![Histoire de la Pologne](https://i.pinimg.com/1200x/63/20/3f/63203f3f293b564041d5819db205423d.jpg)
Histoire de la Pologne Chronologie
Prologue
Fragmentation
Congrès Pologne
Sanation Era
Le dégel
Répression
Solidarité
annexes
personnages
les références
![Histoire de la Pologne](https://i.pinimg.com/1200x/63/20/3f/63203f3f293b564041d5819db205423d.jpg)
![Prologue](https://i.pinimg.com/600x/fa/12/2b/fa122b9987c7c5e0a1a47a82f04e9921.jpg)
Prologue
Poland![Tribu des Polans](https://i.pinimg.com/600x/c5/20/48/c52048fc4ad9b583eb98e6e145538cbf.jpg)
Tribu des Polans
Poznań, Poland![Fondation de l'État polonais](https://i.pinimg.com/600x/20/85/e2/2085e272d4339ce24f2d74cae309e554.jpg)
Fondation de l'État polonais
Poland![Christianisation de la Pologne](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Matejko_Christianization_of_Poland.jpg/600px-Matejko_Christianization_of_Poland.jpg)
Christianisation de la Pologne
Poland![Règne de Bolesław I le Brave](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/Otton_III_koronuj%C4%85cy_Boles%C5%82awa_Chrobrego%2C_drzeworyt_z_dzie%C5%82a_Macieja_z_Miechowa_Chronica_Polonorum%2C_1521%2C_%C5%9Al%C4%85ska_Biblioteka_Cyfrowa.png)
Règne de Bolesław I le Brave
Poland![Fragmentation](https://i.pinimg.com/600x/59/26/cd/5926cd820dadaa1eb790368d3979d9f3.jpg)
Fragmentation
Poland![Fantômes de Mazovie](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Anonymous_Dukes_of_Masovia_01.jpg/600px-Anonymous_Dukes_of_Masovia_01.jpg)
Fantômes de Mazovie
Masovian Voivodeship, Poland![Chevaliers teutoniques invités](https://i.pinimg.com/600x/23/62/ff/2362ff5c51853e9a8771b414e40dee2a.jpg)
Chevaliers teutoniques invités
Chełmno, Poland![Première invasion mongole de la Pologne](https://i.pinimg.com/600x/99/9a/5e/999a5e9e7b594cbd5806d04dbea55d5c.jpg)
Première invasion mongole de la Pologne
Poland![Croissance des villes dans la Pologne médiévale](https://i.pinimg.com/600x/2c/13/c0/2c13c012ef8e27eb3ef7c2ce4c6fb423.jpg)
Croissance des villes dans la Pologne médiévale
Wrocław, PolandUnion de la Hongrie et de la Pologne
Poland![Dynastie Jagellonne](https://i.pinimg.com/600x/00/b0/04/00b004484e7898dcb470d85afe6135e2.jpg)
Dynastie Jagellonne
Poland![Władysław III et Casimir IV Jagellon](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Kazimier_Jagaj%C5%82avi%C4%8D._%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%AF%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%87_%281645%29.jpg/600px-Kazimier_Jagaj%C5%82avi%C4%8D._%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%AF%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%87_%281645%29.jpg)
Władysław III et Casimir IV Jagellon
Poland![Âge d'or polonais](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Nikolaus_Kopernikus.jpg/600px-Nikolaus_Kopernikus.jpg)
Âge d'or polonais
Poland![Commonwealth polono-lituanien](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Pot%C4%99ga_Rzeczypospolitej_u_zenitu._Z%C5%82ota_wolno%C5%9B%C4%87._Elekcja_R.P._1573.jpg/600px-Pot%C4%99ga_Rzeczypospolitej_u_zenitu._Z%C5%82ota_wolno%C5%9B%C4%87._Elekcja_R.P._1573.jpg)
Commonwealth polono-lituanien
Poland![Premiers rois électifs](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Quesnel_Henry_III_of_France_in_Polish_hat.jpg/600px-Quesnel_Henry_III_of_France_in_Polish_hat.jpg)
Premiers rois électifs
Poland![Confédération de Varsovie](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Wojciech_Gerson_-_Gda%C5%84sk_in_the_XVII_century.jpg/600px-Wojciech_Gerson_-_Gda%C5%84sk_in_the_XVII_century.jpg)
Confédération de Varsovie
Warsaw, Poland![Commonwealth sous la dynastie Vasa](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Sigismund_at_horse.jpg/600px-Sigismund_at_horse.jpg)
Commonwealth sous la dynastie Vasa
Poland![Déclin du Commonwealth polono-lituanien](https://i.pinimg.com/600x/84/37/0b/84370b551d82f9bc4b01ad556f262bd7.jpg)
Déclin du Commonwealth polono-lituanien
Poland![Jean III Sobieski](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Juliusz_Kossak_Sobieski_pod_Wiedniem.jpeg/600px-Juliusz_Kossak_Sobieski_pod_Wiedniem.jpeg)
Jean III Sobieski
Poland![Sous les rois saxons](https://i.pinimg.com/600x/dd/24/f7/dd24f7a96d255d54912c8af9d302399b.jpg)
Sous les rois saxons
Poland![Grande Guerre du Nord](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/Battle_of_D%C3%BCna%2C_1701.png)
Grande Guerre du Nord
Northern Europe![Guerre de Succession de Pologne](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/King_Augustus_III_of_Poland.jpg/600px-King_Augustus_III_of_Poland.jpg)
Guerre de Succession de Pologne
Lorraine, FranceRéformes Czartoryski et Stanisław August Poniatowski
Poland![Première partition de la Pologne](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Rejtan_Upadek_Polski_Matejko.jpg/600px-Rejtan_Upadek_Polski_Matejko.jpg)
Première partition de la Pologne
Poland![Deuxième partition de la Pologne](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Wojciech_Kossak_po_bitwie_pod_Ziele%C5%84cami.jpg/600px-Wojciech_Kossak_po_bitwie_pod_Ziele%C5%84cami.jpg)
Deuxième partition de la Pologne
Poland![Fin du Commonwealth polono-lituanien](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Smuglewicz_Kosciuszko_2.jpg/600px-Smuglewicz_Kosciuszko_2.jpg)
Fin du Commonwealth polono-lituanien
Poland![Troisième partition de la Pologne](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Bitwa_pod_Raclawicami.jpg/600px-Bitwa_pod_Raclawicami.jpg)
Troisième partition de la Pologne
PolandLa troisième partition de la Pologne (1795) était la dernière d'une série de partitions de la Pologne-Lituanie et de la terre du Commonwealth polono-lituanien entre la Prusse, la monarchie des Habsbourg et l'Empire russe qui a effectivement mis fin à la souveraineté nationale polono-lituanienne jusqu'à 1918. La partition est le résultat du soulèvement de Kościuszko et a été suivie par un certain nombre de soulèvements polonais au cours de la période.
![Duché de Varsovie](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Death_of_Poniatowski.jpg/600px-Death_of_Poniatowski.jpg)
Duché de Varsovie
Warsaw, Poland![Congrès Pologne](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Prince_Metternich_by_Lawrence.jpeg/600px-Prince_Metternich_by_Lawrence.jpeg)
Congrès Pologne
Poland![Insurrection de novembre 1830](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Marcin_Zaleski%2C_Wzi%C4%99cie_Arsena%C5%82u.jpg/600px-Marcin_Zaleski%2C_Wzi%C4%99cie_Arsena%C5%82u.jpg)
Insurrection de novembre 1830
Poland![Grande émigration](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/MWP_1830_Les_polonais_recus_en_Belgique.jpg/600px-MWP_1830_Les_polonais_recus_en_Belgique.jpg)
Grande émigration
Poland![Insurrections pendant le Printemps des Nations](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Attack_of_Krakusi_on_Russians_in_Proszowice_1846.jpg/600px-Attack_of_Krakusi_on_Russians_in_Proszowice_1846.jpg)
Insurrections pendant le Printemps des Nations
Poland![Nationalisme polonais moderne](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Boles%C5%82aw_Prus_%28ca._1905%29.jpg/600px-Boles%C5%82aw_Prus_%28ca._1905%29.jpg)
Nationalisme polonais moderne
Poland![La Révolution de 1905](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Stanis%C5%82aw_Mas%C5%82owski%2C_%C5%9Awit_1906_%28Wiosna_1905%29.jpg/600px-Stanis%C5%82aw_Mas%C5%82owski%2C_%C5%9Awit_1906_%28Wiosna_1905%29.jpg)
La Révolution de 1905
Poland![Première Guerre mondiale et indépendance](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Kielce_pilsudski.jpg/600px-Kielce_pilsudski.jpg)
Première Guerre mondiale et indépendance
PolandAlors que la Pologne n'existait pas en tant qu'État indépendant pendant la Première Guerre mondiale , sa position géographique entre les puissances combattantes signifiait que de nombreux combats et de terribles pertes humaines et matérielles se produisaient sur les terres polonaises entre 1914 et 1918. Lorsque la Première Guerre mondiale a commencé, le territoire polonais était scindé lors des partitions entre l'Autriche-Hongrie, l'Empire allemand et l' Empire russe , et devint le théâtre de nombreuses opérations du front de l'Est de la Première Guerre mondiale. Au lendemain de la guerre, suite à l'effondrement des forces russe, allemande et austro -Empires hongrois, la Pologne devient une république indépendante.
![Deuxième République polonaise](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Jozef_Pilsudski_12.12.1916.jpg/600px-Jozef_Pilsudski_12.12.1916.jpg)
Deuxième République polonaise
Poland![Sécurisation des frontières et guerre polono-soviétique](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Polish-soviet_war_1920_Polish_defences_near_Milosna%2C_August.jpg/600px-Polish-soviet_war_1920_Polish_defences_near_Milosna%2C_August.jpg)
Sécurisation des frontières et guerre polono-soviétique
Poland![Sanation Era](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Pi%C5%82sudski_May_1926.jpg/600px-Pi%C5%82sudski_May_1926.jpg)
Sanation Era
Poland![La Pologne pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale](https://i.pinimg.com/600x/aa/7c/75/aa7c759e25df8c04cabfe75279b3434c.jpg)
La Pologne pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale
Poland![Insurrection de Varsovie](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Warsaw_Uprising_by_Deczkowki_-_Kolegium_A_-15861.jpg/600px-Warsaw_Uprising_by_Deczkowki_-_Kolegium_A_-15861.jpg)
Insurrection de Varsovie
Warsaw, Poland![Distribution aux frontières et nettoyage ethnique](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Bundesarchiv_Bild_175-S00-00326%2C_Fl%C3%BCchtlinge_aus_Ostpreu%C3%9Fen_auf_Pferdewagen.jpg/600px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_175-S00-00326%2C_Fl%C3%BCchtlinge_aus_Ostpreu%C3%9Fen_auf_Pferdewagen.jpg)
Distribution aux frontières et nettoyage ethnique
Poland![Sous le stalinisme](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/A_Kult%C3%BAra_%C3%A9s_Tudom%C3%A1ny_Palot%C3%A1ja._Fortepan_75020.jpg/600px-A_Kult%C3%BAra_%C3%A9s_Tudom%C3%A1ny_Palot%C3%A1ja._Fortepan_75020.jpg)
Sous le stalinisme
Poland![Le dégel](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Gomulka_speech.jpg/600px-Gomulka_speech.jpg)
Le dégel
Poland![Répression](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Franti%C5%A1ek_Dost%C3%A1l_Srpen_1968_4_%28cropped%29.jpg/600px-Franti%C5%A1ek_Dost%C3%A1l_Srpen_1968_4_%28cropped%29.jpg)
Répression
Poland![Solidarité](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Gierek_in_Rz%C4%85%C5%9Bnik.jpg/600px-Gierek_in_Rz%C4%85%C5%9Bnik.jpg)
Solidarité
Poland![Loi martiale et fin du communisme](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/T-55A_Martial_law_Poland.jpg/600px-T-55A_Martial_law_Poland.jpg)
Loi martiale et fin du communisme
Poland![Troisième République polonaise](https://i.pinimg.com/600x/02/ec/e1/02ece15b3ccc7be48356c4546a12880e.jpg)
Troisième République polonaise
Poland![Constitution de la Pologne](https://i.pinimg.com/600x/85/ba/c9/85bac9bcf0c2f5f615835ecae68cbfd4.jpg)
Constitution de la Pologne
Poland![Catastrophe aérienne de Smolensk](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Polish_Air_Force_Tupolev_Tu-154_Dmitry_Karpezo-2.jpg/600px-Polish_Air_Force_Tupolev_Tu-154_Dmitry_Karpezo-2.jpg)
Catastrophe aérienne de Smolensk
Smolensk, RussiaHistoryMaps Shop
![](https://shop.history-maps.com/cdn/shop/files/continentalarmy600px.jpg?v=1715410562)
Heroes of the American Revolution Painting
Explore the rich history of the American Revolution through this captivating painting of the Continental Army. Perfect for history enthusiasts and art collectors, this piece brings to life the bravery and struggles of early American soldiers.
Appendices
APPENDIX 1
Geopolitics of Poland
![Play button](https://i.pinimg.com/564x/e6/d3/3e/e6d33ea020dfb3984d956364c51e7c30.jpg)
APPENDIX 2
Why Poland's Geography is the Worst
![Play button](https://i.pinimg.com/564x/e6/d3/3e/e6d33ea020dfb3984d956364c51e7c30.jpg)
Characters
![Bolesław I the Brave](https://i.pinimg.com/400x/fe/32/e6/fe32e68fae4558427324357b2e66f633.jpg)
Bolesław I the Brave
First King of Poland
![Nicolaus Copernicus](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Nikolaus_Kopernikus.jpg/400px-Nikolaus_Kopernikus.jpg)
Nicolaus Copernicus
Polish Polymath
Czartoryski
Polish Family
![Józef Poniatowski](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Prince_Jozef_Poniatowski%2C_by_Josef_Grassi.jpg/400px-Prince_Jozef_Poniatowski%2C_by_Josef_Grassi.jpg)
Józef Poniatowski
Polish General
![Frédéric Chopin](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Frederic_Chopin_photo.jpeg/400px-Frederic_Chopin_photo.jpeg)
Frédéric Chopin
Polish Composer
![Henry III of France](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Quesnel_Henry_III_of_France_in_Polish_hat.jpg/400px-Quesnel_Henry_III_of_France_in_Polish_hat.jpg)
Henry III of France
King of France and Poland
Jan Henryk Dąbrowski
Polish General
![Władysław I Łokietek](https://i.pinimg.com/400x/99/05/12/99051254e969d294242ab881e91ddce5.jpg)
Władysław I Łokietek
King of Poland
![Władysław Gomułka](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Gomu%C5%82ka_1960.jpg/400px-W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Gomu%C5%82ka_1960.jpg)
Władysław Gomułka
Polish Communist Politician
![Lech Wałęsa](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Lech_Wa%C5%82%C4%99sa_%282019%29%2C_FORUM_2000%2C_Prague_%282%29.jpg/400px-Lech_Wa%C5%82%C4%99sa_%282019%29%2C_FORUM_2000%2C_Prague_%282%29.jpg)
Lech Wałęsa
President of Poland
![Sigismund III Vasa](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Soutman_Sigismund_III_Vasa_in_coronation_robes.jpg/400px-Soutman_Sigismund_III_Vasa_in_coronation_robes.jpg)
Sigismund III Vasa
King of Poland
![Mieszko I](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Mieszko1.jpg/400px-Mieszko1.jpg)
Mieszko I
First Ruler of Poland
![Rosa Luxemburg](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Rosa_Luxemburg.jpg/400px-Rosa_Luxemburg.jpg)
Rosa Luxemburg
Revolutionary Socialist
Romuald Traugutt
Polish General
![Stanisław August Poniatowski](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Stanislaw_poniatowski_bacciarelli.jpg/400px-Stanislaw_poniatowski_bacciarelli.jpg)
Stanisław August Poniatowski
King of Poland
![Władysław Grabski](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Grabski_1925.jpg/400px-W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Grabski_1925.jpg)
Władysław Grabski
Prime Minister of Poland
![Casimir IV Jagiellon](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Kazimier_Jagaj%C5%82avi%C4%8D._%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%AF%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%87_%281645%29.jpg/400px-Kazimier_Jagaj%C5%82avi%C4%8D._%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%AF%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%87_%281645%29.jpg)
Casimir IV Jagiellon
King of Poland
![Casimir III the Great](https://i.pinimg.com/400x/71/63/a3/7163a39d5f158d73cdb803f28917935b.jpg)
Casimir III the Great
King of Poland
No. 303 Squadron RAF
Polish Fighter Squadron
![Stefan Wyszyński](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Stefan_Wyszy%C5%84ski.jpg/400px-Stefan_Wyszy%C5%84ski.jpg)
Stefan Wyszyński
Polish Prelate
![Jan Kochanowski](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/Jan_Kochanowski.png)
Jan Kochanowski
Poet
![Bolesław Bierut](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/PL_Boles%C5%82aw_Bierut_%281892-1956%29.jpg/400px-PL_Boles%C5%82aw_Bierut_%281892-1956%29.jpg)
Bolesław Bierut
President of Poland
![Augustus II the Strong](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Louis_de_Silvestre-August_II.jpg/400px-Louis_de_Silvestre-August_II.jpg)
Augustus II the Strong
King of Poland
![Władysław II Jagiełło](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Jogaila_%28W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_II%29.jpg/400px-Jogaila_%28W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_II%29.jpg)
Władysław II Jagiełło
King of Poland
![Adam Mickiewicz](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Adam_Mickiewicz_wed%C5%82ug_dagerotypu_paryskiego_z_1842_roku.jpg/400px-Adam_Mickiewicz_wed%C5%82ug_dagerotypu_paryskiego_z_1842_roku.jpg)
Adam Mickiewicz
Polish Poet
![John III Sobieski](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Schultz_John_III_Sobieski.jpg/400px-Schultz_John_III_Sobieski.jpg)
John III Sobieski
King of Poland
![Stephen Báthory](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Anonymous_Stephen_B%C3%A1thory_%28detail%29_01.jpg/400px-Anonymous_Stephen_B%C3%A1thory_%28detail%29_01.jpg)
Stephen Báthory
King of Poland
![Tadeusz Kościuszko](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Karl_G_Schweikart_-_Tadeusz_Ko%C5%9Bciuszko_%28%C3%96aL%29.jpg/400px-Karl_G_Schweikart_-_Tadeusz_Ko%C5%9Bciuszko_%28%C3%96aL%29.jpg)
Tadeusz Kościuszko
Polish Leader
![Józef Piłsudski](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/J%C3%B3zef_Pi%C5%82sudski_%28-1930%29.jpg/400px-J%C3%B3zef_Pi%C5%82sudski_%28-1930%29.jpg)
Józef Piłsudski
Chief of State
![Casimir I the Restorer](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Casimir_I_the_Restorer.jpg/400px-Casimir_I_the_Restorer.jpg)
Casimir I the Restorer
Duke of Poland
![Pope John Paul II](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Ritratto_di_papa_Giovanni_Paolo_II_%281984_%E2%80%93_edited%29.jpg/400px-Ritratto_di_papa_Giovanni_Paolo_II_%281984_%E2%80%93_edited%29.jpg)
Pope John Paul II
Catholic Pope
![Marie Curie](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Marie_Curie_c._1920s.jpg/400px-Marie_Curie_c._1920s.jpg)
Marie Curie
Polish Physicist and Chemist
Wojciech Jaruzelski
President of Poland
![Stanisław Wojciechowski](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Stanis%C5%82aw_Wojciechowski._Fotografia_portretowa..jpg/400px-Stanis%C5%82aw_Wojciechowski._Fotografia_portretowa..jpg)
Stanisław Wojciechowski
President of Poland
![Jadwiga of Poland](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Jadwiga_by_Bacciarelli.jpg/400px-Jadwiga_by_Bacciarelli.jpg)
Jadwiga of Poland
Queen of Poland
- Biskupski, M. B. The History of Poland. Greenwood, 2000. 264 pp. online edition
- Dabrowski, Patrice M. Poland: The First Thousand Years. Northern Illinois University Press, 2016. 506 pp. ISBN 978-0875807560
- Frucht, Richard. Encyclopedia of Eastern Europe: From the Congress of Vienna to the Fall of Communism Garland Pub., 2000 online edition
- Halecki, Oskar. History of Poland, New York: Roy Publishers, 1942. New York: Barnes and Noble, 1993, ISBN 0-679-51087-7
- Kenney, Padraic. "After the Blank Spots Are Filled: Recent Perspectives on Modern Poland," Journal of Modern History Volume 79, Number 1, March 2007 pp 134–61, historiography
- Kieniewicz, Stefan. History of Poland, Hippocrene Books, 1982, ISBN 0-88254-695-3
- Kloczowski, Jerzy. A History of Polish Christianity. Cambridge U. Pr., 2000. 385 pp.
- Lerski, George J. Historical Dictionary of Poland, 966–1945. Greenwood, 1996. 750 pp. online edition
- Leslie, R. F. et al. The History of Poland since 1863. Cambridge U. Press, 1980. 494 pp.
- Lewinski-Corwin, Edward Henry. The Political History of Poland (1917), well-illustrated; 650pp online at books.google.com
- Litwin Henryk, Central European Superpower, BUM , 2016.
- Pogonowski, Iwo Cyprian. Poland: An Illustrated History, New York: Hippocrene Books, 2000, ISBN 0-7818-0757-3
- Pogonowski, Iwo Cyprian. Poland: A Historical Atlas. Hippocrene, 1987. 321 pp.
- Radzilowski, John. A Traveller's History of Poland, Northampton, Massachusetts: Interlink Books, 2007, ISBN 1-56656-655-X
- Reddaway, W. F., Penson, J. H., Halecki, O., and Dyboski, R. (Eds.). The Cambridge History of Poland, 2 vols., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1941 (1697–1935), 1950 (to 1696). New York: Octagon Books, 1971 online edition vol 1 to 1696, old fashioned but highly detailed
- Roos, Hans. A History of Modern Poland (1966)
- Sanford, George. Historical Dictionary of Poland. Scarecrow Press, 2003. 291 pp.
- Wróbel, Piotr. Historical Dictionary of Poland, 1945–1996. Greenwood, 1998. 397 pp.
- Zamoyski, Adam. Poland: A History. Hippocrene Books, 2012. 426 pp. ISBN 978-0781813013