Yakin basasar Rasha

Juyin juya halin Oktoba ya biyo baya kuma ya yi amfani da juyin juya halin Fabrairu a farkon wannan shekarar, wanda ya kifar da mulkin kama karya na Tsarist, wanda ya haifar da gwamnatin wucin gadi mai sassaucin ra'ayi.Gwamnatin wucin gadi ta karbi mulki ne bayan da Grand Duke Michael, kanin Tsar Nicholas II, ya yi shela, wanda ya ki karbar mulki bayan da Tsar ya sauka.A cikin wannan lokaci, ma'aikatan birni sun fara shiri zuwa majalisa (Soviet) inda masu neman sauyi suka soki gwamnatin wucin gadi da ayyukanta.Gwamnatin wucin gadi ta kasance ba ta da farin jini, musamman saboda tana ci gaba da fafatawa a yakin duniya na daya, kuma ta yi mulki da karfen kafa a duk lokacin bazara (ciki har da kashe daruruwan masu zanga-zanga a kwanakin Yuli).Abubuwan da suka faru sun zo kan gaba a cikin faɗuwar rana yayin da Directorate, karkashin jagorancin jam'iyyar Socialist Revolutionary Party, ke iko da gwamnati.'Yan Bolshevik na hagu ba su ji dadin gwamnati ba, kuma sun fara yada kiraye-kirayen tayar da sojoji.A ranar 23 ga Oktoba, Tarayyar Soviet ta Petrograd, karkashin jagorancin Trotsky, ta kada kuri'ar goyon bayan wani boren soja.A ranar 6 ga Nuwamba, gwamnati ta rufe jaridu da yawa tare da rufe birnin Petrograd a wani yunƙuri na hana juyin juya hali;kananan rigingimun dauke da makamai sun barke.Washegari wani gagarumin tashin hankali ya barke yayin da rundunar sojojin ruwa na Bolshevik suka shiga tashar jiragen ruwa kuma dubun dubatar sojoji suka tashi don nuna goyon bayansu ga Bolshevik.Dakarun Red Guards na Bolshevik karkashin kwamitin soja da juyin juya hali sun fara mamaye gine-ginen gwamnati a ranar 7 ga Nuwamba, 1917. Washegari, an kama fadar lokacin sanyi (wurin zama na gwamnatin wucin gadi da ke Petrograd, babban birnin kasar Rasha a lokacin).Da yake ba a san juyin juya halin Musulunci a duniya ba, kasar ta fada cikin yakin basasar Rasha, wanda zai ci gaba har zuwa shekarar 1923 kuma daga karshe ya kai ga kafa Tarayyar Soviet a karshen shekarar 1922.

Tashin hankalin Bolshevik na Moscow shine tawaye da makami na Bolshevik a Moscow, daga Nuwamba 7-15 1917 a lokacin juyin juya halin Oktoba na Rasha.Ya kasance a cikin Moscow a watan Oktoba inda mafi tsayin daka da fada ya faru.Wasu masana tarihi na kallon fadan da aka yi a birnin Moscow a matsayin farkon yakin basasa a kasar Rasha.

Tashin Kerensky-Krasnov wani yunƙuri ne da Alexander Kerensky ya yi na murkushe juyin juya halin Oktoba da kuma sake samun madafun iko bayan da Bolsheviks suka hambarar da gwamnatinsa a Petrograd.Ya faru tsakanin 8 da 13 Nuwamba 1917. Bayan juyin juya halin Oktoba , Kerensky ya gudu daga Petrograd, wanda ya fada hannun Bolshevik Petrograd Soviet da ke iko da shi kuma ya tafi Pskov, hedkwatar Rundunar Arewa ta Arewa.Bai samu goyon bayan kwamandansa Janar Vladimir Cheremisov, wanda ya hana yunkurin tattara raka'a don yin tattaki a kan Petrograd, amma ya sami goyon bayan Janar Pyotr Krasnov, wanda ya ci gaba a babban birnin da kimanin 700 Cossacks.A Petrograd, masu adawa da juyin juya halin Oktoba sun shirya wani tawaye wanda zai zo daidai da harin da sojojin Kerensky suka kai a birnin.Dole ne Soviets su inganta tsaro na tsaunuka a kudancin birnin kuma su jira harin sojojin Kerensky, wanda, duk da kokarin da babban kwamandan ya yi, bai sami ƙarfafawa ba.Rikicin da aka yi a Tudun Pulkovo ya ƙare tare da janyewar Cossacks bayan kisan Junker, wanda ya ci nasara da wuri, kuma ba su sami goyon bayan da ya dace daga wasu sassan ba don tilasta masu tsaron gida.Tattaunawar da aka yi tsakanin bangarorin ta kare ne da jirgin Kerensky, yana fargabar mika shi ga Soviets da sojojinsa suka yi, wanda ya kawo karshen yunkurin maido da gwamnatin wucin gadin Rasha da aka hambarar.

Yakin Ukrainian-Soviet ya kasance rikici mai dauke da makamai daga 1917 zuwa 1921 tsakanin Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Ukrainian da Bolsheviks ( Soviet Ukraine da Soviet Russia).Yakin na cikin yakin basasa na Rasha kuma ya faru jim kadan bayan juyin juya halin Oktoba lokacin da Lenin ya aika da tawagar Antonov zuwa Ukraine da Kudancin Rasha.A ƙarshe, sojojin Ukraine za su fuskanci asara mai muni saboda yaɗuwar typhus a watan Oktoba 1919, wanda ya share fagen kafa Tarayyar Soviet a shekara ta 1922. Tarihin Soviet ya ɗauki nasarar Bolshevik a matsayin ceton Ukraine daga sojojin yammacin Turai da tsakiyar Turai. (ciki har da na Poland ).Akasin haka, masana tarihi na Ukrainian na zamani sun ɗauka a matsayin yaƙin cin gashin kai da jamhuriyar jama'ar Yukren ta yi da Bolsheviks da tsohuwar Daular Rasha .

Yayin da aka fara adawa da dakarun Red Guard a daidai wannan rana ta boren Bolshevik, yarjejeniyar Brest-Litovsk da kuma tsarin mulkin jam’iyya daya ya zama sanadin kafa kungiyoyin adawa da Bolshevik a ciki da wajen Rasha, inda suka tura su shiga cikin Rasha. mataki a kan sabuwar gwamnatin Soviet.Ƙungiya mai sassaucin ra'ayi na sojojin anti-Bolshevik da ke da alaƙa da gwamnatin gurguzu, ciki har da masu mallakar ƙasa, 'yan jamhuriya, masu ra'ayin mazan jiya, 'yan ƙasa masu matsakaicin matsayi, masu ra'ayin ra'ayi, masu goyon bayan mulkin mallaka, masu sassaucin ra'ayi, janar-janar soja, 'yan gurguzu na Bolshevik waɗanda har yanzu suna da koke-koke da masu kawo sauyi na dimokuradiyya da son rai. sai dai a adawarsu da mulkin Bolshevik.Dakarun sojojinsu, wadanda suka karfafa ta hanyar tilastawa shiga aikin soja da ta'addanci da kuma tasirin kasashen waje, a karkashin jagorancin Janar Nikolai Yudenich, Admiral Alexander Kolchak da Janar Anton Denikin, sun zama sanannun kungiyar White Movement (wani lokaci ana kiranta "White Army"). sarrafa muhimman sassa na tsohuwar Daular Rasha don yawancin yakin.Ƙungiya mai kishin ƙasa ta Ukrainian tana aiki a Ukraine a lokacin yakin.Mafi mahimmanci shi ne bullar wani yunkuri na siyasa da soja na anarchist da aka sani da Makhnovshchina, wanda Nestor Makhno ya jagoranta.Sojojin juyin juya hali na Ukraine, wadanda suka kirga Yahudawa da yawa da kuma mazauna Ukrain a cikin sahu, sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen dakatar da farmakin fararen hula na Denikin zuwa Moscow a shekarar 1919, daga bisani sun kori fararen fata daga Crimea.Nisa daga yankin Volga, yankin Ural, Siberiya da Gabas mai Nisa ya kasance mai kyau ga sojojin anti-Bolshevik, kuma fararen fata sun kafa ƙungiyoyi masu yawa a cikin garuruwan waɗannan yankuna.An kafa wasu daga cikin sojojin ne bisa kungiyoyin hafsoshi na boye a garuruwan.Sojojin Czechoslovak sun kasance cikin Sojojin Rasha kuma sun kai kusan dakaru 30,000 a watan Oktoba 1917. Sun yi yarjejeniya da sabuwar gwamnatin Bolshevik da za a kwashe daga Gabashin Gabas ta tashar jiragen ruwa na Vladivostok zuwa Faransa.Jirgin daga Gabashin Gabas zuwa Vladivostok ya ragu a cikin hargitsi, kuma sojojin sun tarwatse a duk hanyar jirgin kasa na Siberian.A karkashin matsin lamba daga Central Powers, Trotsky ya ba da umarnin a kwance damara da kama sojojin, wanda ya haifar da tashin hankali da Bolsheviks.Ƙungiyoyin Yamma sun yi amfani da makamai da goyon bayan abokan adawar Bolsheviks.Sun damu da yuwuwar kawancen Russo-Jamus, da fatan Bolsheviks da ke yin kyau a kan barazanar da suke yi na gazawa kan manyan lamunin kasashen waje na Imperial Rasha da kuma yiwuwar ra'ayoyin juyin juya halin gurguzu za su yada (damuwa da yawancin ikon tsakiya suka raba).Don haka da yawa daga cikin kasashen sun bayyana goyon bayansu ga farar hula da suka hada da samar da sojoji da kayayyaki.Winston Churchill ya bayyana cewa dole ne a shake Bolshevism a cikin shimfiɗar jariri.Birtaniya da Faransa sun goyi bayan Rasha a lokacin yakin duniya na farko da kayan yaki.

Farin Ta'addanci a Rasha yana nufin tashin hankalin da aka shirya da kuma kashe-kashen jama'a da Sojoji suka yi a lokacin yakin basasar Rasha (1917-23).An fara ne bayan da Bolsheviks suka kwace mulki a watan Nuwamba 1917, kuma ya ci gaba har zuwa lokacin da aka sha kashi a hannun Red Army.The White Army ya yi yaƙi da Red Army don iko, wanda tsunduma a cikin nasa Red Terror.A cewar wasu masana tarihi na kasar Rasha, farar ta'addanci jerin ayyuka ne da shugabanninsu suka tsara, duk da cewa ana adawa da wannan ra'ayi.Kiyasin wadanda aka kashe a cikin farin ta'addanci ya bambanta tsakanin mutane 20,000 zuwa 100,000.

Sanarwar 'yancin al'ummar Rasha wata takarda ce da gwamnatin Bolshevik ta Rasha ta yi a ranar 15 ga Nuwamba, 1917 ( Vladimir Lenin da Joseph Stalin suka sanya wa hannu).Takardar ta bayyana:Daidaito da ikon mallakar mutanen Rasha'Yancin mutanen Rasha na 'yancin kai na 'yanci, ciki har da ballewa da kafa wata kasa ta dabanSoke duk wani gata da hani na kasa da na addiniHaɓaka kyauta na 'yan tsiraru na ƙasa da ƙungiyoyin ƙabilanci waɗanda ke mamaye yankin Rasha.Sanarwar ta yi tasiri wajen hada kan wasu kabilun da ba na Rasha ba a bayan Bolsheviks.'Yan bindigar Latvia sun kasance masu goyon bayan Bolsheviks a farkon yakin basasa na Rasha kuma masana tarihi na Latvia sun yarda da alkawarin mulkin mallaka a matsayin muhimmin dalili na hakan.Fararen fata na Rasha masu adawa da juyin-juya hali ba su goyi bayan cin gashin kansu ba, sakamakon haka, 'yan Latvia kadan ne suka yi yaki a bangaren farar fata.Ko an yi niyya ko a’a, ba da dadewa ba wasu yankuna na yammacin Rasha suka aiwatar da ayyana ‘yancin ballewa daga kasar, wani bangare ko kuma wanda tuni ya kasance karkashin sojojin Jamus maimakon ikon Moscow.Amma yayin da juyin juya halin ya yadu, kuma yankuna da yawa a cikin Rasha da aka dade da hadewa sun ayyana kansu a matsayin jamhuriya masu cin gashin kansu.Bolshevist Rasha za, duk da haka, yunƙurin kafa ikon Soviet a cikin yawancin waɗanda zai yiwu.Dukkan jihohin Baltic guda uku sun sha fama da yake-yake tsakanin gwamnatocin Soviet da nufin kafa kasar gurguzu mai kawance da Rasha ta Bolshevis da kuma gwamnatocin da ba na gurguzu ba da ke neman kasa mai cin gashin kanta.Gwamnatocin Soviet sun sami tallafin soji kai tsaye daga Rasha.Bayan da bangaren da ba na Kwaminisanci ya yi nasara ba, Rasha ta amince da su a matsayin halaltattun gwamnatocin jihohin Baltic a shekara ta 1920. Daga baya kuma Tarayyar Soviet za ta mamaye kasashen da kuma hade su a shekara ta 1939.

An gudanar da zaɓen Majalisar Majalissar Dokokin Rasha a ranar 25 ga Nuwamba 1917. An amince da su a matsayin zaɓe na farko na 'yanci a tarihin Rasha.Nazarin ilimi daban-daban sun ba da sakamako na dabam.Duk da haka, duk a fili yana nuna cewa Bolsheviks sun kasance masu nasara a cikin birane, kuma sun dauki kusan kashi biyu bisa uku na kuri'un sojoji a yammacin Front.Duk da haka, jam'iyyar Socialist-Revolutionary ita ce ta zo kan gaba a zaben, inda ta samu kujeru masu yawa (babu wata jam'iyya da ta samu rinjaye) bisa karfin goyon bayan da manoman karkara na kasar suka samu, wadanda galibin masu kada kuri'a ne guda daya, lamarin shi ne sake fasalin kasa. .Duk da haka, zaben bai samar da gwamnatin da aka zaba ta hanyar dimokradiyya ba.Majalisar Zartarwar ta taru ne kawai na kwana guda a watan Janairu kafin ’yan Bolsheviks su rushe.Daga karshe an dakatar da dukkan jam'iyyun adawa, kuma Bolsheviks sun mulki kasar a matsayin kasa mai jam'iyya daya.

Bolsheviks sun yanke shawarar yin sulhu nan da nan tare da manyan iko kamar yadda suka yi alkawari ga mutanen Rasha kafin juyin juya halin Musulunci .Maƙiyan siyasar Vladimir Lenin sun danganta wannan shawarar ga tallafin da Ofishin Harkokin Waje na Wilhelm II, Sarkin Jamus, ya ba Lenin da bege cewa, tare da juyin juya hali, Rasha za ta janye daga yakin duniya na daya .Wannan tuhuma dai ta samu karbuwa ne sakamakon daukar nauyin da ma'aikatar harkokin wajen Jamus ta bayar na komawar Lenin Petrograd.Duk da haka, bayan fiasco na soja na harin bazara (Yuni 1917) da Gwamnatin wucin gadi ta Rasha ta lalata tsarin Sojojin Rasha, ya zama mahimmanci cewa Lenin ya fahimci zaman lafiya da aka yi alkawari.Tun ma kafin harin bazara da bai yi nasara ba, al'ummar Rasha sun nuna shakku kan ci gaba da yakin.Masu ra'ayin gurguzu na yammacin Turai sun zo nan da nan daga Faransa da Birtaniya don shawo kan Rashawa don ci gaba da yakin, amma ba za su iya canza sabon yanayin zaman lafiya na Rasha ba.A ranar 16 ga Disamba, 1917, an sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya tsakanin Rasha da manyan masu iko a Brest-Litovsk kuma an fara tattaunawar zaman lafiya.A matsayin sharadi na zaman lafiya, yerjejeniyar da kasashen tsakiya suka gabatar ta amince da wani bangare mai yawa na tsohuwar daular Rasha ga daular Jamus da kuma daular Usmaniyya , lamarin da ya harzuka 'yan kishin kasa da masu ra'ayin mazan jiya.Leon Trotsky, wakilin Bolsheviks, ya ki amincewa da farko ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar, yayin da yake ci gaba da kiyaye yarjejeniyar tsagaita bude wuta, bisa manufar "Ba yaki, babu zaman lafiya".Saboda haka, a ranar 18 ga Fabrairun 1918, Jamusawa suka fara Operation Faustschlag a Gabashin Gabas, ba tare da fuskantar wani turjiya ba a yakin da ya dauki kwanaki 11.Sa hannu kan yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya ta al'ada ita ce kawai zaɓi a gaban Bolsheviks saboda an lalata sojojin Rasha, kuma sabuwar Red Guard ba ta iya dakatar da ci gaba ba.Sun kuma fahimci cewa tsayin daka na adawa da juyin juya hali da ke gabatowa ya fi hatsari fiye da rangwamen da yarjejeniyar ta cimma, wadda Lenin ke kallonsa a matsayin wucin gadi bisa la'akari da burin juyin juya halin duniya.Soviets sun amince da yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya, kuma an amince da yarjejeniyar ta Brest-Litovsk a ranar 3 ga Maris.Soviets sun ɗauki yarjejeniyar a matsayin hanya mai mahimmanci kuma mai dacewa don kawo karshen yakin.

A cikin Afrilu 1918, bayan 'yantar da Novocherkassk daga ikon Don Soviet Jamhuriyar, Don da aka kafa gwamnatin wucin gadi karkashin GP Ianov.A ranar 11 ga Mayu, "Krug don Ceto Don" ya buɗe, wanda ya shirya yakin anti-Bolshevik.A ranar 16 ga Mayu, Krasnov aka zabe Ataman.A ranar 17 ga Mayu, Krasnov ya gabatar da "Basic Laws of The All Great Don voisko."Maki 50 nasa sun haɗa da rashin keta kadarori masu zaman kansu da kuma soke duk wasu dokokin da aka fitar tun bayan hambarar da Nicholas II.Krasnov kuma ya karfafa kishin kasa.Jamhuriyar Don ta wanzu a lokacin yakin basasar Rasha bayan rugujewar daular Rasha daga 1918 zuwa 1920.

Daga tsakiyar 1917 zuwa gaba, sojojin Rasha, magajin kungiyar tsohuwar Sojan Rasha, sun fara tarwatse;Bolsheviks sun yi amfani da Red Guards na sa kai a matsayin babban rundunar soji, wanda wani bangaren soji dauke da makamai na Cheka (na'urorin tsaro na jihar Bolshevik) suka kara.A cikin Janairu 1918, bayan gagarumin Bolshevik baya a cikin fama, nan gaba Kwamandan Jama'a na Sojoji da Naval harkokin Leon Trotsky ya jagoranci sake tsara Red Guards a cikin wani ma'aikata da kuma peasants' Red Army domin ya haifar da mafi tasiri fada da karfi.Bolsheviks sun nada kwamishinoni na siyasa ga kowane rukunin Red Army don kula da halin kirki da tabbatar da aminci.A cikin watan Yuni 1918, lokacin da ya bayyana cewa sojojin juyin juya hali wanda ya ƙunshi ma'aikata kawai ba zai wadatar ba, Trotsky ya kafa aikin tilasta wa manoman karkara shiga cikin Red Army.Bolsheviks sun shawo kan adawar mutanen karkara na Rasha zuwa rukunin sojojin Red Army ta hanyar yin garkuwa da su tare da harbe su idan ya cancanta don tilasta bin doka.Korafe-korafen tilasta wa aikin ya sami sakamako gaurayawan sakamako, inda aka samu nasarar samar da dakaru mai girma fiye da na Fari, amma tare da mambobin da ba ruwansu da akidar Marxist-Leninist.Sojojin Red Army kuma sun yi amfani da tsoffin jami'an Tsarist a matsayin "kwararrarun sojoji" (voenspetsy);wani lokaci ana garkuwa da iyalansu domin a tabbatar da amincinsu.A farkon yakin basasa, tsoffin jami'an Tsarist sun kafa kashi uku cikin hudu na jami'in Red Army-corps.A karshensa, 83% na dukkan sassan Red Army da kwamandojin gawawwakin tsoffin sojojin Tsarist ne.

Shiga cikin yakin basasa na Rasha ya ƙunshi jerin balaguron soji na ƙasa da ƙasa wanda ya fara a shekara ta 1918. Ƙwararrun ƙawance na farko suna da burin taimakawa sojojin Czechoslovak wajen samar da kayan yaƙi da makamai a tashar jiragen ruwa na Rasha;a lokacin da rundunar Czechoslovak Legion ke iko da dukan hanyar jirgin ƙasa ta Trans-Siberian da kuma manyan biranen Siberiya a wasu lokuta tsakanin 1918 da 1920. A shekara ta 1919 burin Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyoyin ya zama don taimaka wa sojojin Fari a yakin basasar Rasha.Lokacin da turawan suka ruguje kasashen kawance sun janye sojojinsu daga kasar Rasha a shekarar 1920 sannan suka kara janyewa daga kasar Japan a shekarar 1922.Makasudin waɗannan ƙananan matakan sun kasance wani ɓangare don dakatar da Jamus daga yin amfani da albarkatun Rasha, don kayar da Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙungiyoyin da suka shiga cikin Rasha bayan 1917. juyin juya halin Bolshevik.Sojojin da ke kawance sun sauka a Arkhangelsk (shigin Arewacin Rasha na 1918-1919) da kuma Vladivostok (a matsayin wani ɓangare na sa baki na Siberian 1918-1922).Birtaniya sun shiga cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Baltic (1918-1919) da kuma a cikin Caucasus (1917-1919).Dakarun kawancen da Faransa ke jagoranta sun shiga shiga tsakani na Kudancin Rasha (1918-1919).Ƙoƙarin haɗin gwiwar sun sami cikas saboda rarrabuwar kawuna da gajiyawar yaƙi daga rikicin duniya baki ɗaya.Wadannan dalilai, tare da ficewa daga rundunar Czechoslovak a watan Satumba na 1920, sun tilasta wa kasashen yammacin Turai su kawo karshen ayyukan Arewacin Rasha da Siberiya a 1920, duk da cewa shiga tsakani na Japan a Siberiya ya ci gaba har zuwa 1922 kuma Daular Japan ta ci gaba da mamaye arewacin kasar. rabin Sakhalin har zuwa 1925.Masana tarihi na yammacin Turai suna nuna ayyukan haɗin gwiwa a matsayin ƙananan ayyuka - abubuwan da suka biyo baya bayan yakin duniya na farko.Fassarori na Soviet da na Rasha na iya kara girman rawar da kawancen ke takawa a matsayin yunƙurin murkushe juyin juya halin duniya na Bolshevik da rarrabawa da gurgunta Rasha a matsayin mai ikon duniya.

Kiev Arsenal Tashin Janairu shine tawaye da ma'aikata da Bolshevik suka shirya wanda ya fara a ranar 29 ga Janairu, 1918 a masana'antar Arsenal a Kyiv lokacin yakin Soviet-Ukrainian.Manufar wannan zanga-zangar dai ita ce yin zagon kasa ga zabukan majalisar dokokin Ukraine da ke ci gaba da gudana da kuma tallafa wa dakarun Red Army da ke ci gaba.

A watan Fabrairun 1918 ne sojojin Red Army suka hambarar da 'yancin cin gashin kai na Turkiyya na Kokand da ke samun goyon bayan Farin Rasha.Ko da yake wannan matakin ya yi kama da ƙarfafa ikon Bolshevik a tsakiyar Asiya, ba da daɗewa ba ƙarin matsaloli sun taso ga Rundunar Sojojin Red Army yayin da Sojojin Allied suka fara shiga tsakani.Taimakon Birtaniya ga Rundunar Soja ta White Army ya ba da babbar barazana ga Red Army a tsakiyar Asiya a lokacin 1918. Biritaniya ta aika da manyan shugabannin soja uku zuwa yankin.Daya shi ne Laftanar Kanar Frederick Marshman Baile, wanda ya rubuta wata manufa zuwa Tashkent, inda Bolshevik suka tilasta masa ya gudu.Wani kuma shi ne Janar Wilfrid Malleson, wanda ke jagorantar Ofishin Jakadancin Malleson, wanda ya taimaka wa Menshevik a Ashkhabad (a yanzu babban birnin Turkmenistan) tare da ƙananan sojojin Anglo-Indiya.Duk da haka, ya kasa samun iko da Tashkent, Bukhara da Khiva.Na uku shi ne Manjo Janar Dunsterville, wanda ’yan Bolshevik na tsakiyar Asiya suka fatattaki wata guda bayan isowarsa a watan Agustan 1918. Duk da koma baya saboda mamayar da Birtaniyya suka yi a shekara ta 1918, Bolsheviks sun ci gaba da samun ci gaba wajen mayar da al’ummar Asiya ta Tsakiya a karkashinsu. tasiri.Babban taron yanki na farko na Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta Rasha ya yi taro a birnin Tashkent a watan Yunin 1918 don gina goyon baya ga jam'iyyar Bolshevik ta gida.

Yakin Kiev na Janairu 1918 wani aikin soja ne na Bolshevik na Petrograd da Moscow Red Guard da aka ba da umarnin kama babban birnin Ukraine .Kwamandan dakarun Red Guard Mikhail Artemyevich Muravov ne ya jagoranci wannan farmakin a matsayin wani bangare na sojojin Tarayyar Soviet da ke yaki da Kaledin da Majalisar Tsakiyar Ukraine.Hare-haren na Kiev ya faru ne a lokacin da ake ci gaba da shawarwarin zaman lafiya a Brest-Litovsk a ranar 5-8 ga Fabrairu, 1918. Aikin ya haifar da mamayar da sojojin Bolshevik suka yi a birnin a ranar 9 ga Fabrairu da kuma kwashe gwamnatin Ukraine zuwa Zhytomyr.

Operation Faustschlag, wanda kuma aka sani da Yaƙin Kwanaki Goma sha ɗaya, ya kasance mummunan harin Ƙarfin Ƙarfi a Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya .Shi ne babban mataki na ƙarshe akan Gabashin Gabas.Sojojin Rasha sun kasa yin wani gagarumin turjiya sakamakon rudanin juyin juya halin Rasha da yakin basasar Rasha da ya biyo baya.Sojoji na Tsakiyar Powers saboda haka sun kama manyan yankuna a Estonia, Latvia, Belarus, da Ukraine , wanda ya tilastawa gwamnatin Bolshevik ta Rasha ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar Brest-Litovsk.

A ranar 3 ga Maris, 1918, Rasha, karkashin ikon Bolsheviks, ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya ta Brest-Litovsk da Jamus, inda ta yi watsi da ikon Ukraine.A ranar 8 ga Maris ne sojojin Jamus suka isa Bakhmach, wata muhimmiyar tashar jirgin kasa, kuma da yin hakan sun yi barazana ga rundunar ta Czech da kewaye.Barazanar ta yi muni sosai saboda an kashe sojojin da aka kama a matsayin maciya amanar Austria-Hungary.Godiya ga nasarar da Legion ta samu, Jamusawa sun yi shawarwarin tsagaita wuta, inda jiragen kasa masu sulke na Czechoslovak za su iya wucewa ta hanyar layin dogo na Bakhmach zuwa Chelyabinsk cikin yardar rai.Bayan da Legion ya yi nasarar barin Ukraine zuwa gabas, tare da aiwatar da janyewar fada, wakilan Majalisar Kasa ta Czechoslovak sun ci gaba da tattaunawa da hukumomin Bolshevik a Moscow da Penza don sauƙaƙe ƙaura.A ranar 25 ga Maris, ɓangarorin biyu sun rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar Penza, wanda Legion zai mika wuya sai dai makamai masu gadi don musanya hanyar jirgin kasa zuwa Vladivostok.Duk da haka, Legion da Bolsheviks sun ƙi yarda da juna.Shugabannin na Legion sun zargi Bolsheviks na neman tagomashi tare da Tsakiyar Powers, yayin da Bolsheviks kallon Legion a matsayin barazana, wani m kayan aiki don anti-Bolshevik tsoma baki da Allies, yayin da lokaci guda neman yin amfani da Legion don bayyana kawai isa goyon baya ga. Allies don hana su shiga tsakani a kan cewa Bolsheviks sun kasance masu goyon bayan Jamus;kuma a lokaci guda, Bolsheviks, a cikin matsananciyar bukatar ƙwararrun sojoji, sun kuma yi ƙoƙarin shawo kan Legion don shigar da kanta ga Red Army.A watan Mayun 1918, ƙungiyar Czechoslovak ta tashi tare da Titin Railway Trans-Siberian daga Penza zuwa Vladivostok.Ficewarsu ya yi tafiyar hawainiya fiye da yadda ake tsammani saboda lalacewar layukan dogo, karancin motocin hawa da kuma bukatar yin shawarwari da kasashen Soviet na cikin gida a kan hanyar.A ranar 14 ga Mayu, rikici a tashar Chelyabinsk tsakanin sojojin da ke kan gabas da Magyar POWs da ke kan hanyar yamma don dawo da su, ya sa Kwamishinan Yaki na Jama'a, Leon Trotsky, ya ba da umarnin kwance damara tare da kama sojojin.A wani taron sojoji da aka yi a Chelyabinsk 'yan kwanaki bayan haka, 'yan Czechoslovaks - ba tare da bukatar majalisar kasa ba - sun ki kwance damarar makamai kuma suka fara ba da sanarwar wucewa zuwa Vladivostok.Wannan lamari dai ya janyo Tawayen Sojojin.

A watan Nuwamba na 1917, da sanin tashin hankalin da ke faruwa a Petrograd, Bolsheviks na Moscow sun fara tayar da su.Ranar 15 ga Nuwamba, 1917, bayan yakin basasa, aka kafa ikon Soviet a Moscow.Saboda tsoron mamayewar kasashen waje, Lenin ya koma babban birnin kasar daga Petrograd (Saint Petersburg) zuwa Moscow a ranar 12 ga Maris, 1918.

A ranar 14 ga watan Mayu a Chelyabinsk, wani jirgin kasa mai zuwa gabas dauke da sojojin Legion, ya ci karo da wani jirgin kasa mai zuwa yamma dauke da 'yan kasar Hungary, wadanda ke biyayya ga Ostiriya-Hungary da kuma Central Powers kuma wadanda ke daukar sojojin Legion a matsayin mayaudara.Rikici mai dauke da makamai ya barke a kusa da kusa, wanda 'yan kishin kasa ke ruruwa.Legion ta ci nasara kan masu biyayya ga Hungary.A cikin martani, Bolsheviks na gida sun shiga tsakani, suka kama wasu sojojin Legion.Daga nan ne Sojojin suka kai wa Bolshevik hari, inda suka kutsa kai cikin tashar jirgin kasa, suka ‘yantar da mutanensu, suka kuma kwace birnin Chelyabinsk yadda ya kamata, yayin da suke yanke hanyar jirgin kasa ta Bolshevik zuwa Siberiya.Daga karshe dai an sasanta wannan lamarin cikin lumana amma gwamnatin Bolshevik ta yi amfani da shi wajen ba da umarnin kwance damarar Legion kamar yadda lamarin ya yi barazana ga Yekaterinburg, mai nisan mil 140, kuma ya haifar da tashin hankali a cikin Siberiya, inda Bolshevik ke ci gaba da rasa iko kan hanyar dogo. yankin: Legion cikin sauri ya mamaye ƙarin biranen kan hanyar jirgin ƙasa ta Trans-Siberian, gami da Petropavl, Kurgan, Novonikolaevsk, Mariinsk, Nizhneudinsk, da Kansk.Kodayake Legion ba ta nemi shiga tsakani ba a bangaren anti-Bolshevik a cikin yakin basasar Rasha kuma ya nemi kawai don aminta da ficewa daga Rasha, shan kashi Bolshevik a Siberiya ya ba da damar kungiyoyin anti-Bolshevik ko White na Rasha su sami damar yin amfani da su. Bolsheviks a cikin Petropavl da Omsk.A watan Yuni, Legion, tun bayan da Bolsheviks ya yi watsi da su don kariya da kuma dacewa, sun kama Samara, wanda ya ba da damar karamar hukuma ta farko ta Anti-Bolshevik a Siberiya, Komuch, wanda aka kafa a ranar 8 ga Yuni.A ranar 13 ga watan Yuni, farar fata suka kafa gwamnatin Siberian na wucin gadi a Omsk.A ranar 3 ga Agusta,sojojin Japan , Birtaniya , Faransanci , da Amurka sun sauka a Vladivostok.Jafananci sun aika kimanin 70,000 zuwa cikin ƙasar gabas da tafkin Baikal.Duk da haka, a lokacin kaka na shekara ta 1918, rundunar sojojin ba ta ƙara taka rawa a yakin basasar Rasha ba.Bayan juyin mulkin da aka yi wa gwamnatin Rasha ta wucin gadi, da kuma wani kaso na mulkin kama-karya na soja na Alexander Kolchak, an janye mutanen Czech daga gaba, aka ba da aikin gadin hanyar dogo ta Trans-Siberian.A cikin kaka, sojojin Red Army sun kai hari, inda suka fatattaki farar fata a yammacin Siberiya.A watan Oktoba, Czechoslovakia ta yi shelar sabuwar 'yancin kai.A watan Nuwamba, Ostiriya-Hungary ya rushe kuma yakin duniya na daya ya ƙare, wanda ya tsananta sha'awar mambobin Legion na ficewa daga Rasha, musamman yayin da sabuwar Czechoslovakia ta fuskanci adawa, da kuma rikici da makamai da makwabta.A farkon 1919, sojojin Legion sun fara ja da baya zuwa Trans-Siberian Railway.A ranar 27 ga Janairu, 1919, Kwamandan Legion Jan Syrový ya yi iƙirarin hanyar jirgin ƙasa ta Trans-Siberian tsakanin Novonikolaevsk da Irkutsk a matsayin yankin Czechoslovak na aiki, yana tsoma baki tare da ƙoƙarin fararen Rasha a Siberiya.A farkon shekara ta 1920 a Irkutsk, don samun amintacciyar hanyar wucewa gabas don jiragen kasa na Czechoslovak, Syrový ya amince ya mika Aleksandr Kolchak ga wakilan Cibiyar Siyasa ta Red, wanda ya kashe Kolchak a watan Fabrairu.Saboda haka, da kuma saboda wani yunkurin tawaye ga farar fata, wanda Radola Gajda ya shirya a Vladivostok a ranar 17 ga Nuwamba 1919, fararen fata sun zargi Czechoslovaks da cin amana.Tsakanin Disamba 1919 da Satumba 1920, Legion ya kori ta teku daga Vladivostok.

Bayan jerin sauye-sauye a gaba, Kwamandan Yakin Bolsheviks, Trotsky, ya ƙaddamar da matakan tsauraran matakai don hana janyewar da ba a ba da izini ba, tarwatsawa da kuma kisan kai a cikin Red Army.A cikin wannan fanni, dakarun bincike na musamman na Cheka, wadanda ake wa lakabi da Sashen Hukunci na Musamman na Hukumar Yaki da Juyin Juya Halin Rasha da Sabotage ko Brigade na Musamman, sun bi Red Army, inda suke gudanar da kotuna da kuma yanke hukuncin kisa kan sojoji da hafsoshi da aka yi. sun rabu, sun ja da baya daga matsayinsu ko kuma sun kasa nuna isassun kishi.An kuma tuhumi dakarun bincike na musamman na Cheka da gano ta'addanci da ayyukan juyin-juya-hali da sojoji da kwamandojin Red Army suka yi.Trotsky ya tsawaita amfani da hukuncin kisa ga kwamishinan siyasa na lokaci-lokaci wanda rashi ya ja baya ko kuma ya fashe a gaban abokan gaba.A cikin watan Agusta, cikin takaici da ci gaba da rahotannin sojojin Red Army suna fasa wuta, Trotsky ya ba da izinin kafa sojojin shinge - wadanda ke bayan rukunin sojojin Red Army marasa aminci kuma ya ba da umarnin harbe duk wanda ya janye daga fagen daga ba tare da izini ba.

Dangane da tarihin tarihin Soviet, gwamnatin Bolshevik mai mulki ta karɓi tsarin gurguzu na Yaƙi, manufar da ke da burin kiyaye garuruwa (tushen ikon ikon mallaka) da Red Army cike da abinci da makamai tun lokacin da yanayi ya haifar da sabbin matakan tattalin arziki.A lokacin yakin basasa, tsohon tsarin kasuwancin jari-hujja ya kasa samar da abinci da fadada tushen masana'antu.Sau da yawa ana kwatanta tsarin gurguzu na yaƙi a matsayin iko mai sauƙi ta hanyar mulki da ƙungiyoyin soja don kiyaye iko da iko a cikin yankunan Soviet, maimakon kowace akidar siyasa da ta dace.Kwaminisanci na yaki ya haɗa da manufofi masu zuwa:Ƙaddamar da duk masana'antu da ƙaddamar da gudanarwa mai tsaftaKula da harkokin kasuwanci na wajeTsananin ladabtarwa ga ma'aikata, tare da haramta yajin aikiWajibi na aiki na wajibi ta azuzuwan da ba na aiki ba ("zaman soja", gami da farkon sigar Gulag)Prodrazvyorstka - buƙatar rarar noma (fiye da mafi ƙarancin ƙima) daga ƙauye don rarraba tsakanin sauran jama'a.Rarraba abinci da mafi yawan kayayyaki, tare da rarraba a tsakiya a cikin biraneAn dakatar da kasuwanci mai zaman kansaKula da hanyoyin jiragen kasa irin na sojaDomin gwamnatin Bolshevik ta aiwatar da duk waɗannan matakan a lokacin yakin basasa, ba su da daidaituwa sosai kuma sun daidaita a aikace fiye da yadda za su iya bayyana a takarda.Yawancin yankuna na Rasha sun kasance a waje da ikon Bolshevik, kuma rashin kyawun sadarwa yana nufin cewa ko da waɗancan yankuna masu biyayya ga gwamnatin Bolshevik sau da yawa dole ne su yi aiki da kansu, ba tare da umarni ko daidaitawa daga Moscow ba.An dade ana tafka muhawara kan ko "kwaminisanci na yaki" yana wakiltar ainihin manufar tattalin arziki ta ma'anar kalmar, ko kuma kawai jerin matakan da aka yi niyya don cin nasara yakin basasa.Manufofin Bolshevik na aiwatar da tsarin gurguzu na yaƙi wani lamari ne mai cike da cece-kuce.Wasu masu sharhi, ciki har da ’yan Bolshevik da yawa, sun yi iƙirarin cewa manufarsa ita ce ta ci nasara a yaƙin.Vladimir Lenin, alal misali, ya ce "Kwame rarar da aka yi wa manoma wani ma'auni ne da ya ɗora mu da yanayin da ya dace na lokacin yaƙi."Sauran 'yan Bolsheviks, irin su Yurii Larin, Lev Kritzman, Leonid Krasin, da Nikolai Bukharin, sun yi iƙirarin cewa mataki ne na wucin gadi ga tsarin gurguzu.Kwaminisanci na yaki ya yi nasara sosai a dalilinsa na farko na taimakon Red Army don dakatar da ci gaban sojojin farin kaya da kuma kwato mafi yawan yankunan daular Rasha daga baya.A garuruwa da karkarar da ke kewaye, jama'a sun sha wahala sakamakon yakin.Makiyaya, saboda tsananin ƙarancinsa, sun fara ƙin ba da haɗin kai wajen ba da abinci don yaƙi.Ma'aikata sun fara yin kaura daga garuruwa zuwa karkara, inda damar da za su iya ciyar da kansu ya yi yawa, don haka ya kara rage yuwuwar cinikin kayayyakin masana'antu don abinci tare da kara ta'azzara matsalolin da suka rage a birane, tattalin arziki da samar da masana'antu.Tsakanin 1918 zuwa 1920, Petrograd ya rasa kashi 70% na yawan jama'arta, yayin da Moscow ta rasa fiye da kashi 50%.

Rikicin Kuban, wanda kuma ake kira Gangamin Kuban na Biyu, an gwabza ne tsakanin Sojojin Fari da Red Army a lokacin yakin basasar Rasha.Sojojin Farin Kaya sun samu gagarumar nasara duk da cewa sun gaza a adadi a wajen karfin ma'aikata da manyan bindigogi.Ya haifar da kama Ekaterinodar da Novorossiysk a watan Agustan 1918 da kuma mamaye yammacin Kuban da sojojin White Army.Daga baya a cikin 1918 sun dauki Maykop, Armavir da Stavropol, kuma suka mika ikonsu a kan dukkan yankin Kuban.

Birnin, wanda ya kasance muhimmiyar cibiyar goyon baya ga juyin juya halin Oktoba kuma ya kasance a hannun Reds, anti-Bolshevik Don Cossacks ya kewaye shi sau uku a karkashin umarnin Pyotr Krasnov: Yuli-Satumba 1918, Satumba-Oktoba 1918. , da Janairu–Fabrairu 1919. Wani yunƙuri na cin nasara a Tsaritsyn ya kasance a watan Mayu-Yuni 1919 ta Sojojin sa kai, waɗanda suka yi nasarar kame birnin.Bi da bi, tsakanin Agusta 1919 da Janairu 1920, Whites kare birnin a kan Bolsheviks.Tsaritsyn a ƙarshe Reds suka ci nasara a farkon 1920.Tsaron Tsaritsyn, wanda ake yi wa lakabi da "Red Verdun", yana daya daga cikin abubuwan da aka fi bayyana da kuma tunawa da yakin basasa a tarihin Soviet, fasaha da farfaganda.Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa Joseph Stalin ya shiga cikin tsaron birnin tsakanin Yuli da Nuwamba 1918.

Ta'addancin Red Terror a cikin Tarayyar Soviet yaƙin neman zaɓe na siyasa da kisa da 'yan Bolshevik suka yi, musamman ta hanyar Cheka, 'yan sandan sirri na Bolshevik.Ya fara ne a ƙarshen Agusta 1918 bayan farkon yakin basasa na Rasha kuma ya kasance har zuwa 1922.Tashi bayan yunkurin kisan gilla kan Vladimir Lenin da shugaban Petrograd Cheka Moisei Uritsky, wanda karshensa ya yi nasara, an yi amfani da Red Ta'addanci a matsayin Mulkin Ta'addanci na juyin juya halin Faransa, tare da neman kawar da rashin amincewar siyasa, adawa, da duk wata barazana. Bolshevik iko.Fiye da yawa, kalmar yawanci ana amfani da ita ga Bolshevik danniya na siyasa a duk lokacin yakin basasa (1917-1922), kamar yadda aka bambanta da Farin Terror da White Army (Rukunin Rasha da wadanda ba na Rasha ba suka yi adawa da mulkin Bolshevik) a kan abokan gaba na siyasa. , ciki har da Bolsheviks.Ƙididdiga na jimlar adadin waɗanda abin ya shafa na danniya na Bolshevik ya bambanta da yawa a lambobi da iyaka.Wata majiya ta ba da kiyasin kisa 28,000 a kowace shekara daga Disamba 1917 zuwa Fabrairu 1922. Kididdigar adadin mutanen da aka harbe a farkon lokacin jajayen ta'addanci ya kai akalla 10,000.Kiyasi na tsawon lokacin yana tafiya ƙasa da 50,000 zuwa sama na 140,000 da 200,000 da aka kashe.Ƙididdiga mafi aminci ga adadin kisa gabaɗaya ya sanya adadin ya kai kusan 100,000.

A ranar 13 ga watan Nuwamban shekarar 1918, bayan rugujewar gwamnatin tsakiya da sojojin kasar a ranar 11 ga watan Nuwamban shekarar 1918, kasar Rasha Vladimir Lenin ta soke yarjejeniyar Brest-Litovsk, ta kuma fara matsar da sojojin zuwa yammacin kasar, domin farfado da tsaron yankunan Ober Ost da Jamus ta balle. sojojin da kasar Rasha ta rasa a karkashin yarjejeniyar.Lenin ya ga sabuwar Poland mai cin gashin kanta (wanda aka kafa a watan Oktoba – Nuwamba 1918) a matsayin gadar da Red Army zai haye don taimakawa sauran ƙungiyoyin gurguzu da kuma kawo ƙarin juyin juya halin Turai.A sa'i daya kuma, manyan 'yan siyasar Poland na bangarori daban-daban sun bi sahun gaba daya na maido da iyakokin kasar kafin shekarar 1772.Wannan ra’ayin ne ya motsa shi, shugaban ƙasar Poland Józef Piłsudski ya fara tura sojoji zuwa gabas.A cikin 1919, yayin da Soviet Red Army har yanzu suna shagaltu da yakin basasar Rasha na 1917-1922, Sojojin Poland sun mamaye yawancin Lithuania da Belarus.A watan Yuli na shekara ta 1919, sojojin Poland sun mamaye yawancin yammacin Ukraine kuma sun yi nasara daga yakin Poland da Ukraine na Nuwamba 1918 zuwa Yuli 1919. A gabashin Ukraine da ke kan iyaka da Rasha, Symon Petliura ya yi ƙoƙari ya kare Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Ukrain. , amma yayin da Bolsheviks suka sami galaba a yakin basasar Rasha, sun ci gaba zuwa yamma zuwa kasashen Ukraine da ake takaddama a kai kuma suka sa sojojin Petliura suka ja da baya.Rage zuwa ƙaramin yanki a yamma, Petliura an tilasta masa ya nemi haɗin gwiwa tare da Piłsudski, bisa hukuma a watan Afrilu 1920.Piłsudski ya yi imanin cewa hanya mafi kyau da Poland za ta iya tabbatar da iyakoki mai kyau ita ce ta aikin soja kuma zai iya karya sojojin Red Army cikin sauki.Laifinsa na Kiev ya fara ne a ƙarshen Afrilu 1920 kuma ya haifar da mamaye Kiev ta Poland da sojojin Yukren a ranar 7 ga Mayu.Sojojin Tarayyar Soviet da ke yankin, wadanda ba su da karfi, ba a ci nasara ba, saboda sun kauce wa manyan fadace-fadace, suka ja da baya.Rundunar Red Army ta mayar da martani ga harin na Poland tare da hare-hare: daga 5 ga Yuni a kan kudancin Ukrainian kuma daga 4 ga Yuli a arewacin gaba.Rundunar Soviet ta tura sojojin Poland zuwa yamma har zuwa Warsaw, babban birnin Poland, yayin da Hukumar Kula da Ukraine ta tsere zuwa Yammacin Turai.Tsoron sojojin Soviet da suka isa kan iyakokin Jamus ya kara sha'awa da shigar da kasashen yammacin Turai cikin yakin.A tsakiyar lokacin rani faduwar Warsaw ya yi kama da tabbas amma a tsakiyar watan Agusta igiyar ruwa ta sake komawa bayan da sojojin Poland suka samu nasara ba zato ba tsammani a yakin Warsaw (12 zuwa 25 ga Agusta 1920).A sakamakon ci gaban gabas da Poland ya biyo baya, Soviets sun kai ƙarar neman zaman lafiya, kuma yaƙin ya ƙare da tsagaita wuta a ranar 18 ga Oktoba 1920. Amincin Riga, da aka sanya hannu a ranar 18 ga Maris 1921, ya raba yankunan da ake takaddama a tsakanin Poland da Soviet Rasha.Yaƙin da yarjejeniyar yarjejeniya sun ƙayyade iyakar Soviet-Poland don sauran lokacin tsaka-tsakin.

Operation Kazan shi ne harin da sojojin Red Army suka kai wa sojojin Czechoslovak da kuma sojojin jama'ar Komuch a lokacin yakin basasar Rasha.Wannan ita ce babbar nasara ta farko ta Red Army.Trotsky yayi magana game da wannan nasara a matsayin abin da ya faru wanda "ya koyar da sojojin Red don yin yaki".A ranar 11 ga Satumba, Simbirsk ya fadi, kuma a ranar 8 ga Oktoba Samara.Farin fata sun koma gabas zuwa Ufa da Orenburg.

Armistice na 11 Nuwamba 1918 shi ne armistice da aka sanya hannu a Le Francport kusa da Compiègne wanda ya kawo karshen fada a kan kasa, teku, da iska a yakin duniya na daya tsakanin Entente da abokin hamayyarsu na karshe, Jamus .An amince da makaman da suka gabata tare da Bulgaria , daular Ottoman da Ostiriya- Hungary .An kammala taron ne bayan da gwamnatin Jamus ta aike da sako ga shugaban Amurka Woodrow Wilson da ya yi shawarwari kan sharudda bisa jawabin da ya yi a baya-bayan nan da nasa da aka ayyana a matsayin "Babu goma sha hudu", wanda daga baya ya zama ginshikin mika wuya Jamusawa a taron zaman lafiya na birnin Paris. , wanda ya faru a shekara ta gaba.Jamus ta fice daga Ukraine gaba daya .Skoropadsky ya bar Kiev tare da Jamus, kuma Hetmanate ya bi da bi da bi da gurguzu Directorate.

A watan Satumba 1918, da Komuch, da Siberian wucin gadi gwamnatin, da kuma sauran anti-Bolshevik Rashawa amince a lokacin Jiha Meeting a Ufa kafa wani sabon wucin gadi All-Rasha gwamnatin a Omsk, karkashin jagorancin wani Directory na biyar: biyu Socialist-Revolutionaries.Nikolai Avksentiev da Vladimir Zenzinov, lauyan Kadet VA Vinogradov, Firayim Ministan Siberiya Vologodskii, da Janar Vasily Boldyrev.A cikin kaka na 1918 anti-Bolshevik White sojojin a gabas sun hada da Jama'a Army (Komuch), da Siberian Army (na Siberian gwamnatin wucin gadi) da kuma 'yan tawayen Cossack raka'a na Orenburg, Ural, Siberiya, Semirechye, Baikal, Amur da Ussuri Cossacks. , bisa ga umarnin Janar VG Boldyrev, Babban Kwamandan, wanda Hukumar Ufa ta nada.A kan Volga, Col. Kappel's White detachment ya kama Kazan a ranar 7 ga Agusta, amma Reds sun sake kwace birnin a ranar 8 ga Satumba 1918 bayan wani farmaki.A kan 11th Simbirsk ya fadi, kuma a ranar 8 ga Oktoba Samara.Farin fata sun koma gabas zuwa Ufa da Orenburg.A cikin Omsk gwamnatin wucin gadi ta Rasha ta shiga cikin hanzari kuma daga baya mamayar sabon Ministan Yakinta, Rear-Admiral Kolchak.A ranar 18 ga Nuwamba wani juyin mulki ya kafa Kolchak a matsayin kama-karya.Biyu mambobi na Directory aka kama, kuma daga baya kora, yayin da Kolchak aka shelar "Supreme Ruler", da kuma "Kwamandan duk ƙasar da na ruwa sojojin na Rasha."A tsakiyar Disamba 1918 sojojin farar fata dole ne su bar Ufa, amma sun daidaita wannan gazawar tare da nasarar tuki zuwa Perm, wanda suka ɗauka a ranar 24 ga Disamba.Kusan shekaru biyu, Kolchak ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban kasa da Rasha ta amince da shi a duniya.

Yaƙin 'yancin kai na Estoniya, wanda kuma aka sani da Yaƙin 'Yancin Estoniya, yaƙin neman zaɓe ne na Sojojin Estoniya da ƙawayenta, musamman Burtaniya, kan harin yamma na Bolshevik na 1918-1919 da 1919 ta'addanci na Baltische Landeswehr.Yaƙin neman zaɓe shi ne gwagwarmayar sabuwar ƙasar Estonia da ta kafa mulkin demokraɗiyya don samun 'yancin kai bayan yakin duniya na ɗaya .Ya haifar da nasara ga Estonia kuma an kammala shi a cikin Yarjejeniyar Tartu ta 1920.

An yi yakin Operation na Arewacin Caucasus tsakanin sojojin Fari da Red Army a lokacin yakin basasar Rasha tsakanin Disamba 1918 zuwa Maris 1919. Sojojin White Army sun kame daukacin Arewacin Caucasus.Red Army ya koma Astrahan da Volga delta.

Yaƙin cin gashin kai na Latvia za a iya raba shi zuwa wasu matakai kaɗan: harin Soviet, 'yantar da Jamusanci-Latvia na Kurzeme da Riga, 'yantar da Estoniya-Latvia na Vidzeme, Bermontian m, 'yanci na Latgale-Polish na Latgale.Yaƙin ya ƙunshi Latvia (gwamnatin wucin gadi ta Estonia, Poland da Ƙungiyoyin Yammacin Turai - musamman ma sojojin ruwa na United Kingdom) da SFSR na Rasha da Jamhuriyar Socialist Soviet na Latvia na gajeren lokaci na Bolsheviks.

Bayan da aka kori sojojin Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Ukrainian daga Kharkiv da Kyiv da kuma kafa Jamhuriyar gurguzu ta Soviet, a cikin Maris 1919 Red Army sun kai hari a tsakiyar Donbas, wanda sojojin Jamus na Imperial suka yi watsi da su a cikin Nuwamba 1918 kuma sun yi watsi da su. daga baya Sojojin sa kai suka mamaye shi.Manufarta ita ce sarrafa yankuna masu mahimmanci da mahimmancin tattalin arziki, wanda zai ba da damar ci gaba zuwa Crimea, Tekun Azov da Bahar Black.Bayan yaƙe-yaƙe mai tsanani, ya yi yaƙi da sa'a mai mahimmanci, ya mallaki manyan cibiyoyin a wannan yanki (Yuzivka, Luhansk, Debaltseve, Mariupol) har zuwa karshen Maris, lokacin da ya rasa su ga Whites karkashin jagorancin Vladimir May-Mayevsky.A ranar 20 ga Afrilu, gaban ya shimfiɗa tare da layin Dmitrovsk-Horlivka, kuma fararen fata suna da hanyar buɗe hanya zuwa Kharkiv, babban birnin Ukrainian SSR.Har zuwa ranar 4 ga Mayu, Luhansk ya yi tir da harin nasu.Ƙarin nasarorin da Sojojin Kudancin Rasha suka samu a watan Mayu 1919 sun sami tagomashi ta hanyar rikici na Reds tare da anarchists na Nestor Makhno (wanda har yanzu abokansu ne a cikin Maris) da tawaye na abokin tarayya na Bolshevik, Otaman Nykyfor Hryhoriv.Yaƙin Donbas ya ƙare a farkon watan Yunin 1919 tare da cikakken nasara ga fararen fata, waɗanda suka ci gaba da kai farmaki zuwa Kharkiv, Katerynoslav, sannan Crimea, Mykolaiv da Odesa.

A watan Fabrairun 1919 gwamnatin Burtaniya ta janye sojojinta daga tsakiyar Asiya.Duk da nasarar da rundunar ta Red Army ta samu, hare-haren da sojojin farin kaya suka kai a Turai Rasha da wasu yankuna sun karya hanyar sadarwa tsakanin Moscow da Tashkent.A wani lokaci Asiya ta Tsakiya gaba ɗaya ta katse daga sojojin Red Army a Siberiya.Ko da yake gazawar sadarwa ta raunana sojojin Red Army, Bolsheviks sun ci gaba da kokarin neman goyon bayan jam'iyyar Bolshevik a tsakiyar Asiya ta hanyar gudanar da taron yanki na biyu a cikin Maris.A yayin taron, an kafa ofishin yanki na kungiyoyin musulmi na jam'iyyar Bolshevik ta Rasha.Jam'iyyar Bolshevik ta ci gaba da kokarin samun goyon baya a tsakanin 'yan asalin kasar ta hanyar ba ta ra'ayi na mafi kyawun wakilci ga jama'ar Asiya ta tsakiya kuma a duk karshen shekara na iya kiyaye jituwa da mutanen tsakiyar Asiya.Matsalolin sadarwa da sojojin Red Army a Siberiya da Turai Rasha sun daina zama matsala a tsakiyar Nuwamba 1919. Nasarar da Red Army ta samu a arewacin Asiya ta Tsakiya ya sa aka sake kafa hanyar sadarwa tare da Moscow kuma Bolshevik sun yi iƙirarin nasara a kan White Army a Turkestan. .A cikin Ural-Guryev aiki na 1919-1920, Red Turkestan Front ci da Ural Army.A lokacin hunturu 1920, Ural Cossacks da iyalansu, kusan mutane 15,000, sun nufi kudu tare da gabashin gabar Tekun Caspian zuwa Fort Alexandrovsk.Ɗari kaɗan ne kawai daga cikinsu suka isa Farisa a watan Yuni 1920. An kafa rundunar soja mai zaman kanta ta Orenburg daga Orenburg Cossacks da wasu sojojin da suka yi tawaye ga Bolshevik.A lokacin hunturu 1919-20, Sojojin Orenburg sun koma Semirechye a cikin abin da aka sani da Maris, kamar yadda rabin mahalarta suka mutu.A cikin Maris 1920 ragowarta sun ketare iyaka zuwa yankin Arewa maso yammacin kasarSin .

De-Cossackization shi ne tsarin Bolshevik na tsarin zalunci ga Cossacks na Daular Rasha, musamman na Don da Kuban, tsakanin 1919 da 1933 da nufin kawar da Cossacks a matsayin wani yanki na musamman ta hanyar kawar da Cossack elite, tilasta duk sauran Cossacks. cikin yarda da kawar da bambancin Cossack.Yaƙin neman zaɓe ya fara ne a cikin Maris 1919 don mayar da martani ga karuwar tawaye na Cossack.A cewar Nicolas Werth, daya daga cikin mawallafin The Black Book of Communism, shugabannin Soviet sun yanke shawarar "kawar, kawar da su, da kuma korar al'ummar yanki baki daya", wanda suka dauka suna kiran "Soviet Vendée".A wasu lokuta ana bayyana De-Cossackization a matsayin kisan kare dangi na Cossacks, kodayake wannan ra'ayi yana da sabani, tare da wasu masana tarihi sun tabbatar da cewa wannan lakabin ƙari ne.Wani masani Peter Holquist ya bayyana tsarin a matsayin wani bangare na "rashin tausayi" da "yunƙurin kawar da ƙungiyoyin zamantakewar da ba a so" wanda ya nuna " sadaukarwar gwamnatin Soviet ga aikin injiniya na zamantakewa ".A cikin wannan lokacin, manufofin sun sami gyare-gyare masu mahimmanci, wanda ya haifar da "daidaita" na Cossacks a matsayin wani ɓangare na al'ummar Soviet.

A ranar 4 ga Maris, Sojojin Siberiya na Farin Ciki sun fara ci gaba.A ranar 8 ga Maris ta kama Okhansk da Osa kuma ta ci gaba da tafiya zuwa kogin Kama.A ranar 10 ga Afrilu sun kama Sarapul kuma suka rufe Glazov.A ranar 15 ga Afrilu, sojojin Siberiya na gefen dama sun yi tuntuɓar runduna ta Arewa Front a wani yanki da ba kowa a cikin jama'a kusa da kogin Pechora.A ranar 6 ga Maris, Sojojin Yamma na Hanzhin sun buge tsakanin Red 5th da 2nd Army.Bayan kwanaki hudu na yaki da Red 5th Army aka murkushe, ragowar ta koma Simbirsk da Samara.Reds ba su da dakarun da za su rufe Chistopol tare da ajiyar burodi.Wani ci gaba ne mai dabara, kwamandojin runduna ta 5 ta Red's sun gudu daga Ufa kuma sojojin White Western Army sun kama Ufa ba tare da wani fada ba a ranar 16 ga Maris.A ranar 6 ga Afrilu sun ɗauki Sterlitamak, Bebebey washegari da Bugulma a ranar 10 ga Afrilu.A Kudu, Dutov's Orenburg Cossacks sun ci Orsk a ranar 9 ga Afrilu kuma suka ci gaba zuwa Orenburg.Bayan samun bayanai game da shan kashi na 5th Army Mikhail Frunze, wanda ya zama kwamandan Red Southern Army Group, yanke shawarar ba su ci gaba, amma don kare matsayi da kuma jira ƙarfafawa.A sakamakon haka, Red Army ya sami damar dakatar da farin ci gaba a kudancin gefen kuma ya shirya tashin hankali.Rundunar Sojojin Farin Kaya ta yi wani gagarumin ci gaba a tsakiya, amma rundunar ta Red Army ta samu damar shirya kai farmaki a kudancin kudancin kasar.

A farkon watan Maris na shekara ta 1919, an fara kai hari ga fararen hula a gabas.An sake kama Ufa a ranar 13 ga Maris;A tsakiyar watan Afrilu, Sojojin White sun tsaya a layin Glazov-Chistopol-Bugulma-Buguruslan-Sharlyk.Reds sun fara kai farmaki kan dakarun Kolchak a karshen watan Afrilu.A gefen kudanci, rundunar soja mai zaman kanta ta White Orenburg ta yi ƙoƙarin kama Orenburg ba tare da nasara ba.Sabon kwamandan Janar Petr Belov ya yanke shawarar yin amfani da ajiyarsa, 4th Corps, don kare Orenburg daga arewa.Amma kwamandan Red Gaya Gai ya tattara tare da murkushe fararen fata yayin yakin kwanaki 3 daga 22-25 ga Afrilu kuma ragowar sojojin White sun canza bangarori.A sakamakon haka, babu wani fakewa ga hanyoyin sadarwa na baya-bayan nan na rundunar sojojin White Western.Ranar Afrilu, 25, Babban Dokar Reds' Eastern Front ya ba da umarnin ci gaba.A ranar Afrilu, 28, Reds sun murkushe rarrabuwa 2 na fararen fata a yankin kudu maso gabas na Buguruslan.Yayin da yake murkushe gefen rundunonin fararen fata masu ci gaba, umarnin Reds ya umarci Rukunin Kudancin su ci gaba zuwa Arewa maso Yamma.Ranar 4 ga Mayu, 4, Red 5th Army ya kama Buguruslan, kuma Whites ya yi sauri ya koma Bugulma.Ranar 6 ga Mayu, Mikhail Frunze (Kwamandan Red's Southern Group) yayi ƙoƙari ya kewaye White Forces, amma Whites sun koma gabas da sauri.A ranar 13 ga watan Mayu ne sojojin Red 5th Army suka kama Bugulma ba tare da wani fada ba.Aleksandr Samoilo (sabon kwamandan kungiyar Red's Eastern Front) ya dauki rundunar soji ta 5 daga bangaren Kudancin kasar inda ya ba da umarnin kaddamar da yajin aiki a yankin Arewa maso Gabas saboda taimakon da suka baiwa kungiyar Arewa.Rukunin Kudancin sun sami ƙarfafa ta ƙungiyoyin bindigogi 2.Dole ne Whites da ke waje su ja da baya daga Bebebey zuwa gabas, amma Samoilo bai gane cewa an ci nasara ba kuma ya umarci dakarunsa su tsaya.Frunze bai yarda ba kuma a ranar 19 ga Mayu, Samoilo ya umarci sojojinsa su bi abokan gaba.Farar fata sun tattara runduna ta 6 na sojojin ƙasa kusa da Ufa kuma suka yanke shawarar zawar da sojojin Turkiyya.A ranar 28 ga watan Mayu ne farar fata suka tsallaka kogin Belaya, amma an murkushe su a ranar 29 ga Mayu, kuma a ranar 30 ga Mayu, sojojin Red 5th kuma suka keta kogin Belaya suka kama Birsk a ranar 7 ga Yuni. Kogin ya kama Ufa a ranar 9 ga Yuni. Ranar 16 ga watan Yuni farar fata suka fara ja da baya a gabas ta gaba daya.Rashin nasarar da Whites suka yi a Cibiyar da Kudu, ya ba da damar Red Army su ketare tsaunukan Ural.Ci gaban Red Army a tsakiya da Kudu ya tilasta wa kungiyar Arewa ta Fari (Sojan Siberiya) ja da baya, saboda a yanzu sojojin Red sun iya yanke hanyoyin sadarwa.

Ƙarfin soja na Denikin ya ci gaba da girma a cikin 1919, tare da manyan bindigogi daga Birtaniya.A watan Janairu, Sojojin Denikin na Kudancin Rasha (AFSR) sun kammala kawar da sojojin Red a arewacin Caucasus kuma suka koma arewa, a kokarin kare gundumar Don.A ranar 18 ga Disamba, 1918, sojojin Faransa sun sauka a Odessa sannan kuma Crimea, amma sun kwashe Odessa a ranar 6 ga Afrilu 1919, da Crimea a ƙarshen wata.A cewar Chamberlin, "Amma Faransa ta ba da taimakon da ba ta da amfani ga farar fata fiye da yadda Ingila ta yi; aikinta na cin gashin kansa na shiga tsakani, a Odessa, ya ƙare a cikin cikakkiyar fiasco."Daga nan sai Denikin ya sake tsara rundunar Sojin Kudancin Rasha a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Vladimir May-Mayevsky, Vladimir Sidorin, da Pyotr Wrangel.A ranar 22 ga Mayu, sojojin Caucasian na Wrangel sun ci nasara kan sojojin 10 (RSFSR) a yakin Velikoknyazheskaya, sannan suka kama Tsaritsyn a ranar 1 ga Yuli.Sidorin ya ci gaba zuwa arewa zuwa Voronezh, yana ƙara ƙarfin sojojinsa a cikin wannan tsari.A ranar 25 ga Yuni, May-Mayevsky ya kama Kharkov, sannan Ekaterinoslav a ranar 30 ga Yuni, wanda ya tilasta Reds barin Crimea.A ranar 3 ga Yuli, Denikin ya ba da umarninsa na Moscow, wanda sojojinsa za su taru a Moscow.

Ci gaba a kan Moscow wani yaƙin neman zaɓe ne na rundunar sojojin farin kaya na Kudancin Rasha (AFSR), wanda aka ƙaddamar da RSFSR a cikin Yuli 1919 a lokacin Yaƙin basasa na Rasha.Makasudin yakin shine kama birnin Moscow, wanda a cewar babban hafsan sojojin kasar Anton Denikin, zai taka muhimmiyar rawa a sakamakon yakin basasa da kuma kawo farin ciki kusa da nasara na karshe.Bayan nasarar farko, inda aka kwace birnin Oryol mai tazarar kilomita 360 (220 mi) daga Moscow, sojojin Denikin da suka wuce gona da iri sun sha kashi sosai a jerin fadace-fadacen da aka yi a watan Oktoba da Nuwamba 1919.Yaƙin neman zaɓe na Moscow na AFSR na iya kasu kashi biyu: hare-haren AFSR (3 Yuli-10 Oktoba) da kuma ta'addanci na Red Southern Front (11 Oktoba-Nuwamba 18).

Hare-haren da aka kai a watan Agusta na Kudancin Front (14 Agusta - 12 Satumba 1919) wani hari ne a lokacin yakin basasar Rasha da sojojin Kudancin Front na Red Army suka yi a kan sojojin White Guard na Anton Denikin.An gudanar da hare-haren ne da kungiyoyi biyu masu kai hare-hare, babban abin da ya faru ya nufi yankin Don.Sojojin Red Army ba su iya aiwatar da aikin da aka ba su ba, amma ayyukansu sun jinkirta harin da sojojin Denikin suka yi.

Yakin Peregonovka wani rikici ne na soji na watan Satumba na shekarar 1919 inda Sojojin Revolutionary Revolutionary na Ukraine suka fatattaki Sojojin sa kai.Bayan sun ja da baya a yammacin kasar ta Ukraine tsawon watanni hudu da kilomita 600, Sojojin na Tawaye sun juya gabas tare da baiwa Sojojin sa kai mamaki.Dakarun masu tayar da kayar baya sun kwato babban birnin Huliaipole cikin kwanaki goma.Rashin nasarar da aka yi a Peregonovka ya nuna alamar juyayi ga dukan yakin basasa, tare da wasu jami'an fararen fata da yawa suna magana a wannan lokacin: "Ya ƙare."Bayan da aka gwabza fada ne sojojin ‘yan tada kayar bayan suka rabu domin cin gajiyar nasarar da suka samu da kuma kwace yankuna da dama.A cikin sama da mako guda, maharan sun mamaye wani yanki mai fadi a kudanci da gabashin Ukraine, wadanda suka hada da manyan biranen Kryvyi Rih, Yelysavethrad, Nikopol, Melitopol, Oleksandrivsk, Berdiansk, Mariupol da kuma babban birnin masu tada kayar baya na Huliaipole.Ya zuwa ranar 20 ga Oktoba, 'yan tawayen sun mamaye yankin kudancin Katerynoslav, sun kwace cikakken ikon hanyar layin dogo na yankin tare da toshe tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Allied a gabar tekun kudanci.Da yake a yanzu an katse farar fata daga layukan da suke samarwa, an dakatar da ci gaba a kan Moscow a nisan kilomita 200 daga wajen babban birnin Rasha, tare da karkatar da sojojin Cossack na Konstantin Mamontov da Andrei Shkuro zuwa Ukraine.Tawagar Mamontov mai dakaru 25,000 cikin gaggawa ta tilastawa 'yan tawayen fadowa daga tekun Azov, inda suka yi watsi da iko da tashar jiragen ruwa na biranen Berdiansk da Mariupol.Duk da haka, 'yan tawayen sun ci gaba da iko da Dnieper kuma sun ci gaba da kwace garuruwan Pavlohrad, Synelnykove da Chaplyne.A cikin tarihin tarihin yakin basasa na Rasha, nasarar da aka samu a Peregonovka an danganta shi da mummunan shan kashi na sojojin Anton Denikin da kuma sakamakon yakin da kansa.

Manufar kasa da kasa don tallafa wa farar Rashawa da kuma, a cikin sabon sakataren harkokin wajen yaki Winston Churchill, kalmomin "makewa a lokacin haihuwa da Bolshevik State" ya zama ƙara rashin yarda a Birtaniya.A cikin Janairu 1919 Daily Express ta kasance tana ta ra'ayin jama'a lokacin da, ta fassara Bismarck, ta ce, "daskararrun filayen Gabashin Turai ba su da darajar kasusuwan gurnati ɗaya".Ofishin Yakin Biritaniya ya aika Janar Henry Rawlinson zuwa Arewacin Rasha don ya zama kwamandan korar daga Archangelsk da Murmansk.Janar Rawlinson ya isa a ranar 11 ga Agusta. A safiyar ranar 27 ga Satumba, 1919, sojojin kawance na ƙarshe sun tashi daga Archangelsk, kuma a ranar 12 ga Oktoba, Murmansk ya yi watsi da shi.Amurka ta nada Birgediya Janar Wilds P. Richardson a matsayin kwamandan sojojin Amurka don tsara shirin janyewar daga Arkhangelsk.Richardson da ma’aikatansa sun isa Archangelsk a ranar 17 ga Afrilu, 1919. A ƙarshen watan Yuni, yawancin sojojin Amurka suna komawa gida kuma a watan Satumba na shekara ta 1919, sojan Amurka na ƙarshe na Balaguro ya bar Arewacin Rasha.

Janar Yudenich ya shafe lokacin bazara yana shirya Sojojin Arewa maso Yamma a Estonia tare da goyon bayan gida da Birtaniya.A cikin Oktoba 1919, ya yi ƙoƙari ya kama Petrograd a wani harin kwatsam tare da dakarun kusan 20,000.Harin dai ya yi tasiri sosai, inda aka yi amfani da hare-haren da daddare da kuma bindigu na walƙiya, inda aka karkatar da ɓangarorin dakarun Red Army da ke karewa.Yudenich kuma yana da tankokin yaki na Burtaniya guda shida, wadanda ke haifar da firgici a duk lokacin da suka bayyana.Ƙungiyoyin ƙawance sun ba Yudenich taimako mai yawa, amma ya koka da rashin isasshen tallafi.A ranar 19 ga Oktoba, sojojin Yudenich sun isa wajen birnin.Wasu mambobin kwamitin tsakiya na Bolshevik a Moscow sun yarda su daina Petrograd, amma Trotsky ya ki yarda da asarar birnin kuma da kansa ya tsara matakan tsaro.Trotsky da kansa ya bayyana, "Ba zai yuwu ba 'yan tsirarun sojoji 15,000 tsoffin jami'ai su mallaki babban birnin masu aiki na mazauna 700,000."Ya zauna a kan dabarun tsaro na birane, yana mai shelar cewa birnin zai "kare kansa a kan kansa" kuma sojojin White Army za su yi hasara a cikin wani shinge na tituna masu kagara kuma a can "ya hadu da kabarinsa".Trotsky dauke da makamai duk samuwa ma'aikata, maza da mata, oda a canja wurin sojojin soja daga Moscow.A cikin 'yan makonni, sojojin Red Army da ke kare Petrograd sun ninka girma sau uku kuma sun zarce Yudenich uku zuwa daya.Yudenich, da karancin kayayyaki, sai ya yanke shawarar dakatar da kewayen birnin ya ja baya.Ya sha neman izinin janye sojojinsa ta kan iyaka zuwa Estonia.Duk da haka, sassan da ke ja da baya a kan iyakar sun kwance damara da umarnin gwamnatin Estoniya, wadanda suka shiga tattaunawar zaman lafiya da gwamnatin Soviet a ranar 16 ga Satumba kuma hukumomin Soviet sun sanar da shawarar da suka yanke a ranar 6 ga Nuwamba cewa idan White Army ya kasance. An ba da izinin komawa cikin Estonia, Reds za su bi ta kan iyaka.A gaskiya ma, Reds sun kai hari ga sojojin Estoniya kuma an ci gaba da gwabzawa har sai da tsagaita wuta ta fara aiki a ranar 3 ga Janairu 1920. Bayan Yarjejeniyar Tartu.yawancin sojojin Yudenich sun tafi gudun hijira.Tsohon daular Rasha sannan kuma Janar na Finnish Mannerheim ya shirya wani shiga tsakani don taimaka wa Farar fata a Rasha kama Petrograd.Duk da haka, bai sami goyon bayan da ya dace ba don wannan aikin.Lenin yayi la'akari da shi "tabbas tabbas, cewa ƙaramin taimako daga Finland zai ƙayyade makomar [birni]".

Sojojin Denikin sun zama babbar barazana kuma na dan lokaci suna barazanar isa Moscow.Sojojin Red Army, sun shimfiɗa bakin ciki ta hanyar faɗa a kowane fanni, an tilasta musu ficewa daga Kiev a ranar 30 ga Agusta.An dauki Kursk da Orel, a ranar 20 ga Satumba da 14 ga Oktoba, bi da bi.Ƙarshen, mil 205 (kilomita 330) daga Moscow, ita ce mafi kusancin AFSR da za ta zo wurin da ta ke so.Sojojin Cossack Don karkashin jagorancin Janar Vladimir Sidorin sun ci gaba da arewa zuwa Voronezh, amma sojojin dawakai na Semyon Budyonny sun ci su a can a ranar 24 ga Oktoba.Wannan ya ba da damar Red Army su ketare kogin Don, suna barazanar raba Don da Sojojin sa kai.An gwabza kazamin fada a mahadar layin dogo na Kastornoye, wanda aka yi a ranar 15 ga Nuwamba.An sake dawo da Kursk bayan kwana biyu.Kenez ya ce, "A watan Oktoba Denikin ya mulki fiye da mutane miliyan arba'in kuma ya mallaki sassan tattalin arziki mafi mahimmanci na Daular Rasha."Duk da haka, "Rundunar sojojin, waɗanda suka yi yaƙi da nasara a lokacin rani da farkon fall, sun koma cikin rashin lafiya a cikin Nuwamba da Disamba."Titin gaban Denikin ya yi yawa, yayin da ajiyarsa ya yi mu'amala da masu adawa da Makhno a baya.Tsakanin Satumba da Oktoba, Reds sun tattara sabbin sojoji dubu ɗari kuma suka ɗauki dabarun Trotsky-Vatsetis tare da runduna ta tara da ta goma waɗanda suka kafa VI Shorin ta Kudu maso Gabas tsakanin Tsaritsyn da Bobrov, yayin da runduna ta takwas, ta goma sha biyu, ta goma sha uku, da ta sha huɗu ta kafa AI Egorov's. Kudancin Front tsakanin Zhitomir da Bobrov.Sergey Kamenev ya kasance a gaba ɗaya kwamandan bangarorin biyu.A gefen hagu na Denikin shine Abram Dragomirov, yayin da a tsakiyarsa shine Sojojin sa kai na Vladimir May-Mayevsky, Don Cossacks na Vladimir Sidorin sun kasance gabas, tare da sojojin Caucasian na Pyotr Wrangel a Tsaritsyn, kuma ƙarin yana cikin Arewacin Caucasus yana ƙoƙarin kama Astrakhan.A ranar 20 ga Oktoba, an tilasta Mai-Maevskii ya kwashe Orel yayin aikin Orel-Kursk.A ranar 24 ga Oktoba, Semyon Budyonny ya kama Voronezh, da Kursk a ranar 15 ga Nuwamba, yayin aikin Voronezh-Kastornoye (1919).Ranar 6 ga Janairu, Reds sun isa Bahar Maliya a Mariupol da Taganrog, kuma a ranar 9 ga Janairu, sun isa Rostov.A cewar Kenez, "Yanzu Whites sun rasa dukkan yankunan da suka ci a 1919, kuma suna rike da kusan yankin da suka fara shekaru biyu da suka wuce."

Harin na Orel-Kursk wani hari ne da Rundunar Kudancin Tarayyar Soviet ta Tarayyar Soviet ta Red Army ta kai kan fararen hular sojojin sa kai na Kudancin Rasha a yankunan Orel, Kursk da Tula na Jamhuriyar Tarayyar Soviet ta Tarayyar Soviet tsakanin 11 ga Oktoba da kuma 18 Nuwamba 1919. Ya faru ne a kudancin Front na yakin basasa na Rasha kuma yana cikin mafi girman hare-haren 'yan tawayen kudancin Oktoba, wani aikin Red Army da ke da nufin dakatar da hare-haren na Moscow kwamandan Anton Denikin.Bayan gazawar da kungiyar Red Southern Front ta yi a watan Agusta don dakatar da farmakin na Moscow, Sojojin sa kai sun ci gaba da mayar da runduna ta 13 da ta 14 ta gaba, inda suka kwace Kursk.Sojojin da aka canjawa wuri daga wasu sassa na Kudancin Kudu sun ƙarfafa su, wanda hakan ya ba ta damar dawo da martabar lambobi a kan Sojojin sa-kai, kuma sun kaddamar da farmaki don dakatar da farmakin a ranar 11 ga Oktoba, tare da yin amfani da wata ƙungiyar firgita da ta ƙunshi sabbin sojoji.Duk da haka, sojojin sa kai sun yi nasarar magance shan kashi a hannun sojojin 13, inda suka kama Orel, ci gaba mafi kusa zuwa Moscow.Sai dai kungiyar ta Red shock ta kai hari a gefen sa kai na sojojin sa kai, wanda hakan ya tilastawa sojojin da ke jagorantar rundunarsu wajen kare kai harin.A cikin kazamin fada, Sojoji na 14 sun sake kwato Orel, daga nan ne sojojin Red suka fatattaki Sojojin sa-kai a yakin tsaro.Sojojin sa kai sun yi yunkurin kafa wani sabon layin tsaro, amma harin da jajayen sojan doki ya hana su.An kawo karshen harin a ranar 18 ga Nuwamba tare da sake kwato Kursk.Ko da yake rundunar ta Red Army ba ta yi nasarar lalata Sojojin sa kai ba, hare-haren ta'addancin na Kudancin Kudu ya nuna sauyin yanayi a yakin, domin ya sake dawo da dabarun da aka dauka na dindindin.

An fara ja da baya bayan da sojojin White Army suka sha kashi a cikin Omsk da kuma Novonikolaevsk Operation a watan Nuwamba-Disamba 1919. Sojojin, karkashin jagorancin Janar Kappel, sun ja da baya tare da Trans-Siberian Railway, ta yin amfani da jiragen kasa da ake samuwa don jigilar wadanda suka jikkata. .Runduna ta 5 ta Red Army karkashin jagorancin Genrich Eiche ta bi su da duga-dugan su.Komawar ta farar ya kasance mai sarkakiya saboda tashe-tashen hankula da dama a cikin garuruwan da suka wuce da kuma kai hare-hare ta 'yan banga, kuma sanyin Siberiya ya kara tsananta.Bayan jerin shan kashi, sojojin farar fata sun kasance a cikin halin rashin tausayi, kayan aiki na tsakiya ya gurgunta, ba a samu ba, kuma horo ya ragu sosai.Gudanar da layin dogo yana hannun rundunar sojojin Czechoslovak, sakamakon hana wasu sassan sojojin Janar Kappel damar yin amfani da layin dogo.Har ila yau, sojojin jam'iyyar karkashin jagorancin Alexander Kravchenko da Peter Efimovich Schetinkin sun tursasa su.Sojojin da ke bin Red 5th Army sun dauki Tomsk a ranar 20 ga Disamba 1919 da Krasnoyarsk a ranar 7 ga Janairu 1920. Wadanda suka tsira daga Maris sun sami mafaka a Chita, babban birnin Gabashin Okraina, yankin da ke karkashin iko da magajin Kolchak Grigory Mikhaylovich Semyonov, wanda aka tallafa masa. ta wani gagarumin kasancewar sojojin Japan.

A ranar 11 ga Maris, 1920, layin gaba yana da nisan kilomita 40-50 daga Novorossiysk.Sojojin Don da Kuban, waɗanda ba su da tsari a wancan lokacin, sun ja da baya cikin tsananin rashin ƙarfi.Ragowar Sojojin Sa-kai ne kawai ke rike da layin tsaron, wadanda aka rage musu suna zuwa kungiyar sa kai, wadanda kuma ke da matukar wahala wajen dakile harin na Red Army.A ranar 11 ga Maris, Janar George Milne, babban kwamandan sojojin Birtaniya a yankin, da Admiral Seymour, kwamandan rundunar jiragen ruwa ta Black Sea, sun isa Constantinople a Novorossiysk.An gaya wa Janar Anton Denikin cewa mutane 5,000-6,000 ne kawai Birtaniya za ta iya kwashe.A daren 26 ga Maris, a Novorossiysk ɗakunan ajiya suna konewa, kuma tankunan mai da harsashi suna fashewa.An gudanar da aikin kwashe mutanen ne a karkashin bataliyar bataliya ta biyu ta Royal Scots Fusiliers karkashin jagorancin Laftanar-Kanar Edmund Hakewill-Smith da kuma kungiyar Allied squadron da Admiral Seymour ya umarta, wadanda suka yi harbin kan tsaunuka, lamarin da ya hana Reds tunkarar birnin.Da wayewar gari ranar 26 ga Maris, jirgin na ƙarshe, jigilar Baron Beck na Italiya ya shiga Tekun Tsemessky, ya haifar da tashin hankali yayin da mutane ba su san inda zai sauka ba.Tsoron ya kai ga mafarauci lokacin da jama'a suka ruga zuwa gangway na wannan jirgin na karshe.An kai sojoji da farar hula 'yan gudun hijirar da ke cikin jiragen ruwa zuwa Crimea, Constantinople, Lemnos, tsibirin Prince, Serbia, Alkahira, da Malta.Ranar 27 ga Maris, Red Army ya shiga birnin.Rundunar Don, Kuban, da Terek, da aka bari a bakin teku, ba su da wani zaɓi sai dai su karɓi sharuɗɗan kuma su mika wuya ga Red Army.

Bayan harin Kiev na Poland, sojojin Soviet sun kaddamar da farmaki mai nasara a lokacin rani na 1920, wanda ya tilasta sojojin Poland su koma yamma a cikin rudani.Sojojin Poland sun yi kamar suna gab da wargajewa kuma masu lura da al'amura sun yi hasashen samun gagarumar nasara ta Tarayyar Soviet.An yi yakin Warsaw daga 12-25 ga Agusta, 1920 yayin da sojojin Red Army karkashin jagorancin Mikhail Tukhachevsky suka tunkari babban birnin Warsaw na Poland da kuma sansanin Modlin na kusa.A ranar 16 ga Agusta, sojojin Poland karkashin jagorancin Józef Piłsudski sun kai farmaki daga kudancin kasar, inda suka dakile farmakin abokan gaba, lamarin da ya tilastawa sojojin Rasha shiga cikin rashin tsari a gabas da kuma bayan kogin Neman.Wannan cin kashin da aka yi ya gurgunta Rundunar Sojan Sama;Vladimir Lenin, shugaban Bolshevik, ya kira shi "babban shan kashi" ga sojojinsa.A cikin watanni masu zuwa, wasu karin nasarorin da Poland suka samu sun tabbatar da 'yancin kai na Poland kuma sun kai ga cimma yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya da Soviet Rasha da Soviet Ukraine daga baya a waccan shekarar, wanda ya tabbatar da iyakokin gabashin kasar Poland har zuwa 1939. Dan siyasa kuma jami'in diflomasiyya Edgar Vincent yana kallon wannan taron a matsayin daya daga cikin fadace-fadacen da suka fi muhimmanci a tarihi a jerin faddaddun yakokinsa masu muhimmanci, tun bayan nasarar da Poland ta samu kan Soviets ya dakatar da yaduwar gurguzu zuwa yamma zuwa Turai.Nasarar Soviet, wanda zai haifar da ƙirƙirar Poland mai ra'ayin gurguzu mai ra'ayin gurguzu, da ta sanya Soviets kai tsaye a kan iyakar gabashin Jamus, inda aka sami gagarumin juyin juya hali a lokacin.

Tawayen Tambov na 1920-1921 na ɗaya daga cikin manyan tawaye na ƙauyen ƙauyen ƙauyen da suka ƙalubalanci gwamnatin Bolshevik a lokacin yakin basasar Rasha.Tashin hankalin ya faru ne a yankunan Tambov Oblast na zamani da kuma wani yanki na yankin Voronezh, kasa da kilomita 480 (300 mi) kudu maso gabashin Moscow.A cikin tarihin tarihin Soviet, an kira tawayen a matsayin Antonovschina ("Mutiny Antonov"), wanda ake kira bayan Alexander Antonov, tsohon jami'in Socialist Revolutionary Party, wanda ya yi adawa da gwamnatin Bolsheviks.Ya fara ne a cikin watan Agustan 1920 tare da juriya ga tilasta kwace hatsi kuma ya zama yakin basasa da Red Army, rukunin Cheka da hukumomin Rasha na Soviet.An lalata yawancin sojojin manoma a lokacin rani na 1921, ƙananan ƙungiyoyi sun ci gaba har zuwa shekara ta gaba.An kiyasta cewa an kama mutane kusan 100,000 tare da kashe kusan 15,000 a lokacin murkushe boren.Sojojin Red Army sun yi amfani da makami mai guba wajen yakar manoman.

Sifen Perekop shi ne yakin karshe na 'yan tawayen Kudu a yakin basasar Rasha daga 7 zuwa 17 ga Nuwamba 1920. Tsarin katanga na Çonğar ya ba da kariya ga sansanin fararen hula a tsibirin Crimean tare da dabarun Isthmus na Perekop da Sıvaş, daga wanda dakarun Crimea karkashin Janar Yakov Slashchov suka dakile yunkurin mamaye sojojin Red Army da dama a farkon shekarar 1920. Sojojin Kudancin Red Army da Revolutionary Revolutionary Army na Ukraine, karkashin jagorancin Mikhail Frunze, sun kaddamar da farmaki a kan Crimea tare da mamaya sojojin hudu. -Lokaci ya fi girma fiye da masu kare, Sojojin Rasha a karkashin jagorancin Janar Pyotr Wrangel.Duk da hasarar da suka yi masu yawa, Reds sun kutsa cikin katangar, kuma an tilastawa Fararen koma baya zuwa kudu.Bayan shan kashin da suka yi a harin da aka yi wa Perekop, Whites sun fice daga Crimea, inda suka wargaza sojojin Wrangel tare da kawo karshen yakin kudancin kasar a nasarar Bolshevik.

Bayan da gwamnatin Bolshevik ta Moscow ta kulla kawancen soji da siyasa tare da Nestor Makhno da ‘yan adawa na Ukraine, Sojojin ‘yan tawaye sun kai hari tare da fatattakar wasu rundunonin sojojin Wrangel a kudancin Ukraine, lamarin da ya tilasta masa ja da baya kafin ya samu nasarar kame girbin hatsi na wannan shekarar.Ya jajirce a kokarinsa na tabbatar da rikonsa, Wrangel daga nan ya kai hari arewa a wani yunƙuri na cin gajiyar nasarar sojojin Red Army na baya-bayan nan a ƙarshen Yaƙin Poland-Soviet na 1919-1920.Sojojin Red Army sun dakatar da harin, kuma sojojin Wrangel sun koma Crimea a watan Nuwambar 1920, da sojojin dawakai na Red da Black da sojojin da suka bi.Rundunar Wrangel ta kwashe shi da sojojinsa zuwa Konstantinoful a ranar 14 ga Nuwamba 1920, wanda ya kawo karshen gwagwarmayar Reds da Whites a Kudancin Rasha.

Yunwar Rasha ta 1921-1922 ta kasance matsananciyar yunwa a Jamhuriyar Tarayyar Soviet ta Tarayyar Soviet wadda ta fara a farkon bazara na 1921 kuma ta ci gaba har zuwa 1922. Yunwar ta samo asali ne daga hadewar tasirin tattalin arziki saboda juyin juya halin Rasha da yakin basasa na Rasha. , manufofin gwamnati na yaƙin kwaminisanci (musamman prodrazvyorstka), wanda ya tsananta da tsarin dogo wanda ba zai iya rarraba abinci yadda ya kamata ba.Wannan yunwa ta kashe kimanin mutane miliyan 5, wanda ya shafi yankunan Volga da Ural River, kuma manoma sun koma cin nama.Yunwa ta yi tsanani sosai har da alama za a ci iri-iri maimakon shuka.A wani lokaci, hukumomin agaji sun ba da abinci ga ma'aikatan jirgin don a kwashe kayansu.

Ranar 31 ga Janairu, 1921, wani ƙaramin tawaye ya barke a ƙauyen Chelnokovskom, a lardin Ishim, wanda nan da nan ya bazu zuwa yankunan da ke makwabtaka da Tyumen, Akmola , Omsk, Chelyabinsk, Tobolsk, Tomsk da Yekaterinburg, wanda ya sa Bolshevik ya rasa iko. na Yammacin Siberiya, daga Kurgan zuwa Irkutsk.Ita ce tashe tashen hankula mafi girma, ta yawan 'yan tawaye da fadada yankinsu, kuma watakila mafi karancin karatu.Sun mamaye yawan mutane miliyan uku da dubu dari hudu.Dalilan da ya sa su ne m binciken da sojoji 35,000 na "prodotriady" da aka girka a Siberiya bayan shan kaye na Kolchak da kuma cin zarafi na mulkin demokra] iyya, tun lokacin da Bolsheviks suka yi watsi da za ~ e na yanki.Manyan shugabannin wadannan makada sune Semyon Serkov, Václav Puzhevsky, Vasily Zheltovsky, Timofei Sitnikov, Stepan Danilov, Vladimir Rodin, Piotr Dolin, Grégory Atamanov, Afanasi Afanasiev da Petr Shevchenko.Shugaban majalisar sojan juyin juya hali na Red Revolution na yankin shine Ivan Smirnov, Vasili Shorin, Checkist Ivan Pavlunovsky da Makar Vasiliev.Ko da yake kafofin sun bambanta jimillar adadin manoma da ke cikin makamai daga 30,000 zuwa 150,000.Masanin tarihi Vladimir Shulpyakov ya ba da adadi na mutane 70,000 ko 100,000, amma mafi kusantar adadin shine 55,000 zuwa 60,000 na tawaye.Yawancin Cossacks daga yankin sun shiga.Sun mallaki jimillar gundumomi goma sha biyu kuma sun mamaye biranen Isim, Beryozovo, Obdorsk, Barabinsk, Kainsk, Tobolsk da Petropavlovsk, kuma sun kwace hanyar dogo ta Trans-Siberian tsakanin Fabrairu da Maris 1921.Jajircewar waɗannan ƴan tawaye ya haifar da mummunan yaƙin neman zaɓe daga Cheka.Shugaban Jam'iyyar a Siberiya, Ivan Smirnov, ya kiyasta cewa har zuwa Maris 12, 1921, an kashe manoma 7,000 a yankin Petropavl kadai da kuma wasu 15,000 a Ishim.A garin Aromashevo, tsakanin 28 ga Afrilu zuwa 1 ga Mayu, sojojin Red sun fuskanci manoma 10,000;700 Greens sun mutu a fada, da yawa sun nutse a cikin koguna lokacin da suka gudu, kuma an kama 5,700 da makamai masu yawa da ganima.Har tsawon kwanaki biyu ana farautar ganyen ba tare da ƙarewa ba.Nasarar ta baiwa Reds damar sake kwace iko da arewacin Isim.Hakika, tare da wadannan ayyuka, tare da kafa sansanonin dindindin, da kwamitocin juyin juya hali, da wata hanyar leken asiri, da kame shugabanni da dama - yin afuwa ta hanyar mika tsoffin abokan aikinsu, da kisan gilla, da yin garkuwa da 'yan uwa, da kuma harin bama-bamai na manyan bindigogi. daukacin kauyuka, manyan ayyuka sun kare sannan ‘yan tawayen suka koma siyar da ‘yan daba.A cikin Disamba 1922 rahotanni sun bayyana cewa "'yan fashi" sun ɓace duk da haka.

Yakin Volochayevka wani muhimmin yaki ne na gabas mai nisa a karshen yakin basasar Rasha.Ya faru ne a ranar 10 zuwa 12 ga Fabrairu, 1922, a kusa da tashar Volochayevka a kan Amur Railway, a wajen birnin Khabarovsk.Sojojin Juyin Juyin Juya Halin Jama'a na Jamhuriyar Gabas Mai Nisa a karkashin Vasily Blyuher sun fatattaki rundunonin sojojin farar fata masu adawa da juyin juya hali karkashin jagorancin Viktorin Molchanov.Ranar 13 ga Fabrairu, sojojin White Molchanov sun koma Khabarovsk kuma Red Army sun shiga birnin.Sojojin Red Army sun gaji sosai don bin rundunar White Army yadda ya kamata, wanda ya tsere daga kewaye.Duk da haka, dukiyar fararen fata ta ci gaba da tafiya a ƙasa bayan wannan yakin, kuma ragowar sojojin Farin da Jafananci a Gabas mai Nisa sun mika wuya ko kuma sun kwashe su a ranar 25 ga Oktoba, 1922.

A Siberiya, sojojin Admiral Kolchak sun wargaje.Shi da kansa ya ba da umarni bayan asarar Omsk kuma ya nada Janar Grigory Semyonov a matsayin sabon shugaban rundunar sojojin farin kaya a Siberiya.Ba da dadewa ba, jami'an Czechoslovak waɗanda ba su yarda ba sun kama Kolchak yayin da yake tafiya zuwa Irkutsk ba tare da kariya daga sojoji ba kuma aka mayar da shi cibiyar siyasa ta gurguzu a Irkutsk.Bayan kwanaki shida, an maye gurbin tsarin mulki da kwamitin soja da juyin juya hali wanda Bolshevik ya mamaye.A ranar 6-7 ga watan Fabrairu aka harbe Kolchak da firaministansa Victor Pepelyaev kuma aka jefa gawarwakinsu ta cikin kankarar kogin Angara da aka daskare, kafin isowar sojojin farin kaya a yankin.Ragowar sojojin Kolchak sun isa Transbaikalia kuma suka shiga sojojin Semyonov, suka kafa rundunar sojojin gabas mai nisa.Tare da goyon bayan sojojin Japan sun sami damar rike Chita, amma bayan janyewar sojojin Japan daga Transbaikalia, matsayin Semenov ya zama wanda ba zai iya tsayawa ba, kuma a cikin Nuwamba 1920 Red Army ya kore shi daga Transbaikalia kuma ya sami mafaka a kasar Sin.Jafanawa, wadanda suke da shirin mamaye yankin Amur, daga karshe sun janye sojojinsu yayin da sojojin Bolshevik suka tabbatar da iko da yankin gabas mai nisa na Rasha a hankali.A ranar 25 ga Oktoba, 1922 Vladivostok ya fada hannun Red Army, kuma an kashe gwamnatin Priamur na wucin gadi.

A tsakiyar Asiya, sojojin Red Army sun ci gaba da fuskantar turjiya har zuwa shekara ta 1923, inda basmachi (Rundunar mayakan Islama masu dauke da makamai) suka kafa don yakar Bolshevik.Soviets sun shiga cikin mutanen da ba na Rasha ba a tsakiyar Asiya, kamar Magaza Masanchi, kwamandan rundunan sojan doki Dungan, don yakar Basmachis.Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ba ta wargaza kungiyar gaba daya ba sai 1934.Janar Anatoly Pepelyayev ya ci gaba da juriya da makami a gundumar Ayano-Maysky har zuwa watan Yuni na shekara ta 1923. Yankunan Kamchatka da Arewacin Sakhalin sun ci gaba da zama karkashin mamayar Japan har sai da yarjejeniyar da suka kulla da Tarayyar Soviet a shekara ta 1925, inda daga karshe aka janye sojojinsu.Ƙungiyoyin ƴancin kai da dama sun bayyana bayan wargajewar daular Rasha da yaƙi.An kafa sassa da yawa na tsohuwar Daular Rasha—Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, da Poland —an kafa ƙasashe masu cin gashin kansu, tare da yaƙe-yaƙe na basasa da yaƙe-yaƙe na ‘yancin kai.Sauran tsohuwar daular Rasha ta kasance cikin Tarayyar Soviet jim kadan bayan haka.Sakamakon yakin basasa yana da matukar muhimmanci.Masanin ilimin kimiya na Soviet Boris Urlanis ya kiyasta adadin mutanen da aka kashe a yakin basasa da Yakin Poland-Soviet a matsayin 300,000 (125,000 a cikin Red Army, 175,500 White Army da Poles) da kuma adadin ma'aikatan soja da suka mutu daga cututtuka (a duka biyun). gefe) kamar 450,000.Boris Sennikov ya kiyasta jimillar asarar da aka yi tsakanin al'ummar yankin Tambov a cikin 1920 zuwa 1922 sakamakon yaki, kisa, da kuma dauri a sansanonin taro kamar kusan 240,000.A lokacin jajayen ta'addanci, kiyasin kisa na Cheka ya kai daga 12,733 zuwa miliyan 1.7.An kashe ko kuma fitar da wasu Cossacks 300,000-500,000 a lokacin Decossackization, daga cikin mutane kusan miliyan uku.Kimanin Yahudawa 100,000 aka kashe a Ukraine.Hukumomin hukunta manyan laifuka na All Great Don Cossack Host sun yanke wa mutane 25,000 hukuncin kisa tsakanin watan Mayu 1918 zuwa Janairu 1919. Gwamnatin Kolchak ta harbe mutane 25,000 a lardin Ekaterinburg kadai.Farin ta'addanci, kamar yadda zai zama sananne, ya kashe kusan mutane 300,000 gabaɗaya.A karshen yakin basasa SFSR na Rasha ya gaji kuma ya kusa lalacewa.Fari na 1920 da 1921, da kuma yunwar 1921, ya kara tsananta bala'in har yanzu, ya kashe kusan mutane miliyan 5.Cuta ta kai adadin annoba, inda mutane 3,000,000 suka mutu daga cutar ta typhus a duk lokacin yakin.Miliyoyin wasu kuma sun mutu sakamakon yunwa da yunwa, kisan kiyashin da bangarorin biyu suka yi da kuma pogros kan Yahudawa a Ukraine da kudancin Rasha.A shekara ta 1922 an sami akalla yara 7,000,000 a kan titi a Rasha sakamakon barna ta kusan shekaru goma daga yakin duniya na daya da yakin basasa.Wasu mutane miliyan ɗaya zuwa biyu, waɗanda aka fi sani da White émigres, sun tsere daga Rasha, yawancinsu tare da Janar Wrangel, wasu ta Gabas mai Nisa wasu kuma zuwa yamma zuwa cikin sabbin ƙasashen Baltic.Migres sun haɗa da kaso mai yawa na masu ilimi da ƙwararrun jama'ar Rasha.Tattalin arzikin Rasha ya ruguje sakamakon yakin, inda aka lalata masana'antu da gadoji, an yi awon gaba da shanu da albarkatun kasa, nakiyoyi sun cika ambaliya tare da lalata injina.Ƙimar samar da masana'antu ta ragu zuwa kashi ɗaya cikin bakwai na ƙimar 1913 da noma zuwa kashi ɗaya bisa uku.A cewar Pravda, "Ma'aikatan garuruwan da wasu kauyuka sun shake da yunwa. Layukan dogo da kyar suke rarrafe. Gidajen suna rugujewa. Garuruwan sun cika da tarkace. Annoba ta yadu da mutuwa-masana'antu sun lalace."An kiyasta cewa jimillar ma'adanai da masana'antu a cikin 1921 ya ragu zuwa kashi 20 cikin dari na matakin yakin duniya na farko, kuma abubuwa da yawa masu mahimmanci sun sami raguwa mai yawa.Misali, samar da auduga ya ragu zuwa kashi 5%, da kuma ƙarfe zuwa kashi 2%, na matakan yaƙi kafin yaƙi.Kwaminisanci na yaki ya ceci gwamnatin Soviet a lokacin yakin basasa, amma yawancin tattalin arzikin Rasha ya tsaya cik.Wasu manoma sun amsa buƙatun ta hanyar ƙin yin noman ƙasar.Ya zuwa shekarar 1921 noman da aka noma ya ragu zuwa kashi 62% na yankin da aka yi yakin kafin yakin, kuma yawan amfanin gona ya kasance kusan kashi 37% na al'ada.Adadin dawakai ya ragu daga miliyan 35 a 1916 zuwa miliyan 24 a 1920 da shanu daga miliyan 58 zuwa 37.Farashin musaya tare da dalar Amurka ya ragu daga rubles biyu a 1914 zuwa Rbls 1,200 a 1920.Da ƙarshen yaƙin, Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta daina fuskantar barazanar soji ga wanzuwarta da ikonta.Duk da haka, barazanar da aka yi na sake shiga tsakani, tare da gazawar juyin juya halin gurguzu a wasu ƙasashe - musamman juyin juya halin Jamus - ya ba da gudummawa ga ci gaba da aikin soja na al'ummar Soviet.Ko da yake Rasha ta sami ci gaban tattalin arziki cikin sauri a cikin shekarun 1930, haɗin gwiwar yakin duniya na ɗaya da yakin basasa ya bar tabo mai ɗorewa ga al'ummar Rasha kuma yana da tasiri na dindindin ga ci gaban Tarayyar Soviet.