Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu

Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya ya canza taswirar siyasar Turai sosai, tare da shan kashi na Ƙungiyoyin Tsakiyar Tsakiya—ciki har da Austria- Hungary , Jamus , Bulgaria da Daular Ottoman —da kuma kwace iko da Bolshevik a 1917 a Rasha, wanda ya kai ga kafa Tarayyar Soviet . Ƙungiyar .A halin yanzu, ƙawayen da suka ci nasara a Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya, irin su Faransa , Belgium,Italiya , Romania , da Girka , sun sami ƙasa, kuma an ƙirƙiri sababbin ƙasashe daga rugujewar Ostiriya-Hungary da Daular Ottoman da Rasha .Don hana yaƙin duniya na gaba, an ƙirƙiri Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin Ƙasa a lokacin taron zaman lafiya na Paris na 1919.Manufofin kungiyar na farko dai su ne hana tashe tashen hankula ta hanyar samar da tsaro tare da kwance damara na soja da na ruwa da kuma daidaita takaddamar kasa da kasa ta hanyar yin shawarwari cikin lumana da sasantawa.Duk da tsananin son zaman lafiya bayan Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya, ƙwaƙƙwaran kishin ƙasa da masu fafutuka sun bayyana a cikin ƙasashen Turai da dama a lokaci guda.An yi wa waɗannan ra'ayoyin musamman alama a cikin Jamus saboda gagarumin asarar yanki, mulkin mallaka, da na kuɗi da yarjejeniyar Versailles ta yi.A karkashin yarjejeniyar, Jamus ta yi asarar kusan kashi 13 cikin 100 na yankinta da kuma duk wani abu da take da shi a ketare, yayin da aka hana Jamus mamaye wasu jihohi, an kuma sanya ramuwar gayya, an kuma sanya iyaka kan girma da karfin sojojin kasar.Ƙasar Ingila da Faransa da Italiya sun kafa ƙungiyar Stresa a watan Afrilun 1935 don ɗaukar Jamus, wani muhimmin mataki na dunkulewar soja a duniya;duk da haka, a watan Yuni, Birtaniya ta kulla yarjejeniya mai zaman kanta tare da Jamus, tare da sassauta takunkumin da aka rigaya.Tarayyar Soviet, wacce ta damu da manufofin Jamus na kame yankuna masu yawa na Gabashin Turai, ta tsara yarjejeniyar taimakon juna da Faransa.Kafin fara aiki, duk da haka, an buƙaci yarjejeniyar Franco-Soviet ta shiga cikin tsarin mulki na League of Nations, wanda ya mai da shi da gaske mara haƙori.{Asar Amirka , ta damu da abubuwan da ke faruwa a Turai da Asiya, sun zartar da Dokar Ba da Shawara a watan Agusta na wannan shekarar.Hitler ya yi watsi da yarjejeniyar Versailles da Locarno ta hanyar mayar da Rhineland a cikin Maris 1936, yana fuskantar 'yan adawa saboda manufar jin dadi.A cikin Oktoba 1936, Jamus da Italiya sun kafa Axis Rome-Berlin.Bayan wata guda, Jamus daJapan sun rattaba hannu kan yerjejeniyar Anti-Comintern, wadda Italiya ta shiga cikin shekara ta gaba.A tsakiyar shekarun 1920 jam'iyyar Kuomintang (KMT) takasar Sin ta kaddamar da yakin neman hadin kan kasar Sin wajen yakar shugabannin yaki na yankin, tare da hada kan kasar Sin bisa sunan sunan kasar a tsakiyar shekarun 1920, amma ba da dadewa ba ta fada cikin yakin basasa da tsoffin abokan jam'iyyar kwaminisanci ta kasar Sin da sabbin shugabannin yakin yankin.A shekara ta 1931, daular Japan mai karfin soja, wacce ta dade tana neman tasiri a kasar Sin a matsayin mataki na farko na abin da gwamnatinta ke gani a matsayin 'yancin mallakar kasar Asiya, ta haifar da lamarin Mukden a matsayin hujja don mamaye Manchuria tare da kafa 'yar tsana. Manchukuo.Kasar Sin ta yi kira ga Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da ta dakatar da mamayar da Japan ta yi wa Manchuria.Japan ta fice daga kungiyar bayan da aka yi Allah wadai da kutsen da ta yi a Manchuria.Bayan haka, kasashen biyu sun yi yaki da dama a Shanghai, Rehe da Hebei, har zuwa lokacin da aka sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar Tanggu a shekarar 1933. Bayan haka, sojojin sa kai na kasar Sin sun ci gaba da tinkarar hare-haren Japanawa a Manchuria, da Chahar da Suiyuan.Bayan waki'ar Xi'an na shekarar 1936, dakarun Kuomintang da 'yan gurguzu sun amince da tsagaita bude wuta don ba da hadin kai don adawa da Japan .

Yakin Sino-Japan na biyu (1937-1945) rikici ne na soji da aka yi a farko tsakanin Jamhuriyar Sin da Daular Japan.Yakin ya kunshi gidan wasan kwaikwayo na kasar Sin na babban gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Pacific na yakin duniya na biyu.An fara fara yakin ne a ranar 7 ga watan Yulin shekarar 1937, lokacin da aka fara yakin gadar Marco Polo a ranar 7 ga watan Yulin shekarar 1937, lokacin da takaddama tsakanin sojojin Japan da Sinawa a birnin Peking ya rikide zuwa mamaye.Ana daukar wannan cikakken yakin tsakanin Sinawa da daularJapan a matsayin farkon yakin duniya na biyu a Asiya.Kasar Sin ta yi yaki da Japan tare da taimakon Tarayyar Soviet , Birtaniya da kuma Amurka.Bayan hare-haren da Japanawa suka kai a Malaya da Pearl Harbor a 1941, yakin ya hade da wasu rikice-rikicen da aka kasafta a karkashin wadancan rikice-rikicen yakin duniya na biyu a matsayin wani babban bangare da aka sani da gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Burma Indiya.Wasu malaman suna ganin Yaƙin Turai da Yaƙin Pasifik sun bambanta gaba ɗaya, ko da yake yaƙe-yaƙe ne.Wasu malaman suna ganin farkon yakin na biyu na Sin da Japan a 1937 ya kasance farkon yakin duniya na biyu.Yakin Sino-Japan na biyu shi ne yakin Asiya mafi girma a karni na 20.

Yarjejeniyar Molotov-Ribbentrop yarjejeniya ce ta rashin cin zali tsakanin Jamus na Nazi da Tarayyar Soviet wanda ya ba wa waɗannan iko biyu damar raba Poland a tsakaninsu.Ministan harkokin wajen Jamus Joachim von Ribbentrop da ministan harkokin wajen Tarayyar Soviet Vyacheslav Molotov ne suka rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar a birnin Moscow a ranar 23 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1939, kuma a hukumance an san ta da yarjejeniyar rashin cin zarafi tsakanin Jamus da Tarayyar Soviet Socialist Republics.Sharuɗɗan sun ba da tabbacin tabbatar da zaman lafiya a rubuce daga kowane bangare ga ɗayan da kuma alƙawarin da ya bayyana cewa babu wata gwamnati da za ta yi tarayya da kanta ko kuma ta taimaka wa abokin gaba.Baya ga sharuɗɗan da aka bayyana a bainar jama'a na rashin cin zarafi, yarjejeniyar ta haɗa da yarjejeniyar sirri, wadda ta bayyana iyakokin Soviet da Jamusanci masu tasiri a duk fadin Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia da Finland.Yarjejeniya ta sirri ta kuma amince da sha'awar Lithuania a yankin Vilnius, kuma Jamus ta bayyana rashin sha'awarta a Bessarabia.An tabbatar da jita-jitar kasancewar Yarjejeniyar Sirrin ne kawai lokacin da aka bayyana ta a fili yayin gwajin Nuremberg.

Yunkurin mamaye kasar Poland wani hari ne da Jamus ta Nazi da Tarayyar Soviet suka yi wa Jamhuriyar Poland wanda ya zama farkon yakin duniya na biyu.An fara mamayewar Jamus ne a ranar 1 ga Satumbar 1939, mako guda bayan rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar Molotov-Ribbentrop tsakanin Jamus da Tarayyar Soviet, kuma kwana daya bayan da babbar Tarayyar Soviet ta Tarayyar Soviet ta amince da yarjejeniyar.Soviets sun mamaye Poland a ranar 17 ga Satumba.Yaƙin neman zaɓe ya ƙare a ranar 6 ga Oktoba tare da Jamus da Tarayyar Soviet suka raba tare da mamaye ƙasar Poland gaba ɗaya a ƙarƙashin yarjejeniyar Jamus-Soviet Frontier.Dakarun Jamus sun mamaye Poland daga arewa, kudu da yamma da safe bayan lamarin Gleiwitz.Sojojin Slovakia sun yi taho-mu-gama tare da Jamusawa a arewacin Slovakia.Yayin da Wehrmacht ya ci gaba, sojojin Poland sun janye daga sansanoninsu na gaba da ke kusa da iyakar Jamus da Poland zuwa ƙarin kafaffen hanyoyin tsaro a gabas.Bayan shan kashin da Poland ta yi a tsakiyar watan Satumba a yakin Bzura, Jamusawa sun sami wata fa'ida da ba za a iya mantawa da su ba.Dakarun Poland sun janye zuwa kudu maso gabas inda suka shirya tsaf domin kare gadar Romaniya tare da jiran tallafi da taimako daga Faransa da Birtaniya .A ranar 3 ga Satumba, bisa yarjejeniyar kawance da Poland, Birtaniya da Faransa sun shelanta yaki kan Jamus;a karshe taimakon da suke baiwa kasar Poland ya takaita sosai.

Yaƙin Tekun Atlantika, yaƙin neman zaɓe na soja mafi dadewa a yakin duniya na biyu, ya gudana ne daga 1939 zuwa fatattakar Nazi Jamus a shekara ta 1945, wanda ya ƙunshi wani babban ɓangaren tarihin sojojin ruwa na yakin duniya na biyu.A jigon sa shi ne katange sojojin ruwa na kawancen Jamus, wanda aka sanar washegarin bayan ayyana yaki, da kuma katangar da Jamus ta yi a baya.Yaƙin neman zaɓe ya kai kololuwa daga tsakiyar 1940 zuwa ƙarshen 1943.Yaƙin Tekun Atlantika ya haɗu da jiragen ruwa na U-kwale-kwale da sauran jiragen ruwa na Kriegsmarine na Jamus (Navy) da jirgin saman Luftwaffe (Air Force) a kan Royal Navy, Royal Canadian Navy, Navy na Amurka , da jigilar kayayyaki na Allied.Manyan ayarin motocin da ke zuwa daga Arewacin Amurka kuma galibi ke zuwa Burtaniya da Tarayyar Soviet , sojojin ruwa na Burtaniya da Kanada da na sama sun ba da kariya ga galibin ayarin motocin.Jiragen ruwa da jiragen saman Amurka ne suka taimaka wa wadannan sojojin tun daga ranar 13 ga Satumba, 1941. Sojojin ruwa na karkashin ruwa na Regia Marina (Royal Navy) na Italiya sun hade da Jamusawa bayan da kawancen Axis Italiya Italiya ta shiga yakin ranar 10 ga Yuni, 1940.

Yakin Phoney ya kasance tsawon watanni takwas a farkon yakin duniya na biyu, a lokacin da aka samu iyakacin aikin sojan kasa daya kacal a Yammacin Gabar, lokacin da sojojin Faransa suka mamaye gundumar Saar ta Jamus.Jamus ta Nazi ta kai wa Poland hari a ranar 1 ga Satumban 1939;zamanin Phoney ya fara ne da shelanta yaki da Ingila da Faransa suka yi da Jamus na Nazi a ranar 3 ga Satumbar 1939, bayan haka an samu yakin da aka yi kadan, kuma ya kare da mamayar da Jamus ta yi wa Faransa da Kasashe a ranar 10 ga Mayu 1940. Duk da cewa akwai babu wani gagarumin mataki na soji da Birtaniya da Faransa suka dauka, sun fara wani yakin tattalin arziki, musamman ma tare da killace jiragen ruwa, tare da rufe mahara daga saman Jamus.Sun ƙirƙiro dalla-dalla da tsare-tsare don ayyuka masu yawa da aka tsara don gurgunta ƙoƙarin yaƙin Jamus.Wadannan sun hada da bude fagen Anglo-Faransa a yankin Balkan, da mamaye kasar Norway don karbe iko da babbar cibiyar samar da ma'adinan ƙarfe na Jamus da kuma yajin aikin Tarayyar Soviet , don katse samar da mai ga Jamus.A watan Afrilun 1940, an yi la'akari da aiwatar da shirin na Norway bai isa ba don dakatar da harin Jamus.

Yaƙin hunturu, wanda kuma aka sani da yaƙin Soviet-Finish na farko, yaƙi ne tsakanin Tarayyar Soviet da Finland.Yakin ya fara ne da mamayar Soviet a kasar Finland a ranar 30 ga Nuwamba 1939, watanni uku bayan barkewar yakin duniya na biyu, kuma ya kare bayan watanni uku da rabi tare da yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya ta Moscow a ranar 13 ga Maris 1940. Duk da karfin soja musamman a cikin tankokin yaki. da kuma jiragen sama, Tarayyar Soviet ta sha asara mai tsanani kuma da farko ta yi kadan.Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta dauki harin da ya sabawa doka kuma ta kori Tarayyar Soviet daga kungiyar.

Kamfen na Yaren mutanen Norway (8 Afrilu – 10 ga Yuni 1940) ya bayyana ƙoƙarin Ƙungiyoyin Ƙwaƙwalwa na kare arewacin Norway tare da tsayin daka na sojojin Norway ga mamaye ƙasar da Nazi Jamus suka yi a yakin duniya na biyu.An tsara shi azaman Operation Wilfred da Shirin R 4, yayin da ake fargabar harin Jamus amma bai faru ba, HMS Renown ya tashi daga Scapa Flow zuwa Vestfjorden tare da masu hallaka goma sha biyu a ranar 4 ga Afrilu.Sojojin ruwa na Burtaniya da na Jamus sun hadu a yakin Narvik na farko a ranakun 9 da 10 ga Afrilu, kuma sojojin Burtaniya na farko sun sauka a Åndalsnes a ranar 13 ga wata.Babban dalilin da ya sa Jamus ta mamaye Norway shine ta kwace tashar jiragen ruwa na Narvik tare da ba da tabbacin ma'adinin ƙarfe da ake buƙata don samar da ƙarfe mai mahimmanci.An gwabza yakin har zuwa 10 ga Yuni 1940 kuma an ga yadda Sarki Haakon na VII da magajinsa mai jiran gado Olav suka tsere zuwa Burtaniya.Sojojin Biritaniya, Faransanci da Poland na dakaru 38,000, kwanaki da yawa a ciki, sun sauka a arewa.Ya samu matsakaicin nasara, amma ya yi saurin ja da baya bayan da Jamus ta mamaye Faransa a watan Mayu.Daga nan sai gwamnatin Norway ta nemi gudun hijira a Landan.Yaƙin neman zaɓe ya ƙare tare da mamaye ƙasar Norway gaba ɗaya da Jamus ta yi, amma sojojin Norway da ke gudun hijira sun tsere suka yi yaƙi daga ketare.

Harin da Jamus ta yi wa Denmark, wani lokaci ana kiranta da yaƙin sa'o'i shida saboda ɗan gajeren tsayi, shi ne harin da Jamus ta kai Denmark a ranar 9 ga Afrilu 1940, lokacin yakin duniya na biyu.Harin dai wani share fage ne na mamaye kasar Norway.Tsawon kusan sa'o'i shida, yaƙin neman zaɓe na ƙasar Jamus akan Denmark na ɗaya daga cikin mafi kankantar ayyukan soji na yakin duniya na biyu.

Mamaya na Belgium ko yaƙin Belgian (10-28 May 1940), wanda galibi ake magana a cikin Belgium azaman Yaƙin Kwanaki 18, ya zama wani ɓangare na babban Yaƙin Faransa, yaƙin neman zaɓe na Jamus a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na biyu.An yi sama da kwanaki 18 a watan Mayun 1940 kuma ya ƙare tare da mamayar da Jamus ta yi wa Belgium bayan mika wuya ga sojojin Belgian.A ranar 10 ga Mayu 1940, Jamus ta mamaye Luxembourg, Netherlands , da Belgium a ƙarƙashin shirin Fall Gelb (Case Yellow).Dakarun kawancen sun yi yunkurin dakatar da sojojin Jamus a Beljiyam, inda suka yi imani da cewa shi ne babban burin Jamus.Bayan da Faransawa suka yi cikakken sadaukar da mafi kyawun sojojin kawance zuwa Belgium tsakanin 10 zuwa 12 ga Mayu, Jamusawa sun kafa kashi na biyu na aikinsu, yanke ta hanyar, ko yanke sikila, ta cikin Ardennes, kuma suka ci gaba zuwa tashar Turanci.Sojojin Jamus (Heer) sun isa tashar bayan kwanaki biyar, suna kewaye da sojojin kawance.A hankali Jamusawan sun rage aljihun sojojin kawancen da suka tilasta musu komawa cikin teku.Sojojin Belgium sun mika wuya a ranar 28 ga Mayu 1940, inda suka kawo karshen yakin.Yakin Belgium ya hada da yakin farko na yakin, yakin Hannut.Wannan dai shi ne yakin tankokin yaki mafi girma a tarihi a lokacin amma daga baya yakin yakin Arewacin Afirka da na Gabas ya zarce.Har ila yau yakin ya hada da yakin Fort Eben-Emael, aiki na farko da aka yi amfani da shi ta jirgin sama ta hanyar amfani da mayakan sa kai.

Yunkurin da Jamus ta yi wa Netherlands wani yanki ne na yaƙin neman zaɓe na soja na Case Yellow, mamayewar Jamus na Ƙasashen Ƙasashe (Belgium, Luxembourg, da Netherlands) da Faransa a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu.Yaƙin ya ci gaba daga 10 ga Mayu 1940 har zuwa mika wuya na manyan sojojin Holland a ranar 14 ga Mayu.Sojojin Holland a lardin Ziland sun ci gaba da yin tir da Wehrmacht har zuwa ranar 17 ga watan Mayu lokacin da Jamus ta kammala mamayar kasar baki daya.Mamaya na Netherlands ya ga wasu daga cikin farar hula na farar hula, don mamaye wuraren dabarun da taimakawa ci gaban sojojin ƙasa.Dakarun Luftwaffe na Jamus sun yi amfani da dakarun soji wajen kame filayen saukar jiragen sama da dama a kusa da Rotterdam da Hague, inda suka taimaka wajen mamaye kasar cikin gaggawa tare da hana dakarun kasar Holand.Bayan mummunan harin bam da Luftwaffe ya kai a Rotterdam a ranar 14 ga Mayu, Jamusawa sun yi barazanar jefa bama-bamai a wasu garuruwan Holland idan sojojin Holland suka ki mika wuya.Babban Hafsan Sojojin ya san ba zai iya dakatar da masu tayar da bama-bamai kuma ya umarci Sojojin Holland su daina tashin hankali.An 'yantar da sassan Netherlands na ƙarshe da aka mamaye a cikin 1945.

Yakin Faransa shi ne mamayewar da Jamus ta yi wa Faransa, Belgium, Luxembourg da Netherlands a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu.A ranar 3 ga Satumban 1939, Faransa ta ayyana yaki a kan Jamus bayan mamayewar Jamus a Poland .A farkon Satumba 1939, Faransa ta fara iyakacin Saar Offensive kuma a tsakiyar Oktoba ta janye zuwa layin farko.Sojojin Jamus sun mamaye Belgium, Luxembourg da Netherlands a ranar 10 ga Mayu 1940.Italiya ta shiga yakin a ranar 10 ga Yuni 1940 kuma ta yi yunkurin mamaye Faransa.An ci Faransa da Ƙasashe Ƙasashe, wanda ya kawo ƙarshen ayyukan ƙasa a Gabashin Yamma har zuwa lokacin saukar Normandy a ranar 6 ga Yuni 1944.Sojojin Jamus sun fara Fall Rot ("Case Red") a ranar 5 ga Yuni 1940. Ƙungiyoyin sittin da suka rage na Faransanci da na Birtaniya biyu a Faransa sun yi tsayin daka akan Somme da Aisne amma haɗin gwiwar Jamus na fifikon iska da motsi masu sulke sun ci nasara. .Sojojin Jamus sun zarce layin Maginot kuma sun yi zurfi cikin Faransa, suna mamayeParis ba tare da hamayya ba a ranar 14 ga Yuni.Bayan tafiyar gwamnatin Faransa da rugujewar sojojin Faransa, kwamandojin na Jamus sun gana da jami'an Faransa a ranar 18 ga watan Yuni domin tattaunawa don kawo karshen fadan.A ranar 22 ga Yuni 1940, Faransa da Jamus suka rattaba hannu kan Rundunar Soja ta Biyu a Compiègne.Gwamnatin Vichy mai tsaka-tsaki karkashin jagorancin Marshal Philippe Pétain ta maye gurbin Jamhuriyya ta Uku kuma sojojin Jamus sun fara mamaye Tekun Arewa da Tekun Atlantika da kuma yankunansu.

Ficewar Dunkirk, mai suna Operation Dynamo kuma aka fi sani da Miracle of Dunkirk, ko kuma kawai Dunkirk, ita ce korar sojojin kawance a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu daga rairayin bakin teku da tashar jiragen ruwa na Dunkirk, a arewacin Faransa, tsakanin 26 ga Mayu zuwa 4. Yuni 1940. An fara aikin ne bayan da aka katse dakaru masu yawa na Belgian, Birtaniya da Faransa tare da kewaye da sojojin Jamus a lokacin yakin Faransa na mako shida.A wani jawabi da ya yi a zauren majalisar, Firayim Ministan Burtaniya Winston Churchill ya kira wannan "babban bala'i na soji", yana mai cewa "duk tushen da jigon da kwakwalwar sojojin Burtaniya" sun makale a Dunkirk kuma da alama za su halaka ko kuma a kama su. .A cikin jawabinsa na "Za mu yi yaƙi a kan rairayin bakin teku" a ranar 4 ga Yuni, ya yaba da ceton su a matsayin "mu'ujiza na ceto".

Mamayewar Italiya na Faransa (10-25 Yuni 1940), wanda kuma ake kira Yaƙin Alps, shi ne babban yaƙin Italiya na farko na Yaƙin Duniya na II kuma na ƙarshe na yaƙin Faransa.Shigar da Italiyanci cikin yaƙi ya faɗaɗa ƙarfinsa sosai a Afirka da Tekun Bahar Rum.Burin shugaban Italiya, Benito Mussolini, shi ne kawar da mamayar Anglo-Faransa a tekun Bahar Rum, da sake dawo da yankin Italiya na tarihi (Italia irredenta) da fadada tasirin Italiya a kan Balkans da Afirka.Faransa da Birtaniya sun yi ƙoƙari a cikin 1930s don janye Mussolini daga kawance da Jamus amma nasarar da Jamus ta samu daga 1938 zuwa 1940 ya sa Italiya ta shiga cikin Jamus a watan Mayu 1940.Italiya ta shelanta yaki kan Faransa da Birtaniya a yammacin ranar 10 ga watan Yuni, wanda zai fara aiki bayan tsakar dare.

Jami'an Nazi Jamus da Jamhuriyar Faransa ta Uku sun rattaba hannu kan Armistice na 22 Yuni 1940 a 18:36 kusa da Compiègne, Faransa.Bai fara aiki ba sai bayan tsakar daren ranar 25 ga watan Yuni.Wadanda suka rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar Jamus sun hada da Wilhelm Keitel, babban hafsan soji na Wehrmacht (Rundunar Sojin Jamus), yayin da wadanda ke bangaren Faransa ke rike da mukamai da suka hada da Janar Charles Huntziger.Bayan gagarumin nasarar da Jamus ta samu a yakin Faransa (10 ga Mayu - 21 ga Yuni 1940) a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, wannan runduna ta kafa yankin mamaya na Jamus a Arewacin Faransa da yammacin Faransa wanda ya ƙunshi dukkanin tashar Turanci da tashar jiragen ruwa na Atlantic Ocean kuma ya bar sauran "kyauta. "Faransa za ta yi mulki.Adolf Hitler da gangan ya zaɓi dajin Compiègne a matsayin wurin da zai rattaba hannu a kan sansanin saboda rawar da ya taka a matsayin wurin da aka yi yaƙi da Jamus a shekara ta 1918 wanda ya nuna ƙarshen yakin duniya na ɗaya tare da mika wuya ga Jamus.

Yaƙin Biritaniya yaƙin neman zaɓe ne na yaƙin duniya na biyu, inda sojojin sama na Royal Air Force (RAF) da Fleet Air Arm (FAA) na Royal Navy suka kare Ingila daga manyan hare-hare daga sojojin saman Nazi na Jamus. Luftwaffe.An bayyana shi a matsayin babban yaƙin neman zaɓe na farko da sojojin sama suka yi gaba ɗaya.Babban makasudin sojojin Jamus shi ne tilastawa Biritaniya ta amince da yarjejeniyar sulhu.A cikin watan Yulin 1940, an fara katange iska da teku, inda Luftwaffe ya fi kaiwa ayarin motocin jigilar kayayyaki a bakin teku, da tashoshin jiragen ruwa da cibiyoyin jigilar kayayyaki kamar Portsmouth.A ranar 1 ga Agusta, an umurci Luftwaffe don samun fifikon iska akan RAF, tare da manufar hana RAF Fighter Command;Kwanaki 12 bayan haka, ta mayar da hare-haren zuwa filayen jiragen sama na RAF da kayayyakin more rayuwa.Yayin da ake ci gaba da gwabzawa, Luftwaffe ya kuma kai hari kan masana'antun da ke samar da jiragen sama da dabarun samar da ababen more rayuwa.A ƙarshe, ta yi amfani da ta'addanci ta'addanci a yankunan da ke da mahimmancin siyasa da kuma kan fararen hula.

Yarjejeniyar Tripartite, wacce aka fi sani da yarjejeniyar Berlin, yarjejeniya ce tsakanin Jamus ,Italiya , daJapan da aka sanya hannu a Berlin a ranar 27 ga Satumba 1940, bi da bi, Joachim von Ribbentrop, Galeazzo Ciano da Saburō Kurusu.Ƙungiya ce ta soja ta tsaro wanda Hungary (20 Nuwamba 1940), Romania (23 Nuwamba 1940), Bulgaria (1 Maris 1941) da Yugoslavia (25 Maris 1941) da kuma Slovakia na Jamus (24). Nuwamba 1940).Shigar Yugoslavia ya haifar da juyin mulki a Belgrade bayan kwanaki biyu.Jamus, Italiya da Hungary sun mayar da martani ta hanyar mamaye Yugoslavia.Sakamakon Italo-Jamus jihar abokin ciniki, wanda aka sani da Independent State of Croatia, ya shiga yarjejeniyar a ranar 15 ga Yuni 1941.Yarjejeniyar Tripartite an jagoranci ta ne da farko a Amurka .Tasirinsa ya iyakance tunda gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Italo-Jamus da Jafananci sun kasance a ɓangarorin duniya daban-daban, kuma manyan ikon kwangila suna da ra'ayi daban-daban.Don haka Axis ya kasance kawai saƙon kawance.Ba a taɓa yin amfani da sharuddan kariya ba, kuma sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar bai wajabta wa waɗanda suka rattaba hannu kan yaƙin na gama gari ba.

Yaƙin Balkan na Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu ya fara ne da mamayar ƙasar Italiya a ƙasar Girka a ranar 28 ga Oktoban 1940. A farkon watannin 1941, farmakin Italiya ya tsaya cik, an kuma kai farmakin yaƙin Girka zuwa Albaniya.Jamus ta nemi taimakon Italiya ta hanyar tura sojoji zuwa Romania da Bulgaria tare da kai wa Girka hari daga gabas.A halin da ake ciki kuma, Burtaniya ta yi saukar da sojoji da jiragen sama domin su kai ga tsaron kasar Girka.Juyin mulkin da aka yi a Yugoslavia a ranar 27 ga Maris ya sa Adolf Hitler ya ba da umarnin mamaye kasar.Yugoslavia da Jamus daItaliya suka fara a ranar 6 ga Afrilu 1941, a lokaci guda tare da sabon yakin Girka;a ranar 11 ga Afrilu, Hungary ta shiga cikin mamayewa.A ranar 17 ga Afrilu, Yugoslavs sun rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya, kuma a ranar 30 ga Afrilu duk babban yankin Girka na karkashin ikon Jamus ko Italiya.A ranar 20 ga Mayu Jamus ta mamaye Crete ta sama, kuma a ranar 1 ga watan Yuni dukkan sojojin Girka da na Biritaniya da suka rage a tsibirin sun mika wuya.Ko da yake ba ta shiga cikin hare-haren da aka kai a watan Afrilu ba, Bulgaria ta mamaye sassan biyu na Yugoslavia da Girka jim kadan bayan haka don sauran yakin da ake yi a yankin Balkan.

An kafa Afrika Korps a ranar 11 ga Janairun 1941 kuma daya daga cikin manyan hafsoshin Hitler, Erwin Rommel, an nada shi a matsayin kwamanda a ranar 11 ga Fabrairu.Asalin Hans von Funck shine ya umarce shi, amma Hitler ya kyamaci von Funck, saboda ya kasance babban jami'in Werner von Fritsch har zuwa lokacin da aka kori von Fritsch a 1938.Babban Kwamandan Sojojin Jamus (Oberkommando der Wehrmacht, OKW) ya yanke shawarar aika "dakaru masu toshewa" zuwa Libya Italiya don tallafawa sojojin Italiya.Rundunar Sojan Hamada ta Yamma ta Burtaniya ta fatattaki Sojojin Italiya na 10 a cikin Operation Compass (9 Disamba 1940 - 9 ga Fabrairu 1941) kuma sun kama a yakin Beda Fomm.

Yunkurin mamayar da Jamus ta yi wa Girka shi ne harin da ƙasar Girka ta ƙawance daItaliya na Fashist da Jamus na Nazi suka yi a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu.Harin Italiya a watan Oktoban 1940, wanda aka fi sani da yakin Greco-Italian, ya biyo bayan mamayar Jamus a watan Afrilun 1941. Harin da Jamus ta yi a tsibirin Crete (Mayu 1941) ya zo ne bayan an ci nasara kan sojojin kawance a yankin Girka.Waɗannan yaƙe-yaƙe sun kasance wani ɓangare na Babban Yaƙin Balkan na ikon Axis da abokansu.Bayan mamayar Italiya a ranar 28 ga Oktoba 1940, Girka, tare da tallafin iska da na Biritaniya, ta kori harin Italiya na farko da wani hari a cikin Maris 1941. Lokacin da Jamusanci, wanda aka sani da Operation Marita, ya fara a ranar 6 ga Afrilu, yawancin Sojojin Girka suna kan iyakar Girka da Albaniya, a lokacin kuma 'yar kasar Italiya ce, inda sojojin Italiya suka kai hari.Sojojin Jamus sun mamaye Bulgaria , suna haifar da gaba na biyu.Girka ta sami ƙaramin ƙarfafa daga sojojin Burtaniya , Ostiraliya da New Zealand a cikin tsammanin harin Jamus.Sojojin Girka sun sami kansu da yawa a kokarin da suke yi na kare sojojin Italiya da na Jamus.Sakamakon haka, layin tsaron na Metaxas bai samu isassun sojojin da suka taimaka ba, kuma nan da nan Jamusawa suka mamaye su, inda suka yi waje da sojojin Girka a kan iyakar Albaniya, lamarin da ya tilasta musu mika wuya.Dakarun Burtaniya da Australia da New Zealand sun cika shakuwa tare da tilasta musu ja da baya, tare da babban burin ficewa.Kwanaki da yawa, sojojin haɗin gwiwa sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen samar da ci gaban Jamus a kan matsayi na Thermopylae, yana ba da damar jiragen ruwa su shirya don kwashe sassan da ke kare Girka.Sojojin Jamus sun isa Athens babban birnin kasar a ranar 27 ga watan Afrilu da kuma gabar kudancin kasar Girka a ranar 30 ga watan Afrilu, inda suka kame jami'an Birtaniya 7,000 da Australia da New Zealand tare da kawo karshen yakin da gagarumin nasara.An kamalla mamaye ƙasar Girka tare da kama Crete bayan wata guda.Bayan faduwarta, sojojin Jamus, Italiya da Bulgaria sun mamaye Girka.

Operation Barbarossa shi ne mamayewar Tarayyar Soviet ta Jamus na Nazi da da yawa daga cikin kawayenta na Axis, wanda ya fara ranar Lahadi, 22 ga Yuni 1941, lokacin yakin duniya na biyu.Aikin, mai suna Frederick Barbarossa ("janye gemu"), sarkin Roma mai tsarki na karni na 12 kuma sarkin Jamus, ya aiwatar da manufar akidar Nazi ta Jamus na cin galaba a Tarayyar Soviet don sake mamaye shi da Jamusawa.Babban shirin na Jamus Ost ya yi niyyar yin amfani da wasu mutanen da aka ci a matsayin aikin tilastawa aikin yaƙin Axis yayin da ake samun rijiyoyin mai na yankin Caucasus da kuma albarkatun noma na wasu yankuna na Soviet.Babban burinsu shine samar da ƙarin Lebensraum (sararin rayuwa) ga Jamus, da kuma kawar da al'ummar Slavic na asali ta hanyar korar jama'a zuwa Siberiya, Jamusanci, bautar, da kisan kare dangi.

Harin da aka kai kan Pearl Harbor wani harin ba-zata ne na Sojoji da Rundunar Sojin Ruwa ta Jafan ta Imperial ta kai kan Amurka a kan sansanin sojojin ruwa da ke Pearl Harbor a Honolulu, yankin Hawaii, daf da karfe 8:00 na safe, ranar Lahadi 7 ga Disamba, 1941. Amurka kasa ce mai tsaka tsaki a lokacin;harin ya kai ga shiga yakin duniya na biyu washegari.Rundunar sojan Japan ta kira harin a matsayin Operation and Operation AI, da kuma Operation Z a lokacin shirinta.Japan ta yi niyyar kai harin a matsayin matakin rigakafi.Manufarta ita ce ta hana jirgin ruwa na Pacific Fleet na Amurka tsoma baki tare da shirinta na soji a kudu maso gabashin Asiya a kan yankunan ketare na Burtaniya , Netherlands , da na Amurka.A cikin tsawon sa'o'i bakwai an kai hare-hare tare da hadin gwiwar Japan a kan Philippines , Guam, da Wake Island da ke hannun Amurka da kuma daular Burtaniya a Malaya , Singapore , da Hong Kong.Harin ya fara ne da karfe 7:48 na safe agogon Hawaii (6:18 na yamma agogon GMT).Jiragen saman Japan na Imperial 353 ne suka kai wa sansanin hari (da suka hada da mayaka, masu kai hare-hare da bama-bamai, da masu tayar da kayar baya) a cikin raƙuman ruwa guda biyu, waɗanda aka harba daga wasu jiragen ruwa guda shida.Daga cikin jiragen yakin sojojin ruwan Amurka takwas da ke wurin, dukkansu sun lalace, inda hudu suka nutse.Duk sai dai USS Arizona an tashi daga baya, kuma shida aka mayar da su hidima kuma suka ci gaba da yaki a yakin.

Yaƙin Malayan yaƙin neman zaɓe ne na soji da sojojin Allied da Axis suka yi a Malaya, daga 8 ga Disamba 1941 - 15 ga Fabrairu 1942 a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu.An mamaye ta ne da fadace-fadacen kasa tsakanin rundunonin sojojin Commonwealth na Biritaniya da SojojinJapan na Imperial, tare da ‘yan tada kayar baya a farkon yakin tsakanin Commonwealth na Burtaniya da ‘yan sandan Royal Thai .Jafanawa sun sami karfin sama da na ruwa tun daga lokacin bude yakin.Ga sojojin Burtaniya,Indiyawa , Ostiraliya, da Malayan da ke kare mulkin mallaka, yaƙin neman zaɓe ya zama bala'i.Aikin ya yi fice ga Japanawa na yin amfani da sojojin sa kai na kekuna, wanda ya baiwa sojoji damar ɗaukar ƙarin kayan aiki da kuma tafiya cikin sauri ta cikin ƙasa mai kauri.Injiniyoyi na Sarauta, masu sanye da tuhume-tuhumen rugujewa, sun lalata gadoji sama da dari a lokacin ja da baya, duk da haka wannan bai yi wani jinkiri ga Japanawa ba.A lokacin da Jafanawa suka kama Singapore , sun yi asarar rayuka 9,657;Asarar kawancen ya kai 145,703, ciki har da 15,703 wadanda aka kashe da kuma 130,000 da aka kama.

A ranar 8 ga Disamba, 1941, Majalisar Dokokin Amurka ta ayyana yaki a kan DaularJapan don mayar da martani ga harin ba-zata da kasar ta kai kan Pearl Harbor da ayyana yaki a ranar da ta gabata.An ƙirƙira ta sa'a guda bayan Jawabin Ba'a na Shugaba Franklin D. Roosevelt.Bayan sanarwar da Amurka ta yi, kawayen Japan, Jamus da Italiya, sun shelanta yaki kan Amurka, lamarin da ya kai Amurka ga yakin duniya na biyu.

Yakin na Burma ya kasance jerin fadace-fadacen da aka yi a kasar Burma ta Birtaniyya.Wani bangare ne na gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Kudu-maso-Gabas na Asiya na yakin duniya na biyu kuma da farko ya hada da sojojin kawance;Daular Biritaniya da JamhuriyarSin , tare da taimakon Amurka .Sun fuskanci sojojin mamaya na Imperial Japan, wadanda ke samun goyon bayan sojojin Thai Phayap, da kuma ƙungiyoyin 'yan cin gashin kai guda biyu da dakaru, na farko shi ne sojojin 'yancin kai na Burma, wadanda suka jagoranci hare-haren farko a kan kasar.An kafa jihohin 'yan tsana a yankunan da aka mamaye kuma aka hade yankuna, yayin da rundunar kawance ta kasa da kasa a Burtaniya ta Indiya ta kaddamar da hare-hare da dama.A lokacin farmakin da aka kai a shekarar 1944 zuwaIndiya daga baya kuma sojojin kawancen sun kwato Burma sojojin kasa na Indiya, karkashin jagorancin dan juyin juya hali Subhas C. Bose da "Indiya 'Yanci", su ma suna fada tare da Japan.Sojojin Daular Burtaniya sun kai kusan 1,000,000 na kasa da na sama, kuma an zana su ne daga Indiya ta Burtaniya, tare da sojojin Burtaniya (daidai da rukunin sojoji takwas na yau da kullun da rundunonin tanka shida), sojojin 100,000 na Gabas da Yammacin Afirka, da ƙananan lambobi na ƙasa. da sojojin sama daga wasu Sarakuna da Mallaka da dama.

Faɗuwar Singapore , wanda kuma aka fi sani da Yaƙin Singapore, ya faru ne a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Kudu-maso Gabashin Asiya na Yaƙin Pacific.DaularJapan ta kwace tungar Birtaniyya ta Singapore, inda aka gwabza fada tsakanin 8 zuwa 15 ga Fabrairun 1942. Singapur ita ce cibiyar sojan Burtaniya ta farko da tashar tattalin arziki a Kudu-maso-Gabashin Asiya kuma ta kasance muhimmiyar mahimmanci ga dabarun tsaro na Burtaniya.Kame Singapore ya haifar da mika kai ga Birtaniya mafi girma a tarihinta.Kafin yakin, Janar Tomoyuki Yamashita na Japan ya ci gaba tare da kimanin mutane 30,000 a cikin Malayan Peninsula a yakin Malayan.Baturen sun yi kuskuren la'akarin dajin da ba za a iya wucewa ba, wanda hakan ya haifar da ci gaba cikin sauri na Jafanawa yayin da dakarun kawance suka fice daga cikin gaggawa.Laftanar-Janar na Biritaniya, Arthur Percival, ya umurci sojojin kawance 85,000 a Singapore, kodayake yawancin rukunin ba su da ƙarfi kuma yawancin rukunin ba su da gogewa.Turawan Ingila sun fi Jafanawa yawa amma yawancin ruwan tsibirin an samo su ne daga tafkunan ruwa da ke babban yankin.Turawan Ingila sun lalata hanyar, inda suka tilastawa Jafanawa shiga wata hanyar da ba ta dace ba ta mashigin Johore.An dauki Singapore da muhimmanci sosai har Firayim Minista Winston Churchill ya umarci Percival ya yi yaƙi da mutum na ƙarshe.

Yakin tekun Coral, daga 4 zuwa 8 ga Mayu 1942, wani babban yakin ruwa ne tsakanin sojojin ruwan Japan na Imperial (IJN) da sojojin ruwa da na sama na Amurka da Ostiraliya.Da yake faruwa a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Pacific na yakin duniya na biyu, yakin yana da mahimmanci a tarihi a matsayin aikin farko wanda jiragen ruwa masu adawa da juna ba su gani ba kuma ba su harbe juna ba, suna kai farmaki a sararin sama tare da masu jigilar jiragen sama a maimakon haka.Duk da cewa yakin ya kasance nasara ta dabara ga Japanawa ta fuskar jiragen ruwa da suka nutse, an bayyana shi a matsayin wata dabarar nasara ga kawancen.Yaƙin dai ya kasance karo na farko tun farkon yaƙin da aka mayar da wani gagarumin ci gaba na ƙasar Japan.

Yakin Midway babban yakin ruwa ne a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Pacific na yakin duniya na biyu wanda ya gudana a tsakanin 4-7 Yuni 1942, watanni shida bayan harin Japan a kan Pearl Harbor da wata guda bayan yakin Coral Sea.Sojojin ruwa na Amurka karkashin Admirals Chester W. Nimitz, Frank J. Fletcher, da Raymond A. Spruance sun yi galaba a kan wani jirgin ruwan sojan ruwan Japan na Imperial karkashin Admirals Isoroku Yamamoto, Chūichi Nagumo, da Nobutake Kondo a arewacin Midway Atoll, inda suka yi mummunar barna a kan jirgin. Jirgin ruwa na Japan.Masanin tarihin soja John Keegan ya kira shi "mafi ban mamaki da yanke hukunci a tarihin yakin ruwa", yayin da masanin tarihin ruwa Craig Symonds ya kira shi "daya daga cikin ayyukan sojan ruwa mafi mahimmanci a tarihin duniya, matsayi tare da Salamis, Trafalgar, da Tsushima Strait. a matsayin duka masu yanke hukunci da dabara da tasiri”.Lallaba masu jigilar jiragen sama na Amurka cikin tarko da mamaye Midway wani bangare ne na dabarun "shamaki" gaba daya don fadada kewayen tsaron Japan, a matsayin martani ga harin da jirgin Doolittle ya kai a Tokyo.An kuma ɗauki wannan aikin a matsayin shiri don ƙarin hare-hare a kan Fiji, Samoa, da Hawaii kanta.An lalata shirin ta hanyar kuskuren zato na Jafananci game da martanin Amurka da rashin kyakkyawan tunani na farko.Mafi mahimmanci, masu rubutun bayanan Amurka sun iya tantance kwanan wata da wurin da aka shirya kai harin, wanda ya baiwa sojojin ruwan Amurka da aka riga aka yi gargadin shirya nasu kwanton bauna.Jiragen saman Japan guda hudu da na Amurka uku ne suka halarci yakin.Jiragen ruwa na Jafanawa guda huɗu—Akagi, Kaga, Sōryū, da Hiryū, wani ɓangare na runduna shida da suka kai hari Pearl Harbor watanni shida da suka shige—sun nutse, haka kuma jirgin ruwa mai nauyi Mikuma.Amurka ta yi asarar jirgin Yorktown da mai halaka Hammann, yayin da dillalan USS Enterprise da USS Hornet suka tsira daga yakin.Bayan Midway da gajiyawar yakin neman zaben Solomon Islands, karfin Japan don maye gurbin asarar da ta yi a cikin kayan aiki (musamman masu jigilar jiragen sama) da maza (musamman ma matukan jirgi da masu kula da masu kula da su) cikin hanzari ya zama rashin isa don jimre wa asarar rayuka, yayin da Amurka 'Babban ƙarfin masana'antu da horo sun sa asara cikin sauƙi don maye gurbinsu.Yaƙin Midway, tare da yaƙin neman zaɓe na Guadalcanal, ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin juyi a yakin Pacific.

Yaƙin Stalingrad (23 ga Agusta 1942 – 2 ga Fabrairu 1943) wani babban yaƙi ne a Gabashin Gabashin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu inda Jamus na Nazi da ƙawayenta suka yi rashin nasara a yaƙi da Tarayyar Soviet don iko da birnin Stalingrad (daga baya aka sake masa suna Volgograd) Kudancin Rasha.An yi wannan yakin ne da kazamin fada na kusa-kusa da kuma kai hare-hare kan fararen hula a hare-haren da jiragen yakin suka kai, inda yakin ya kasance tamkar yakin birane.Yakin Stalingrad shi ne yaki mafi muni da aka taba yi a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu kuma yana daya daga cikin fadace-fadacen da aka fi zubar da jini a tarihin yakin, inda aka yi kiyasin an kashe mutane miliyan biyu.A yau, yakin Stalingrad a duniya ana daukarsa a matsayin sauyin yanayi a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Turai, kamar yadda ya tilasta wa Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (Babban Kwamandan Jamus) janye sojojin da yawa daga wasu yankuna a Turai da suka mamaye don maye gurbin asarar da Jamus ta yi a Gabas. Gaba.Nasarar da aka yi a Stalingrad ya ƙarfafa Red Army kuma ya canza ma'auni na iko a cikin yardar Soviets.Stalingrad ya kasance muhimmiyar mahimmanci ga bangarorin biyu a matsayin babbar cibiyar masana'antu da sufuri a kan kogin Volga.Duk wanda ke iko da Stalingrad zai sami damar shiga filayen mai na Caucasus;da kuma kula da Volga.Jamus, wadda tuni ta yi aiki kan raguwar albarkatun man fetur ta mayar da hankali kan kokarinta na matsawa zuwa cikin yankin Soviet da kuma daukar wuraren mai ta kowane farashi.A ranar 4 ga Agusta, Jamusawa sun kaddamar da farmaki ta hanyar amfani da Sojoji na 6 da kuma abubuwan da ke cikin Rundunar Panzer na 4.Harin ya samu goyon bayan wani mummunan harin bam da aka kai a Luftwaffe wanda ya mayar da mafi yawan birnin ya zama barna.Yakin dai ya rikide zuwa gida-gida a yayin da bangarorin biyu suka yi ta kwararowa cikin birnin.A tsakiyar watan Nuwamba, Jamusawa, da tsada mai yawa, sun tura masu kare Soviet zuwa kunkuntar yankuna a yammacin gabar kogin.A ranar 19 ga Nuwamba, Rundunar Sojin Red Army ta kaddamar da Operation Uranus, wani hari mai fuska biyu da aka auna kan sojojin Romania da ke ba da kariya ga rundunar soji ta 6.An mamaye gefen Axis kuma an katse runduna ta 6 tare da kewaye a yankin Stalingrad.Adolf Hitler ya kuduri aniyar ci gaba da rike birnin ko ta halin kaka kuma ya hana Sojoji na 6 yin yunkurin ballewa;a maimakon haka, an yi ƙoƙari don samar da shi ta iska da kuma karya kewayen daga waje.Soviets sun yi nasara wajen hana Jamusawa ikon sake samar da iskar da ta yi wa sojojin Jamus tuwo a kwarya.Duk da haka, sojojin na Jamus sun kuduri aniyar ci gaba da ci gaba da gwabza kazamin fada har na tsawon watanni biyu.A ranar 2 ga Fabrairun 1943, sojojin Jamus na 6, bayan sun ƙare harsashi da abincinsu, a ƙarshe sun yi nasara, wanda ya zama na farko na sojojin filin Hitler da suka mika wuya a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, bayan watanni biyar, mako guda, da kwanaki uku na yakin.

Yaƙin El Alamein na biyu (23 ga Oktoba – 11 ga Nuwamba 1942) yaƙi ne na yaƙin duniya na biyu wanda ya gudana kusa da tashar jirgin ƙasa ta Masar na El Alamein.Yakin El Alamein na farko da yakin Alam el Halfa ya hana Axis ci gaba zuwaMasar .A watan Agustan 1942, Janar Claude Auchinleck ya sami sassauci a matsayin Babban Kwamandan Rundunar Gabas ta Tsakiya kuma an kashe magajinsa, Laftanar-Janar William Gott a kan hanyarsa ta maye gurbinsa a matsayin kwamandan Sojoji na takwas.An nada Laftanar-Janar Bernard Montgomery kuma ya jagoranci harin Sojoji na takwas.Nasarar da Birtaniyya ta samu ita ce mafarin kawo karshen Yakin Hamadar Yamma, inda ta kawar da barazanar Axis ga Masar, magudanar ruwa ta Suez da yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya da na Farisa .Yakin ya farfado da kwarin guiwar kawancen, kasancewar shine babban nasara na farko da aka samu kan Axis tun bayan Operation Crusader a karshen 1941. Karshen yakin ya zo daidai da mamayar Faransa ta Arewa a cikin Operation Torch a ranar 8 ga watan Nuwamba, wanda ya bude gaba na biyu. a Arewacin Afirka.

Operation Torch (8 Nuwamba 1942 - 16 Nuwamba 1942) ya kasance wani kawancen mamayewa na Faransa ta Arewa a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu.Torch wani aiki ne na sasantawa wanda ya cika burin Birtaniyya na samun nasara a Arewacin Afirka tare da baiwa sojojin Amurka damar shiga yakin da ake yi da Jamus na Nazi a kan iyaka.Wannan shi ne karon farko da sojojin Amurka suka shiga cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Turai-Arewacin Afirka, kuma sun ga harin jirgin sama na farko da Amurka ta kai.Rundunar Task Force ta Yamma ta ci karo da juriya da ba zato ba tsammani da kuma mummunan yanayi, amma Casablanca, babban sansanin sojojin ruwa na Faransa na Atlantic, an kama shi bayan wani ɗan gajeren kewaye.Hukumar ta Centre Task Force ta sami ɗan lahani ga jiragenta a lokacin da suke ƙoƙarin sauka a cikin ruwa mara zurfi amma jiragen na Faransa sun nutse ko kuma sun kori;Oran ya mika wuya bayan ruwan bama-bamai da jiragen yakin Burtaniya suka yi.Resistance na Faransa ya yi ƙoƙarin yin juyin mulki a Algiers ba tare da yin nasara ba, kuma, duk da cewa wannan ya haifar da faɗakarwa a cikin sojojin Vichy, Rundunar Task Force ta Gabas ta sami ƙarancin adawa kuma ta sami damar tura cikin ƙasa tare da tilasta mika wuya a ranar farko.Nasarar Torch ta sa Admiral François Darlan, kwamandan sojojin Faransa na Vichy, ya ba da umarnin yin aiki tare da Allies, a madadin nada shi a matsayin Babban Kwamishina, tare da sauran jami'an Vichy da yawa suna rike da ayyukansu.

Operation Husky wani babban kamfen ne na yakin duniya na biyu inda kasashen kawance suka mamaye tsibirin Sicily suka karbe shi daga hannun Axis (Italiya Fascist da Jamus na Nazi ).An fara shi da babban aikin amphibious da iska, sannan aka yi yaƙin ƙasar na tsawon makonni shida, kuma ya ƙaddamar da Kamfen ɗin Italiya.Don karkatar da wasu daga cikin sojojin Axis zuwa wasu yankuna, Allies sun gudanar da ayyukan yaudara da yawa, wanda ya fi shahara kuma ya yi nasara shine Operation Mincemeat.Husky ya fara a daren 9-10 Yuli 1943, kuma ya ƙare a ranar 17 ga Agusta.Da dabara, Husky ya cimma burin da masu tsara shirye-shiryen Allied suka gindaya mata;Allies sun kori sojojin sama, na kasa da na ruwa na Axis daga tsibirin kuma an bude hanyoyin tekun Mediterrenean don jiragen ruwa na Allied a karon farko tun 1941. Wadannan al'amura sun kai ga hambarar da shugaban Italiya, Benito Mussolini, daga mulki a Italiya a ranar 25 ga watan 25. Yuli, da kuma zuwa ga mamayar Italiya a ranar 3 ga Satumba.Shugaban Jamus, Adolf Hitler, "ya soke wani gagarumin farmaki a Kursk bayan mako guda, a wani bangare na karkatar da sojojin zuwa Italiya," wanda ya haifar da raguwar karfin Jamus a Gabashin Gabas.Rugujewar Italiya ya sa sojojin Jamus suka maye gurbin Italiyawa a Italiya da kadan daga yankin Balkan, lamarin da ya sa aka karkatar da kashi daya cikin biyar na sojojin Jamus daga gabas zuwa kudancin Turai, adadin da zai kasance har zuwa karshen yakin. .

Saukowa na Normandy sune ayyukan saukowa da ayyukan da suka shafi iska a ranar Talata, 6 ga Yuni 1944 na mamayewar Normandy a Operation Overlord lokacin yakin duniya na biyu.Mai suna Operation Neptune kuma galibi ana kiransa D-Day, shine mafi girman mamayewar teku a tarihi.Aikin ya fara 'yantar da Faransa (da kuma yammacin Turai) da kuma aza harsashin nasara na Allied a kan yammacin Front.An riga an yi tashin bama-bamai ta sama da na ruwa da kuma wani hari ta sama— saukar da sojojin Amurka, Birtaniya da Kanada 24,000 da aka yi ta jirgin sama jim kadan bayan tsakar dare.Sojojin da ke kawance da runduna masu sulke sun fara sauka a gabar tekun Faransa da karfe 06:30.An raba manufa mai nisan mil 50 (kilomita 80) na gabar tekun Normandy zuwa sassa biyar: Utah, Omaha, Zinariya, Juno, da Takobi.Iska mai ƙarfi ya busa jirgin saman jirgin gabas da wuraren da aka nufa, musamman a Utah da Omaha.Mutanen sun yi kasa a cikin wuta mai tsanani daga wuraren da aka ajiye bindigogi da ke kallon rairayin bakin teku, kuma an hako bakin tekun kuma an rufe shi da cikas kamar gungumen katako, da karfen karfe, da shingen waya, wanda ya sa aikin kungiyoyin tsabtace bakin teku ya zama mai wahala da haɗari.Rikicin ya fi yin nauyi a Omaha, tare da manyan duwatsu.A Gold, Juno, da Sword, an share garuruwa masu kagara da yawa a fadan gida-gida, kuma an kashe manyan bindigogi biyu a Zinare ta hanyar amfani da tankuna na musamman.Kawancen sun kasa cimma wani burinsu a ranar farko.Carentan, Saint-Lô, da Bayeux sun kasance a hannun Jamusanci, kuma Caen, babbar manufa, ba a kama shi ba har sai 21 ga Yuli.Biyu ne kawai daga cikin rairayin bakin teku (Juno da Zinariya) an haɗa su a ranar farko, kuma ba a haɗa dukkan rairayin bakin teku guda biyar ba har sai 12 ga Yuni;duk da haka, aikin ya samu gindin zama wanda sannu a hankali kawancen ya fadada cikin watanni masu zuwa.An kiyasta asarar Jamusawa a ranar D-Day da maza 4,000 zuwa 9,000.An kididdige adadin wadanda suka jikkata a kalla 10,000, inda aka tabbatar da mutuwar 4,414.Gidajen tarihi, abubuwan tunawa, da makabartar yaki a yankin yanzu suna karbar baƙi da yawa kowace shekara.

'Yantar dabirnin Paris yaki ne na soji da aka yi a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu daga ranar 19 ga watan Agustan 1944 har zuwa lokacin da sojojin Jamus suka mika wuya ga babban birnin kasar Faransa a ranar 25 ga watan Agustan shekarar 1944. 1940, bayan haka Wehrmacht ya mamaye arewa da yammacin Faransa.An fara ‘yantarwar ne a lokacin da Sojojin Faransa na cikin gida-tsarin soja na Resistance na Faransa—sun gudanar da zanga-zangar adawa da sojojin Jamus a kan gabatowar Sojojin Amurka na uku, karkashin jagorancin Janar George Patton.A daren ranar 24 ga watan Agusta, wasu daga cikin Sashen Sojin Faransa na biyu na Janar Philippe Leclerc, sun shiga birnin Paris, suka isa otel de Ville, jim kadan kafin tsakar dare.Washe gari, 25 ga Agusta, yawancin runduna ta 2 da makami ta 4 da Rundunar Sojojin Amurka ta 4 da sauran runfunan kawance suka shiga cikin birnin.Dietrich von Choltitz, kwamandan sojojin Jamus kuma gwamnan soja na Paris, ya mika wuya ga Faransawa a Hôtel Le Meurice, hedkwatar Faransa da aka kafa.Janar Charles de Gaulle na Sojan Faransa ya isa ne domin karbar iko da birnin a matsayin shugaban gwamnatin wucin gadi na Jamhuriyar Faransa.

Ci gaban Allied daga Paris zuwa Rhine wani lokaci ne a yakin Yammacin Turai na yakin duniya na biyu.Wannan lokaci ya tashi daga ƙarshen Yaƙin Normandy, ko Operation Overlord, (25 ga Agusta 1944) wanda ya haɗa da yaƙin hunturu na Jamus ta hanyar Ardennes (wanda aka fi sani da Yaƙin Bulge) da Operation Nordwind (a cikin Alsace da Lorraine). har zuwa Allies suna shirin ketare Rhine a farkon watanni na 1945.

Bayan sanarwar Hitler na 29 ga Agusta 1944 don fara hare-haren V-2 da wuri-wuri, an fara kai farmaki a ranar 7 ga Satumba 1944 lokacin da aka kaddamar da biyu aParis (wanda Allies suka 'yantar da kasa da makonni biyu a baya), amma dukansu sun fadi jim kadan bayan kaddamar da su.A ranar 8 ga Satumba an harba makamin roka guda daya a birnin Paris, wanda ya yi sanadin barna a kusa da Porte d'Italie., 467 An harba wasu makaman guda biyu da na 485th ya biyo baya, gami da daya daga The Hague a kan London a wannan rana da karfe 6:43 na yamma.- na farko ya sauka a Staveley Road, Chiswick, inda ya kashe Misis mai shekaru 63.Da farko dai gwamnatin Biritaniya ta yi yunkurin boye musabbabin fashe-fashen ta hanyar dora su a kan gurbataccen iskar gas.Don haka jama'a sun fara kiran V-2s a matsayin "bututun iskar gas".A ƙarshe Jamusawa da kansu sun sanar da V-2 a ranar 8 ga Nuwamba 1944 kuma sai kawai, a ranar 10 ga Nuwamba 1944, Winston Churchill ya sanar da majalisar dokoki, da duniya, cewa Ingila ta kasance ƙarƙashin harin roka "tun 'yan makonnin da suka gabata".Saboda rashin daidaiton su, waɗannan V-2s ba su kai ga garuruwan da aka nufa ba.Ba da daɗewa ba London da Antwerp kawai suka kasance a matsayin waɗanda aka keɓe kamar yadda Adolf Hitler da kansa ya ba da umarnin, Antwerp an yi niyya a tsakanin 12 zuwa 20 ga Oktoba, bayan wannan lokacin ƙungiyar ta koma Hague.Roka biyu na ƙarshe sun fashe a ranar 27 ga Maris 1945. Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan shi ne V-2 na ƙarshe da ya kashe farar hular Biritaniya kuma farar hula na ƙarshe da aka kashe a yaƙin ƙasar Biritaniya: Ivy Millichamp, mai shekaru 34, ta kashe a gidanta a Titin Kynaston. Orpington in Kent.

Yakin Bulge, wanda kuma aka fi sani da Ardennes Offensive, shi ne babban yaƙin neman zaɓe na ƙarshe na Jamus a Gabashin Yamma a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu.An kai harin ne daga ranar 16 ga Disamban 1944 zuwa 25 ga Janairun 1945, zuwa karshen yakin Turai.An kaddamar da shi ta yankin Ardennes mai cike da dazuzzuka tsakanin Belgium da Luxembourg.Makasudin soja na farko shine hana ƙarin amfani da tashar jiragen ruwa na Antwerp na Belgium zuwa ga Allies da kuma raba layin Allied, wanda zai iya ba da damar Jamusawa su kewaye da kuma lalata sojojin Allied hudu.Dan mulkin kama karya na Nazi Adolf Hitler, wanda a wannan lokacin ya zama kwamandan sojojin Jamus kai tsaye, ya yi imanin cewa cimma waɗannan manufofin za su tilasta wa ƙasashen Yammacin Turai su amince da yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya a cikin ikon Axis.A wannan lokacin, kusan dukkanin shugabannin Jamus, ciki har da Hitler da kansa, ba su da wani kyakkyawan fata na tunkude mamayewar Soviet na Jamus, sai dai idan Wehrmacht ya iya tattara dukan sauran sojojinsa a Gabashin Gabas, wanda a cikin Gabas ta Gabas. juya a fili yana buƙatar kawo ƙarshen tashin hankali a Gabashin Yamma da Italiya.Yakin Bulge ya kasance a cikin muhimman fadace-fadacen yakin, yayin da ya ke nuna babban hari na karshe da Axis Powers suka yi a gaban yammacin kasar.Bayan shan kayen da suka yi, Jamus za ta ja da baya a sauran yakin.

Kayan aikin Jamus na mika wuya shi ne takardar doka da ta haifar da mika wuya na Jamus na Nazi ba tare da wani sharadi ba kuma ya kawo karshen yakin duniya na biyu a Turai.An ba da shawarar mika wuya ga jama'a a ranar 8 ga Mayu 1945. An sanya hannu kan takamaiman rubutun a Karlshorst, Berlin, a daren 8 ga Mayu 1945 ta wakilan ƙungiyoyin soja uku na Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (OKW) da Rundunar Baƙi tare tare. tare da Babban Babban Kwamandan Rundunar Sojojin Tarayyar Soviet, tare da ƙarin wakilan Faransa da Amurka suka sanya hannu a matsayin shaidu.An sanya hannu a ranar 9 ga Mayu 1945 a 00:16 lokacin gida.

A ranar 6 da 9 ga watan Agustan 1945 ne Amurka ta tayar da bama-baman nukiliya guda biyu a kan garuruwan Hiroshima da Nagasaki na kasar Japan.Hare-haren bama-bamai guda biyu sun yi sanadiyyar mutuwar mutane tsakanin 129,000 da 226,000, wadanda akasarinsu fararen hula ne, kuma har yanzu ita ce kadai ake amfani da makaman kare dangi a yakin basasa.An samu amincewar Burtaniya kan harin bam, kamar yadda yarjejeniyar Quebec ta bukata, kuma a ranar 25 ga Yuli, Janar Thomas Handy, mukaddashin babban hafsan hafsoshin sojojin Amurka, ya ba da umarnin a yi amfani da bama-baman na nukiliya. Hiroshima, Kokura, Niigata, and Nagasaki.A ranar 6 ga Agusta, an jefa wani karamin yaro a Hiroshima, wanda Firayim Minista Suzuki ya sake nanata kudurin gwamnatin Japan na yin watsi da bukatun kawancen da yaki.Bayan kwana uku, an jefar da wani Mutum mai Kiba akan Nagasaki.A cikin watanni biyu zuwa hudu masu zuwa, sakamakon harin bam na nukiliya ya kashe mutane tsakanin 90,000 zuwa 146,000 a Hiroshima da kuma mutane 39,000 da 80,000 a Nagasaki;kusan rabin ya faru a ranar farko.Bayan watanni da yawa, mutane da yawa sun ci gaba da mutuwa daga sakamakon konewa, cututtuka na radiation, da raunuka, da rashin lafiya da rashin abinci mai gina jiki.Ko da yake Hiroshima tana da sansanin soji da yawa, yawancin wadanda suka mutu farar hula ne.

An yi amfani da jiragen sama don leken asiri, a matsayin mayaka, masu tayar da bama-bamai, da kuma goyon bayan kasa, kuma kowace rawar ta ci gaba sosai.Ƙirƙirar ƙira ta haɗa da jigilar jirgin sama (ikon don matsar da ƙayyadaddun kayayyaki masu mahimmanci, kayan aiki, da ma'aikata da sauri);da kuma harin bama-bamai na dabara (harba bam na masana'antu da cibiyoyin jama'a na abokan gaba don lalata karfin makiya na yin yaki).An fara amfani da jirgin na jet na farko kuma, kodayake gabatarwar marigayi yana nufin ba shi da tasiri sosai, ya haifar da jiragen sama sun zama daidaitattun sojojin sama a duniya.An sami ci gaba a kusan kowane fanni na yakin ruwa, musamman tare da jigilar jiragen sama da jiragen ruwa.Kodayake yakin basasa yana da ɗan nasara kaɗan a farkon yakin, ayyuka a Taranto, Pearl Harbor, da Tekun Coral sun kafa mai ɗaukar kaya a matsayin babban jirgin ruwa a wurin yaƙin.Jiragen ruwa na karkashin ruwa, wadanda suka tabbatar sun zama makami mai inganci a lokacin yakin duniya na farko, dukkan bangarorin sun yi hasashen za su kasance da muhimmanci a karo na biyu.Birtaniyya ta mayar da hankali kan ci gaba kan makamin da ke karkashin ruwa da dabarun yaki, irin su sonar da ayari, yayin da Jamus ta mayar da hankali kan inganta karfinta, tare da zane-zane irin su jirgin ruwa na Type VII da dabarun wolfpack.Sannu a hankali, haɓaka fasahohin haɗin gwiwa irin su Leigh light, bushiya, squid, da guguwar wuta sun tabbatar da nasara akan jiragen ruwa na Jamus.Yakin kasa ya canza daga sahun gaba na yakin duniya na 1 , wanda ya dogara da ingantattun manyan bindigogi wadanda suka zarce gudun rundunonin sojoji da na doki, zuwa kara motsi da hada makamai.Tankin, wanda aka fi amfani da shi don tallafawa sojoji a yakin duniya na farko, ya rikide zuwa makamin farko.Yawancin manyan mayaƙan sun yi ƙoƙarin warware matsalolin sarƙaƙƙiya da tsaro da ke tattare da yin amfani da manyan litattafai don cryptography ta hanyar zayyana injunan ciphering, sanannen shine injin Enigma na Jamus.Haɓakawa na SIGINT (hankali na sigina) da cryptanalysis sun ba da damar aiwatar da hana ɓarna.Sauran fasahohin fasaha da injiniya da aka samu a lokacin, ko sakamakon, yakin sun hada da kwamfutoci na farko na duniya (Z3, Colossus, da ENIAC), makamai masu linzami masu linzami da rokoki na zamani, ayyukan Manhattan na haɓaka makaman nukiliya, bincike na aiki da haɓakawa. na tashar jiragen ruwa na wucin gadi da bututun mai a karkashin tashar Turanci.An fara samar da penicillin da yawa kuma an yi amfani da shi a lokacin yakin.