Tsarin Teutonic

haruffa

nassoshi


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1190 - 1525

Tsarin Teutonic



Order of Brothers of German House of Saint Mary a Urushalima, wanda aka fi sani da Teutonic Order, shi ne na Katolika na addini oda kafa a matsayin soja oda c.1190 a Acre, Mulkin Urushalima .An kafa Dokar Teutonic don taimaka wa Kiristoci a kan aikin hajjinsu zuwa Kasa Mai Tsarki da kuma kafa asibitoci.Membobinta an san su da Teutonic Knights, suna da ƙaramin memba na soja na son rai da na haya, waɗanda ke aiki a matsayin odar soja ta yaƙi don kare Kiristoci a Ƙasar Mai Tsarki da Baltics a lokacin Tsakiyar Tsakiya.
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Ziyarci Shago

1190 - 1230
Zaman Gidauniyar Da Farkoornament
Asibitin da Jamusawa suka kafa
©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1191 Jan 1

Asibitin da Jamusawa suka kafa

Acre, Israel
Bayan asarar Urushalima a cikin 1187, wasu 'yan kasuwa daga Lübeck da Bremen sun ɗauki ra'ayin kuma suka kafa asibitin filin don tsawon lokacin Siege na Acre a 1190, wanda ya zama jigon tsari.Sun fara bayyana kansu a matsayin Asibitin St. Mary na gidan Jamus a Urushalima.Sarkin Urushalima ya ba su wani yanki na hasumiya a Acre.An sake aiwatar da wasiyyar a ranar 10 ga Fabrairu, 1192;umarnin watakila ya raba hasumiyar tare da odar Ingilishi na Asibitin St. Thomas.
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An kafa odar Teutonic azaman odar soja
Sarki Richard a Siege na Acre ©Michael Perry
1198 Mar 5

An kafa odar Teutonic azaman odar soja

Acre, Israel
Dangane da samfurin Knights Templar , an canza tsarin Teutonic zuwa tsarin soja a 1198 kuma shugaban tsarin ya zama sananne da Grand Master (magister hospitalis).Ta karɓi umarnin Paparoma don yaƙin yaƙi da yaƙe-yaƙe don ɗaukar Kudus don Kiristanci da kare ƙasa mai tsarki daga Sarakunan Musulmi.Bikin da aka yi a Temple na Acre ya samu halartar shuwagabannin addini da na malamai na masarautar Latin .
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Oda samun launukansa
©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1199 Feb 19

Oda samun launukansa

Jerusalem, Israel

Bull na Paparoma Innocent III ya tabbatar da sanya Teutonic Knights na sanye da farar rigar Templars da bin dokar Asibitoci .

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Rikici tsakanin Umarni
©Osprey Publishing
1209 Jan 1

Rikici tsakanin Umarni

Acre, Israel
Teutonic Knights gefen tare da Asibitoci da Barons a Acre a kan Templars da prelates;asalin adawa mai tsayi tsakanin Templars da Teutonic Knights.
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Grand Master Hermann von Salza
Hermannus de Saltza, karni na 17, Deutschordenshaus, Vienna ©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1210 Oct 3

Grand Master Hermann von Salza

Acre, Israel
Yiwuwar ranar zaɓe na Hermann von Salza a matsayin babban jagoran Teutonic Knights;kwanan wata ya yi daidai da ranar daurin auren a Taya na Yahaya na Brienne ga Maryamu;kuma ita ce ranar naɗin Yohanna a matsayin Sarkin Urushalima.
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Teutonic Knights a cikin Balkans
©Graham Turner
1211 Jan 1

Teutonic Knights a cikin Balkans

Brașov, Romania
Sarki Andrew II na Hungary ne ya kira Knights na odar don daidaitawa da daidaita iyakar gabashin Hungary tare da kare ta daga Cumans .A cikin 1211, Andrew II na Hungary ya karɓi sabis na Teutonic Knights kuma ya ba su gundumar Burzenland a Transylvania, inda ba za su kasance masu kariya ga kudade da ayyuka ba kuma za su iya aiwatar da nasu adalci.Wani ɗan’uwa mai suna Theoderich ko Dietrich ya jagoranta, odar ta kare iyakokin kudu-maso-gabas na Masarautar Hungary daga maƙwabtan Cuman.An gina garu da yawa na itace da laka don tsaro.Sun zaunar da sabbin manoman Jamus a cikin mazaunan Transylvanian Saxon na yanzu.Cuman ba su da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙauyuka don juriya, kuma nan da nan Teutons suna faɗaɗa cikin yankinsu.A shekara ta 1220, Teutonics Knights sun gina manyan gidaje guda biyar, wasu daga cikinsu an yi su da dutse.Fadada su cikin sauri ya sa manyan Hungarian da limamai, waɗanda a baya ba su da sha'awar waɗannan yankuna, masu kishi da shakku.Wasu manyan mutane sun yi iƙirarin waɗannan filaye, amma Dokar ta ƙi raba su, ta yin watsi da buƙatun bishop na yankin.
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Prussian Crusade
©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1217 Jan 1

Prussian Crusade

Kaliningrad, Kaliningrad Oblas
Yakin Prussian ya kasance jerin kamfen na ƙarni na 13 na 'yan Salibiyya Roman Katolika, waɗanda Teutonic Knights suka jagoranta, da farko, don yin Kiristanci a ƙarƙashin tursasa arna Old Prussians.An gayyace shi bayan balaguron da ba a yi nasara ba a kan Prussians da sarakunan Poland na Kirista suka yi, Teutonic Knights sun fara yaƙi da Prussians, Lithuanians da Samogitian a cikin 1230. A ƙarshen karni, bayan da aka kwantar da tashin hankalin Prussian da yawa, Knights sun kafa iko akan Prussia kuma sun gudanar da su. Prussiyawa da suka ci nasara ta hanyar mulkin zuhudu, a ƙarshe sun shafe harshen Prussian, al'adu da addinin Kiristanci na Prussian ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa na zahiri da akida.Wasu 'yan Prussia sun sami mafaka a makwabciyar Lithuania.
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Yakin Mansurah
©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1221 Aug 30

Yakin Mansurah

Mansoura, Egypt
Yaƙin Mansurah ya faru ne daga 26-28 ga Agusta 1221 kusa da birnin Mansurah na ƙasar Masar kuma shine yaƙin karshe a yaƙin Crusade na biyar (1217–1221).Ya ci karo da sojojin 'yan Salibiyya karkashin shugaban Paparoma Pelagius Galvani da John na Brienne, sarkin Urushalima, da sojojin Ayyubid na sultan al-Kamil.Sakamakon ya kasance gagarumar nasara gaMasarawa kuma ya tilastawa 'yan Salibiyya mika wuya da kuma ficewa daga Masar.Hermann von Salza kuma shugaban Haikali da musulmi suka yi garkuwa da su.
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An Kori oda daga Transylvania
©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1225 Jan 1

An Kori oda daga Transylvania

Brașov, Romania
A cikin 1224, Teutonic Knights, ganin cewa za su sami matsala lokacin da Yarima ya gaji Mulkin, ya nemi Paparoma Honorius III da a sanya shi a ƙarƙashin ikon Papal See, maimakon na Sarkin Hungary .Wannan babban kuskure ne, kamar yadda Sarki Andrew, ya fusata kuma ya firgita saboda girman ƙarfinsu, ya mayar da martani ta hanyar korar Teutonic Knights a 1225, kodayake ya yarda da ƙabilanci na Jamusanci da talakawa suka zauna a nan ta hanyar Order kuma wanda ya zama wani ɓangare na babban rukuni na Saxons na Transylvanian, su kasance.Rashin ƙungiyar soja da gogewar Teutonic Knights, 'yan Hungary ba su maye gurbin su da isassun masu karewa waɗanda suka hana Cumans hari.Ba da daɗewa ba, mayaƙan steppe za su sake zama barazana.
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Gayyata daga Masovia
©HistoryMaps
1226 Jan 1

Gayyata daga Masovia

Mazovia, Poland
A cikin 1226, Konrad I, Duke na Masovia a arewa-maso-gabashin Poland , ya yi kira ga Knights don kare iyakokinsa da kuma mamaye arna na Baltic Old Prussians, yana barin Teutonic Knights amfani da Chełmno Land a matsayin tushe don yakin su.Wannan lokaci ne da ake yaɗuwar ƙwazo a yammacin Turai, Hermann von Salza ya ɗauki Prussia a matsayin kyakkyawan filin horar da jagororinsa na yaƙe-yaƙe da musulmi a Outremer.Tare da Golden Bull na Rimini, Sarkin sarakuna Frederick II ya ba da umarnin gata ta musamman ga cin nasara da mallakar Prussia, ciki har da Chełmno Land, tare da ikon mallakar papal na musamman.A cikin 1235 Teutonic Knights sun haɗa ƙaramin odar Dobrzyń, wanda Kirista, Bishop na farko na Prussia ya kafa a baya.
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Golden Bull na Rimini
©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1226 Mar 1

Golden Bull na Rimini

Rimini, Italy

Golden Bull na Rimini wani doka ne da Sarkin sarakuna Frederick II ya bayar a Rimini a cikin Maris 1226 wanda ya ba da kuma tabbatar da damar cin nasara a yankuna da kuma samun izinin Teutonic Order a Prussia.

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1230 - 1309
Fadadawa a Prussia da yankin Balticornament
Odar Livonian ta haɗu tare da odar Teutonic
Order of the Livonian Brothers of the Sword reshe na Teutonic Knights ©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1237 Jan 1

Odar Livonian ta haɗu tare da odar Teutonic

Kaliningrad, Kaliningrad Oblas
A cikin 1227 'yan'uwan Livonian na Sword sun mamaye duk yankunan Danish a Arewacin Estonia.Bayan yakin Saule, 'yan uwan ​​​​Takobin da suka tsira sun shiga cikin Teutonic Order na Prussia a 1237 kuma sun zama sanannun Livonian Order.
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Yaƙin Cortenuova
©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1237 Nov 27

Yaƙin Cortenuova

Cortenuova, Province of Bergam
An yi yakin Cortenuova a ranar 27 ga Nuwamba 1237 a cikin yakin Guelphs da Ghibellines: a cikinsa, Sarkin Roma mai tsarki Frederick II ya ci nasara a Lombard na biyu.Grand Master Hermann von Salza ya jagoranci Teutonic a kan tuhumar da ake yi wa Lombards.An kusan halaka sojojin Lombard League.Frederick ya yi nasarar shiga birnin Cremona da ke da haɗin gwiwa, tare da Carroccio da giwa ta ja shi kuma Tiepolo ya ɗaure shi.
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Farkon mamayar Mongol na Poland
©Angus McBride
1241 Jan 1

Farkon mamayar Mongol na Poland

Poland
Mamayewar Mongol na Poland daga ƙarshen 1240 zuwa 1241 ya ƙare a yakin Legnica, inda Mongols suka yi nasara a kan kawancen da suka hada da sojojin Poland da ke wargajewa da abokansu, karkashin jagorancin Henry II the Pious, Duke na Silesia.Manufar mamayewa ta farko ita ce tabbatar da tsaro a gefen babban sojojin Mongoliya da ke kai hari kan masarautar Hungary.Mongols sun kawar da duk wani taimako mai yuwuwa ga Sarki Béla IV wanda Poles ko kowane umarni na soja ke bayarwa.
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1242 Apr 2

Yaƙi akan Kankara

Lake Peipus
Yakin kan kankara ya yi yawa a kan daskararre Lake Peipus tsakanin hadin gwiwar sojojin Jamhuriyar Novgorod da Vladimir-Suzdal, karkashin jagorancin Prince Alexander Nevsky , da sojojin Livonian Order da Bishopric na Dorpat, jagorancin Bishop Hermann na Dorpat. Dorpat.Wannan yaƙin yana da mahimmanci saboda sakamakonsa ya ƙaddara ko Kiristanci na Yamma ko Gabas zai mamaye wannan yanki.A ƙarshe, yaƙin ya wakilci gagarumin shan kashi ga sojojin Katolika a lokacin yaƙin Crusades na Arewa kuma ya kawo ƙarshen yakin da suke yi da Jamhuriyar Orthodox Novgorod da sauran yankunan Slavic na karni na gaba.Ya dakatar da fadada Gabas na Tsarin Teutonic kuma ya kafa layin iyaka ta dindindin ta Kogin Narva da Lake Peipus da ke raba Orthodoxy na Gabas daga Katolika na Yamma.Kashin da mayakan suka yi a hannun sojojin Alexander ya hana ‘yan Salibiyya kwato Pskov, wanda ke da alhakin yakinsu na gabas.Novgorodiyawa sun yi nasara wajen kare ƙasar Rasha, kuma ‘yan Salibiyya ba su taɓa fuskantar wani ƙalubale mai tsanani a gabas ba.
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Tashin Farko na Prussian
©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1242 Jun 1

Tashin Farko na Prussian

Kaliningrad, Kaliningrad Oblas
Tashin farko na Prussian ya sami tasiri da manyan al'amura guda uku.Da fari dai, Livonian Knights - reshen Teutonic Knights - ya yi hasarar Yaƙin Kankara a Tekun Peipus ga Alexander Nevsky a cikin Afrilu 1242. Na biyu, mamaye kudancin Poland ya yi wa Mongol mamayewa a 1241;Poland ta rasa yakin Legnica kuma Teutonic Knights ta rasa ɗaya daga cikin amintattun abokanta waɗanda galibi ke ba da sojoji.Na uku, Duke Swantopolk II na Pomerania yana yaƙi da Knights, waɗanda suka goyi bayan iƙirarin daular 'yan uwansa a kansa.An yi nuni da cewa sabbin katangar Knights suna fafatawa da filayensa kan hanyoyin kasuwanci da ke gefen kogin Vistula.Yayin da wasu masana tarihi suka rungumi haɗin gwiwar Swantopolk-Prussian ba tare da jinkiri ba, wasu sun fi hankali.Sun yi nuni da cewa bayanan tarihi sun fito ne daga takardun da Teutonic Knights suka rubuta kuma dole ne a tuhume shi da akida don shawo kan Paparoma ya shelanta yakin crusa ba kawai a kan arna Prussians ba har ma da shugaban Kirista.
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Yakin crutches
©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1249 Nov 29

Yakin crutches

Kamenka, Kaliningrad Oblast, R
Yaƙin Krücken wani yaƙi ne na tsakiyar zamanai da aka yi a shekara ta 1249 a lokacin yaƙin Prussian Crusades tsakanin Teutonic Knights da Prussians, ɗaya daga cikin ƙabilar Baltic.Dangane da maƙiyan da aka kashe, shi ne nasara ta huɗu mafi girma na Teutonic Knights a cikin karni na 13. Marshal Heinrich Botel ya tara maza daga Kulm, Elbing, da Balga don harin balaguro mai zurfi zuwa Prussia.Sun yi tafiya zuwa ƙasashen Natangiyawa kuma suka washe yankin.A hanyarsu ta dawowa su kuma sojojin Natangawa suka kai musu hari.Sojojin sun koma ƙauyen Krücken da ke kusa da Kreuzburg (yanzu Kamenka kudu da Slavskoye), inda Prussian suka yi shakkar kai hari.Sojojin Prussian suna girma yayin da sabbin sojoji suka zo daga wasu yankuna masu nisa, kuma Knights ba su da isassun kayayyaki don jure wa kewaye.Saboda haka, Teutonic Knights sun yi ciniki don mika wuya: Marshal da wasu jarumai uku za su kasance a matsayin garkuwa yayin da sauran za su ajiye makamansu.Natangawa sun karya yarjejeniyar tare da kashe mahara 54 da wasu mabiyansu.An kashe wasu jaruman a cikin bukukuwan addini ko kuma a azabtar da su har aka kashe su.An baje kolin shugaban Johann, mataimakin komtur na Balga cikin izgili a kan mashi.
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Prussian Crusade na 1254
Teutonic Knight yana shiga Malbork Castle ©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1254 Jan 1

Prussian Crusade na 1254

Kaliningrad, Kaliningrad Oblas
Rundunar ‘yan Salibiyya mai ƙarfi 60,000 ta taru don yaƙi da ’yan Prussia arna.Sojojin sun hada da Bohemians da Austrians karkashin jagorancin Sarki Ottokar II na Bohemia, Moravia karkashin Bishop Bruno na Olmütz, Saxons karkashin Margrave Otto III na Brandenburg, da wani tawagar da Rudolph na Habsburg ya kawo.An murkushe Sambiyawan a yakin Rudau, kuma dakarun kagara suka mika wuya da sauri aka yi baftisma.Daga nan ne ‘yan Salibiyya suka yi gaba da Quedenau, Waldau, Caimen, da Tapiau (Gvardeysk);Sambiyawan da suka karɓi baftisma an bar su a raye, amma waɗanda suka ƙi an hallaka su gaba ɗaya.An ci Samland a cikin Janairu 1255 a cikin yakin da bai wuce wata daya ba.Kusa da ƙauyen Tvangste, Teutonic Knights ya kafa Königsberg ("Tsaunin Sarki"), mai suna don girmama sarkin Bohemian.
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Yakin Durbe
©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1260 Jul 10

Yakin Durbe

Durbe, Durbes pilsēta, Latvia
Yaƙin Durbe yaƙi ne na tsaka-tsaki da aka yi a kusa da Durbe, mai tazarar kilomita 23 (mil 14) gabas da Liepāja, a Latvia ta yau a lokacin yaƙin Crusade na Livonian.A ranar 13 ga Yuli, 1260, Samogitiyawa sun yi nasara da ƙarfi da ƙarfi ga sojojin haɗin gwiwar Teutonic Knights daga Prussia da Livonian Order daga Livonia.An kashe wasu sojoji 150, ciki har da Livonian Master Burchard von Hornhausen da Prussian Land Marshal Henrik Botel.Ya zuwa yanzu shine mafi girman shan kashi na maƙiyan a karni na 13: a cikin na biyu mafi girma, Yaƙin Aizkraukle, an kashe maƙiyi 71.Yaƙin ya ƙarfafa Babban Tashin Prussian (wanda aka ƙare a cikin 1274) da tawaye na Semigallians (wanda aka sallama a cikin 1290), Couronians (wanda aka sallama a 1267), da Oeseliya (wanda aka sallama a 1261).Yaƙin ya ci tura shekaru ashirin na mamayar Livon kuma ya ɗauki shekaru talatin kafin odar Livonian ta dawo da ikonta.
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Babban tashin hankalin Prussian
©EthicallyChallenged
1260 Sep 20

Babban tashin hankalin Prussian

Kaliningrad, Kaliningrad Oblas
An fara babban boren ne a ranar 20 ga Satumba, 1260. Nasarar sojan Lithuania da Samogitian ne suka jawo ta a kan sojojin hadin gwiwa na odar Livonian da Teutonic Knights a yakin Durbe.Yayin da zanga-zangar ke yaduwa a cikin ƙasashen Prussian, kowane dangi ya zaɓi shugaba: Sambians sun jagoranci Glande, Natangiyan na Herkus Monte, Bartians na Diwanus, Warmians na Glappe, Pogesanians na Auktume.Daya daga cikin dangin da ba su shiga cikin tashin ba su ne Pomesanians.Har ila yau zanga-zangar ta samu goyon bayan Skomantas, shugaban Sudovia.Duk da haka, babu wani shugaba da ya daidaita kokarin wadannan runduna daban-daban.Herkus Monte, wanda ya yi karatu a Jamus, ya zama sananne kuma mafi nasara a cikin shugabannin, amma ya umarci Natangawa kawai.
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Siege na Konigsberg
©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1262 Jan 1

Siege na Konigsberg

Kaliningrad, Kaliningrad Oblas

Siage na Königsberg wani yanki ne da aka yi wa Königsberg Castle, daya daga cikin manyan wuraren da Teutonic Knights, da Prussians suka yi a lokacin babban tashin hankalin Prussian daga 1262 mai yiwuwa ko da yake 1265. Ƙarshen kewayen yana jayayya.

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Yakin Lubawa
©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1263 Jan 1

Yakin Lubawa

Lubawa, Poland
Yaƙin Lubawa ko Löbau yaƙi ne da aka yi tsakanin tsarin Teutonic da Prussian a shekara ta 1263 a lokacin babban tashin hankalin Prussian.arna Prussians sun tashi a kan masu cin nasara, waɗanda suka yi ƙoƙari su mayar da su zuwa Kiristanci , bayan Lithuanians da Samogitiyawa sun yi nasara a kan hadin gwiwar sojojin Teutonic Knights da Dokar Livonian a yakin Durbe (1260).Shekarun farko na boren sun yi nasara ga Prussians, waɗanda suka ci nasara a cikin Yaƙin Pokarwis da ƙawancen ƙauyuka da Knights suka yi.Prussians sun kaddamar da farmaki a kan Chełmno Land (Kumerland), inda Knights suka fara kafa kansu a ƙarshen 1220s.A bayyane manufar wadannan hare-haren ita ce tilasta wa Knights ba da dakaru da yawa don kare Chełmno kamar yadda zai yiwu ta yadda ba za su iya ba da taimako ga ƙauyuka da kagara ba.A shekara ta 1263 ’yan Natangiyan da Herkus Monte suka jagoranta sun kai farmaki Landan Chełmno kuma suka kama fursunoni da yawa.Jagora Helmrich von Rechenberg, wanda yake a Chełmno a lokacin, ya tattara mutanensa ya bi Natangiyan, wadanda ba su iya tafiya da sauri saboda yawan mutanen da aka kama.Teutonic Knights sun kama Prussians kusa da Löbau (yanzu Lubawa, Poland).Dawakansu masu nauyi sun farfasa tsarin Natangian, amma Herkus Monte tare da amintattun mayaƙa sun kai hari suka kashe maigida Helmrich da Marshal Dietrich.An yi galaba a kan mayaka marasa jagora, kuma jarumai arba'in sun halaka tare da wasu ƙananan sojoji.
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Siege na Bartenstein
©Darren Tan
1264 Jan 1

Siege na Bartenstein

Bartoszyce, Poland
Siege na Bartenstein wani yanki ne na tsaka-tsaki da Prussian Prussians suka yi a kan katangar Bartenstein (yanzu Bartoszyce a Poland).Bartenstein da Rößel sune manyan wuraren Teutonic guda biyu a Barta, ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashen Prussian.Gidan ya jure shekaru na kewaye har zuwa 1264 kuma yana daya daga cikin na karshe da ya fada hannun Prussians.Garrison a Bartenstein ya ƙidaya 400 a kan Bartians 1,300 waɗanda ke zaune a cikin garu uku da ke kewaye da birnin.Irin waɗannan dabarun sun zama ruwan dare gama gari a Prussia: gina katangar ku ta yadda za a yanke duk wata hanyar sadarwa da duniyar waje.Duk da haka, a Bartenstein sansanonin sun yi nisa sosai don ba da damar katafaren gidan don aika maza a hare-haren da ke kewaye.Miligedo mai martaba na yankin, wanda ya nuna hanyoyin sirrin Knights a yankin, Prussians sun kashe shi.Sojojin sun yi nasarar kona duka garu uku a lokacin da Bartians ke bikin biki na addini.Duk da haka, ba da daɗewa ba suka dawo suka sake gina garu.Bartenstein yana ƙarewa da kayayyaki kuma babu wani taimako da ke zuwa daga hedkwatar Teutonic Knights.
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Yakin Pagastin
©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1271 Jan 1

Yakin Pagastin

Dzierzgoń, Poland
Shekaru na farko na tashin hankalin sun yi nasara ga Prussians, amma Knights sun sami ƙarfafawa daga yammacin Turai kuma suna samun rinjaye a cikin rikici.Prussians sun kaddamar da farmaki a kan Chełmno Land, inda Knights suka fara kafa kansu a ƙarshen 1220s.Babban manufar wadannan hare-haren shine a tilasta wa Knights sadaukar da sojoji da yawa don kare Chełmno kamar yadda zai yiwu ta yadda ba za su iya shirya hare-hare a cikin yankin Prussian ba.Yayin da sauran dangi suka shagaltu da kare hare-haren Teutonic daga sansaninsu, Diwanus da Bartians ne kawai suka iya ci gaba da yakin a yamma.Sun yi ƙananan balaguro zuwa Chełmno Land kowace shekara.An shirya babban harin Prussian a cikin 1271 tare da Linka, shugaban Pogesanians.Sojojin Bartian da Pogesanians sun kewaye wani katangar kan iyaka, amma Knights daga Christburg sun kare su.Prussians da suka yi nasarar tserewa sun shiga cikin sojojin dawakai yayin da Knights suka kafa sansani a kishiyar kogin Dzierzgoń, tare da toshe hanyar gida.
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Yaƙin Aizkraukle
©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1279 Mar 5

Yaƙin Aizkraukle

Aizkraukle, Aizkraukle pilsēta
Yaƙin Livonian, wanda aka buɗe a watan Fabrairun 1279, ya ƙunshi chevauchée zuwa yankin Lithuania.Sojojin Livonian sun haɗa da maza daga cikin odar Livonian, Archbishopric na Riga, Danish Estonia, da ƙabilar Curonian da Semigallian na gida.A lokacin kamfen, Lithuania ta sha fama da yunwa kuma ɗan'uwan Traidenis Sirputis ya kai hari a ƙasar Poland a kusa da Lublin.Sojojin Livonian sun kai har zuwa Kernavė, tsakiyar filayen Grand Duke.Ba su gamu da wata turjiya a fili ba suka washe kauyuka da dama.A kan hanyarsu ta komawa gida ne mayakan na Traidenis suka biyo bayansu.Lokacin da abokan gaba suka kusanci Aizkraukle, Babban Jagora ya aika da yawancin mayaka na gida tare da rabonsu na ganima.A lokacin ne 'yan kasar Lithuania suka kai hari.Semigallians na ɗaya daga cikin na farko da suka ja da baya daga fagen fama kuma Lithuaniyawa sun sami gagarumar nasara.An yi yakin Aizkraukle ko Ascheraden a ranar 5 ga Maris, 1279, tsakanin Grand Duchy na Lithuania, karkashin jagorancin Traidenis, da reshen Livonian na odar Teutonic kusa da Aizkraukle a Latvia ta yau.Umurnin ya sha kashi mai girma: an kashe maƙiyi 71, ciki har da babban ubangida, Ernst von Rassburg, da Eilart Hoberg, shugaban maƙiyan daga Danish Estonia, an kashe.Shi ne kashi na biyu mafi girma na oda a cikin karni na 13.Bayan yakin Duke Nameisis na Semigallians sun gane Traidenis a matsayin suzerain.
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1291 May 18

Fall of Acre

Acre, Israel
Faduwar Acre ya faru a cikin 1291 kuma ya haifar da 'Yan Salibiyya sun rasa ikon Acre gaMamluk .Ana la'akari da daya daga cikin yaƙe-yaƙe mafi mahimmanci na lokacin.Ko da yake yunƙurin yaƙin yaƙe-yaƙe ya ​​ci gaba har tsawon ƙarni da yawa, kama birnin ya nuna ƙarshen ci gaba da yaƙe-yaƙe zuwa Levant.Lokacin da Acre ya fadi, 'Yan Salibiyya sun rasa babban sansaninsu na ƙarshe na Masarautar 'Yan Salibiyya na Urushalima.Har yanzu sun kasance da kagara a arewacin birnin Tartus (yau a arewa maso yammacin Siriya), sun shiga wasu hare-hare a bakin teku, kuma sun yi yunkurin kutsawa daga karamar tsibirin Ruad, amma a lokacin da suka rasa hakan a cikin 1302 a cikin kewayen. Ruad, 'Yan Salibiyya sun daina sarrafa wani yanki na Kasa Mai Tsarki.Faduwar Acre ta yi nuni da kawo karshen yakin ‘yan Salibiyya na Kudus.Ba a tada wani yakin neman zabe mai inganci don kwato kasa mai tsarki daga baya ba, ko da yake maganar karin yakin yaki ya zama ruwan dare gama gari.A shekara ta 1291, wasu ra'ayoyi sun kama sha'awa da sha'awar sarakuna da manyan Turai har ma da yunƙurin da Paparoma ya yi don tayar da balaguro don sake kwato Ƙasa Mai Tsarki ya sadu da ɗan amsa.Masarautar Latin ta ci gaba da wanzuwa, bisa ka'ida, a tsibirin Cyprus.A can ne sarakunan Latin suka yi shirin kwato babban yankin, amma a banza.Kudi, da maza, da nufin yin aikin duk sun yi karanci.Teutonic Knights sun yarda kuma sun ba da hasumiya bayan an basu izinin barin su tare da matansu, amma wasu 'yan Salibiyya sun kashe al-Mansuri.Teutonic Knights hedkwatar ya tashi daga Acre zuwa Venice .
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Battle of Turaida
©Catalin Lartist
1298 Jun 1

Battle of Turaida

Turaida castle, Turaidas iela,
An yi yakin Turaida ko Treiden a ranar 1 ga Yuni, 1298, a bakin kogin Gauja (Jamus: Livländische Aa) kusa da katangar Turaida (Treiden).Mazaunan Riga da ke da alaƙa da Grand Duchy na Lithuania a ƙarƙashin umarnin Vytenis sun yi nasara da Odar Livonian.A ranar 28 ga Yuni, Dokar Livonian ta sami ƙarfafawa daga Teutonic Knights kuma ta ci nasara da mazauna Riga da Lithuanians kusa da Neuermühlen.A cewar Peter von Dusburg, wasu 'yan Rigans da Lithuania 4,000 ne suka mutu a Neuermühlen.Sojojin sun yi kawanya tare da kame Riga.Bayan da Eric VI na Denmark ya yi barazanar mamaye Livonia don ya taimaka wa Archbishop Johannes III, an cimma matsaya kuma Fafaroma Boniface VII ne ya shiga tsakani.Duk da haka, ba a warware rikicin ba kuma kawancen da ke tsakanin Lithuania da Riga ya ci gaba har tsawon shekaru goma sha biyar.
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Teutonic mamaye Danzig (Gdańsk)
©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1308 Nov 13

Teutonic mamaye Danzig (Gdańsk)

Gdańsk, Poland
An kama birnin Danzig (Gdańsk) a ranar 13 ga Nuwamban 1308 a karkashin Dokar Teutonic, wanda ya haifar da kisan gilla ga mazauna cikinta tare da nuna farkon tashin hankali tsakanin Poland da Tsarin Teutonic.Asalinsu maƙiyan sun koma cikin kagara a matsayin ƙawance na Poland akan Margraviate na Brandenburg.To sai dai kuma bayan da aka samu takun-saka kan ikon birnin tsakanin oda da Sarkin Poland, mayakan sun kashe wasu ‘yan kasar a cikin birnin tare da daukar shi a matsayin nasu.Don haka ana kuma san taron da kisan kiyashin Gdańsk ko kisan Gdańsk (rzeź Gdańska).Ko da yake a baya an yi ta cece-kuce a tsakanin masana tarihi, an cimma matsaya kan cewa an kashe mutane da dama tare da lalata wani yanki mai yawa na garin dangane da kwace garin.Bayan da aka kwace, odar ta kwace duk Pomerelia (Gdańsk Pomerania) kuma ta sayi da'awar Brandenburgian da ake zaton ga yankin a cikin Yarjejeniyar Soldin (1309).Rikicin da Poland ya kasance na ɗan lokaci a cikin yarjejeniyar Kalisz/Kalisch (1343).An mayar da garin zuwa Poland a cikin Amincin Toruń/Thorn a cikin 1466.
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1309 - 1410
Tsayin Karfi da Rikiciornament
Teutonics sun motsa hedkwatar su zuwa Baltic
©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1309 Jan 1 00:01

Teutonics sun motsa hedkwatar su zuwa Baltic

Malbork Castle, Starościńska,

The Teutonic Knights ya koma hedkwatar su zuwa Venice , daga abin da suka shirya dawo da Outremer , wannan shirin ya kasance, duk da haka, ba da daɗewa ba ya yi watsi da shi, kuma Order daga baya ya koma hedkwatarsa ​​zuwa Marienburg, don haka zai iya mayar da hankali ga kokarinsa a yankin Prussia.

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Yakin Teutonic na Poland
King Ladislaus the Elbow-high karya yarjejeniyoyin da Teutonic Knights a Brześć Kujawski, zanen da Jan Matejko ya yi a cikin National Museum a Warsaw. ©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1326 Jan 1

Yakin Teutonic na Poland

Włocławek, Poland

Yaƙin Poland-Teutonic (1326-1332) shine yaƙi tsakanin Masarautar Poland da Dokar Teutonic akan Pomerelia, wanda aka yi yaƙi daga 1326 zuwa 1332.

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Yaƙin Płowce
Yaƙin Płowce ©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1331 Sep 27

Yaƙin Płowce

Płowce, Poland

Yaƙin Płowce ya faru ne a ranar 27 ga Satumba 1331 tsakanin Masarautar Poland da Tsarin Teutonic.

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Tashin Dare na Saint George
©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1343 Jan 1

Tashin Dare na Saint George

Estonia
Rikicin Dare na Saint George a cikin 1343-1345 wani yunƙuri ne da bai yi nasara ba daga ƴan asalin ƙasar Estoniya a Duchy na Estonia, Bishopric na Ösel-Wiek, da kuma yankuna masu ƙayatarwa na Jihar oda na Teutonic don kawar da kansu daga sarakunan Danish da Jamus. masu gidaje da suka ci kasar a karni na 13 a lokacin yakin Livonian Crusade;da kuma kawar da addinin Kirista da ba na asali ba.Bayan nasarar farko an kawo karshen tawayen ta hanyar mamaye odar Teutonic.A cikin 1346, Sarkin Denmark ya sayar da Duchy na Estonia akan alamomin Köln 19,000 zuwa Tsarin Teutonic.Juya mulkin mallaka daga Denmark zuwa Jihar Teutonic Order ya faru a ranar 1 ga Nuwamba, 1346.
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Yaƙin Strėva
©HistoryMaps
1348 Feb 2

Yaƙin Strėva

Žiežmariai, Lithuania
A cikin 1347, Teutonic Knights sun ga kwararar 'yan Salibiyya daga Faransa da Ingila, inda aka yi sulhu a lokacin Yaƙin Shekaru ɗari .Tafiyarsu ta fara ne a ƙarshen Janairu 1348, amma saboda mummunan yanayi, yawancin sojojin ba su wuce Insterburg ba.Wasu ƙananan sojoji karkashin jagorancin Babban Kwamanda kuma Babban Jagora Winrich von Kniprode sun mamaye tsakiyar Lithuania (watakila yankunan da ke kusa da Semeliškės, Aukštadvaris, Trakai) na tsawon mako guda kafin sojojin Lithuania su fuskanci juna.Sojojin Lithuania sun haɗa da runduna daga yankunanta na gabas (Volodymyr-Volynskyi, Vitebsk, Polotsk, Smolensk) wanda ya nuna cewa an taru da sojojin tun da farko, watakila don yakin neman shiga yankin Teutonic.Knights sun kasance a cikin tsaka mai wuya: za su iya ƙetare kogin Strėva daskararre kawai 'yan maza a lokaci guda kuma da zarar yawancin sojojinsu sun haye, sauran sojojin za a hallaka su.Mahukuntan suna da ƙayyadaddun kayayyaki kuma sun kasa jira.Mutanen Lithuania, karkashin jagorancin Kęstutis ko Narimantas, suma suna da gajerun kayayyaki kuma sun yanke shawarar kai hari ta hanyar jifa da kibau da mashi wadanda suka raunata adadi mai yawa.Koyaya, a cikin mawuyacin lokaci 'yan Salibiyya sun kai farmaki tare da manyan sojojin dawakai kuma Lithuaniyawa sun rasa yadda suke.Da yawa daga cikinsu sun nutse a cikin kogin wanda Knights zai iya haye shi da "busashen ƙafafu."Wannan lamarin ya haifar da suka da yawa game da tushen: Kogin Strėva ba shi da zurfi, musamman a lokacin hunturu, kuma ba zai iya haifar da irin wannan babban nutsewa ba.
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Yakin Rudau
©Graham Turner
1370 Feb 17

Yakin Rudau

Kaliningrad, Kaliningrad Oblas
Kęstutis da Algirdas sun jagoranci sojojinsu, wadanda suka hada da Lithuanians, Samogitian, Ruthenians, da Tatars, zuwa Prussia a baya fiye da tsammanin da Knights.Mutanen Lithuania sun ɗauki Rudau Castle suka ƙone.Babban Jagora Winrich von Kniprode ya yanke shawarar daukar sojojinsa daga Königsberg don ganawa da Lithuaniyawa kusa da Rudau.Majiyoyin Teutonic na zamani ba su ba da cikakkun bayanai game da yanayin yaƙin ba, wanda ɗan ƙaramin abu ne.Jan Długosz (1415-1480) ya ba da cikakkun bayanai da tsare-tsaren yaƙi daga baya, amma ba a san tushen sa ba.Lithuania sun sha kashi.Algirdas ya dauki mutanensa zuwa wani daji kuma ya yi gaggawar kafa shingen katako yayin da Kęstutis ya fice zuwa Lithuania.Marshal Schindekopf ya bi Lithuaniyawa da suka koma baya, amma mashi ya ji masa rauni kuma ya mutu kafin ya isa Königsberg.Ana zaton Vaišvilas mai martaba Lithuania ya mutu a yakin.
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Yaren Poland-Lithuanian-Teutonic War
©EthicallyChallenged
1409 Aug 6

Yaren Poland-Lithuanian-Teutonic War

Baltic Sea
Yaƙin Poland-Lithuania-Teutonic, wanda kuma aka sani da Babban Yaƙin, yaƙi ne da ya faru tsakanin 1409 zuwa 1411 tsakanin Teutonic Knights da Masarautar Poland da ke kawance da Grand Duchy na Lithuania.Sakamakon tawayen Samogitian na yankin ya ƙarfafa yaƙin ya fara da farmakin Teutonic na Poland a watan Agusta 1409. Da yake babu wani bangare da bai shirya yin cikakken yaƙi ba, Wenceslaus IV na Bohemia ya kulla tsagaita wuta na watanni tara.Bayan da tsagaitawar ta kare a watan Yunin 1410, an yi galaba a kan sufaye na soja-addini a yakin Grunwald, daya daga cikin manyan fadace-fadace a Turai na da.Yawancin shugabannin Teutonic an kashe su ko kuma an ɗauke su fursuna.Ko da yake an ci su, Teutonic Knights sun yi tsayayya da kewaye a babban birninsu a Marienburg (Malbork) kuma sun sha wahala kawai a cikin ƙananan yankuna a cikin Aminci na Thorn (1411).Rikicin yanki ya kasance har zuwa Aminci na Melno na 1422.Duk da haka, Knights ba su sake dawo da ikonsu na baya ba, kuma nauyin kudi na ramawar yaki ya haifar da rikice-rikice na cikin gida da raguwar tattalin arziki a ƙasashensu.Yaƙin ya canza ma'auni na iko a tsakiyar Turai kuma ya nuna haɓakar ƙungiyar Poland-Lithuania a matsayin babban iko a yankin.
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1410 - 1525
Ragewa da Secularizationornament
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1410 Jul 15

Yaƙin Grunwald

Grunwald, Warmian-Masurian Voi
An yi yakin Grunwald a ranar 15 ga Yuli 1410 lokacin Yaƙin Poland-Lithuania-Teutonic.Hadin gwiwar masarautar Poland da Grand Duchy na Lithuania, karkashin jagorancin Sarki Władysław na biyu Jagiełło (Jogaila) da Grand Duke Vytautas, sun yi nasara da kakkausar suka ga tsarin Teutonic na Jamus , wanda Grand Master Ulrich von Jungingen ya jagoranta.Yawancin jagororin Teutonic Order an kashe su ko kuma aka kama su.Ko da yake an ci nasara, Dokar Teutonic ta jure wa kewayen Malbork Castle kuma ta sha wahala kaɗan asara a cikin zaman lafiya na Thorn (1411), tare da wasu rikice-rikice na yanki ya ci gaba har zuwa Yarjejeniyar Melno a 1422. Duk da haka, tsari bai dawo da ikonsu na farko ba. , da kuma nauyin kuɗi na ramawar yaƙi ya haifar da rikice-rikice na cikin gida da tabarbarewar tattalin arziki a ƙasashen da suke iko da su.Yaƙin ya canza ma'auni na iko a Tsakiya da Gabashin Turai kuma ya nuna haɓakar ƙungiyar Poland-Lithuania a matsayin rinjaye na siyasa da soja na yanki.Yaƙin na ɗaya daga cikin mafi girma a Turai na tsakiyar zamanin da.Ana kallon yakin a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan nasarori a tarihin Poland da Lithuania.
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Yakin Yunwa
©Piotr Arendzikowski
1414 Sep 1

Yakin Yunwa

Kaliningrad, Kaliningrad Oblas
Yaƙin Yunwa ko Yaƙin Yunwa ɗan taƙaitaccen rikici ne tsakanin Masarautar ƙawance ta Poland , da Grand Duchy na Lithuania, a kan Teutonic Knights a lokacin rani 1414 a ƙoƙarin warware rikicin yanki.Yakin ya samu sunansa ne daga munanan dabarun lalata da bangarorin biyu suka bi.Yayin da rikici ya ƙare ba tare da wani babban sakamako na siyasa ba, yunwa da annoba sun mamaye Prussia.A cewar Johann von Posilge, 86 friars na Teutonic Order sun mutu daga annoba bayan yakin.Idan aka kwatanta, kusan 200 friars sun halaka a yakin Grunwald na 1410, daya daga cikin manyan fadace-fadace a Turai ta tsakiyar zamani.
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Gollub Was
©Graham Turner
1422 Jul 17

Gollub Was

Chełmno landa-udalerria, Polan

Yaƙin Gollub ya kasance yaƙi na watanni biyu na Teutonic Knights da Masarautar Poland da Grand Duchy na Lithuania a 1422. Ya ƙare tare da rattaba hannu kan yerjejeniyar Melno, wanda ya warware rikice-rikice na yanki tsakanin Knights da Lithuania kan Samogitia wanda ya kasance. ya kasance tun daga 1398.

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Yakin Teutonic na Poland
©Angus McBride
1431 Jan 1

Yakin Teutonic na Poland

Kaliningrad, Kaliningrad Oblas
Yaƙin Yaƙin Poland-Teutonic (1431-1435) rikici ne na makamai tsakanin Masarautar Poland da Teutonic Knights.Ya ƙare tare da Aminci na Brześć Kujawski kuma an dauke shi nasara ga Poland.
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Yaƙin Wiłkomierz
©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1435 Sep 1

Yaƙin Wiłkomierz

Wiłkomierz, Lithuania
Yaƙin Wiłkomierz ya faru ne a ranar 1 ga Satumba, 1435, kusa da Ukmergė a cikin Grand Duchy na Lithuania.Tare da taimakon rukunin sojoji daga Masarautar Poland , sojojin Grand Duke Sigismund Kęstutaitis sun yi nasara da Švitrigaila da abokansa na Livonian.Yaƙin ya kasance ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan yaƙin basasar Lithuania (1432-1438).Švitrigaila ya rasa yawancin magoya bayansa kuma ya fice zuwa kudancin Grand Duchy;a hankali aka fitar da shi daga karshe aka yi sulhu.An kwatanta lalacewar da aka yi wa odar Livonian da lalacewar Yaƙin Grunwald bisa odar Teutonic.Ya raunana sosai kuma ya daina taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin al'amuran Lithuania.Ana iya ganin yaƙin a matsayin haɗin kai na ƙarshe na Crusade na Lithuania.
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Yakin Shekara Goma Sha Uku
Yaƙin Świecino. ©Medieval Warfare Magazine
1454 Feb 4

Yakin Shekara Goma Sha Uku

Baltic Sea
Yakin Shekaru goma sha uku rikici ne da aka yi a 1454 – 1466 tsakanin Prussian Confederation, da ke da alaƙa da Crown na Masarautar Poland , da Dokar Teutonic.Yaƙin ya fara ne a matsayin tashin hankalin biranen Prussian da manyan mutane na gida don samun 'yancin kai daga Teutonic Knights.A cikin 1454 Casimir IV ya auri Elisabeth na Habsburg kuma Ƙungiyar Prussian ta tambayi Sarkin Poland Casimir IV Jagiellon don taimako kuma ya ba da damar karɓar sarki a matsayin mai tsaro maimakon Teutonic Order.Lokacin da Sarki ya amince, yaki ya barke tsakanin magoya bayan Prussian Confederation, da Poland ke marawa baya, da masu goyon bayan gwamnati ta Teutonic Knights.Yakin shekaru goma sha uku ya ƙare a cikin nasarar Prussian Confederation da Poland da kuma cikin Aminci na Biyu na Ƙya (1466).Wannan ya biyo bayan Yaƙin Firistoci (1467-1479), takaddamar da aka zana game da 'yancin kai na Prussian Prince-Bishopric na Warmia (Ermland), wanda Knights kuma suka nemi bita na Amincin Ƙauna.
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Yakin Firistoci
©Anonymous
1467 Jan 1

Yakin Firistoci

Olsztyn, Poland
Yaƙin firistoci wani rikici ne a lardin Warmia na ƙasar Poland tsakanin Sarkin Poland Casimir IV da Nicolaus von Tüngen, sabon bishop na Warmia da aka zaɓa - ba tare da amincewar sarki ba - ta ɓangaren Warmian.Teutonic Knights sun goyi bayan wannan na ƙarshe, ta wannan batu vassals na Poland, waɗanda ke neman sake fasalin zaman lafiya na Toruń na biyu kwanan nan.
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Yakin Teutonic na Yaren mutanen Poland (1519-1521)
Teutonic Knights ©Catalin Lartist
1519 Jan 1

Yakin Teutonic na Yaren mutanen Poland (1519-1521)

Kaliningrad, Kaliningrad Oblas

Yaƙin Poland-Teutonic na 1519-1521 an yi yaƙi tsakanin Masarautar Poland da Teutonic Knights, wanda ya ƙare da Yarjejeniya ta Ƙajiya a cikin Afrilu 1521. Bayan shekaru huɗu, a ƙarƙashin Yarjejeniyar Kraków, wani ɓangare na Jihar Monastic Katolika na Teutonic An ba da oda a matsayin Duchy na Prussia.

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Homage na Prussian
Prussian Homage ta Marcello Bacciarelli ©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1525 Apr 10

Homage na Prussian

Kraków, Poland
The Prussian Homage ko Prussian Tribute shine babban saka hannun jari na Albert na Prussia a matsayin Duke na fief na Poland na Ducal Prussia.A sakamakon yakin da ya kawo karshen yakin Poland-Teutonic Albert, Babban Jagora na Teutonic Knights kuma memba na House of Hohenzollern, ya ziyarci Martin Luther a Wittenberg kuma ba da daɗewa ba ya zama mai tausayi ga Furotesta.A ranar 10 ga Afrilu, 1525, kwanaki biyu bayan sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar Kraków, wadda ta kawo karshen yakin Poland-Teutonic (1519-21), a babban filin wasa na Kraków babban birnin Poland, Albert ya yi murabus daga matsayinsa na Babban Jagora na Teutonic Knights kuma ya yi murabus. ya sami lakabin "Duke na Prussia" daga Sarki Zygmunt na Tsohon Poland.A cikin yarjejeniyar, wani ɓangare na Luther, Duchy na Prussia ya zama ƙasar Furotesta ta farko, yana tsammanin zaman lafiya na Augsburg na 1555. Binciken wani Furotesta na Duchy na Prussia ya fi kyau ga Poland don dalilai masu mahimmanci fiye da Katolika na Jihar na odar Teutonic a Prussia, bisa ƙa'ida ga Sarkin Roman Mai Tsarki da Papacy.A matsayin alama ta vassalage, Albert ya sami ma'auni tare da suturar makamai na Prussian daga Sarkin Yaren mutanen Poland.An ƙara baƙar fata Prussian mikiya a kan tuta da harafin "S" (na Sigismundus) kuma an sanya kambi a wuyansa a matsayin alamar biyayya ga Poland.
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Characters



Ulrich von Jungingen

Ulrich von Jungingen

Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights

Hermann Balk

Hermann Balk

Knight-Brother of the Teutonic Order

Hermann von Salza

Hermann von Salza

Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights

References



  • Christiansen, Erik (1997). The Northern Crusades. London: Penguin Books. pp. 287. ISBN 0-14-026653-4.
  • Górski, Karol (1949). Związek Pruski i poddanie się Prus Polsce: zbiór tekstów źródłowych (in Polish and Latin). Poznań: Instytut Zachodni.
  • Innes-Parker, Catherine (2013). Anchoritism in the Middle Ages: Texts and Traditions. Cardiff: University of Wales Press. p. 256. ISBN 978-0-7083-2601-5.
  • Selart, Anti (2015). Livonia, Rus' and the Baltic Crusades in the Thirteenth Century. Leiden: Brill. p. 400. ISBN 978-9-00-428474-6.
  • Seward, Desmond (1995). The Monks of War: The Military Religious Orders. London: Penguin Books. p. 416. ISBN 0-14-019501-7.
  • Sterns, Indrikis (1985). "The Teutonic Knights in the Crusader States". In Zacour, Norman P.; Hazard, Harry W. (eds.). A History of the Crusades: The Impact of the Crusades on the Near East. Vol. V. The University of Wisconsin Press.
  • Urban, William (2003). The Teutonic Knights: A Military History. London: Greenhill Books. p. 290. ISBN 1-85367-535-0.