Yakin Russo-Japan

Tsarist Rasha, a matsayinsa na babban ikon daular, yana da buri a Gabas.A cikin 1890s ta fadada daularta a fadin Asiya ta tsakiya zuwa Afganistan, tare da mamaye jihohi a cikin tsari.Daular Rasha ta tashi daga Poland a yamma zuwa yankin Kamchatka a gabas.Tare da gina hanyar jirgin kasa ta Trans-Siberian zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa na Vladivostok, Rasha ta yi fatan kara karfafa tasirinta da kasancewarta a yankin.A cikin abin da ya faru na Tsushima na 1861 Rasha ta kai hari kan yankin Japan kai tsaye.

Babban yaki na farko da DaularJapan ya yi bayan Maidowa Meiji ya yi dakasar Sin , daga 1894-1895.Yakin ya ta'allaka ne kan batun iko da tasiri a kanKoriya a karkashin mulkin daular Joseon .Daga shekarun 1880 zuwa gaba, an yi gagarumin gasa na tasiri a Koriya tsakanin Sin da Japan.Kotun Koriya ta kasance mai saurin kamuwa da bangaranci, kuma a lokacin an raba mugu sosai tsakanin sansanin masu neman sauyi da ke goyon bayan Japan da kuma bangaren masu ra'ayin mazan jiya da ke goyon bayan Sinawa.A shekara ta 1884, sojojin kasar Sin sun yi yunkurin juyin mulkin da ke goyon bayan kasar Japan, kuma aka kafa "mazauni" karkashin Janar Yuan Shikai a birnin Seoul.Tawayen manoma karkashin jagorancin kungiyar addini Tonghak ya kai ga bukatar gwamnatin Koriya ta daular Qing ta tura dakaru domin daidaita kasar.Masarautar Japan ta mayar da martani ta hanyar tura sojojinsu zuwa Koriya don murkushe Tonghak tare da kafa gwamnatin 'yar tsana a Seoul.China ta ki amincewa da yaki.Hatsaniya ta kasance a takaice, inda sojojin kasar Japan na kasa suka yi wa sojojin kasar Sin hari a yankin Liaodong Peninsula, kuma sun kusa lalata rundunar Beiyang ta kasar Sin a yakin kogin Yalu.Japan da China sun rattaba hannu kan yerjejeniyar Shimonoseki, wadda ta mika yankin Liaodong Peninsula da tsibirin Taiwan ga kasar Japan.

Bisa ka'idojin yarjejeniyar Shimonoseki, an bai wa Japan lambar yabo ga yankin Liaodong, ciki har da tashar tashar jiragen ruwa ta Port Arthur, wadda ta ci daga kasar Sin.Nan da nan bayan da sharuddan yarjejeniyar suka bayyana a bainar jama'a, Rasha - mai zane-zane da kuma tasirinta a kasar Sin - ta nuna damuwa game da mallakar kasar Japan na yankin Liaodong da kuma tasirin da ka'idojin yarjejeniyar zai haifar ga zaman lafiyar kasar Sin.Rasha ta lallashin Faransa da Jamus da su yi amfani da matsin lamba na diflomasiyya kan Japan don mayar da yankin ga China domin samun wata babbar diyya.Rasha ce ta fi samun riba daga shiga tsakani sau uku.A cikin shekarun da suka gabata, Rasha ta kasance tana ƙaruwa sannu a hankali a yankin gabas mai nisa.Gina layin dogo na Trans-Siberian da samun tashar ruwa mai dumi zai baiwa Rasha damar karfafa kasancewarta a yankin da kuma kara fadada zuwa Asiya da Pacific.Rasha ba ta yi tsammanin cewa Japan za ta yi nasara a kan China ba.Port Arthur fadowa hannun Jafananci zai lalata buƙatunta na matsananciyar buƙatar tashar ruwan dumi a Gabas.Faransa ta zama wajibi ta shiga Rasha a karkashin yarjejeniyar 1892.Ko da yake ma'aikatan banki na Faransa suna da sha'awar kuɗi a Rasha (musamman layin dogo), Faransa ba ta da wani buri na yanki a Manchuria, tunda tasirinta ya kasance a kudancin China.Faransawa na da kyakkyawar dangantaka da Jafananci: an aika da masu ba da shawara na soja na Faransa don horar da sojojin Japan na Imperial kuma an gina wasu jiragen ruwa na Japan a cikin jiragen ruwa na Faransa.Sai dai Faransa ba ta son a ware ta fuskar diflomasiyya, kamar yadda aka saba yi a baya, musamman idan aka yi la'akari da yadda Jamus ke kara karfi.Jamus na da dalilai guda biyu na goyon bayan Rasha: na farko sha'awarta na jawo hankalin Rasha zuwa gabas da nisantar kanta, na biyu kuma, don neman goyon bayan Rasha wajen kafa yarjejeniyar yankin Jamus a China.Jamus ta yi fatan cewa goyon bayan da ake yi wa Rasha zai ba wa Rasha kwarin guiwa, ita kuma ta goyi bayan burin Jamus na mulkin mallaka, wanda ya fusata musamman tun ba da jimawa ba Jamus ta kafa kanta a matsayin dunkulalliyar kasa kuma ta isa a makare a lokacin "wasan" 'yan mulkin mallaka.

Hatsarin Yellow wani kwatanci ne na launin launin fata wanda ke kwatanta mutanen Gabas da Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya a matsayin haɗari mai wanzuwa ga yammacin duniya.A matsayin barazana ta al'adar tunani daga Gabas ta Gabas, tsoron Hatsarin Rawaya launin fata ne, ba na ƙasa ba, tsoro ba ya samo asali daga damuwa da takamaiman tushen haɗari daga kowace al'umma ko ƙasa ɗaya, amma daga rashin tsoro mai ban tsoro, tsoron wanzuwar fuska. runduna masu rawaya marasa suna.A matsayin wani nau'i na kyamar baki, Ta'addanci Yellow shine tsoron Gabas, ba farar fata ba;da tunanin wariyar launin fata da aka gabatar a cikin littafin The Rising Tide of Color Against White World-Supremacy (1920) na Lothrop Stoddard.Akidar wariyar launin fata na Yellow Peril ta samo asali ne daga "babban hoton birai, ƙananan maza, tsofaffi, yara, mahaukata, da halittu waɗanda suka mallaki iko na musamman", wanda ya samo asali a cikin karni na 19 yayin da fadada mulkin mallaka na yammacin Turai ya sanya Gabashin Asiya a matsayin Yellow Peril. .A ƙarshen karni na 19, masanin zamantakewa na Rasha Jacques Novikow ya ƙirƙira kalmar a cikin maƙalar "Le Péril Jaune" ("The Yellow Peril", 1897), wanda Kaiser Wilhelm II (r. 1888-1918) ya yi amfani da shi don ƙarfafa daulolin Turai don ƙarfafa daulolin Turai. mamayewa, mamayewa, da mamaye kasar Sin.Don haka, ta yin amfani da akidar Yellow Peril, Kaiser ya kwatanta nasarar Japan da Asiya a kan Rashawa a yakin Russo-Japanese (1904-1905) a matsayin barazanar launin fata na Asiya ga fararen Yammacin Turai, kuma ya fallasa China da Japan a matsayin a cikin ƙawance don cin galaba, mallakewa, da bautar da Yammacin duniya.

A cikin Disamba 1897, wani jirgin ruwa na Rasha ya bayyana a tashar jiragen ruwa na Port Arthur.Bayan watanni uku, a cikin 1898,Sin da Rasha sun yi shawarwari kan yarjejeniyar da Sin ta yi hayar (ga Rasha) Port Arthur, Talienwan da ruwan da ke kewaye.Bangarorin biyu sun kuma amince cewa za a iya tsawaita taron ta hanyar yarjejeniya.A bayyane yake Rashawa sun yi tsammanin irin wannan tsawaitawa, domin ba su yi hasarar lokaci ba wajen mamaye yankin da kuma ƙarfafa Port Arthur, tashar ruwan dumin su kaɗai a gabar tekun Fasifik kuma tana da ƙima mai girma.Bayan shekara guda, don ƙarfafa matsayinsu, Rashawa sun fara gina sabon layin dogo daga Harbin zuwa Mukden zuwa Port Arthur, tashar jirgin ƙasa ta Manchurian ta Kudu.Haɓaka hanyar jirgin ƙasa ya zama abin ba da gudummawa ga Tawayen Boxer, lokacin da sojojin Boxer suka kona tashoshin jirgin ƙasa.Har ila yau Rashawa sun fara kutsawa cikin Koriya.Babban abin da Rasha ke ci gaba da yin tasiri a Koriya shi ne gudun hijira na cikin gida na Gojong zuwa ƙungiyar Rasha.Majalisar ministocin da ke goyon bayan Rasha ta fito a cikindaular Koriya .A shekara ta 1901, Tsar Nicholas II ya gaya wa Yarima Henry na Prussia cewa, "Ba na so in kama Koriya amma a cikin wani hali ba zan iya barin Japan ta kafu a can ba. Wannan zai zama abin kunya."A shekara ta 1898 sun sami rangwamen ma'adinai da gandun daji kusa da kogin Yalu da Tumen, wanda ya haifar da damuwa ga Jafanawa.

Rasha da Jafanawa duk sun ba da gudummawar dakaru ga ƙungiyar ƙasashe takwas da aka aika a shekara ta 1900 don murkushe 'yan damben boksin da kuma taimakawa ƙungiyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa da aka yi wa kawanya a babban birnin kasar Sin, Beijing.Tuni dai Rasha ta aike da sojoji 177,000 zuwa Manchuria, wanda aka fi sani da suna kare hanyoyin jiragen kasa da ake ginawa.Ko da yake sojojin daular Qing da 'yan tawayen Boxer sun haɗu don yaki da mamayewa, sun yi sauri da sauri kuma sun kore su daga Manchuria.Bayan Tawayen Dambe, an girke sojojin Rasha 100,000 a Manchuria.Sojojin Rasha sun zauna a ciki kuma duk da tabbacin za su bar yankin bayan rikicin, a shekara ta 1903 Rasha ba ta kafa jadawalin janyewa ba kuma sun karfafa matsayinsu a Manchuria.

Wani dan kasar Japan Itō Hirobumi ya fara tattaunawa da Rashawa .Ya dauki Japan a matsayin mai rauni da ba zai iya korar Rashan ta hanyar soja ba, don haka ya ba da shawarar baiwa Rasha iko a Manchuria don musanya ikon mallakar Japan na Koriya ta Arewa.Daga cikin biyar na Genrō (dattijai) wadanda suka hada da Meiji oligarchy, Itō Hirobumi da Count Inoue Kaoru sun yi adawa da ra'ayin yaki da Rasha a kan dalilai na kudi, yayin da Katsura Tarō, Komura Jutarō da Field Marshal Yamagata Aritomo suka yarda da yaki.A halin yanzu, Japan da Burtaniya sun rattaba hannu kan kawancen Anglo-Japanese a cikin 1902 - Burtaniya na neman hana gasar ruwa ta hanyar kiyaye tashoshin ruwan tekun Pasifik na Rasha na Vladivostok da Port Arthur daga cikakken amfani.Ƙasar Japan da Birtaniya na nufin, a wani ɓangare, cewa idan kowace al'umma ta yi kawance da Rasha a duk wani yaki da Japan, to Birtaniya za ta shiga yakin a bangaren Japan.Rasha ba za ta iya ƙara dogaro da samun taimako daga Jamus ko Faransa ba tare da haɗarin shigar Birtaniyya a yaƙin ba.Tare da irin wannan ƙawance, Japan ta ji daɗin fara tashin hankali idan ya cancanta.Duk da tabbacin da aka yi a baya cewa Rasha za ta janye gaba daya daga Manchuria sojojin da ta aika don murkusheTawayen Dambe a ranar 8 ga Afrilun 1903, ranar ta wuce ba tare da raguwar sojojin Rasha a yankin ba.A ranar 28 ga Yuli 1903 Kurino Shin'ichiro, ministan Japan a Saint Petersburg, an umurce shi da ya gabatar da ra'ayin kasarsa na adawa da shirin hadin kan Rasha a Manchuria.A ranar 3 ga Agustan 1903 ministan Japan ya ba da shawararsu ta zama tushen ci gaba da shawarwari.A ranar 3 ga Oktoba, 1903, Ministan Rasha a Japan Roman Rosen, ya gabatar wa gwamnatin Japan shawara ta Rasha.A yayin tattaunawar Rasha da Japan, masanin tarihin Japan Hirono Yoshihiko ya lura cewa, "da zarar an fara shawarwari tsakanin Japan da Rasha, Rasha ta rage buƙatunta da iƙirarin da take yi game da Koriya kaɗan kaɗan, tare da yin jerin rangwame da Japan ta ɗauka a matsayin babban sulhu a ɓangaren Rasha. ".Wataƙila yakin bai barke ba idan ba a haɗa batun Koriya da Manchuria ba.An danganta batutuwan Koriya da Manchurian a matsayin Firayim Minista na Japan, Katsura Tarō, ya yanke shawarar idan yaki ya zo, cewa Japan za ta iya samun goyon bayan Amurka da Burtaniya idan za a iya gabatar da yakin a matsayin gwagwarmayar. ciniki cikin 'yanci a kan daular Rasha mai kariyar gaske, wanda a halin da ake ciki, Manchuria, wacce ita ce kasuwa mafi girma fiye da Koriya, ta kasance mai yuwuwar shigar da tausayin Anglo-Amurka.A cikin yakin, farfagandar Jafananci ta gabatar da jigon Japan mai maimaitawa a matsayin ikon "wayewa" (wanda ke goyan bayan ciniki cikin 'yanci kuma zai ba da izinin kasuwancin waje a cikin yankin Manchuria mai arzikin albarkatu) vs. Rasha ikon "marasa wayewa" (wanda ya kasance mai karewa). kuma yana so ya ajiye dukiyar Manchuria gaba ɗaya).A shekarun 1890 da 1900 sun nuna girman farfagandar "Yellow Peril" da gwamnatin Jamus ta yi, kuma Sarkin Jamus Wilhelm na biyu ya sha rubuta wasiku zuwa ga dan uwansa Emperor Nicholas II na Rasha, yana yaba masa a matsayin "mai ceton farar fata" tare da yin kira. Rasha gaba a Asiya.Jigon wasiƙun da Wilhelm ya rubuta wa Nicholas akai-akai shine cewa "Rasha Mai Tsarki" Allah ya zaɓe shi don ya ceci "dukkan fararen fata" daga "Haɗarin Yellow", kuma Rasha tana da "yancin" ta mamaye dukkan Koriya, Manchuria. , da arewacin kasar Sin har zuwa Beijing.Nicholas ya kasance a shirye don yin sulhu da Japan, amma bayan da ya karbi wasiƙar daga Wilhelm ya kai masa hari a matsayin matsoraci don shirye-shiryensa don yin sulhu da Jafananci (wanda, Wilhelm bai daina tunatar da Nicholas ba, ya wakilci "Harkokin Yellow") saboda zaman lafiya. , ya zama mai taurin kai.Lokacin da Nicholas ya amsa cewa har yanzu yana son zaman lafiya.Duk da haka, Tokyo ya yi imanin cewa Rasha ba ta da gaske wajen neman hanyar warware takaddamar cikin lumana.A ranar 21 ga Disamba 1903, majalisar ministocin Tarō ta kada kuri'a don tafiya yaki da Rasha.A ranar 4 ga Fabrairun 1904, ba a sami amsa ta zahiri daga Saint Petersburg ba.A ranar 6 ga Fabrairu an tuna da ministan Japan na Rasha, Kurino Shin'ichirọ, kuma Japan ta yanke huldar jakadanci da Rasha.

Ƙungiya ta farko ta Anglo-Japan ita ce ƙawance tsakanin Birtaniya daJapan , sun rattaba hannu a cikin Janairu 1902. Babban barazana ga bangarorin biyu daga Rasha .Faransa ta damu da yaƙi da Birtaniya, kuma tare da haɗin gwiwar Birtaniya, ta yi watsi da ƙawarta, Rasha, don kauce wa yakin Rasha da Japan na 1904. Duk da haka, Birtaniya ta goyi bayan Japan ya fusata Amurka da wasu yankunan Birtaniya, wadanda ra'ayinsu game da Daular. na Japan ya tsananta kuma a hankali ya zama abokan gaba.

Kasar Japan ta fitar da sanarwar yaki a ranar 8 ga Fabrairun 1904. Sai dai kuma, sa’o’i uku kafin ayyana yakin kasar Japan gwamnatin kasar Rasha ta samu, kuma ba tare da gargadi ba, sojojin ruwan Japan na Imperial sun kai hari kan jirgin ruwan gabas mai nisa na Rasha a Port Arthur.Tsar Nicholas II ya cika da mamakin labarin harin.Ba zai iya yarda cewa Japan za ta yi wani yaki ba tare da sanarwa na yau da kullun ba, kuma ministocinsa sun tabbatar da cewa Japan ba za ta yi yaki ba.Rasha ta shelanta yaki a Japan bayan kwanaki takwas.Japan, a mayar da martani, ya yi magana game da harin da Rasha a kan Sweden a 1808 ba tare da ayyana yaki.

Har ila yau, Chemulpo yana da muhimmiyar ma'ana, domin ita ce babbar tashar jiragen ruwa na babban birnin Koriya ta Seoul, kuma ita ce babbar hanyar mamayewa da sojojin Japan suka yi amfani da su a baya a yakin Sino-Japan na farko na 1894. Duk da haka, Chemulpo, tare da faffadan kogin ruwa. , daɗaɗɗen laka, da kunkuntar, tashoshi masu jujjuyawa, sun haifar da ƙalubalen dabara da dama ga duka maharan da masu tsaron gida.Yaƙin Chemulpo nasara ce ta soja ga Jafanawa.Rikicin Rasha a kan Varyag ya yi yawa.Dukkanin bindigogin Varyag guda goma sha biyu 6 in (150 mm), dukkan ta 12-pounders, da kuma duk 3-pounders ba a aiki, ta dauki 5 tsanani hits a ko kasa da waterline.Ayyukanta na sama da na'urorin hura iska sun ruɗe, kuma ma'aikatanta sun kashe aƙalla munanan gobara guda biyar.Daga cikin ma'aikatanta masu karfin 580, an kashe 33 sannan 97 suka jikkata.Mafi yawan lokuta masu tsanani a cikin wadanda suka jikkata na Rasha an yi musu magani a asibitin Red Cross da ke Chemulpo.Ma'aikatan Rasha - ban da wadanda suka ji rauni - sun koma Rasha a kan jiragen ruwan yaki na tsaka tsaki kuma an dauke su a matsayin jarumai.Ko da yake ya lalace sosai, Varyag-ba a busa ba-daga baya Jafananci ya rene shi kuma ya sanya shi cikin Sojojin ruwa na Japan na Imperial a matsayin jirgin horo na Soya.

A ranar 12 ga Afrilun 1904, jiragen ruwa biyu na Rasha da ba su da tsoro, jiragen ruwa na Petropavlovsk da Pobeda , sun zame daga tashar jiragen ruwa amma sun buge ma'adinan Jafan a kusa da Port Arthur.Kusan nan da nan jirgin Petropavlovsk ya nutse, yayin da Pobeda dole ne a dawo da shi zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa don gyare-gyare mai yawa.Admiral Makarov, daya daga cikin mafi tasiri dabarun sojan ruwa na Rasha na yakin, ya mutu a kan jirgin ruwa na Petropavlovsk .

Ya bambanta da dabarun Japan na saurin samun ƙasa don sarrafa Manchuria, dabarun Rasha sun mayar da hankali kan yaki da jinkirta ayyuka don samun lokaci don ƙarfafawa don isa ta hanyar dogo na Trans-Siberian, wanda bai cika ba a kusa da Irkutsk a lokacin.A ranar 1 ga Mayun 1904, yakin kogin Yalu ya zama babban yakin kasa na farko;Dakarun Japan sun kutsa kai wani matsayi na kasar Rasha bayan sun tsallaka kogin.Nasarar da sojojin Gabashin Rasha suka yi ya kawar da tunanin cewa Jafanawa za su kasance abokan gaba mai sauƙi, cewa yakin zai kasance takaice, kuma Rasha za ta kasance mai nasara.Wannan kuma shi ne karo na farko a cikin shekaru da dama da ya zama nasara a Asiya kan ikon Turai kuma ya nuna kasawar Rasha ta yi daidai da karfin sojan Japan.Sojojin Japan sun ci gaba da sauka a wurare da dama a kan gabar tekun Manchurian, kuma a cikin jerin ayyukan, sun kori Rashawa zuwa Port Arthur.

Bayan nasarar da Japan ta samu a kogin Yalu, sojojin Japan na biyu karkashin jagorancin Janar Yasukata Oku sun sauka a yankin Liaotung mai nisan mil 60 kawai daga Port Arthur.Manufar Jafananci ita ce ta keta wannan matsayi na tsaro na Rasha, ta kama tashar jiragen ruwa na Dalny, da kuma kewaye Port Arthur.A ranar 24 ga watan Mayun shekarar 1904, a lokacin da aka yi tsawa mai tsanani, runduna ta hudu ta kasar Japan karkashin jagorancin Laftanar Janar Ogawa Mataji ta kai hari kan garin Chinchou mai katanga, da ke arewa da tsaunin Nanzan.Duk da cewa dakarun da ba su wuce 400 ba ne suka yi garkuwa da su da manyan bindigogin gargajiya, runduna ta hudu ta kasa yin kokarin keta kofarta har sau biyu.Bataliyoyin biyu daga runduna ta farko sun kai hari kansu a karfe 05:30 ranar 25 ga Mayu 1904, daga karshe suka keta kariya suka kwace garin.A ranar 26 ga Mayun 1904, Oku ya fara da dogon zango na manyan bindigogi daga kwale-kwale na Jafananci a bakin teku, sannan kuma hare-haren da sojojin sa kai suka yi daga sassansa guda uku.'Yan kasar Rasha, dauke da nakiyoyin ma'adanai, bindigogin Maxim da kuma shingen waya, sun yi wa Jafanan asara mai yawa a yayin da ake ci gaba da kai musu hari.Da karfe 18:00, bayan yunƙuri tara, Jafanawa sun gaza shawo kan manyan mukaman Rasha.Oku ya yi duk abin da ya ajiye, kuma bangarorin biyu sun yi amfani da mafi yawan harsashin makamansu.Da yake gano kiran da ya yi na ƙarfafawa ba a amsa ba, Colonel Tretyakov ya yi mamakin ganin cewa rundunonin ajiyar da ba su yi aiki ba sun kasance a cikin cikakken ja da baya da kuma cewa sauran kayan ajiyar nasa sun rushe a karkashin umarnin Janar Fok.Fok, wanda ba shi da ban tsoro game da yuwuwar saukowar Jafanawa tsakanin matsayinsa da amincin Port Arthur, ya firgita da wani hari na rugujewar Rukunin Hudu na Jafanawa a gabar tekun yamma.A cikin gaggawar tserewa daga yakin, Fok ya yi watsi da gaya wa Tretyakov umarnin ja da baya, kuma Tretyakov ya sami kansa a cikin mawuyacin hali na kewaye da shi, ba tare da harsashi ba kuma babu wani ƙarfin da zai iya kaiwa ga harin.Tretyakov ba shi da wani zaɓi sai dai ya umarci sojojinsa su koma cikin layin tsaro na biyu.Da karfe 19:20, tutar Japan ta tashi daga koli na tsaunin Nanshan.Tretyakov, wanda ya yi yaƙi da kyau kuma wanda ya rasa mazaje 400 kawai a lokacin yaƙin, ya rasa ƙarin mutane 650 a cikin rashin goyon baya da baya baya ga manyan hanyoyin tsaro a kusa da Port Arthur.Saboda rashin harsashi, Japanawa ba za su iya tashi daga Nanshan ba har sai ranar 30 ga Mayu 1904. Ga mamakinsu, sun gano cewa Rashawa ba su yi wani yunƙuri na riƙe tashar jiragen ruwa na Dalny mai kima da sauƙi ba, amma sun ja da baya har zuwa baya. zuwa Port Arthur.Duk da cewa fararen hular garin sun wawashe, kayan tashar jiragen ruwa, dakunan ajiyar kaya da yadudduka na layin dogo duk sun lalace.

Bayan yakin Nanshan, Janar Oku Yasukata na Japan, kwamandan sojojin Japan na biyu, ya mamaye tare da gyara magudanar ruwa a Dalny, wanda Rashawan da suka gudu suka yi watsi da su.Bayan da ya bar Sojoji na 3 ya yi wa Port Arthur kawanya, kuma da samun rahotannin yunkurin kudancin Rasha da wasu mahara dawaki suka tabbatar, Oku ya fara sojojinsa a arewa a ranar 13 ga watan Yuni, bayan layin dogo a kudancin Liaoyang.Mako guda kafin wannan yarjejeniya, Kuropatkin ya aika Stackelberg zuwa kudu tare da umarni don sake kama Nanshan kuma ya ci gaba a kan Port Arthur, amma don kauce wa duk wani mataki mai mahimmanci a kan manyan sojojin.'Yan Rasha, sun gaskanta makasudin sojojin Japan na biyu na zama kama Port Arthur, sun motsa wuraren umarnin su zuwa Telissu.Stackelberg ya kafa rundunarsa, inda ya ajiye sojojinsa a kan hanyar dogo zuwa kudancin garin, yayin da Laftanar Janar Simonov, wanda ke jagorantar Sojan Cavalry na 19, ya dauki iyakar dama na gaba.Oku ya yi niyyar kai hari ne a gaba da runduna ta 3 da ta 5, daya a kowane gefen layin dogo, yayin da ta hudu za ta yi gaba a gefen dama na kasar Rasha a cikin kwarin Fuchou.A ranar 14 ga watan Yuni, Oku ya ci gaba da sojojinsa zuwa arewa zuwa sansanonin Rasha da ke kusa da ƙauyen Telissu.Stackelberg yana da kyakkyawan fata na nasara a wannan ranar.Rashawa sun mallaki manyan bindigogi da manyan bindigogi.Koyaya, maimakon hada kai da masu tsaron gida ta hanyar caji kai tsaye kwarin zuwa cikin tsaron Rasha, Oku ya ci gaba da rugujewa na 3 da na 5 tare da tsakiyar tsakiya, yayin da ya karkatar da rukunin na 4 cikin hanzari zuwa yamma domin ya lullube bangaren dama na Rasha. .Ko da yake tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Rasha sun gano wannan motsi, yanayi mara kyau ya hana su yin amfani da heliographs don gargadi Stakelberg a cikin lokaci.An fara gwabzawa da makami mai linzami, wanda ya nuna fifikon bindigogin Japanawa ba kawai a adadi ba har ma da daidaito.Sabuwar bindigar Putilov M-1903 ta Rasha ta fara gabatar da ita a wannan yakin, amma ba ta yi tasiri ba saboda rashin horar da ma'aikatan da kuma tsohon tunanin manyan jami'an bindigu.Ga alama mafi kyawun bindigogin Jafananci sun yi tasiri sosai a duk lokacin yaƙin.Yayin da sassan Japan a tsakiyar suka fara rikici, Stakelberg ya yanke hukunci cewa barazanar abokan gaba za su zo a gefen hagunsa, maimakon gefen dama, don haka ya aikata babban ajiyarsa a wannan hanya.Kuskure ne mai tsada.An ci gaba da gwabzawa har zuwa dare, kuma Oku ya yanke shawarar kaddamar da babban harin sa da gari ya waye.Hakazalika, Stackelberg ya kuma ƙaddara cewa safiyar 15 ga watan Yuni shine lokacin da ya yanke shawarar kansa.Abin mamaki, Stackelberg ya ba da umarni na magana kawai ga kwamandojin filinsa kuma ya bar ainihin lokacin da aka kai harin.Kwamandojin daidaikun mutane, ba tare da sanin lokacin da za su kaddamar da harin ba, kuma ba tare da rubutaccen umarni ba, ba su dauki matakin ba sai da misalin karfe 07:00 na safe.Kamar yadda kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na rukunin Rifle na Farko na Gabashin Siberiya a ƙarƙashin Laftanar Janar Aleksandr Gerngross ya himmatu wajen kai harin, abin ya ba rundunar 3rd ta Japan mamaki amma ba ta yi nasara ba, kuma nan da nan ta faɗi cikin rashin nasara.Ba da dadewa ba Stackelberg ya sami rahotannin firgita na wani ƙaƙƙarfan harin da Japan ta kai a gefen damansa da aka fallasa.Don gujewa lulluɓe, Rashawa sun fara komawa baya, suna barin manyan bindigoginsu masu daraja yayin da ƙungiyoyi na 4 da na 5 na Oku suka ci gajiyar damar su.Stakelberg ya ba da umarnin ja da baya a karfe 11:30, amma an ci gaba da gwabza kazamin fada har zuwa karfe 14:00.Sojojin Rasha sun isa ta jirgin kasa a dai-dai lokacin da sojojin Japan suka nufi tashar jirgin kasa.Da karfe 15:00, Stackelberg ya fuskanci babban shan kashi, amma kwatsam guguwar ruwan sama ta sa Japan ta ci gaba, kuma ta ba shi damar fitar da sojojinsa da ke kusa da Mukden.Harin da Rasha kawai ta yi don taimakawa Port Arthur ta haka ya kawo ƙarshen bala'i ga Rasha.

Yaƙin ya fara ne da ƙarfe 05:30 a ranar 24 ga Yuli 1904, tare da dogayen manyan bindigogi.Yayin da yanayin zafi ya wuce 34 ° C, 'yan kasar Rasha sun fara fama da illar zafi, da dama sun fado daga shanyewar jiki saboda kaurin rigar hunturu.Stakelberg mai juyayi ya tambayi Zarubaiev akai-akai game da janyewa;duk da haka, Zarubaiev ya ba da shawarar cewa ya gwammace ya janye a cikin duhu ba lokacin tsakiyar wani makami ba.Da tsakar rana ne sojojin kasar Japan suka fara binciken hare-hare.Duk da haka, da karfe 15:30, Jafanawa sun yi mummunan rauni saboda tsananin wutar da Rasha ta yi musu ba zato ba tsammani, kuma sun yi nasara ne kawai wajen fatattakar Rashawa daga wasu wurare na gaba.Ko da yake sun fi yawa, bindigogin na Rasha suna da tsayi mai tsayi da yawan wuta.Bangarorin biyu sun kulla ajiyarsu da karfe 16:00 na safe, inda aka ci gaba da fafatawa har zuwa karfe 19:30.Ya zuwa ƙarshen rana, Jafanawa suna da runduna guda ɗaya ce kawai ta rage a ajiye, yayin da Rashawa ke da bataliyoyin har yanzu.Rashin nasarar harin da Japanawa suka yi wajen tunkarar manyan bindigogin Rasha ya kara kwarin gwiwar masu tsaron baya.Duk da haka, ko da Japanawa ke shirin sabunta hare-haren su a washegari, Rasha na shirin ja da baya.Bayan da dare ya yi a ranar 24 ga watan Yuli, Laftanar Janar Ueda Arisawa, kwamandan runduna ta 5 ta Japan, ya bayyana jin kunyarsa kan yadda rundunarsa ta gudanar da ayyukansa, inda ya nemi Janar Oku da a ba shi damar kai harin dare.An ba da izini, kuma bayan wata ya ba da isasshen haske da ƙarfe 22:00, rukunin 5 ya koma gefen hagu na Rasha, da sauri ya mamaye layin tsaro na biyu da na uku na Rasha.Da karfe 03:00 ne rundunar ta 3 ta kasar Japan ita ma ta kai hari da daddare, kuma nan da nan ta kame wasu tuddai masu muhimmanci wadanda suka zama muhimmin batu a cikin layin tsaron Rasha a ranar da ta gabata.Da misalin karfe 06:40 ne aka bude wuta da bindigogin atilare na kasar Japan, amma ba a mayar da wutar ba.Runduna ta shida ta Japan ta fara tafiya gaba, sai kuma ta hudu ta Japan da karfe 08:00 na safe.Da karfe 13:00, Jafanawa sun mamaye sauran mukaman Rasha kuma garin Tashihchiao yana hannun Jafan.Stakelberg ya yanke shawarar janyewa nan da nan da zaran an fara kai harin da daddare na Japan, kuma ya sake gudanar da wani gagarumin ja da baya a cikin wuta.

An fara kewaye birnin Port Arthur a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1904. Sojojin Japan sun yi ƙoƙarin kai hare-hare na gaba da yawa a kan tudu masu kagara da ke kallon tashar jiragen ruwa, waɗanda aka yi galaba a kansu tare da kashe Jafanawa dubbai.Tare da taimakon batura da yawa na 11-inch (280 mm) howitzers, Jafananci sun sami damar kama babban tudun tudun a watan Disamba 1904. Makamai masu linzami sun sami damar harba jiragen ruwa na Rasha, wadanda suka kasa ramawa da makamai masu linzami na kasa da ba a iya gani a daya gefen tsaunuka, kuma ba su iya ko kuma sun ki tashi daga jirgin da ke tare da jirgin.Jiragen yaki na Rasha hudu da jiragen ruwa guda biyu sun nutse a jere, inda jirgin yaki na biyar da na karshe aka tilastawa yin kaca-kaca bayan 'yan makonni.Don haka, duk manyan jiragen ruwa na jiragen ruwa na Rasha a cikin Pacific sun nutse.Watakila wannan shi ne misali daya tilo a tarihin soji lokacin da aka samu irin wannan barna ta hanyar amfani da manyan bindigogi na kasa a kan manyan jiragen ruwa na yaki.

Tare da mutuwar Admiral Stepan Makarov a lokacin da aka kewaye Port Arthur a watan Afrilu 1904, an nada Admiral Wilgelm Vitgeft kwamandan rundunar sojojin ruwa kuma aka umarce shi da ya yi jigilar kaya daga Port Arthur kuma ya tura sojojinsa zuwa Vladivostok.Vitgeft ya tashi da tutarsa ​​a cikin Tsesarevich da aka gina a Faransa, Vitgeft ya ci gaba da jagorantar jiragen yakinsa guda shida, jiragen ruwa guda hudu, da masu lalata jirgin ruwa 14 a cikin Tekun Yellow da sanyin safiyar 10 ga Agusta 1904. Yana jiran shi Admiral Tōgō da nasa ne. rundunar jiragen ruwa guda hudu, jiragen ruwa 10, da masu lalata kwale-kwale 18.Da misalin karfe 12:15, jiragen yakin yakin sun sami haduwar gani da juna, kuma da karfe 13:00 na rana tare da Tōgo suka tsallake Vitgeft's T, suka fara wutan batir mai nisan mil takwas, mafi tsayi da aka taba gudanarwa har zuwa wannan lokacin.Kusan mintuna talatin jiragen yakin suna ta luguden wuta har sai da suka rufe bai wuce mil hudu ba suka fara kawo baturansu na sakandare cikin wasa.Da karfe 18:30, wani bugu daga daya daga cikin jiragen yaki na Tōgo ya buge gadar tutar Vitgeft, inda ya kashe shi nan take.Tare da helkwatar Tsesarevich kuma aka kashe su a cikin aikin, ta juya daga layin yaƙinta, ta haifar da rudani a tsakanin rundunarta.Duk da haka, Tōgo ya kuduri aniyar nutsar da tutar Rasha kuma ya ci gaba da yi mata luguden wuta, kuma ta sami ceto ne kawai ta hanyar babban cajin jirgin ruwan yakin Rasha na Retvizan da Amurka ta kera, wanda kyaftin dinsa ya yi nasarar janye wutar da Tōgo ta yi daga tutar Rasha.Sanin yaƙin da ke gabatowa tare da ƙarfafa sojojin da ke isowa daga Rasha (Rukunin Baltic), Tōgo ya zaɓi kada ya yi kasada da jiragen yaƙinsa ta hanyar bin abokan gabansa yayin da suka juya suka koma Port Arthur, don haka ya kawo ƙarshen tarihin jirgin ruwa mafi tsayi. zuwa wancan lokacin da karo na farko na zamani na jiragen ruwan yaƙi na ƙarfe a kan manyan tekuna.

Lokacin da sojojin Japan na Imperial (IJA) suka sauka a yankin Liaodong Peninsula, Janar Ōyama Iwao na Japan ya raba dakarunsa.Rundunar sojojin IJA ta 3 a karkashin Laftanar Janar Nogi Maresuke an tura su kai farmaki kan sansanin sojojin ruwa na Rasha da ke Port Arthur a kudu, yayin da IJA 1st Army, IJA 2nd Army da IJA 4th Army za su hadu a birnin Liaoyang.Janar Aleksey Kuropatkin na Rasha ya yi niyyar tinkarar ci gaban Japan tare da shirye-shiryen janyewa, da nufin yin cinikin yanki na tsawon lokacin da ake buƙata don isassun ajiyar kuɗi daga Rasha don ba shi fa'ida mai mahimmanci akan Jafananci.Duk da haka, wannan dabarar ba ta yarda da Mataimakin Shugaban Rasha Yevgeni Ivanovich Alekseyev ba, wanda ke matsawa zuwa matsayi mai tsanani da nasara a kan Japan.Bangarorin biyu sun kalli Liaoyang a matsayin wani wuri da ya dace da wani gagarumin yaki wanda zai yanke hukunci kan sakamakon yakin.An fara gwabza fada ne a ranar 25 ga watan Agusta da wani makami mai linzami na kasar Japan, sannan ya biyo bayan ci gaban rundunar sojojin kasar Japan karkashin Laftanar Janar Hasegawa Yoshimichi a gefen dama na rundunar sojojin kasar ta Siberiya ta 3.Sojojin Rasha karkashin Janar Bilderling ne suka yi galaba a kan wannan hari saboda girman girman makaman Rasha da Japanawa suka kashe sama da dubu daya.A daren ranar 25 ga watan Agusta ne runduna ta biyu ta IJA da runduna ta 12 ta IJA karkashin Manjo Janar Matsunaga Masatoshi suka yi artabu da rundunar sojojin Siberiya ta 10 a gabashin Liaoyang.An gwabza kazamin fada cikin dare a kusa da gangaren wani dutse mai suna "Peikou", wanda ya fada hannun Jafan a yammacin ranar 26 ga watan Agusta.Kuropatin ya ba da umarnin ja da baya a karkashin ruwan sama mai yawa da hazo, zuwa iyakar tsaron da ke kewaye da Liaoyang, wanda ya karfafa tare da ajiyarsa.Har ila yau, a ranar 26 ga watan Agusta, ci gaban rundunar sojojin IJA ta 2 da ta 4 ta IJA ta dakatar da Janar Zarubaev na Rasha kafin daga baya mafi tsayin layin tsaro zuwa kudu.Duk da haka, a ranar 27 ga watan Agusta, abin da ya ba Japan mamaki da mamakin kwamandojinsa, Kuropatkin bai ba da umarnin kai hari ba, amma a maimakon haka ya ba da umarnin a watsar da kewayen tsaron waje, kuma duk sojojin Rasha su ja baya zuwa layin tsaro na biyu. .Wannan layin yana da nisan mil 7 (kilomita 11) kudu da Liaoyang, kuma ya hada da kananan tsaunuka da yawa wadanda aka yi musu katanga sosai, musamman wani tsauni mai tsayin mita 210 da Rashawa suka sani da "Cairn Hill".Gajerun layin sun fi sauƙi ga Rashawa su kare, amma sun taka leda a cikin shirye-shiryen Ōyama na kewaye da lalata Sojojin Manchurian na Rasha.Ōyama ya umarci Kuroki zuwa arewa, inda ya yanke layin dogo da hanyar tserewa daga Rasha, yayin da aka umarci Oku da Nozu da su shirya wani harin gaba da kai tsaye zuwa kudu.Fashe na gaba na yaƙin ya fara ne a ranar 30 ga watan Agusta tare da sabon harin Japanawa a kowane fage.Duk da haka, saboda manyan manyan bindigogi da manyan katangarsu, 'yan Rasha sun fatattaki hare-haren da aka kai a ranakun 30 ga Agusta da 31 ga Agusta, wanda ya jawo hasarar da yawa ga Japanawa.Bugu da ƙari ga firgitar da janar ɗinsa, Kuropatkin ba zai ba da izinin kai hari ba.Kuropatkin ya ci gaba da yin la'akari da girman sojojin da suka kai hari, kuma ba zai yarda ya ba da sojojinsa a yakin ba.A ranar 1 ga Satumba, Sojojin Japan na 2 sun kama Dutsen Cairn kuma kusan rabin sojojin Japan na farko sun haye kogin Taitzu kimanin mil takwas gabas da layin Rasha.Daga nan Kuropatkin ya yanke shawarar yin watsi da kakkarfan layin tsaronsa, ya kuma yi ja da baya cikin tsari zuwa tsakiyar layin tsaro uku da ke kewaye da Liaoyang.Hakan ya baiwa sojojin Japan damar kaiwa ga wani matsayi da suke da nisa don harba birnin, ciki har da tashar jirgin kasa mai mahimmanci.Wannan ya sa Kuropatkin daga karshe ya ba da izinin kai hari, da nufin lalata sojojin Japan a tsallaken kogin Taitzu da kuma tabbatar da wani tudu da Japanawa suka fi sani da "Manjuyama", a gabashin birnin.Kuroki yana da cikakken rukuni guda biyu ne kawai a gabashin birnin, kuma Kuropatkin ya yanke shawarar kashe sojojin Siberiya na farko da na 10th Siberian Army Corps da bataliya goma sha uku karkashin Manjo Janar NV Orlov (daidai da sassa biyar) a kansa.Duk da haka, manzon da Kuropatkin ya aiko tare da oda ya ɓace, kuma mutanen Orlov da yawa sun firgita saboda ganin sassan Japan.A halin da ake ciki kuma, rundunar soja ta 1 ta Siberiya karkashin Janar Georgii Stackelberg ta isa da yammacin ranar 2 ga watan Satumba, inda ta gaji da tafiya mai nisa ta laka da ruwan sama kamar da bakin kwarya.Lokacin da Stackelberg ya nemi Janar Mishchenko don taimako daga brigades biyu na Cossacks, Mishchenko ya yi ikirarin cewa yana da umarnin zuwa wani wuri kuma ya watsar da shi.Harin dare da sojojin Japan suka kai kan Manjuyama da farko ya yi nasara, amma a cikin rudani, sojojin Rasha uku sun yi ta harbin kan mai uwa da wabi, kuma da safe tudun ya koma hannun Jafan.A halin yanzu, a ranar 3 ga Satumba Kuropatkin ya sami rahoto daga Janar Zarubayev game da layin tsaro na ciki cewa ya gaza a kan harsashi.Wannan rahoto da sauri ya biyo bayan rahoton Stackelberg cewa dakarunsa sun gaji da ci gaba da kai farmakin.A lokacin da wani rahoto ya zo cewa Sojojin Japan na farko sun shirya tsaf don kakkabe Liaoyang daga arewa, Kuropatkin ya yanke shawarar yin watsi da birnin, kuma ya sake haduwa a Mukden mai tazarar kilomita 65 (mil 40) zuwa arewa.An fara ja da baya a ranar 3 ga Satumba kuma an kammala shi a ranar 10 ga Satumba.

Bayan yakin Liaoyang halin da ake ciki na Janar Alexei Kuropatkin, babban kwamandan sojojin kasar Rasha a Manchuria ya kara zama mara dadi.Kuropatkin ya ba da rahoton nasarar da aka samu a Liaoyang ga Tsar Nicholas II don samun ƙarfin ƙarfafa da sabuwar hanyar jirgin ƙasa ta Trans-Siberian ta kawo, amma halin da ake ciki na sojojinsa ya yi ƙasa da ƙasa, kuma sojojin Rasha da aka kewaye a Port Arthur sun kasance cikin haɗari.Idan Port Arthur ta fadi, Sojoji na uku na Janar Nogi Maresuke za su iya motsawa zuwa arewa kuma su shiga cikin sauran sojojin Japan, wanda zai ba Jafananci damar samun fifiko na lambobi.Ko da yake yana buƙatar sake jujjuya yanayin yaƙin, Kuropatkin ya ƙi yin nisa sosai daga Mukden saboda gabatowar hunturu, da kuma rashin ingantattun taswira.Shirin yaƙin na Rasha shi ne ya toshe ci gaban Japanawa a kogin Shaho dake kudancin Mukden ta hanyar juya gefen dama na Jafananci da kuma tunkarar Liaoyang tare da Stackelberg na Gabashin Detachment.A lokaci guda, Bilderling Western Division zai matsa kudu kuma ya yanke Kuroki's IJA 1st Army.Filin yana da faɗi har zuwa Liaoyang ga gefen dama na Rasha da tsakiya, da tudu zuwa gefen hagu.Ba kamar ayyukan da aka yi a baya ba, an girbe gonakin dogayen hatsi na kaoliang, tare da hana ɓoyewar Japan.Bayan makonni biyu ana gwabzawa, yakin ya ƙare ba tare da cimma wata dabara ba.Da dabara, Jafanawa sun ci gaba da nisan kilomita 25 akan hanyar zuwa Mukden, amma mafi mahimmanci sun toshe wani babban laifi na Rasha tare da kawo karshen duk wani bege na kawar da Siege na Port Arthur ta ƙasa.

A halin da ake ciki, 'yan Rasha suna shirye-shiryen karfafa rundunarsu ta Gabas ta Tsakiya ta hanyar aika rundunar Baltic Fleet, karkashin jagorancin Admiral Zinovy ​​Rozhestvensky.Bayan fara karyar da aka samu sakamakon matsalolin injina da wasu bata gari, a karshe tawagar ta tashi a ranar 15 ga Oktoban 1904, kuma ta yi tafiya da rabi a duniya daga Tekun Baltic zuwa Tekun Pacific ta hanyar Cape Route a kusa da Cape of Good Hope a cikin tafiyar bakwai. -month odyssey wanda zai ja hankalin duniya.

Bankin Dogger ya faru ne a daren ranar 21/22 ga Oktoba 1904, lokacin da Rundunar Baltic na Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Rasha ta yi kuskuren kuskuren wani jirgin ruwa na Birtaniya daga Kingston a kan Hull a yankin Dogger Bank na Arewacin Tekun Arewa don jiragen ruwa na Japan na Japan. akan su.Hakazalika jiragen yakin Rasha sun yi ta luguden wuta kan juna a cikin rudanin melée.Wasu masunta na Burtaniya biyu sun mutu, wasu shida kuma suka jikkata, jirgin kamun kifi daya ya nutse, sannan wasu jiragen ruwa biyar sun lalace.Bayan haka, wasu jaridun Biritaniya sun kira jiragen ruwa na Rasha 'yan fashin teku', kuma Admiral Rozhestvensky ya sha suka sosai kan rashin barin jiragen ruwa na masunta na Burtaniya.Sojojin ruwa na Royal sun shirya yaki, inda aka umarci jiragen yaki 28 na Home Fleet da su tayar da tururi da kuma shirye-shiryen yin aiki, yayin da jiragen ruwa na Birtaniya suka yi wa jiragen ruwa na Rasha inuwa yayin da suke tafiya ta hanyar Bay of Biscay da bakin tekun Portugal.A karkashin matsin lamba na diflomasiyya, gwamnatin Rasha ta amince ta binciki lamarin, kuma aka umarci Rozhestvensky da ya tashi zuwa tashar jirgin ruwa a Vigo, Spain, inda ya bar wa] annan jami'an da aka yi la'akari da su (da kuma akalla wani jami'in da ya yi masa suka).Daga Vigo, manyan jiragen ruwa na Rasha sun isa Tangiers, Maroko, kuma sun rasa hulɗa da Kamchatka na kwanaki da yawa.A ƙarshe Kamchatka ta sake shiga cikin rundunar kuma ta yi iƙirarin cewa ta yi amfani da jiragen ruwa na Japan guda uku kuma ta harba harsashi 300.Jiragen da ta harba a zahiri wani dan kasuwa ne dan kasar Sweden, wani jirgin ruwa na Jamus, da kuma wani dan kasar Faransa.Yayin da rundunar ta tashi daga Tangiers, wani jirgin ruwa da gangan ya yanke kebul na telegraph na karkashin ruwa na birnin tare da ankanta, wanda ya hana sadarwa da Turai na tsawon kwanaki hudu.Damuwar cewa daftarin sabbin jiragen ruwa, wadanda aka tabbatar sun fi yadda aka tsara su, zai hana su ratsa mashigar ruwa ta Suez Canal ya sa rundunar ta rabu bayan barin Tangiers a ranar 3 ga Nuwamba 1904. Sabbin jiragen ruwa da 'yan jirgin ruwa sun zagaya a cikin tekun. Cape of Good Hope karkashin jagorancin Admiral Rozhestvensky yayin da tsofaffin jiragen ruwa da jiragen ruwa masu saukar ungulu suka bi ta hanyar Suez Canal karkashin jagorancin Admiral von Felkerzam.Sun yi shirin yin balaguro a Madagascar, kuma sassan biyu na rundunar sun yi nasarar kammala wannan sashe na tafiyar.Jirgin daga nan ya wuce zuwa Tekun Japan.

Bayan yakin Liaoyang a karshen watan Agusta, sojojin arewacin Rasha da za su iya taimakawa Port Arthur sun koma Mukden (Shenyang).Manjo Janar Anatoly Stessel, kwamandan garrison na Port Arthur, ya yi imanin cewa manufar kare birnin ta ɓace bayan an lalata rundunar.Gabaɗaya, masu tsaron Rasha suna fama da asarar da ba ta dace ba a duk lokacin da Japanawa suka kai hari.Musamman ma, wasu manyan nakiyoyin karkashin kasa sun fashe a karshen watan Disamba, wanda ya yi sanadin kama wasu ‘yan tsirarun layin tsaron da suka yi tsada.Don haka Stessel ya yanke shawarar mika wuya ga manyan hafsoshin kasar Japan da suka yi mamaki a ranar 2 ga watan Janairun 1905. Ya yanke shawararsa ba tare da tuntubar sauran jami’an soja da ke wurin ba, ko kuma Tsar da kwamandan soja, wadanda dukkansu ba su amince da shawarar ba.Kotun soja ta yanke wa Stessel hukunci a shekara ta 1908 kuma ta yanke masa hukuncin kisa saboda rashin iya kare kansa da kuma rashin bin umarni.Daga baya aka yi masa afuwa.

Bayan yakin Shaho, sojojin Rasha da na Japan sun fuskanci juna a kudancin Mukden har zuwa lokacin sanyi na Manchurian.Dakarun Rasha sun mamaye birnin Mukden, yayin da Japanawa suka mamaye gaba mai nisan kilomita 160 tare da sojojin Japan na daya da na 2 da na 4 da kuma na Akiyama masu zaman kansu.Shugabannin Jafananci sun yi tunanin cewa babu wani babban yaƙin da zai yiwu kuma sun ɗauka cewa Rashawa suna da irin wannan ra'ayi game da wahalar yakin hunturu.Kwamandan na Rasha, Janar Aleksey Kuropatkin yana samun ƙarfafawa ta hanyar jirgin ƙasa na Trans-Siberian amma ya damu da zuwan sojojin Japan na uku masu ƙarfi a karkashin Janar Nogi Maresuke a gaba bayan faduwar Port Arthur a ranar 2 ga Janairu 1905.Dakarun Rasha na biyu karkashin Janar Oskar Gripenberg, tsakanin 25 zuwa 29 ga Janairu, sun kai hari a gefen hagu na Japan kusa da garin Sandepu, inda suka kusa kutsawa.Hakan ya baiwa Jafanawa mamaki.Duk da haka, ba tare da goyon bayan wasu sassan Rasha harin ya tsaya ba, Kuropatkin ya ba da umarnin dakatar da Gripenberg kuma yakin bai cika ba.Yayin da yakin ya kare cikin dabara, babu wani bangare da ya yi ikirarin samun nasara.A Rasha, masu ra'ayin Markisanci sun yi amfani da takaddamar jarida da Gripenberg ya haifar, da kuma rashin iyawar Kuropatkin a fadace-fadacen baya, wajen samun karin goyon baya a yakin da suke yi da gwamnati.

Yaƙin Mukden ya fara ne a ranar 20 ga Fabrairun 1905. A cikin kwanaki masu zuwa sojojin Japan sun ci gaba da kai farmaki a gefen dama da hagu na sojojin Rasha da ke kewaye da Mukden, tare da tazarar mil 50 (kilomita 80).Kimanin mutane rabin miliyan ne suka shiga fadan.Bangarorin biyu sun samu gindin zama sosai kuma an samu goyon bayan daruruwan bindigogi.Bayan kwanaki ana gwabza kazamin fada, karin matsin lamba daga gefuna ya tilastawa duka bangarorin tsaron na Rasha su koma baya.Ganin cewa za a yi musu kawanya, sai Rashawa suka fara ja da baya, suna yakar wasu munanan matakan tsaro, wanda nan da nan ya tabarbare cikin rudani da rugujewar sojojin Rasha.A ranar 10 ga Maris 1905, bayan makonni uku na fada, Janar Kuropatkin ya yanke shawarar janyewa zuwa arewacin Mukden.Rashawa sun yi kiyasin sun jikkata 90,000 a yakin.Rundunar sojojin Manchurian na Rasha da suka koma baya sun watse a matsayin ƙungiyoyin fada, amma Jafanawa sun kasa halaka su gaba ɗaya.Jafanawa da kansu sun sha wahala sosai kuma ba su da wani sharadi na bi su.Ko da yake yakin Mukden ya kasance babban kaye ga Rashawa kuma shi ne yakin da Japan ta taba yi a kan kasa, nasara ta karshe ta dogara ne ga sojojin ruwa.

Bayan shafe makonni da dama a karamar tashar jiragen ruwa na Nossi-Bé, Madagascar, wanda Faransa mai tsaka-tsaki ta amince da shi ba tare da son rai ba don kada ya lalata dangantakarta da kawayenta na Rasha, jiragen ruwan Baltic na Rasha sun zarce zuwa Cam Ranh Bay a Faransanci Indochina suna wucewa. A kan hanyarta ta Mashigin Singapore tsakanin 7 da 10 Afrilu 1905. Jirgin daga ƙarshe ya isa Tekun Japan a watan Mayu 1905. Jirgin ruwan Baltic ya yi tafiya mai nisan mil 18,000 na ruwa (kilomita 33,000) don ya huta da Port Arthur sai kawai ya ji labari mai ban tausayi cewa Port Arthur. ya fadi yayin da yake har yanzu a Madagascar.Fatan Admiral Rozhestvensky yanzu shine isa tashar jiragen ruwa na Vladivostok.Akwai hanyoyi guda uku zuwa Vladivostok, tare da mafi guntu kuma mafi kai tsaye ta hanyar Tsushima Strait tsakanin Koriya da Japan.Koyaya, wannan kuma ita ce hanya mafi haɗari yayin da ta ratsa tsakanin tsibiran gida na Japan da sansanonin sojojin ruwa na Japan a Koriya.Admiral Tōgo ya san ci gaban Rasha kuma ya fahimci cewa, tare da faduwar Port Arthur, ƙungiyoyin na biyu da na uku na Pacific za su yi ƙoƙari su isa sauran tashar jiragen ruwa na Rasha kawai a Gabas mai Nisa, Vladivostok.An tsara shirye-shiryen yaƙi kuma an gyara jiragen ruwa kuma an sake gyara su don kutsa kai cikin rundunar sojojin Rasha.Rundunar Haɗaɗɗen Jafananci, wadda ta ƙunshi jiragen ruwa guda shida, yanzu ta kasance zuwa jiragen ruwa guda hudu da kuma yakin basasa na biyu (biyu sun yi hasara ga ma'adinai), amma har yanzu suna riƙe da jiragen ruwa, masu lalata, da jiragen ruwa.Rukunin Rukunin Fasifik na biyu na Rasha ya ƙunshi jiragen yaƙi guda takwas, waɗanda suka haɗa da sabbin jiragen yaƙi guda huɗu na ajin Borodino, da kuma jiragen ruwa, masu ruguzawa da sauran mataimaka na jimillar jiragen ruwa 38.A karshen watan Mayu, runduna ta biyu ta Pacific Squadron ta kasance a matakin karshe na tafiya zuwa Vladivostok, inda ta dauki gajeriyar hanya mafi hadari tsakanin Koriya da Japan, kuma tana tafiya cikin dare don guje wa ganowa.Abin takaici ga Rashawa, yayin da suke bin ka'idodin yaki, jiragen ruwa biyu na asibiti da ke bin bayansu sun ci gaba da kona fitilunsu, wanda wani jirgin ruwa na Japan mai dauke da makamai na Japan Shinano Maru ya gani.An yi amfani da sadarwa mara waya wajen sanar da hedkwatar Togo, inda nan take aka umarci rundunar hadin gwiwa da ta warware.Duk da haka suna samun rahotanni daga sojojin da ke sa ido, Jafananci sun sami damar sanya jiragen su don "tsaye T" na jiragen ruwa na Rasha.Jafananci sun tsunduma Rashawa a mashigar Tsushima a ranar 27-28 ga Mayu 1905. Jirgin ruwan Rasha ya kusan halaka, ya yi asarar jiragen yaki takwas, da kananan jiragen ruwa da yawa, da mutane sama da 5,000, yayin da Japanawa suka rasa jiragen ruwa guda uku da maza 116.Jiragen ruwan Rasha uku ne kawai suka tsere zuwa Vladivostok, yayin da wasu shida suka shiga cikin tashar jiragen ruwa masu tsaka tsaki.Bayan yakin Tsushima, hadin gwiwar sojojin Japan da na ruwa sun mamaye tsibirin Sakhalin don tilasta wa Rashawa neman zaman lafiya.

Dakarun kasar Japan sun fara aikin sauka a ranar 7 ga watan Yulin shekarar 1905, inda babbar runduna ta sauka tsakanin Aniva da Korsakov ba tare da adawa ba, sai kuma wata ƙungiya ta biyu ta sauka kusa da Korsakov da kanta, inda ta lalata batir na bindigogin fage bayan ɗan gajeren yaƙi.A ranar 8 ga watan Yuli ne sojojin kasar Japan suka mamaye Korsakov, wanda sojojin kasar Rasha da suka koma baya suka kona wuta bayan wasu mutane 2,000 da Kanar Josef Arciszewski ya jagoranta sun kare su na tsawon sa'o'i 17.Jafananci sun koma arewa, sun ɗauki ƙauyen Vladimirovka a ranar 10 ga Yuli, a wannan rana da wani sabon rundunar sojan Japan ya sauka a Cape Notoro.Kanar Arciszewski ya haƙa don ya yi tsayayya da Jafananci, amma ya yi waje da shi kuma an tilasta masa ya gudu zuwa cikin tsibirin tsibirin.Ya mika wuya tare da sauran mutanensa a ranar 16 ga Yuli.Kimanin 'yan kasar Rasha 200 ne aka kama yayin da Japanawa suka ji rauni 18 da kuma jikkata 58.A ranar 24 ga Yuli, Japanawa sun sauka a arewacin Sakhalin kusa da Alexandrovsk-Sakhalinski.A arewacin Sakhalin, Rashawa na da kusan dakaru 5,000 karkashin jagorancin Janar Lyapunov kai tsaye.Saboda fifikon lambobi da kayan aiki na Jafanawa, Rashawa sun janye daga birnin suka mika wuya bayan 'yan kwanaki a ranar 31 ga Yuli 1905.

Shugabannin soji da manyan jami'an tsarist sun amince kafin yakin cewa Rasha kasa ce mai karfi kuma ba ta da wani tsoro daga Daular Japan.Tsananin kishi na sojojin Jafananci ya ba wa Rashawa mamaki, waɗanda suka firgita saboda halin ko in kula, da ci baya, da cin kashin da sojojinsu suke yi.Nasarar da Sojoji da na ruwa suka yi ya girgiza amincewar Rasha.Jama'a sun yi adawa da karuwar yakin.Tabbas daular ta iya tura karin dakaru amma hakan ba zai haifar da da mai ido ba saboda rashin kyawun yanayin tattalin arziki, abin kunyar da sojojin Rasha da na ruwa da Japan suka yi, da kuma rashin muhimmanci ga kasar Rasha da ake takaddama a kai. ya sanya yakin ya zama wanda ba a so sosai.Tsar Nicholas II ya zaba don yin shawarwarin zaman lafiya don ya mai da hankali kan al'amuran cikin gida bayan bala'in Jini Lahadi a ranar 9 ga Janairu 1905.Bangarorin biyu sun amince da tayin Amurka na shiga tsakani.An gudanar da tarurruka a Portsmouth, New Hampshire, tare da Sergei Witte ya jagoranci tawagar Rasha, Baron Komura ya jagoranci tawagar Japan.An sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar Portsmouth a ranar 5 ga Satumba 1905 a tashar jiragen ruwa na Portsmouth.Bayan zawarcin Japanawa, Amurka ta yanke shawarar marawa Tsar baya na kin biyan diyya, matakin da masu tsara manufofi a Tokyo suka fassara da cewa Amurka na da sha'awar fiye da kima kan harkokin Asiya.Rasha ta amince da Koriya a matsayin wani bangare na tasirin Japan kuma ta amince ta kwashe Manchuria.Japan za ta mamaye Koriya a 1910 (Yarjejeniyar Japan-Korea ta 1910), tare da rashin amincewa daga wasu iko.Daga shekarar 1910 zuwa gaba, Jafanawa sun dauki dabarar yin amfani da yankin Koriya a matsayin wata kofa ta nahiyar Asiya da sanya tattalin arzikin Koriya ya kasance karkashin muradun tattalin arzikin Japan.An zargi Amurka da yawa a Japan kan yarjejeniyar Portsmouth bayan da aka zarge ta da "ha'inci" Japan daga haƙƙinta a taron zaman lafiya.

Tasiri da tasirin yakin Russo-Japan ya gabatar da halaye da yawa waɗanda suka zo don ayyana siyasa da yaƙi na ƙarni na 20.Yawancin sabbin abubuwa da juyin juya halin masana'antu ya zo da su, kamar manyan bindigogi masu harbi da bindigogi, da kuma ingantattun bindigu, an fara gwada su ne bisa ma'auni.Ayyukan soji a teku da ƙasa sun nuna cewa yaƙin zamani ya sami sauyi mai yawa tun lokacin Yaƙin Franco-Prussian na 1870-71.Yawancin kwamandojin sojoji sun yi hasashen yin amfani da waɗannan tsarin makamai don mamaye fagen fama a matakin aiki da dabara amma, kamar yadda abubuwan da suka faru suka faru, ci gaban fasaha ya canza yanayin yaƙi har abada.Ga Gabashin Asiya wannan shine karo na farko bayan shekaru talatin da suka hada da sojoji biyu na zamani.Makamin na ci gaba ya haifar da asarar rayuka masu yawa.Japan ko Rasha ba su yi tanadin adadin mace-macen da za su faru a cikin wannan sabon nau'in yakin ba, ko kuma ba su da albarkatun da za su rama irin wannan asarar.Wannan kuma ya bar ra’ayinsa ga al’umma gaba daya, tare da bullar kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da na kasa da kasa, kamar kungiyar agaji ta Red Cross, wadanda suka shahara bayan yakin.Sakamakon gano matsalolin gama gari da ƙalubale ya fara tafiyar hawainiya da ta mamaye yawancin ƙarni na 20.An kuma yi iƙirarin cewa rikicin yana da sifofi na abin da daga baya za a bayyana shi a matsayin "yaƙi duka".Wadannan sun hada da tara dakaru a yaki da kuma bukatar samar da wadatattun kayan aiki, makamai, da kayayyaki wanda ake bukatar tallafin gida da na kasashen waje.Har ila yau, ana jayayya cewa mayar da martani a cikin gida a Rasha game da gazawar gwamnatin tsarist ya haifar da rushewar daular Romanov.Ga kasashen yammaci, nasarar da Japan ta samu ya nuna bullar wani sabon ikon yankin Asiya.Tare da shan kashi na Rasha, wasu masana sun yi iƙirarin cewa yaƙin ya haifar da sauyi a tsarin duniya na duniya tare da bayyanar Japan ba kawai yanki ba, a maimakon haka, babban ikon Asiya.Maimakon yuwuwar haɗin gwiwar diflomasiyya sun kunno kai, duk da haka.Halin da Amurka da Ostiraliya suka yi game da canjin ma'auni na ikon da yakin ya kawo ya haɗu da fargabar barazanar Yellow daga ƙarshe dagaChina zuwa Japan.Wasu alkalumma na Amurka irin su WEB Du Bois da Lothrop Stoddard na ganin nasarar a matsayin kalubale ga mamayen yammacin duniya.An bayyana hakan a Ostiriya, inda Baron Christian von Ehrenfels ya fassara ƙalubalen ta fuskar launin fata da kuma al'adu, yana mai cewa "cikakkiyar wajabcin sake fasalin jima'i mai tsattsauran ra'ayi don ci gaba da kasancewar jinsin yammacin maza ... an taso daga matakin tattaunawa zuwa matakin tabbataccen hujja a kimiyance”.Don dakatar da "Hadarin Rawaya" na Jafananci yana buƙatar sauye-sauye ga al'umma da jima'i a Yamma.Tabbas nasarar Jafananci ta ƙara amincewa da kai a tsakanin masu adawa da mulkin mallaka a cikin ƙasashen Asiya waɗanda suka yi wa mulkin mallaka - Vietnamese , Indonesiya ,Indiyawa da Filipinos - da kuma waɗanda ke cikin ƙasashe masu raguwa kamar Daular Ottoman da Farisa cikin haɗarin shiga cikin gaggawa daga ikon yammacin Turai.Har ila yau, ya karfafa wa Sinawa kwarin gwiwa, wadanda, duk da cewa sun yi yaki da Japanawa shekaru goma kacal da suka wuce, har yanzu suna daukar 'yan Yamma babbar barazana.Kamar yadda Sun Yat-sen ya yi sharhi, "Mun dauki wannan kashin na Rasha da Japan ta yi a matsayin shan kashi na yamma da Gabas. Mun dauki nasarar Japan a matsayin nasararmu".Ko da a yankin Tibet mai nisa yakin ya kasance batun tattaunawa lokacin da Sven Hedin ya ziyarci Panchen Lama a watan Fabrairun 1907. Yayin da Jawaharlal Nehru, dan siyasa ne kawai a Indiya ta Birtaniya, "Nasarar da Japan ta samu ya rage jin dadin kasa da kasa daga cikinsu. mun sha wahala, an yi galaba a kan babban karfin Turawa, don haka har yanzu Asiya za ta iya doke Turai kamar yadda ta yi a baya."Kuma a cikin daular Ottoman ma, kwamitin hadin kai da ci gaba ya rungumi Japan a matsayin abin koyi.