Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya

A cikin karni na 19, manyan kasashen Turai sun ci gaba da daidaita ma'aunin iko a tsakaninsu, wanda aka fi sani da Concert na Turai.Bayan 1848, an kalubalanci hakan da abubuwa daban-daban, ciki har da ficewar Biritaniya cikin abin da ake kira keɓe mai ban sha'awa, faduwar daular Usmaniyya da hawan Prussia a ƙarƙashin Otto von Bismarck.Yaƙin Austro-Prussian na 1866 ya kafa mulkin Prussian a Jamus, yayin da nasara a cikin 1870-1871 Yaƙin Franco-Prussian ya ba Bismarck damar haɗa jihohin Jamus zuwa daular Jamus a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Prussian.Bayan 1871, ƙirƙirar haɗin kai Reich, wanda aka goyan bayan biyan kuɗi na Faransanci da kuma shigar da Alsace-Lorraine, ya haifar da karuwar ƙarfin masana'antu na Jamus.Wilhelm II ya goyi bayan Admiral Alfred von Tirpitz ya nemi yin amfani da wannan don gina wani jirgin ruwa na Kaiserliche Marine, ko Navy na Jamus na Imperial, wanda zai iya yin gogayya da Rundunar Sojojin ruwa ta Burtaniya don samun fifikon sojojin ruwa na duniya.Masanin dabarun sojan ruwa na Amurka Alfred Thayer Mahan ya yi tasiri sosai a kansa, wanda ya ce mallakar sojojin ruwan ruwan blue na da matukar muhimmanci ga hasashen wutar lantarki a duniya.Shekarun da suka wuce 1914 sun kasance suna da jerin rikice-rikice a yankin Balkan yayin da sauran kasashe ke neman cin gajiyar faduwar Ottoman.Duk da yake Pan-Slavic da Orthodox Rasha sun dauki kansu a matsayin mai kare Serbia da sauran jihohin Slav, sun fi son tsarin Bosporus mai mahimmanci wanda gwamnatin Ottoman mai rauni ke sarrafa shi, maimakon ikon Slav mai kishi kamar Bulgaria.Tun da Rasha na da burinta a Gabashin Turkiyya kuma abokan cinikinsu suna da da'awar wuce gona da iri a yankin Balkan, daidaita su tsakanin masu tsara manufofin Rasha da kuma kara rashin zaman lafiya a yankin.Manyan Mahukunta sun nemi sake tabbatar da iko ta hanyar yarjejeniyar London ta 1913, wacce ta samar da Albaniya mai cin gashin kanta, yayin da ta fadada yankunan Bulgaria, Serbia, Montenegro da Girka .Sai dai takaddamar da aka yi tsakanin wadanda suka ci nasara ta haifar da yakin Balkan na kwanaki 33, lokacin da Bulgaria ta kai hari kan Serbia da Girka a ranar 16 ga Yuni 1913;An ci nasara a kanta, inda ta yi rashin nasara a hannun Sabiya da Girka, da kuma Kudancin Dobruja a hannun Romania.Sakamakon haka shi ne cewa ko da kasashen da suka ci gajiyar yakin Balkan , irin su Serbia da Girka, sun ji an yaudare su da "ribar da suka dace", yayin da Austriya ta nuna halin ko in kula da sauran kasashe ke kallon damuwarsu, ciki har da Jamus.Wannan hadadden hadadden bacin rai, kishin kasa da rashin tsaro na taimakawa wajen bayyana dalilin da ya sa aka san yankin Balkan kafin 1914 da sunan "foda na Turai".

Archduke Franz Ferdinand na Ostiriya, magajin gadon sarautar Austro-Hungary, da matarsa, Sophie, Duchess na Hohenberg, an kashe shi a ranar 28 ga Yuni 1914 da dalibin Bosnia dan Sabiya Gavrilo Princip, ya harbe shi kusa da kusa yayin da ake tuƙi ta hanyar Sarajevo, lardin. Babban birnin Bosnia-Herzegovina, wanda Ostiriya-Hungary ta mamaye a 1908.Manufar siyasar kisan gilla ita ce 'yantar da Bosnia da Herzegovina na mulkin Austria-Hungary da kuma kafa wata kasa ta Kudu Slav ("Yugoslavia").Kisan ya haifar da rikicin Yuli wanda ya kai ga Ostiriya-Hungary ta shelanta yaki kan Serbia da kuma farkon yakin duniya na daya.

Yunkurin mamayar da Jamus ta yi wa Belgium wani yaƙin neman zaɓe ne wanda aka fara a ranar 4 ga Agustan 1914. Tun da farko, a ranar 24 ga Yuli, gwamnatin Belgium ta ba da sanarwar cewa idan yaƙi ya zo za ta tabbatar da tsaka mai wuya.Gwamnatin Belgium ta tattara sojojinta a ranar 31 ga Yuli kuma an yi shelar faɗakarwa (Kriegsgefahr) a Jamus.A ranar 2 ga Agusta, gwamnatin Jamus ta aike da wa'adin zuwa Belgium, inda ta bukaci tsallakawa cikin kasar sannan sojojin Jamus suka mamaye Luxembourg.Bayan kwanaki biyu, gwamnatin Belgium ta ki amincewa da bukatun kuma gwamnatin Burtaniya ta ba da tabbacin tallafin soji ga Belgium.Gwamnatin Jamus ta shelanta yaki akan Belgium a ranar 4 ga watan Agusta;Sojojin Jamus sun tsallaka kan iyaka suka fara yakin Liege.Ayyukan sojojin Jamus a Belgium an yi niyya ne don kawo sojojin 1st, 2nd da 3rd zuwa matsayi a Belgium daga inda za su iya mamaye Faransa, wanda, bayan faduwar Liège a ranar 7 ga Agusta, ya kai ga kawas da katangar Belgian kusa da kogin Meuse a Namur. da kuma mika wuya na karshe garu (16-17 Agusta).Gwamnati ta yi watsi da babban birnin kasar, Brussels, a ranar 17 ga watan Agusta kuma bayan yakin kogin Gete, sojojin filin Belgium sun janye zuwa yamma zuwa National Redoubt a Antwerp a ranar 19 ga Agusta.An mamaye Brussels washegari kuma aka fara kai wa Namur hari a ranar 21 ga Agusta.Bayan yakin Mons da na Charleroi, yawancin sojojin Jamus sun yi tattaki zuwa kudu zuwa Faransa, inda suka bar kananan sojoji zuwa sansanin Brussels da kuma layin dogo na Belgium.Sashen na III Reserve Corps ya ci gaba zuwa yanki mai kagara a kusa da Antwerp kuma wani yanki na IV Reserve Corps ya karbi ragamar a Brussels.Sojojin filin Belgium sun yi nau'i-nau'i da yawa daga Antwerp a ƙarshen Agusta da Satumba don musgunawa sadarwar Jamusanci da kuma taimakawa Faransawa da Sojojin Baƙin Biritaniya (BEF), ta hanyar ajiye sojojin Jamus a Belgium.Janyewar sojojin Jamus don ƙarfafa manyan sojojin Faransa an dage shi don fatattakar wani sojan Belgian daga ranar 9 zuwa 13 ga Satumba kuma an ci gaba da yin jigilar Jamusawa a Belgium na kwanaki da yawa.Juriya na Belgium da tsoron Jamusanci na francs-tireurs, ya jagoranci Jamus don aiwatar da manufar ta'addanci (schrecklichkeit) kan fararen hula na Belgium jim kadan bayan mamayewa, wanda kisan kiyashi, kisa, garkuwa da kona garuruwa da kauyuka ya faru kuma ya zama. da aka sani da fyade na Belgium.

Yakin Togo (6–26 ga Agusta 1914) mamayewa ne na Faransa da Birtaniyya suka yi wa mulkin mallaka na Jamus na Togoland a Yammacin Afirka, wanda ya fara yakin Yammacin Afirka na yakin duniya na farko.Dakarun mulkin mallaka na Jamus sun janye daga Lomé babban birnin kasar da kuma lardin bakin teku domin yaki da jinkirin ayyuka a kan hanyar arewa zuwa Kamina, inda Kamina Funkstation (wayoyin watsawa mara waya) ya danganta gwamnati a Berlin zuwa Togoland, Atlantic da Kudancin Amirka.Babban sojojin Birtaniya da na Faransa daga yankunan da ke makwabtaka da Gold Coast da Dahomey sun taso daga gabar tekun har zuwa kan titi da layin dogo, yayin da kananan sojoji suka taru a kan Kamina daga arewa.Masu tsaron Jamus sun sami damar jinkirta maharan na kwanaki da yawa a lamarin Agbeluvoe (al'amari, wani aiki ko haɗin kai wanda bai isa ba da za a kira yaki) da kuma Al'amarin Khra amma sun mika mulkin mallaka a ranar 26 ga Agusta 1914. A cikin 1916. , Masu nasara sun raba Togoland kuma a cikin Yuli 1922, Togoland na Biritaniya da Togoland na Faransa an kafa su a matsayin wa'adin League of Nations.

Yakin da aka gwabza ya kunshi fadace-fadacen da aka gwabza a yankin gabacin Faransa da kuma kudancin kasar Belgium jim kadan bayan barkewar yakin duniya na farko.Yaƙe-yaƙe sun warware dabarun soja na Babban Hafsan Hafsoshin Faransa Janar Joseph Joffre tare da Shirin XVII da wani mummunan fassarar shirin tura Jamus Aufmarsch II na Helmuth von Moltke the Younger, maida hankali na Jamus a gefen dama (arewa) don motsawa ta hanyar. Belgium da kuma kai wa Faransa hari a baya.Yunkurin da sojojin Faransa na biyar (Janar Charles Lanrezac) suka yi zuwa arewa maso yamma ya jinkirta ci gaban Jamus don katse su da kasancewar sojojin Burtaniya (BEF) a gefen hagu na Faransa.Sojojin na Franco-British ne Jamusawa suka kora daga baya, wadanda suka sami damar mamaye arewacin Faransa.Ayyukan da Faransanci da na Birtaniya suka yi sun jinkirta Jamus, suna ba da damar Faransanci don canja wurin sojoji a kan iyakar gabas zuwa yamma don kareParis , wanda ya ƙare a yakin farko na Marne.

Yaƙin neman zaɓe na Atlantika na Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya shi ne yaƙin ruwa da aka daɗe a tsakanin jiragen ruwa na Jamus da sojojin ruwa na Allied a cikin ruwan Atlantika—tekuna da ke kewayen Tsibirin Biritaniya, Tekun Arewa da kuma bakin tekun Faransa.Da farko an shirya yaƙin neman zaɓe na U-boat a kan babban jirgin ruwa na Burtaniya.Daga baya an tsawaita aikin jiragen ruwa na U-boat don haɗawa da matakin yaƙi da hanyoyin kasuwanci na ƙasashen ƙawance.Wannan yaƙin neman zaɓe ya kasance mai ɓarna sosai, kuma ya haifar da asarar kusan rabin jiragen ruwan 'yan kasuwa na Biritaniya a lokacin yaƙin.Don magance jiragen ruwa na Jamus, Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyoyin Ƙwaƙwalwa sun tura jigilar kaya zuwa jerin gwanon motocin da masu lalata suke gadi, an sanya shinge kamar Dover Barrage da nakiyoyi, da kuma sintiri na jiragen sama suna kula da sansanonin jiragen ruwa na U-boat.Kamfen na U-boat bai iya yanke kayayyaki ba kafin Amurka ta shiga yakin a 1917 kuma a cikin 1918 daga baya, an yi watsi da sansanonin jiragen ruwa na U-Boat ta fuskar ci gaban Allied.Nasarorin dabara da gazawar yaƙin neman zaɓe na Atlantic U-boat Campaign daga baya za a yi amfani da su azaman tsarin dabarun da ake da su a yakin duniya na biyu a cikin irin wannan yaƙin U-boat da Daular Burtaniya.

Yakin Tannenberg, wanda aka fi sani da yakin Tannenberg na biyu, an gwabza tsakanin Rasha da Jamus tsakanin ranekun 26 zuwa 30 ga watan Agustan 1914, wato watan farko na yakin duniya na daya. Yakin da ya yi sanadin halakar da sojojin Rasha na biyu da na Rasha. kashe kansa na kwamandan Janar Alexander Samsonov.Yaƙe-yaƙe na farko (Tafkunan Masurian na farko) sun lalata yawancin Sojojin Farko kuma sun kiyaye Rashawa cikin daidaituwa har zuwa bazara na 1915.Yakin ya yi fice musamman ga zirga-zirgar jiragen kasa cikin sauri da Sojoji na takwas na Jamus suka yi, wanda ya ba su damar maida hankali kan kowanne daga cikin sojojin Rasha guda biyu, da farko ya jinkirta sojojin na farko sannan kuma suka lalata na biyu kafin su sake kunna ranakun farko.Har ila yau, wani abin lura shi ne yadda Rashawa suka gaza yin rufa-rufa a cikin sakwannin su na rediyo, inda suke watsa odar tattakinsu na yau da kullum a fili, wanda hakan ya bai wa Jamusawa damar yin motsi da kwarin gwiwar cewa ba za su kasance a gefe ba.Kusan sakamakon abin al'ajabi ya kawo babbar daraja ga Field Marshal Paul von Hindenburg da kuma babban jami'insa Erich Ludendorff.Kodayake yakin ya faru a kusa da Allenstein (Olsztyn), Hindenburg ya sanya masa suna bayan Tannenberg, mai nisan kilomita 30 (19 mi) zuwa yamma, domin ya rama cin nasarar Teutonic Knights a yakin farko na Tannenberg shekaru 500 da suka gabata.

Sifen Tsingtao (ko Tsingtau) shi ne harin daJapan da Birtaniya suka kai a tashar jiragen ruwa na Tsingtao (yanzu Qingdao) a kasar Sin a lokacin yakin duniya na daya.An kai wa Daular Jamus hari a tsakanin 27 ga Agusta zuwa 7 ga Nuwamba 1914. Sifen shi ne karo na farko tsakanin sojojin Japan da Jamus, aikin farko na Anglo-Japan na yakin, kuma babban yakin kasa daya tilo a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Asiya da Pacific. a lokacin yakin duniya na daya.

Yakin farko na Marne yaki ne na yakin duniya na farko daga ranar 5 zuwa 12 ga Satumban 1914. An gwabza fada cikin tarin fadace-fadace a kusa da kwarin Marne.Ya haifar da nasarar Entente a kan sojojin Jamus a yamma.Yakin dai shi ne karshen koma bayan da aka yi daga Mons da kuma bin sojojin Franco-British wadanda suka biyo bayan yakin da aka yi a gabas a watan Agusta kuma suka isa wajen gabashinbirnin Paris .Field Marshal Sir John Faransanci, kwamandan Rundunar Sojojin Biritaniya (BEF), ya fara shirin yin cikakken ficewa daga Birtaniyya zuwa garuruwan tashar jiragen ruwa a tashar Turancin Ingilishi don gudun hijira cikin gaggawa.Gwamnan soji na birnin Paris, Joseph Simon Gallieni, ya bukaci bangarorin Franco-British su tunkari Jamusawan da ke gabar kogin Marne tare da dakatar da ci gaban Jamus.Wuraren ajiyar Entente zai dawo da martaba kuma ya kai hari ga gefen Jamus.A ranar 5 ga Satumba, an fara kai hare-hare daga sojojin Faransa shida da na Biritaniya Expeditionary Force (BEF).A ranar 9 ga Satumba, nasarar da Franco-Birtaniya suka yi na kai hari ya bar sojojin Jamus na 1 da na 2 cikin haɗarin kewaye, kuma an umarce su da su koma kogin Aisne.Sojojin da suka ja da baya Faransawa da Birtaniya ne suka bi su.Sojojin Jamus sun daina ja da baya bayan mil 40 (kilomita 65) akan layi a arewacin kogin Aisne, inda suka haƙa a kan tudu kuma suka yi yaƙin farko na Aisne.Komawar da Jamus ta yi daga ranar 9 zuwa 13 ga watan Satumba ta kawo karshen yunkurin fatattakar Faransa ta hanyar murkushe sojojin Faransa tare da mamayewa daga arewacin kasar ta Beljiyam da kuma kudancin kasar kan iyakar kasashen biyu.Bangarorin biyu sun fara gudanar da ayyukan raba-gardama don lullube bangaren arewa na abokan hamayyarsu, a wani abin da aka fi sani da Race to the Sea wanda ya kai ga yakin farko na Ypres.

Race zuwa Teku ya faru ne daga kimanin 17 ga Satumba - 19 ga Oktoba 1914 a lokacin yakin duniya na farko, bayan yakin makiya (7 ga Agusta - 13 ga Satumba) da kuma ci gaban Jamus zuwa Faransa.An dakatar da mamayewa a Yaƙin Farko na Marne (5-12 Satumba) kuma Yaƙin Farko na Aisne (13-28 Satumba) ya biyo bayansa, wani hari na Franco-British.Kalmar ta bayyana yunƙurin cin karo da sojojin Franco-British da na Jamus don lulluɓe gefen arewa na sojojin da ke adawa da juna ta lardunan Picardy, Artois da Flanders, maimakon ƙoƙarin ci gaba da zuwa arewa zuwa teku."Tseren" ya ƙare a gabar Tekun Arewa na Belgium a kusa da 19 ga Oktoba, lokacin da filin budewa na ƙarshe daga Diksmuide zuwa Tekun Arewa ya kasance da sojojin Belgium waɗanda suka ja da baya bayan Siege na Antwerp (28 Satumba - 10 Oktoba).Yunkurin yunƙurin ya haifar da fafatawa da dama amma babu wani bangare da ya sami nasarar yin nasara.Bayan sojojin da ke gaba da juna sun isa Tekun Arewa, dukkansu sun yi kokarin gudanar da hare-haren da suka kai ga yakin Yser mai tsadar gaske da kuma rashin yanke hukunci daga 16 ga Oktoba zuwa 2 ga Nuwamba da yakin farko na Ypres daga 19 ga Oktoba zuwa 22 ga Nuwamba.A cikin lokacin sanyi, sojojin Faransa sun kafa tushen ka'ida na yakin basasa, wanda ya samo asali da yawa daga cikin hanyoyin da suka zama daidaitattun sauran yakin.Dabarun kutsawa, wanda tarwatsewar tsarin sojan ya kasance tare da nettoyeurs de tranchée (masu tsabtace ramuka), don kama manyan wuraren da aka wuce da su.Binciken manyan bindigogi daga jiragen sama da masu rarrafe, an fara amfani da su cikin tsari a cikin Yaƙin Artois na biyu daga 9 ga Mayu zuwa 18 ga Yuni 1915. Falkenhayn ya ba da sanarwar a ranar 7 da 25 ga Janairu 1915, don gudanar da yaƙin tsaro a Yammacin Gabar Yamma, a cikin abin da gaban da ake ciki ya kasance. za a karfafa layin kuma a ci gaba da rike shi har abada tare da ’yan tsirarun sojoji, don ba da damar a tura karin rarrabuwa zuwa Gabashin Gabas.Za a gina sabbin tsare-tsare a bayan layin gaba don ɗaukar nasara har sai an dawo da matsayin ta hanyar kai hari.Westheer ya fara babban aikin gina katangar filin, wanda ba a kammala ba sai kaka na 1915.

Yaƙin farko na Ypres yaƙi ne na Yaƙin Duniya na Farko, wanda aka yi yaƙi a Gaban Yammacin Turai da ke kewayen Ypres, a West Flanders, Belgium.Yakin ya kasance wani bangare ne na yakin Flanders na farko, inda sojojin Jamus, Faransa, Belgium da kuma sojojin Burtaniya (BEF) suka yi yaki daga Arras na Faransa zuwa Nieuwpoort (Nieuport) a gabar tekun Belgian, daga 10 ga Oktoba zuwa tsakiyar Nuwamba.Yakin da aka yi a Ypres ya fara ne a karshen tseren zuwa Teku, yunkurin da sojojin Jamus da na Faransa na Birtaniya suka yi na ci gaba da wuce yankin arewa na abokan hamayyarsu.Arewacin Ypres, an ci gaba da gwabzawa a yakin Yser (16-31 Oktoba), tsakanin sojojin Jamus na 4, sojojin Belgium da sojojin Faransa.An raba fadan zuwa matakai biyar, gamuwa da yaki daga 19 zuwa 21 ga Oktoba, Yakin Langemarck daga 21 zuwa 24 ga Oktoba, fadace-fadacen da aka yi a La Bassée da Armentières zuwa 2 ga Nuwamba, wanda ya yi daidai da karin hare-haren Allied a Ypres da yakin na Gheluvelt (29-31 Oktoba), mataki na huɗu tare da babban harin Jamus na ƙarshe, wanda ya ƙare a Yaƙin Nonne Bosschen a ranar 11 ga Nuwamba, sannan ayyukan gida waɗanda suka shuɗe a ƙarshen Nuwamba.Birgediya-Janar James Edmonds, masanin tarihi na Biritaniya, ya rubuta a cikin Tarihin Babban Yaƙin, cewa za a iya ɗaukar yaƙin II Corps a La Bassée a matsayin daban amma yaƙe-yaƙe daga Armentières zuwa Messines da Ypres, sun fi fahimtar yaƙi ɗaya. a sassa biyu, wani hari na III Corps da sojojin dawakai daga 12 zuwa 18 ga Oktoba wanda Jamusawa suka yi ritaya da kuma harin da sojojin Jamus na 6 da na 4th suka kai daga 19 ga Oktoba zuwa 2 ga Nuwamba, wanda daga 30 ga Oktoba, ya faru ne musamman arewa. na Lys, lokacin da yaƙe-yaƙe na Armentières da Messines suka haɗu da yaƙe-yaƙe na Ypres.Yakin da aka yi tsakanin rundunonin sojoji, dauke da makaman juyin juya halin masana'antu da ci gabansa daga baya, ya zama mara yanke hukunci, saboda katangar filin ta kawar da nau'ikan makamai masu yawa.Ƙarfin wuta na karewa na manyan bindigogi da bindigogi sun mamaye fagen fama da kuma ikon da sojojin ke da shi na wadata kansu da kuma maye gurbin da aka dade ana gwabzawa na tsawon makonni.Bangarorin 34 na Jamus sun yi yaƙi a cikin fadace-fadacen Flanders, da Faransawa goma sha biyu, ƴan Burtaniya tara da na Belgium shida, tare da sojojin ruwa da dawakai.A cikin lokacin sanyi, Falkenhayn ya sake duba dabarun Jamus saboda tsarin Vernichtungs da kuma kafa tsarin zaman lafiya a Faransa da Rasha sun wuce albarkatun Jamus.Falkenhayn ya kirkiro da wata sabuwar dabara don kawar da Rasha ko Faransa daga kawancen kawance ta hanyar diflomasiyya da kuma daukar matakan soja.Dabarar tada hankali (Ermattungsstrategie) zai sa kudin yakin ya yi yawa ga Allies, har sai daya ya fita ya yi zaman lafiya na daban.Sai dai sauran masu fafutuka su tattauna ko kuma su fuskanci Jamusawa da suka mayar da hankali kan sauran fafutuka, wanda hakan zai wadatar da Jamus ta kai ga gallazawa.

Yarjejeniyar Kirsimeti (Jamus: Weihnachtsfrieden; Faransanci: Trêve de Noël; Yaren mutanen Holland: Kerstbestand) wani jerin tsagaita wuta ne da ba na hukuma ba tare da Yammacin Gaba na Yaƙin Duniya na Farko a kusa da Kirsimeti 1914.An dai yi zaman sulhun ne watanni biyar bayan an fara tashin hankali.Lulls ya faru ne a cikin fadan yayin da sojoji suka kare mazaje da alburusai kuma kwamandojin suka sake duba dabarunsu biyo bayan takun-saka na tseren teku da kuma sakamakon rashin yanke hukunci na Yakin farko na Ypres.A cikin makon da ya gabato zuwa ranar 25 ga Disamba, sojojin Faransa, Jamus da Birtaniyya sun tsallaka ramuka don musayar gaisuwa da tattaunawa.A wasu yankuna, maza daga bangarorin biyu sun kutsa kai cikin kasar ba kowa a jajibirin Kirsimeti da ranar Kirsimeti don hadawa da musayar abinci da abubuwan tunawa.An gudanar da bukukuwan jana'izar hadin gwiwa da musayar fursunoni, yayin da aka kammala tarurruka da dama a cikin wake-wake.Maza sun buga wasanni na ƙwallon ƙafa tare da juna, suna ƙirƙirar ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun hotuna na sasantawa.An ci gaba da gwabza fada a wasu sassan, yayin da a wasu bangarorin suka zauna da kadan fiye da shirye-shiryen kwato gawarwakin.A shekara mai zuwa, wasu 'yan raka'a sun shirya tsagaita wuta amma sulhun bai kusan yaduwa kamar na 1914 ba;wannan ya kasance, a wani bangare, saboda umarni mai karfi daga kwamandoji, da hana sasantawa.Sojoji ba su da ikon yin sulhu kafin 1916;Yaƙin ya ƙara daɗa ɗaci bayan hasarar ɗan adam da aka sha a yaƙin 1915.

Yakin Sinai da Falasdinu na gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Gabas ta Tsakiya na Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya, tawayen Larabawa da Daular Biritaniya sun yi yaƙi da Daular Usmaniyya da ƙawayenta na Imperial Jamus.An fara ne da yunkurin da Ottoman ya yi na kai farmaki kan mashigin Suez a shekarar 1915, kuma ya kare da sojojin Mudros a shekarar 1918, wanda ya kai ga kawo karshen mulkin Ottoman Syria.Gabaɗaya yaƙin neman zaɓe ba a san shi ba ko kuma an fahimce shi a lokacin yaƙin.A Biritaniya, jama'a sun yi la'akari da shi a matsayin ƙaramin aiki, ɓarnatar da albarkatu masu daraja wanda zai fi dacewa da kashewa a Gabashin Yamma, yayin da mutanen Indiya suka fi sha'awar yaƙin Mesopotamiya da mamaye Bagadaza.Ostiraliya ba ta da wakilin yaki a yankin har sai Kyaftin Frank Hurley, mai daukar hoto na farko na Australiya, ya isa a watan Agustan 1917 bayan ya ziyarci Western Front.Henry Gullett, mai ba da rahoto na Yaƙi na Farko, ya zo a cikin Nuwamba 1917.Tasirin wannan kamfen na dogon lokaci shi ne Rabewar Daular Usmaniyya, lokacin da Faransa ta ci wa Syria da Lebanon wa’adi, yayin da daular Birtaniyya ta yi nasara a kan Mesofotamiya da Falasdinu.Jamhuriyar Turkiyya ta kafu ne a shekara ta 1923 bayan yakin 'yancin kai na Turkiyya ya kawo karshen daular Usmaniyya.Wa'adin Turawa ya ƙare tare da kafa daular Iraki a 1932, Jamhuriyar Lebanon a 1943, Isra'ila a 1948, da Masarautar Hashemite ta Transjordan da Jamhuriyar Larabawa ta Siriya a 1946.

Yaƙin na Gallipoli wani yaƙin neman zaɓe ne na soja a yakin duniya na farko wanda ya gudana a yankin Gallipoli (Gelibolu a Turkiyya ta zamani), daga 17 ga Fabrairu 1915 zuwa 9 ga Janairu 1916. Ƙungiyoyin Entente, Ingila , Faransa da Rasha , sun nemi su raunana Ottoman. Empire , daya daga cikin Tsakiya Powers, ta hanyar daukar iko da Ottoman matsuguni.Wannan zai fallasa babban birnin Ottoman a Konstantinoful ga harin bama-bamai da jiragen yakin kawancen ke yi da kuma yanke shi daga yankin Asiya na daular.Da Turkiyya ta sha kashi, mashigar ruwa ta Suez za ta kasance lafiya kuma za a iya bude hanyar samar da kayayyaki ta Allied na tsawon shekara guda ta cikin Bahar Black zuwa tashoshin ruwan dumi a Rasha.Ƙoƙarin da jiragen ruwa na Allied suka yi don tilasta hanyar wucewa ta Dardanelles a watan Fabrairun 1915 ya ci tura kuma ya biyo bayan saukar amphibious a tsibirin Gallipoli a cikin Afrilu 1915. A cikin Janairu 1916, bayan watanni takwas na yakin, tare da kimanin 250,000 da aka kashe a kowane bangare. an yi watsi da kamfen ɗin ƙasar, an kuma janye sojojin mamaya.Yaƙin neman zaɓe ne mai tsada ga ikon Entente da Daular Ottoman, da kuma ga masu ɗaukar nauyin balaguron, musamman Ubangijin Farko na Admiralty (1911–1915), Winston Churchill.An dauki yakin a matsayin babban nasara na Ottoman.A Turkiyya, ana daukarta a matsayin wani lokaci mai ma'ana a tarihin kasar, matakin karshe na kare kasar uwa yayin da Daular Usmaniyya ta ja da baya.Gwagwarmayar dai ta zama tushen yakin samun ‘yancin kai na Turkiyya da ayyana Jamhuriyar Turkiyya bayan shekaru takwas, inda Mustafa Kemal Ataturk wanda ya yi fice a matsayin kwamanda a Gallipoli a matsayin wanda ya assasa kuma shugaban kasa.

Jirgin ruwan RMS Lusitania jirgin ruwa ne mai rijistar Burtaniya wanda wani jirgin ruwan sojan ruwan Jamus na Imperial ya kona a lokacin yakin duniya na farko a ranar 7 ga Mayu 1915, kimanin mil 11 na ruwa (kilomita 20) daga tsohon Shugaban Kinsale, Ireland.An kai harin ne a yankin da aka shelanta yakin ruwa da ke kewayen Birtaniya, jim kadan bayan yakin basasa na karkashin ruwa da Jamus ta sanar da jiragen ruwa na Birtaniya ba tare da kakkautawa ba, bayan da dakarun kawancen suka aiwatar da wani shingen shingen jiragen ruwa a kanta da kuma sauran kasashen tsakiyar kasar.An gargadi fasinjojin kafin su tashi daga New York game da hadarin da ke tattare da shiga yankin a cikin wani jirgin ruwa na Burtaniya.U-20 ne Kapitänleutnant Walther Schwieger ya ba da umarnin kai hari kan Jirgin Cunard.Bayan da guguwar guda daya ta afku, fashewa ta biyu ta afku a cikin jirgin, inda daga bisani ta nutse cikin mintuna 18 kacal.Nitsewar ta koma ra'ayin jama'a a kasashe da dama a kan Jamus.Har ila yau, ya ba da gudummawa ga shigar Amurka cikin yakin shekaru biyu bayan haka;an yi amfani da hotunan jirgin da ya fashe a cikin farfagandar Amurka da yakin neman aikin soja.

Babban Komawa shine ficewa dabarun yaƙi a Gabashin Gabashin Yaƙin Duniya na 1 a 1915. Sojojin Rasha na Imperial sun ba da fifiko a Galicia da Poland.Sojojin Rasha da ba su da kayan aiki sosai da kuma (a wuraren haɗin gwiwa) dakaru da yawa sun yi asara mai yawa a cikin hare-haren rani na tsakiyar watan Yuli-Satumba, wanda hakan ya kai ga Stavka ya ba da umarnin janyewa don rage layin gaba da guje wa yuwuwar kewayewa. na manyan sojojin Rasha a cikin salient.Yayin da janyewar da kansa ya yi da kyau sosai, ya kasance mummunan rauni ga halin Rasha.

An yi yakin Verdun daga ranar 21 ga Fabrairu zuwa 18 ga Disamba 1916 a Gabashin Yamma a Faransa.Yakin shine mafi tsawo a yakin duniya na farko kuma ya faru ne a kan tsaunukan arewacin Verdun-sur-Meuse.Sojojin Jamus na 5 sun kai hari kan kariyar Yankin Garu na Verdun (RFV, Région Fortifiée de Verdun) da na Sojojin Faransa na Biyu a hannun dama (gabas) bankin Meuse.Yin amfani da kwarewar yakin Champagne na biyu a 1915, Jamusawa sun yi shirin kama Meuse Heights, matsayi mai kyau na tsaro, tare da kyakkyawan kallo don harbin bindiga a Verdun.Jamusawan dai sun yi fatan Faransawa za su yi tanadin dabarunsu don kwato wannan matsayi da kuma yin hasarar bala'i a kan Jamusawa.

Yakin Jutland yakin ruwa ne da aka gwabza tsakanin Rundunar Sojojin Ruwa ta Biritaniya, karkashin Admiral Sir John Jellicoe, da Rundunar Sojojin Ruwa ta Jamus ta Imperial, karkashin Mataimakin Admiral Reinhard Scheer, a lokacin yakin duniya na farko.Yaƙin ya ɓarke ​​cikin ɗaiɗaiɗai mai yawa da manyan ayyuka guda uku (aikin yaƙin yaƙi, aikin jirgin ruwa da aikin dare), daga 31 ga Mayu zuwa 1 ga Yuni 1916, kusa da Tekun Arewa na Yankin Jutland na Denmark.Ya kasance mafi girma na yaƙin ruwa kuma shi ne karo na gaba ɗaya tilo na jiragen yaƙi a wannan yaƙin.Jutland ita ce mataki na uku na jiragen ruwa tsakanin jiragen ruwa na karfe, bayan yakin Tekun Yellow a 1904 da kuma yakin Tsushima mai mahimmanci a 1905, a lokacin yakin Russo-Japan .Jutland ita ce yaƙin ƙarshe na ƙarshe a tarihin duniya wanda aka gwabza da jiragen yaƙi.

Tawayen Larabawa wani yunkuri ne na soji na sojojin Larabawa kan Daular Usmaniyya a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Gabas ta Tsakiya na yakin duniya na daya. A bisa tushen McMahon-Hussein Correspondence, yarjejeniya tsakanin gwamnatin Birtaniya da Hussein bin Ali, Sharif na Makka, An fara tawaye a hukumance a Makka a ranar 10 ga Yuni, 1916. Manufar wannan tawaye ita ce samar da kasa daya dunkulewar kasa ta Larabawa mai cin gashin kanta tun daga Aleppo na kasar Siriya zuwa Aden na kasar Yemen, wadda turawan Ingila suka yi alkawarin amincewa da su.Dakarun Sharifiya karkashin jagorancin Hussein da Hashimiyawa tare da samun goyon bayan soja daga rundunar sojojinMasar ta Biritaniya, sun yi nasarar yaki tare da korar sojojin daular Usmaniyya daga mafi yawan yankunan Hejaz da Transjordan.Tawayen daga karshe suka kwace Damascus suka kafa daular larabawa ta kasar Syria, sarautar da ba ta dadewa ba karkashin jagorancin Faisal dan Husaini.Bayan yerjejeniyar Sykes–Picot, daga baya turawan ingila da Faransa suka raba Gabas ta tsakiya zuwa yankunan da aka ba da izini a maimakon hadakar kasashen larabawa, sannan turawan ingila sun yi watsi da alkawarin da suka yi na marawa kasar larabawa hadin kai.

Yakin Somme, wanda aka fi sani da Somme, yaki ne na yakin duniya na farko da sojojin daular Biritaniya da jamhuriya ta uku ta Faransa suka yi da daular Jamus.Ya faru tsakanin 1 ga Yuli da 18 ga Nuwamba 1916 a bangarorin biyu na saman kogin Somme, kogin Faransa.An yi yakin ne domin a gaggauta samun nasara ga kawancen.Sama da mutane miliyan uku ne suka gwabza a yakin kuma an raunata ko kuma aka kashe mutum miliyan daya, wanda hakan ya sa ya kasance daya daga cikin fadace-fadace mafi muni a tarihin dan Adam.Faransawa da Birtaniyya sun sadaukar da kansu wajen kai hari kan Somme a lokacin taron Chantilly a watan Disamba na 1915. Ƙungiyoyin ƙawance sun amince da dabarun haɗa kai hare-hare a kan Tsakiyar Tsakiyar a 1916 ta sojojin Faransa, Rasha, Birtaniya da Italiya, tare da Somme. m a matsayin gudunmawar Franco-British.Shirye-shiryen farko sun yi kira ga sojojin Faransa su dauki babban bangare na harin Somme, wanda ke tallafawa a gefen arewa da Rundunar Sojoji ta Hudu ta Sojojin Biritaniya (BEF).Lokacin da Sojojin Jamus na Imperial suka fara yakin Verdun akan Meuse a ranar 21 ga Fabrairu 1916, kwamandojin Faransa sun karkatar da yawancin sassan da aka yi niyya don Somme kuma harin "tallafawa" na Burtaniya ya zama babban ƙoƙari.Sojojin Birtaniyya da ke Somme sun hada da gaurayawan ragowar sojojin kafin yakin, Rundunar Territorial Force da kuma Kitchener's Army, rundunar masu sa kai na lokacin yaki.A karshen yakin, sojojin Birtaniya da na Faransa sun kutsa cikin mil 6 (kilomita 10) zuwa yankin da Jamus ta mamaye tare da yawancin gaba, mafi girman yankin da suka samu tun yakin farko na Marne a 1914. Manufar aiki na Sojojin Anglo-Faransa ba su cika ba, saboda sun kasa kama Péronne da Bapaume, inda sojojin Jamus suka ci gaba da zama a lokacin hunturu.Hare-haren Birtaniya a cikin kwarin Ancre sun sake komawa a cikin Janairu 1917 kuma sun tilasta wa Jamusawa shiga cikin gida don yin ajiyar layi a watan Fabrairu kafin lokacin da aka shirya yi ritaya da kimanin mil 25 (kilomita 40) a Operation Alberich zuwa Siegfriedstellung (Layin Hindenburg) a cikin Maris 1917. Ana ci gaba da muhawara. akan wajibci, mahimmanci da tasirin yaƙin.

Zimmermann Telegram wata hanyar sadarwa ce ta diflomasiya ta sirri da aka fitar daga Ofishin Harkokin Wajen Jamus a cikin Janairu 1917 wanda ya ba da shawarar kawancen soja tsakanin Jamus da Mexico idan Amurka ta shiga yakin duniya na daya da Jamus.Mexico za ta dawo da Texas, Arizona, da New Mexico.Jami'an leken asirin Birtaniyya ne suka katse wayar tare da cire lambar.Bayyana abubuwan da ke ciki ya fusata Amurkawa, musamman bayan Sakataren Harkokin Wajen Jamus Arthur Zimmermann ya yarda a bainar jama'a a ranar 3 ga Maris cewa telegram na gaskiya ne.Ya taimaka wajen samar da goyon baya ga ayyana yaki da Amurka ta yi kan Jamus a watan Afrilu.An bayyana ɓarna a matsayin mafi girman nasarar leken asirin da Birtaniyya ta samu a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya, kuma ɗaya daga cikin lokutan farko da wani ɗan leƙen asiri na siginar ya yi tasiri ga abubuwan duniya.

Amurka ta shiga yakin duniya na daya a watan Afrilun 1917, fiye da shekaru biyu da rabi da fara yakin a Turai.Baya ga wani nau'in Anglophile da ke kira da goyon baya da wuri ga Birtaniya da kuma wani bangare na anti-Tsarist da ke nuna tausayi ga yakin Jamus da Rasha, ra'ayin jama'a na Amurka ya nuna sha'awar ficewa daga yakin: ra'ayi na tsaka-tsakin ya kasance mai karfi a tsakanin Amirkawa Irish. Ba'amurke Jamusawa, da Amurkawan Scandinavia, da kuma tsakanin shugabannin coci da mata baki ɗaya.A wani ɓangare kuma, tun kafin Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya ya barke, ra’ayin Amirka gabaɗaya ya fi muni ga Jamus fiye da kowace ƙasa a Turai.A tsawon lokaci, musamman bayan rahotannin ta'asar Jamus a Belgium a shekara ta 1914 da kuma bayan nutsewar jirgin saman fasinja RMS Lusitania a 1915, Amirkawa sun ƙara ganin Jamus a matsayin mai cin zali a Turai.Yayin da ƙasar ke cikin zaman lafiya, bankunan Amurka sun ba da rance mai yawa ga ikon Entente, waɗanda aka fi amfani da su don siyan alburusai, albarkatun ƙasa, da abinci daga ko'ina cikin Tekun Atlantika.Ko da yake Woodrow Wilson ya yi shirye-shirye kaɗan don yaƙin ƙasa kafin 1917, ya ba da izinin shirin gina jirgin ruwa ga sojojin ruwa na Amurka.An sake zaben shugaban kasa da kyar a shekara ta 1916 akan dandalin yaki da yaki.Jamus ta kuma yi tayin asirce don taimakawa Mexico ta dawo da yankunan da suka ɓace a Yaƙin Mexiko-Amurka a cikin wani ɓoye na wayar tarho da aka fi sani da Zimmermann Telegram, wanda leken asirin Burtaniya ya kama shi.Buga waccan sanarwar ta harzuka Amurkawa a daidai lokacin da jiragen ruwa na Jamus suka fara nutsewa da jiragen ruwan Amurkawa a yankin Arewacin Tekun Atlantika.Wilson ya nemi Majalisa don "yaƙi don kawo ƙarshen yaƙe-yaƙe" wanda zai "sayar da duniya lafiya ga dimokuradiyya", kuma Majalisa ta kada kuri'a don ayyana yaki a kan Jamus a ranar 6 ga Afrilu, 1917. Sojojin Amurka sun fara manyan hare-haren yaki a Yammacin Gabar karkashin Janar. John J. Pershing a lokacin rani na 1918.

Rikicin Sojojin Faransa na 1917 ya faru tsakanin sojojin Faransa a Gabashin Yamma a Arewacin Faransa a lokacin yakin duniya na daya. Sun fara ne bayan yakin Aisne na biyu da bai yi nasara ba, babban mataki a harin Nivelle a watan Afrilu 1917. Sabon Kwamandan sojojin Faransa a Faransa, Janar Robert Nivelle ya yi alkawarin samun gagarumin nasara a kan Jamusawa cikin sa'o'i 48;halin da ake ciki a cikin sojojin Faransa ya tashi sosai kuma girgizar rashin nasara ya yi zafi a cikin dare.Tashe-tashen hankula da rikice-rikicen da ke da alaƙa sun haɗa da, zuwa digiri daban-daban, kusan rabin rukunin sojojin Faransa da aka jibge a Gaban Yammacin Turai.Kalmar “mutiny” ba ta bayyana ainihin abubuwan da suka faru ba;sojoji sun kasance a cikin ramuka kuma suna shirye su kare amma sun ki ba da umarnin kai hari.An kori Nivelle tare da maye gurbinsa da Janar Philippe Pétain, wanda ya dawo da hankali ta hanyar yin magana da mutanen, tare da yin alkawarin ba za a sake kai hare-haren kunar bakin wake ba, ba da hutu da hutu ga sassan da suka gaji da daidaitawa.Ya gudanar da kotuna na soji 3,400 inda aka yankewa mahara 554 hukuncin kisa sannan aka kashe 26.Abin da ya haifar da masu kisan kiyashi shi ne tsananin kyakkyawan fata da yanke fata na Nivelle Offensive, pacifism (wanda juyin juya halin Rasha da ƙungiyoyin ƙwadago suka zaburar da shi) da rashin jin daɗi ga rashin isowar sojojin Amurka.Sojojin Faransa da ke gaba sun yi tsammanin cewa sojojin Amurka za su iso cikin kwanaki da ayyana yaki a Amurka.An ɓoye ɓarna daga Jamusawa kuma ba a bayyana cikakken iyakarsu ba sai bayan shekaru da yawa.An bayyana gazawar Jamus wajen gano 'yan ta'addar a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan gazawar leken asirin yakin.

Yaƙin Ypres na uku, wanda kuma aka fi sani da Yaƙin Passchendaele, yaƙin neman zaɓe ne na Yaƙin Duniya na Farko, wanda ƙawance suka yi yaƙi da Daular Jamus.An gwabza yaƙin ne a Yammacin Gabar Yamma, daga Yuli zuwa Nuwamba 1917, don iko da tsaunukan kudu da gabas na birnin Ypres na ƙasar Beljiyam a West Flanders, a matsayin wani ɓangare na dabarun da Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyoyin suka yanke shawara a taron a watan Nuwamba 1916 da Mayu 1917. Passchendaele yana kan tudu ta ƙarshe a gabashin Ypres, mil 5 (kilomita 8.0) daga Roulers (yanzu Roeselare), mahaɗar titin jirgin ƙasa na Bruges-(Brugge) zuwa-Kortrijk.Tashar da ke Roulers tana kan babbar hanyar samar da kayan aikin soja ta 4 ta Jamus.Da zarar an kama Passchendaele Ridge, ƙungiyar Allied ta ci gaba zuwa layi daga Thourout (yanzu Torhout) zuwa Couckelaere (Koekelare).

Yakin Caporetto (wanda aka fi sani da Yaƙin Isonzo na sha biyu, Yaƙin Kobarid ko Yaƙin Karfreit) yaƙi ne a gaban ƙasar Italiya a yakin duniya na ɗaya.An gwabza yakin tsakaninMasarautar Italiya da Tsakiyar Tsakiyar kasar kuma an yi yakin ne daga ranar 24 ga Oktoba zuwa 19 ga Nuwamba 1917, kusa da garin Kobarid (yanzu a arewa maso yammacin Slovenia, sannan wani bangare na Litattafan Australiya).An yi wa yakin suna ne da sunan Italiyanci na garin (wanda kuma ake kira Karfreit a Jamus).Sojojin Austro-Hungary, da dakarun Jamus suka ƙarfafa su, sun sami damar kutsawa cikin fagen daga Italiya tare da fatattakar sojojin Italiyan da ke adawa da su.Yakin ya kasance nuni ne na tasiri na amfani da mayaƙan guguwa da kuma dabarun kutse da Oskar von Hutier ya ɓullo da wani ɓangare.Haka nan amfani da iskar guba da Jamusawa suka yi ya taka rawa wajen rugujewar sojojin Italiya ta biyu.

Juyin Juyin Oktoba, wanda kuma aka sani da juyin juya halin Bolshevik, juyin juya hali ne a Rasha karkashin jagorancin Bolshevik Party na Vladimir Lenin wanda shine muhimmin lokaci a cikin babban juyin juya halin Rasha na 1917-1923.Shi ne karo na biyu na juyin juya hali na gwamnati a Rasha a shekara ta 1917. Ya faru ta hanyar tawaye da makamai a Petrograd (yanzu Saint Petersburg) a ranar 7 ga Nuwamba 1917. Wannan shi ne abin da ya faru na yakin basasa na Rasha .Abubuwan da suka faru sun zo kan gaba a cikin faɗuwar rana yayin da Directorate, karkashin jagorancin jam'iyyar Socialist Revolutionary Party, ke iko da gwamnati.'Yan Bolshevik na hagu ba su ji dadin gwamnati ba, kuma sun fara yada kiraye-kirayen tayar da sojoji.A ranar 10 ga Oktoban 1917, Tarayyar Soviet ta Petrograd, karkashin jagorancin Trotsky, ta kada kuri'ar goyon bayan wani boren soja.A ranar 24 ga Oktoba, gwamnati ta rufe jaridu da dama tare da rufe birnin Petrograd a wani yunƙuri na hana juyin juya hali;kananan rigingimun dauke da makamai sun barke.Washegari wani gagarumin tashin hankali ya barke yayin da rundunar sojojin ruwa na Bolshevik suka shiga tashar jiragen ruwa kuma dubun dubatar sojoji suka tashi don nuna goyon bayansu ga Bolshevik.Dakarun Red Guards na Bolshevik a karkashin kwamitin soja da juyin juya hali sun fara mamaye gine-ginen gwamnati a ranar 25 ga Oktoba 1917. Washegari, an kama fadar ta lokacin sanyi.Da yake ba a san juyin juya halin Musulunci a duniya ba, kasar ta fada cikin yakin basasar Rasha, wanda zai ci gaba har zuwa shekarar 1923 kuma daga karshe ya kai ga kafa Tarayyar Soviet a karshen shekarar 1922.

Yakin Cambrai wani hari ne da Birtaniyya suka kai a yakin duniya na farko, sannan ya biyo bayan hari mafi girma da Jamus ta kai wa Sojojin Biritaniya (BEF) tun daga shekarar 1914. Garin Cambrai, da ke yankin Nord, ya kasance muhimmiyar cibiyar samar da kayayyaki ga kasar. Siegfriedstellung na Jamus (wanda Biritaniya ta sani da Layin Hindenburg) da kuma kama garin da Bourlon Ridge na kusa zai yi barazana ga bayan layin Jamus zuwa arewa.Manjo Janar Henry Tudor, Kwamanda, Royal Artillery (CRA), na Sashen 9th (Scottish), ya ba da shawarar yin amfani da sabbin dabarun bindigu a kan sashen sa na gaba.A lokacin shirye-shiryen, JFC Fuller, jami'in ma'aikacin Tank Corps, ya nemi wuraren da za a yi amfani da tankuna don kai farmaki.Janar Julian Byng, kwamandan runduna ta uku, ya yanke shawarar hada dukkan tsare-tsare.Sojojin Faransa da na Biritaniya sun yi amfani da tankunan yaki da yawa a baya a cikin 1917, kodayake ba su da tasiri sosai.Bayan babban nasarar Birtaniyya a ranar farko, rashin dogaron injina, manyan bindigogi na Jamus da kariyar sojojin sun fallasa raunin tankin Mark IV.A rana ta biyu, kusan rabin tankuna ne kawai ke aiki kuma ci gaban Birtaniyya ya iyakance.A cikin Tarihin Babban Yaƙin, masanin tarihi na Biritaniya Wilfrid Miles da malaman zamani ba sa ba da daraja ta musamman ga rana ta farko a kan tankuna amma suna tattaunawa game da juyin halitta na manyan bindigogi, hanyoyin soja da tankuna.Abubuwan ci gaba da yawa tun daga 1915 sun girma a Cambrai, kamar gobarar harbin bindiga da aka annabta, jeri mai sauti, dabarun kutsawa cikin sojan sama, haɗin gwiwar runduna-tanka da tallafin iska.Dabarun yaƙin masana'antu sun ci gaba da haɓaka kuma sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a lokacin harin Kwanaki ɗari a cikin 1918, tare da maye gurbin tankin Mark IV tare da ingantattun nau'ikan.Karfafawa da kare Bourlon Ridge cikin hanzari da Jamusawa suka yi, gami da kai farmakin da suka yi, su ma sun kasance manyan nasarori, wanda ya bai wa Jamusawa fatan cewa dabarar kai hari za ta iya kawo ƙarshen yaƙin kafin haɗar da Amirkawa ta yi yawa.

A ranar 15 ga Disamba, 1917, an sanya hannu kan wata yarjejeniya tsakanin Tarayyar Soviet ta Tarayyar gurguzu ta Rasha a gefe guda da daular Austro- Hungary , daular Bulgaria , daular Jamus da daular Usmania -masu ikon tsakiya -a daya bangaren.Rundunar ta fara aiki ne kwanaki biyu bayan haka, a ranar 17 ga Disamba.Ta wannan yarjejeniya Rasha ta fice daga yakin duniya na daya, ko da yake fada zai sake komawa a takaice kafin a kulla yarjejeniyar Brest-Litovsk a ranar 3 ga Maris 1918, kuma Rasha ta yi zaman lafiya.

Harin lokacin bazara na Jamus, ko Kaiserschlacht ("Yaƙin Kaiser"), wanda kuma aka sani da harin Ludendorff, jerin hare-haren Jamus ne tare da yammacin Front a lokacin yakin duniya na farko, wanda ya fara a ranar 21 ga Maris 1918. Bayan shigar Amurka cikin yakin a Afrilu 1917, Jamusawa sun gane cewa kawai damar da suka rage na nasara shine su ci nasara kafin Amurka ta iya tura sojoji a fadin Atlantic kuma ta yi amfani da albarkatunta.Sojojin Jamus sun sami fa'ida na ɗan lokaci a lambobi yayin da kusan ƙungiyoyi 50 suka sami 'yantar da su ta hanyar shan kashi da janyewar Rasha daga yaƙin da yarjejeniyar Brest-Litovsk.Akwai hare-haren Jamus guda hudu, masu suna Michael, Georgette, Gneisenau, da Blücher-Yorck.Michael shi ne babban harin, wanda aka yi niyya ya bi ta cikin layukan ƙawancen, ya zarce sojojin Birtaniya (waɗanda ke gaban gaba daga kogin Somme zuwa tashar Turanci) tare da fatattakar sojojin Birtaniya.Da zarar an cimma hakan, an yi fatan Faransawa za su nemi sharuɗɗan yaƙi.Sauran hare-haren reshen Michael ne kuma an tsara su ne don karkatar da dakarun hadin gwiwa daga babban yunkurin kai hari kan Somme.Ba a kafa wata bayyananniyar manufa ba kafin a fara kai hare-hare kuma da zarar an fara kai hare-hare, ana ci gaba da sauya inda ake kai hare-haren bisa ga yanayin fagen fama.Da zarar sun fara ci gaba, Jamusawa sun yi ƙoƙari don ci gaba da ci gaba, wani ɓangare saboda batutuwan kayan aiki.Rukunin guguwar da ke tafiya da sauri ba za su iya ɗaukar isassun abinci da harsasai don ciyar da kansu na dogon lokaci ba, kuma sojojin ba za su iya yin motsi da kayayyaki da kayan ƙarfafa da sauri don taimaka musu ba.Sojojin Jamus sun sami ci gaba mafi zurfi da kowane bangare ya samu a Yammacin Gabar tun daga 1914. Sun sake daukar kasa mai yawa da suka yi asara a 1916-17 kuma suka dauki wani kasa da ba su yi iko da su ba tukuna.Duk da irin nasarorin da aka samu, sun yi hasarar rayuka masu yawa a sakamakon ƙasar da ba ta da wata dabara kuma mai wuyar karewa.Hare-haren dai ya kasa kai wa Jamus hari da ka iya ceto Jamus daga shan kaye, lamarin da ya sa wasu masana tarihi suka bayyana ta a matsayin nasara mai cike da rudani.

Harin Kwanaki Dari (8 ga Agusta zuwa 11 ga Nuwamba 1918) jerin hare-hare ne na kawancen da suka kawo karshen yakin duniya na farko.Tun daga yakin Amiens (8-12 ga Agusta) a Gabashin Yamma, Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyoyin Ƙwaƙwal sun kori Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Jamus.Jamusawa sun ja da baya zuwa Layin Hindenburg, amma Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyoyin Ƙwaƙwalwa sun keta layi tare da jerin nasarori, sun fara da yakin St Quentin Canal a ranar 29 ga Satumba.Hare-haren, tare da juyin juya hali da ya barke a Jamus, ya kai ga Rundunar Sojin 11 ga Nuwamba 1918 wanda ya kawo karshen yakin da nasarar kawance.Kalmar "Rikicin Kwanaki ɗari" baya nufin yaƙi ko dabara, a'a, jerin nasarorin da sojojin Jamus suka samu cikin sauri wanda sojojin Jamus ba su da wata amsa.

An yi yakin Magiddo tsakanin 19 zuwa 25 ga Satumba 1918, a Filin Sharon, gaban Tulkarm, Tabsor da Arara a cikin tsaunin Yahudiya da kuma filin Esdralon a Nazarat, Afulah, Beisan, Jenin da Samakh.Sunanta, wanda aka kwatanta da "wataƙila yaudara" tun lokacin da aka yi iyakacin yaƙin da aka yi kusa da Tel Megiddo, Allenby ne ya zaɓi shi don sautin Littafi Mai-Tsarki da na alama.Yakin shi ne hari na karshe na kawancen kawance na yakin Sinai da Falasdinu na yakin duniya na farko.Dakarun da ke fafatawa sun hada da rundunar Expeditionary Forceta Masar , na gawawwaki uku ciki har da daya daga cikin dakaru da aka jera, da kuma Ottoman Yildirim Army Group wadanda adadinsu ya kai dakaru uku, kowannensu da kyar na rundunar hadin gwiwa.Wadannan fadace-fadacen sun yi sanadiyar kama dubun-dubatar fursunoni da kuma miliyoyi masu yawa daga hannun kawancen.Bayan yakin, an kama Daraa a ranar 27 ga Satumba, Damascus a ranar 1 ga Oktoba kuma ana ci gaba da gudanar da ayyukan a Haritan, arewacin Aleppo, lokacin da sojojin Mudros suka rattaba hannu kan kawo karshen tashin hankali tsakanin kawance da Ottoman.Ayyukan Janar Edmund Allenby, kwamandan Birtaniya na Sojojin Baƙin Masar, sun sami sakamako mai ma'ana akan farashi kaɗan, sabanin yawancin hare-hare a lokacin yakin duniya na farko.Allenby ya cim ma hakan ne ta hanyar yin amfani da baragurbin bama-bamai don rufe hare-haren da ake kai wa dakaru don karya yanayin yakin basasa sannan kuma ya yi amfani da sojojinsa na tafi da gidanka (dawakai, da motoci masu sulke da jiragen sama) wajen kewaye da sojojin Ottoman a tsaunin Yahudiya, tare da yanke yankan rago. kashe layinsu na ja da baya.

Armistice na 11 ga Nuwamba 1918 shi ne armistice da aka sanya hannu a Le Francport kusa da Compiègne wanda ya kawo karshen fada a kan kasa, ruwa da iska a yakin duniya na daya tsakanin kawance da abokin hamayyarsu na karshe, Jamus .An amince da makamai na baya tare da Bulgaria , Daular Ottoman da Ostiriya-Hungary.An kammala taron ne bayan da gwamnatin Jamus ta aike da sako ga shugaban Amurka Woodrow Wilson da ya yi shawarwari kan sharudda bisa jawabin da ya yi a baya-bayan nan da nasa da aka ayyana a matsayin "Babu goma sha hudu", wanda daga baya ya zama ginshikin mika wuya Jamusawa a taron zaman lafiya na birnin Paris. , wanda ya faru a shekara ta gaba.Ainihin sharuɗɗan, waɗanda Foch ya rubuta, sun haɗa da dakatar da tashin hankali a Yammacin Gabar Yamma, janyewar sojojin Jamus daga yammacin Rhine, Ƙarfafawa na Rhineland da bridgeheads gabas, adana abubuwan more rayuwa, mika wuya jiragen sama, jiragen ruwa na yaki, da kayan aikin soji, sakin fursunonin yaƙi da fararen hula masu shiga tsakani, ramuwa daga ƙarshe, ba sakin fursunonin Jamus da kuma rashin annashuwa da shingen jiragen ruwa na Jamus.An kara tsawaita wa'adin rundunar har sau uku yayin da ake ci gaba da tattaunawa kan yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya.

Ɗaya daga cikin mafi girman tasirin yaƙin shine faɗaɗa iko da ayyuka na gwamnati a Biritaniya, Faransa , Amurka , da Sarakunan Daular Biritaniya.Don amfani da duk wani iko na al'ummominsu, gwamnatoci sun kirkiro sabbin ma'aikatu da iko.An sanya sabbin haraji tare da kafa dokoki, duk an tsara su don ƙarfafa ƙoƙarin yaƙi;da yawa sun dade har zuwa yanzu.Hakazalika, yakin ya dagula iyawar wasu manyan gwamnatocin da suka yi aiki a baya, kamar su Austria-Hungary da Jamus .Babban samfurin cikin gida (GDP) ya karu don ƙawance guda uku (Birtaniya,Italiya , da Amurka), amma ya ragu a Faransa da Rasha, a cikin tsaka-tsakin Netherlands , kuma a cikin manyan manyan ƙasashen tsakiya uku.Rushewar GDP a Ostiriya, Rasha, Faransa, da Daular Ottoman ya kai tsakanin 30% zuwa 40%.A Ostiriya, alal misali, an kashe yawancin aladu, don haka a karshen yakin babu nama.Sakamakon macro- da ƙananan tattalin arziƙin ya rabu daga yaƙin.An canza iyalai saboda tafiyar mazaje da yawa.Tare da mutuwa ko rashin ma’aikacin albashi na farko, an tilasta wa mata shiga ma’aikata a adadin da ba a taɓa gani ba.A lokaci guda kuma, masana'antu suna buƙatar maye gurbin ɓatattun ma'aikatan da aka aika zuwa yaƙi.Wannan ya taimaka wa gwagwarmayar neman yancin zaɓe ga mata.Yakin duniya na daya ya kara dagula rashin daidaiton jinsi, wanda ya kara dagula mata masu yawa.Mutuwar kusan maza miliyan daya a lokacin yakin a Biritaniya ya kara gibin jinsi da kusan miliyan daya: daga 670,000 zuwa 1,700,000.Yawan matan da ba su da aure da ke neman hanyoyin tattalin arziki ya karu sosai.Bugu da kari, tabarbarewar tattalin arziki da koma bayan yakin ya haifar da rashin aikin yi.Yakin ya kara wa mata aikin yi;duk da haka, dawowar mutanen da aka kora daga gidajensu sun raba da yawa daga ma'aikata, kamar yadda aka rufe da yawa daga cikin masana'antar yakin.Yakin ya ba da gudummawa ga juyin halitta na agogon hannu daga kayan ado na mata zuwa wani abu na yau da kullun, wanda ya maye gurbin agogon aljihu, wanda ke buƙatar hannu kyauta don aiki.Tallafin soja na ci gaba a rediyo ya ba da gudummawa ga shaharar kafofin watsa labarai bayan yakin.