Usmaniyya kan Sarkin Roma mai tsarki Charles V. Shirin farko tsakanin su biyu shi ne su mamayeItaliya tare, Francis ta hanyar Lombardy Arewa da Suleyman ta hanyar Apulia zuwa Kudu.Duk da haka, mamayewar da aka yi niyya ya kasa faruwa.Rundunar Ottoman ta girma sosai da girma da kuma iya aiki a cikin karni na 16 kuma yanzu tsohon corsair ya juya Admiral Hayreddin Barbarossa Pasha.A lokacin rani na 1538, Ottoman sun mai da hankalinsu ga sauran abubuwan Venetian a cikin Aegean suna kama tsibiran Andros, Naxos, Paros, da Santorini, tare da ɗaukar ƙauyukan Venetian biyu na ƙarshe akan Peloponnese Monemvasia da Navplion.Ottoman na gaba sun mayar da hankalinsu ga Adriatic.A nan, a cikin abin da Venetian suka yi la'akari da ruwa na gida, daular Ottoman, ta hanyar amfani da sojojin ruwa da sojojinsu a Albaniya, sun kame tarin garu a Dalmatiya tare da tabbatar da kasancewarsu a can.Yakin da ya fi muhimmanci a yakin shi ne yakin Préveza, wanda daular Usmaniyya ta yi nasara, sakamakon dabarun Barbarossa, Seydi Ali Reis, da Turgut Reis, da kuma rashin gudanar da kungiyar mai tsarki.Bayan daukar Kotor, babban kwamandan sojojin ruwa na kungiyar Genoese Andrea Doria ya yi nasarar kama sojojin ruwan Barbarossa a cikin Tekun Ambracian.Wannan ya kasance ga fa'idar Barbarossa duk da haka yayin da sojojin Ottoman suka goyi bayansa a Préveza yayin da Doria, ya kasa jagorantar kai hari gabaɗaya saboda tsoron makaman Ottoman, ya jira a cikin buɗaɗɗen teku.Daga ƙarshe Doria ya nuna alamar ja da baya a lokacin Barbarossa ya kai hari wanda ya kai ga nasarar Ottoman.Abubuwan da suka faru na wannan yakin, da kuma abubuwan da suka faru na Siege na Castelnuovo (1539) sun dakatar da duk wani shiri mai tsarki don kawo yakin da Ottomans a yankinsu kuma suka tilasta kungiyar ta fara tattaunawa don kawo karshen yakin.Yakin ya yi zafi sosai ga 'yan Venetia domin sun yi asarar mafi yawan sauran hannayensu na kasashen waje tare da nuna musu cewa ba za su iya sake daukar ko da sojojin ruwan Ottoman kadai ba.

Yakin Ottoman–Venetian na Hudu, wanda kuma aka sani da Yaƙin Cyprus an yi yaƙi tsakanin 1570 zuwa 1573. An yi yaƙi tsakanin Daular Usmaniyya da Jamhuriyar Venice, ta ƙarshe ta haɗa da Holy League, haɗin gwiwar ƙasashen Kirista da aka kafa a ƙarƙashin mulkin mallaka. auspices na Paparoma, wanda ya hada daSpain (tare da Naples da Sicily), Jamhuriyar Genoa , Duchy na Savoy, da Knights Hospitaller , Grand Duchy na Tuscany, da sauranItaliyanci jihohin .Yakin, wanda shi ne babban abin da ya faru a zamanin mulkin Sultan Selim II, ya fara ne da mamayar da Ottoman suka yi a tsibirin Cyprus da Venetian ke rike da shi.Babban birnin kasar Nicosia da wasu garuruwa da dama sun fada cikin gaggawa ga sojojin Ottoman mafi girma, inda Famagusta kawai ya bar hannun Venetian.An jinkirta ƙarfafawar Kirista, kuma Famagusta ya fadi a watan Agustan 1571 bayan kewaye na watanni 11.Bayan watanni biyu, a yakin Lepanto, hadaddiyar rundunar kiristoci ta lalata rundunar Ottoman, amma sun kasa cin gajiyar wannan nasara.Ottomans sun sake gina sojojin ruwa da sauri kuma Venice ta tilasta yin shawarwarin zaman lafiya na daban, ta ba da Cyprus ga Ottomans kuma ta biya haraji na 300,000 ducats.

Yakin Lepanto wani yakin ruwa ne wanda ya faru a ranar 7 ga Oktoba 1571 lokacin da rundunar hadin gwiwa ta Holy League, hadin gwiwar jihohin Katolika (da suka hada daSpain da mafi yawanItaliya ) da Paparoma Pius V ya shirya, ya haifar da babbar nasara a kan rundunar sojojin. Daular Ottoman a cikin Gulf of Patras.Sojojin Ottoman suna tafiya zuwa yamma daga tashar jiragen ruwa na Lepanto (sunan Venetian na d ¯ a Naupactus) lokacin da suka hadu da rundunar sojojin Kungiyar Mai Tsarki da ke tafiya gabas daga Messina, Sicily.Masarautar Sipaniya da Jamhuriyar Venetia sune manyan ikon haɗin gwiwar, kasancewar Philip II na Spain ne ke ba da kuɗin gasar, kuma Venice ita ce babbar mai ba da gudummawar jiragen ruwa.Nasarar da kungiyar mai tsarki ta samu na da matukar muhimmanci a tarihin kasashen Turai da na Daular Usmaniyya, wanda ke nuni da sauyin da sojojin daular Usmaniyya suka yi a tekun Mediterrenean, duk da cewa yakin Ottoman a nahiyar Turai zai ci gaba da wanzuwa tsawon wani karni.An daɗe ana kwatanta shi da yaƙin Salamis, duka don daidaitawa da dabara da kuma mahimmancin mahimmancin da yake da shi wajen kare Turai daga faɗaɗa daular.Hakanan yana da mahimmancin alama a lokacin da Turai ta yi wa nata yaƙe-yaƙe na addini bayan gyare-gyaren Furotesta.Paparoma Pius na Biyu ne ya kafa bukin Uwargidanmu ta Nasara, kuma Philip na biyu na Spain ya yi amfani da wannan nasara wajen karfafa matsayinsa na “Sarkin Katolika Mai Girma” kuma mai kare Kiristendam kan kutsen Musulmi.

A cewar masanin tarihin tattalin arziki Jan De Vries, karfin tattalin arzikin Venice a cikin Bahar Rum ya ragu sosai a farkon karni na 17.De Vries ya danganta wannan raguwa ga asarar cinikin kayan yaji, raguwar masana'antar yadi mara gasa, gasa a cikin buga littattafai saboda Cocin Katolika da aka sabunta, mummunan tasirinyakin shekaru Talatin a kan manyan abokan cinikin Venice, da karuwar farashin shigo da auduga da siliki zuwa Venice.Bugu da kari, ma'aikatan jirgin ruwa na Portugal sun zagaya Afirka, inda suka bude wata hanyar kasuwanci zuwa gabas.

Yakin Uskok, wanda kuma aka fi sani da Yaƙin Gradisca, ƴan Australiya, Croats, da Sipaniya ne suka yi yaƙi a gefe guda da Venetian, Dutch, da Ingilishi a ɗayan.Sunan ta ne don Uskoks, sojoji daga Croatia da Austrians ke amfani da shi don yakin basasa.Tunda an duba Uskoks a kasa kuma ba kasafai ake biyan su albashin shekara ba, sai suka koma yin fashin teku.Baya ga kai hari kan jiragen ruwa na Turkiyya, sun kai hari kan 'yan kasuwar Venetia.Ko da yake 'yan Venetian sun yi ƙoƙarin kare jigilar su tare da rakiya, hasumiya, da sauran matakan kariya, farashin ya zama haramun.An kammala yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya ta hanyar shiga tsakani na Philip III, Sarkin Roma Mai Tsarki Matthias, Archduke Ferdinand na Ostiriya da Jamhuriyar Venice sun yanke shawarar cewa za a kori 'yan fashi daga yankunan ruwa na gidan Ostiriya.Mutanen Venetian sun koma ga Imperial da Mai Martaba duk wuraren da suka mamaye a Istria da Friuli.

Annobar Italiya ta 1629-1631, wacce kuma ake kira Babban Bala'in Milan, wani bangare ne na annoba ta biyu da ta fara da Mutuwar Baƙar fata a 1348 kuma ta ƙare a ƙarni na 18.Ofaya daga cikin manyan bullar cutar guda biyu a Italiya a cikin ƙarni na 17, ta shafi arewaci da tsakiyar Italiya kuma ta yi sanadiyar mutuwar aƙalla 280,000, tare da ƙiyasin asarar rayuka sama da miliyan ɗaya, ko kuma kusan kashi 35% na yawan jama'a.Wataƙila annobar ta taimaka wajen koma bayan tattalin arzikin Italiya dangane da na sauran ƙasashen yammacin Turai.Jamhuriyar Venice ta kamu da cutar a cikin 1630-31.An kai wa birnin Venice mummunan hari, inda aka samu asarar rayuka 46,000 daga cikin mutane 140,000.Wasu masana tarihi sun yi imanin cewa mummunar asarar rayuka, da tasirinsa a kan kasuwanci, ya haifar da faduwar Venice a matsayin babbar ikon kasuwanci da siyasa.

A cikin karni na 17, kofi ya bayyana a karo na farko a Turai a waje da Daular Ottoman , kuma an kafa gidajen kofi, ba da daɗewa ba ya zama sananne.An ce gidajen kofi na farko sun bayyana a cikin 1632 a Livorno ta wani ɗan kasuwa Bayahude, ko kuma daga baya a cikin 1640, a Venice.A cikin karni na 19th da 20th a Turai, gidajen kofi sun kasance sau da yawa wuraren saduwa ga marubuta da masu fasaha.

Yaƙin Cretan, wanda kuma aka sani da Yaƙin Candia ko Yaƙin Ottoman-Venetian na Biyar, ya kasance rikici tsakanin Jamhuriyar Venice da ƙawayenta (babban daga cikinsu Knights na Malta, Ƙasar Papal da Faransa ) da Daular Ottoman Ƙasar Barbary, saboda an yi yaƙi da ita a kan tsibirin Crete, mafi girma da wadata a Venice a ketare.Yaƙin ya ci gaba daga 1645 zuwa 1669 kuma an yi yaƙi a Crete, musamman a birnin Candia, da kuma yawan ayyukan sojan ruwa da hare-hare a kusa da Tekun Aegean, tare da Dalmatiya ya ba da gidan wasan kwaikwayo na biyu.Duk da cewa Ottomans sun mamaye yawancin Crete a cikin ƴan shekarun farko na yaƙin, sansanin soja na Candia (Heraklion na zamani), babban birnin Crete, ya yi nasara cikin nasara.Tsawaita kawayen da aka yi ya tilastawa bangarorin biyu mayar da hankalinsu kan samar da sojojin da suke a tsibirin.Ga 'yan Venetia musamman, begensu na samun nasara a kan babban sojojin Ottoman a Crete ya kasance cikin nasarar kashe mata abinci da kayan taimako.Don haka yakin ya rikide zuwa jerin gwanon jiragen ruwa tsakanin sojojin ruwa biyu da abokan kawancensu.Venice ta sami taimakon al'ummomin Yammacin Turai daban-daban, waɗanda Paparoma ya yi musu gargaɗi kuma a cikin farfaɗowar ruhin crusading, ya aika maza, jiragen ruwa da kayayyaki "domin kare Kiristendam".A cikin yakin, Venice ta ci gaba da kasancewa mafi girma na sojan ruwa, ta lashe mafi yawan ayyukan sojan ruwa, amma kokarin da aka yi na toshe Dardanelles ya yi nasara a wani bangare kawai, kuma Jamhuriyar Jamhuriyar ba ta da isassun jiragen ruwa da za su iya yanke jigilar kayayyaki da ƙarfafawa zuwa Crete.Daular Usmaniyya ta samu cikas a kokarinsu na rudanin cikin gida, da kuma karkatar da sojojinsu zuwa arewa zuwa Transylvania da masarautar Habsburg.Rikicin da aka dade ya kawo gajiyar tattalin arzikin Jamhuriyar, wanda ya dogara da kasuwanci mai riba da Daular Usmaniyya.A cikin 1660s, duk da ƙarin taimako daga wasu al'ummomin Kirista, gajiyar yaƙi ya taso. A gefe guda kuma, Ottoman sun sami nasarar ci gaba da ƙarfafa sojojinsu a Crete kuma sun sake ƙarfafawa a ƙarƙashin jagorancin iyali na Köprülü, sun aika da babban balaguro na ƙarshe. a 1666 karkashin kulawar Grand Vizier kai tsaye.Wannan ya fara mataki na ƙarshe kuma mafi zubar da jini na Siege na Candia, wanda ya ɗauki fiye da shekaru biyu.Ya ƙare tare da yin sulhu da mika wuya na sansanin soja, tare da rufe makomar tsibirin da kuma kawo karshen yakin a cikin nasarar Ottoman.A cikin yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya ta ƙarshe, Venice ta riƙe ƴan sansanonin tsibiri keɓe daga Crete, kuma ta sami wasu nasarori na yanki a Dalmatia.Sha'awar Venetian na sake dawowa zai jagoranci, bayan shekaru 15, zuwa sabon yakin, wanda Venice za ta yi nasara.Crete, duk da haka, za ta kasance ƙarƙashin ikon Ottoman har zuwa 1897, lokacin da ta zama ƙasa mai cin gashin kanta;A ƙarshe an haɗa shi da Girka a 1913.

Yaƙin Morean, wanda kuma aka fi sani da Yaƙin Ottoman–Venetian na Shida, an gwabza tsakanin 1684-1699 a zaman wani ɓangare na yaƙin da aka fi sani da "Babban Yaƙin Turkiyya", tsakanin Jamhuriyar Venice da Daular Ottoman .Ayyukan soji sun fito ne daga Dalmatiya zuwa Tekun Aegean, amma babban yaƙin neman zaɓe shi ne mamayar da Venetian suka yi a yankin Morea (Peloponnese) a kudancin Girka.A gefen Venetian, an yi yaƙin don ɗaukar fansar asarar Crete a Yaƙin Cretan (1645-1669).Hakan ya faru ne yayin da Daular Usmaniyya ta tsunduma cikin gwagwarmayar da suke yi na arewa da Habsburgs – fara da gazawar da Ottoman suka yi na mamaye Vienna da kuma kawo karshen Habsburgs sun sami Buda da ma Hungary baki daya, wanda ya bar Daular Usmaniyya ta kasa hada karfi da karfe wajen yaki da Venetian.Don haka, Yaƙin Morean shine kawai rikicin Ottoman-Venetian wanda Venice ta yi nasara, ta sami babban yanki.Farfaɗowar faɗaɗawar Venice zai kasance ɗan gajeren lokaci, saboda ribar da Ottomans za su samu a cikin 1718.

An yi yakin Ottoman-Venetian na Bakwai tsakanin Jamhuriyar Venice da Daular Ottoman tsakanin 1714 zuwa 1718. Shi ne rikici na karshe tsakanin masu iko biyu, kuma ya ƙare da nasarar Ottoman da asarar babban mallakar Venice a tsibirin Girka. Peloponnese (Morea).Venice ta sami ceto daga babban shan kashi ta hanyar shiga tsakani na Ostiriya a 1716. Nasarar Austrian ta kai ga sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar Passarowitz a 1718, wanda ya kawo karshen yakin.Wannan yakin kuma ana kiransa Yaƙin Morean na Biyu, Yaƙin Kananan Ko, a cikin Croatia, Yaƙin Sinj.

Faduwar Jumhuriyar Venice jerin abubuwa ne da suka ƙare a ranar 12 ga Mayu 1797 a wargajewa da wargajewar jamhuriyar Venice a hannun Napoleon Bonaparte da Habsburg Austria.A cikin 1796, sabuwar jamhuriyar Faransa da aka kafa ta tura matashin janar Napoleon don fuskantar Austria, a matsayin wani ɓangare na Yaƙin Juyin Juyin Halitta na Faransa.Ya zaɓi ya bi ta Venice, wanda ya kasance tsaka tsaki a hukumance.Ba tare da so ba, 'yan Venetian sun ba da damar sojojin Faransa masu girma su shiga cikin kasarsu don su fuskanci Austria.Duk da haka, Faransanci a ɓoye ya fara tallafawa masu juyin juya halin Jacobin a cikin Venice, kuma majalisar dattijai ta Venetian ta fara shirye-shiryen yaki a hankali.Sojojin Venetian sun ƙare kuma ba su yi wasa da Faransa mai tsananin yaƙi ba ko ma tada zaune tsaye.Bayan kama Mantua a ranar 2 ga Fabrairun 1797, Faransawa sun yi watsi da duk wata hujja kuma sun yi kira ga jama'a a fili don yin juyin juya hali a tsakanin yankunan Venice.A ranar 13 ga Maris, an yi tawaye a fili, tare da Brescia da Bergamo sun rabu.Duk da haka, ra'ayin 'yan Venetian ya kasance mai girma, kuma Faransa ta tilastawa ta bayyana ainihin manufofinta bayan da ta ba da goyon bayan soja ga masu juyin juya hali.A ranar 25 ga Afrilu, Napoleon ya fito fili ya yi barazanar ayyana yaki a Venice sai dai idan ta samu dimokuradiyya.