Daular Byzantine: Daular Isaurian

Leo III Basarake shi ne Sarkin Byzantine daga 717 har zuwa mutuwarsa a 741 kuma ya kafa daular Isaurian.Ya kawo karshen rikicin shekaru Ashirin, wani lokaci na rashin zaman lafiya a Daular Rumawa tsakanin 695 zuwa 717, wanda ke nuna saurin maye gurbin sarakuna da dama a kan karagar mulki.Ya kuma yi nasarar kare daular daga hannun Umayyawan mamaya tare da hana girmama gumaka.

Kawayen Larabawa na biyu na Konstantinoful a shekara ta 717-718 wani hari ne na kasa da ruwa hade da larabawan musulmi na khalifancin Umayyawa a kan babban birnin daular Byzantine, Konstantinoful.Yaƙin neman zaɓe ya kawo ƙarshen hare-hare na shekaru ashirin da mamayar Larabawa na ci gaba da mamaye iyakokin Byzantine, yayin da ƙarfin Byzantine ya lalace saboda tsawaita cikin gida.A shekara ta 716, bayan shekaru na shirye-shirye, Larabawa karkashin jagorancin Maslama ibn Abd al-Malik, suka mamaye yankin Bizantine a Asiya Karama.Da farko Larabawa sun yi fatan za su yi amfani da rikicin cikin gida na Byzantine kuma sun kafa dalili na gama gari tare da Janar Leo III na Isaurian, wanda ya tashi a kan sarki Theodosius na uku.Leo, duk da haka, ya yaudare su kuma ya amince wa kansa kursiyin Byzantine.Bayan da aka yi sanyi a yammacin gabar tekun Asiya Ƙarama, sojojin Larabawa sun tsallaka zuwa Thrace a farkon lokacin rani na shekara ta 717 kuma suka gina layukan da za su kewaye birnin, wanda katangar Theodosian mai girma ke kiyaye shi.Tawagar larabawa da ke tare da sojojin kasa da nufin kammala shingen da birnin ya yi ta teku, jim kadan bayan isowarsu ta hanyar amfani da gobarar Girka ta yi amfani da karfin tuwo.Wannan ya ba da damar Constantinople ya sami wadata ta ruwa, yayin da sojojin Larabawa suka gurgunta saboda yunwa da cututtuka a lokacin hunturu mai tsanani da ya biyo baya.A cikin bazara na shekara ta 718, Rumawa sun lalata wasu jiragen ruwa biyu na Larabawa da aka aika a matsayin ƙarfafawa bayan da ma'aikatansu na Kirista suka tsere, kuma an yi musu kwanton bauna kuma an ci su da ƙarin sojojin da aka aika a kan ƙasa ta Asiya Ƙarama.Tare da hare-haren da ' yan Bulgars suka kai a baya, Larabawa sun tilasta wa Larabawa su janye yakin a ranar 15 ga Agusta 718. A kan tafiya ta dawowa, jiragen ruwa na Larabawa sun kusan halakar da bala'o'i.Kasawar da aka yi wa kawanya ya yi tasiri mai yawa.Ceto Constantinople ya tabbatar da ci gaba da wanzuwar Byzantium, yayin da aka canza tsarin dabarun Halifanci: ko da yake an ci gaba da kai hare-hare na yau da kullum a yankunan Byzantine, an yi watsi da manufar cin nasara.Masana tarihi dai na ganin wannan kawanya a matsayin daya daga cikin muhimman fadace-fadacen tarihi, saboda gazawar ta ya dage musulmin zuwa Kudu maso Gabashin Turai tsawon shekaru aru-aru.

A cikin 719, tsohon sarki Anastasius ya jagoranci tawaye ga Leo III, yana samun goyon bayan Bulgar mai yawa.Sojojin 'yan tawaye sun ci gaba da zuwa Konstantinoful.Bulgarian sun ci amanar Anastasius, wanda ya kai ga shan kaye.Kamfanin ya gaza, kuma Anastasius ya fada hannun Leo kuma an kashe shi ta hanyar umarninsa a ranar 1 ga Yuni.An kashe shi tare da wasu mahara da suka hada da Niketas Xylinitas da babban Bishop na Thessaloniki.

Leo ya gudanar da wani tsari na sake fasalin jama'a ciki har da soke tsarin biyan haraji wanda ya yi nauyi a kan masu mallakar dukiya, haɓakar masu ba da izini zuwa rukunin masu haya 'yanci da sake fasalin dokar iyali, dokar ruwa da dokar laifuka, musamman. maye gurbin yankewa ga hukuncin kisa a lokuta da yawa.Sabbin matakan, waɗanda ke kunshe a cikin sabon lambar da ake kira Ecloga (Zaɓi), wanda aka buga a cikin 726, ya gamu da wasu 'yan adawa daga bangaren manyan malamai da manyan malamai.Har ila yau, Sarkin sarakuna ya sake tsara tsarin jigo ta hanyar ƙirƙirar sabon jigo a yankin Aegean.

Harin kai-da-kai kan Daular Rumawa zai ci gaba a shekara ta 727 har zuwa shekara ta 739. Wani kwamandan sojojin Larabawa na yau da kullun shi ne Maslama wanda ba za a iya mantawa da shi ba, ɗan'uwan Hisham.Ya yi yaƙi da Rumawa a 725-726 AZ kuma shekara ta gaba ta kama Caesarea Mazaca.Dan Hisham Mu'awiya shi ne wani kwamandan Larabawa a hare-haren da ake kai wa daular Rumawa kusan kowace shekara.A shekara ta 728, ya ɗauki sansanin Samalu a Kilisiya.A shekara ta gaba Mu'awiya ya tura hagu, Sa'id bn Hisham dama, ban da wani hari da aka kai a teku.A shekara ta 731 Mu'awiya ya kama Kharsianon a Kapadokiya.Mu'awiya ya kai hari daular Rumawa a shekara ta 731-732.A shekara ta gaba ya kama Aqrun (Akroinos), yayin da Abdallah al-Battal ya kama wani kwamandan Rumawa fursuna.Mu'awiya ya kai hari Byzantium daga 734-737.A shekara ta 737, al Walid bn al Qa'qa al-Absi ya jagoranci farmakin da aka kai wa Rumawa.A shekara ta gaba Sulayman bn Hisham ya kama Sindira (Sideroun).A cikin 738-739, Maslama ya kama wasu daga Kapadokiya kuma ya kai hari Avars.

Bacin ran Leo a kan gazawar sojansa ya sa shi gaskata, a cikin salon lokacin, cewa Daular ta rasa tagomashin Allah.Tuni a cikin 722 ya yi ƙoƙari ya tilasta wa Yahudawan Daular su tuba, amma ba da daɗewa ba ya fara mai da hankalinsa ga girmama gumaka, waɗanda wasu bishop suka ɗauka a matsayin bautar gumaka.Bayan sake fashewar Thera a shekara ta 726, ya buga wata doka da ta yi Allah wadai da amfani da su, kuma ya sa aka cire siffar Kristi daga Ƙofar Chalke, ƙofar bikin zuwa Babban Fadar Konstantinoful.Sarkin ya nuna kansa yana ƙara sukar ƴan gumaka, kuma a wata majalisa ta kotu a shekara ta 730 ya haramta hotunan limamai a hukumance.Leo's espousous of iconoclasm ya haifar da martani a tsakanin jama'a da Coci.Sojojin da suka sauke siffar Kristi daga Chalke sun lalace, kuma tawaye mai jigo da ya barke a Girka a shekara ta 727, aƙalla wani ɓangare ne ya motsa shi ta wurin ƙwazo.The Patriarch Germanos I murabus, don maye gurbinsu da mafi pliant Anastasios.Dokar da sarkin ya bayar ta jawo la’antar Paparoma Gregory II da Gregory III, da kuma John na Damascus.Gabaɗaya, duk da haka, takaddamar ta kasance mai iyaka, yayin da Leo ya dena tsananta tsananta wa gumaka.

A cikin Tsibirin Italiya, halin ƙin yarda na Paparoma Gregory II da kuma daga baya Gregory III a madadin ɗaukaka hoto ya haifar da mummunar jayayya da Sarkin sarakuna.Tsohuwar majalissar da aka kira a Roma don ƙazantar da gumakan gumaka (730, 732);a cikin 740 Leo ya rama ta hanyar canja wurin Kudancin Italiya da Illyricum daga diocese na papal zuwa na sarki na Konstantinoful.Gwagwarmayar ta kasance tare da fashewar makamai a cikin Ravenna a cikin 727, wanda Leo ya yi ƙoƙari ya yi nasara ta hanyar manyan jiragen ruwa.Amma lalatar da makaman da guguwa ta yi ya yanke shawara a kansa;talakawansa na kudancin Italiya sun yi nasarar bijirewa dokokinsa na addini, kuma Exarchate na Ravenna ya rabu da Daular sosai.

An gwabza yakin Akroinon a yammacin gabar yankin Anatoliya, a shekara ta 740 tsakanin sojojin larabawa na Umayyawa da sojojin Rumawa.Larabawa sun kasance suna kai hare-hare akai-akai a yankin Anatoliya tun a karnin da ya gabata, kuma balaguron na 740 shi ne mafi girma a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, wanda ya kunshi sassa daban-daban guda uku.Bangare daya mai karfi 20,000 karkashin Abdallah al-Battal da al-Malik ibn Shu'aib, sun fuskanci Akroinon a hannun Rumawa karkashin jagorancin sarki Leo III na Isaurian r.717–741) da dansa, nan gaba Constantine V (r. 741–775).Yaƙin ya haifar da gagarumar nasara ta Byzantine.Tare da matsalolin halifancin Umayyawa ta wasu fagarori da kuma rashin zaman lafiya a cikin gida kafin da bayan Tawayen Abbasiyawa , hakan ya kawo karshen manyan kutse da Larabawa suka yi a yankin Anatoliya tsawon shekaru talatin.Akroinon ya kasance babbar nasara ga Rumawa, domin ita ce nasara ta farko da suka samu a wani gagarumin yakin da suka yi da Larabawa.Ganin ta a matsayin shaida ta sabonta tagomashin Allah, nasarar ta kuma ƙarfafa imanin Leo game da tsarin ƙwazo da ya ɗauka shekaru da suka shige.A al'adance ana ganin shan kashi na Larabawa a Akroinon a matsayin wani gagarumin yaki da kuma sauyin yakin Larabawa-Byzantine, wanda ya haifar da raguwar matsin lambar Larabawa a kan Byzantium.Constantine V ya sami damar cin gajiyar rugujewar Khalifancin Umayyawa don kaddamar da jerin gwano zuwa kasar Siriya tare da tabbatar da hawan Rumawa a kan iyakar gabas wanda ya dade har zuwa 770s.

Mulkin Constantine V ya ga ingantaccen tsaro na Byzantine daga barazanar waje.A matsayinsa na ƙwararren shugaba na soja, Constantine ya yi amfani da damar yaƙin basasa a duniyar musulmi ya kai hare-hare a kan iyakokin Larabawa.Tare da wannan iyakar gabas mai tsaro, ya ci gaba da yakin neman zabe a kan Bulgars a cikin Balkans.Ayyukansa na soja, da manufofin daidaita al'ummar Kirista daga yankin Larabawa a Thrace, sun sa ikon Byzantium a yankunan Balkan ya fi tsaro.Rikicin addini da rigima ya kasance babban abin da ya faru a zamanin mulkinsa.Ƙauyen goyon bayansa na Iconoclasm da adawa da zuhudu ya kai ga zaginsa daga baya masana tarihi na Byzantine da marubuta, waɗanda suka raina shi a matsayin Kopronymos ko Copronymus (Κοπρώνυμος), ma'ana dung-mai suna.Daular Byzantine ta more wani lokaci na karuwar wadata na cikin gida a lokacin mulkin Constantine.Shi ne kuma ke da alhakin gudanar da muhimman ayyukan soji da na gudanarwa da gyare-gyare.

Constantine yana tsallakawa Asiya Ƙarama don yaƙi da Daular Umayyawa a ƙarƙashin Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik a kan iyakar gabas a watan Yuni 741 ko 742. Amma a cikin wannan taswirar sojojin surukinsa Artabasdos sun kai wa Constantine hari. taken Armeniya.An ci nasara, Constantine ya nemi mafaka a Amorion, yayin da mai nasara ya ci gaba a Konstantinoful kuma an yarda da shi a matsayin sarki.Yayin da Constantine yanzu ya sami goyon bayan jigogin Anatolic da Thracesian, Artabasdos ya tabbatar da na jigogin Thrace da Opsiion, ban da nasa sojojin Armeniya.Bayan da sarakunan masu hamayya da juna suka yi amfani da lokacinsu a shirye-shiryen soja, Artabasdos ya yi yaƙi da Constantine, amma an ci nasara a watan Mayu 743 a Sardis.Bayan watanni uku Constantine ya ci Artabasdos ɗan Niketas ya nufi Konstantinoful.A farkon watan Nuwamba aka shigar da Constantine a babban birnin kasar kuma nan da nan ya yi wa abokan hamayyarsa makanta, ko kuma a kashe su.Wataƙila saboda cin zarafin Artabasdos yana da alaƙa tare da maido da girmama hotuna, yanzu Constantine ya zama wataƙila ma ya fi mahaifinsa tsautsayi.

A cikin 746, samun riba daga rashin kwanciyar hankali yanayi a cikin Umayyad Caliphate , wanda aka fadowa baya karkashin Marwan II, Byzantine sarki Constantine V gudanar da nasara yakin a arewacin Syria da Armenia , kama Germanikeia, da kuma sosai rushe Bulgarian ƙarfi.Tare da shan kashi na soji a wasu fagage na halifanci da rashin zaman lafiya na cikin gida, fadada Umayyawa ya ƙare.

A cewar majiyoyin, jiragen ruwanna Masar sun taso ne daga Iskandariyya zuwa Cyprus.Dabarun Byzantine na Cibyrrhaeots sun yi nasarar ba Larabawa mamaki tare da toshe hanyar shiga tashar jiragen ruwa na Keramaia.A sakamakon haka, kusan dukkanin jiragen ruwa na Larabawa - Theophanes ya rubuta, tare da wuce gona da iri, na dromons dubu, yayin da Anastasius ya ba da adadin adadin jiragen ruwa talatin - an lalata su.A cewar Theophanes, "an ce jiragen ruwa uku ne kawai suka tsira".Wannan mummunan shan kashi ya kasance alamar alama: bayansa, ba a ambaci jiragen ruwa na Masar ba har zuwa rabin na biyu na karni na 9, bayan Buhun Damietta.Masar ta daina zama babban tushe don balaguron jiragen ruwa a kan Byzantium a cikin karni bayan Keramaia.

Constantine ya jagoranci mamayewa cikin sabuwar Khalifancin Abbasiyawa karkashin As-Saffah.Constantine ya kama Theodosioupolis da Melitene (Malatya), kuma ya sake tsugunar da wasu daga cikin mutanen Balkans.

Majalisar iconoclast na Hieria majalisa ce ta Kirista ta 754 wacce ta dauki kanta a matsayin mai bin doka, amma daga baya Majalisar Nicaea ta biyu (787) da majami'un Katolika da na Orthodox suka yi watsi da su, tunda babu daya daga cikin manyan magabata guda biyar da aka wakilta a Hieria.Sarkin Byzantine Constantine V ya kira taron Hieria a shekara ta 754 a fadar Hieria a Chalcedon.Majalisar ta goyi bayan matsayin sarki na iconoclast a cikin rigimar gumaka ta Byzantine, inda ta yi Allah wadai da amfani da ruhi da liturgical na iconography a matsayin bidi'a.Masu adawa da majalisar sun bayyana ta a matsayin Majalisar Dattijai ta Mock na Konstantinoful ko kuma Majalisar Marasa Shugabanci domin babu wani ubangida ko wakilan manyan sarakunan nan guda biyar da suka halarci taron: zauren taron na Konstantinoful babu kowa;Antakiya, Kudus da Iskandariya sun kasance karkashin mulkin Musulunci;yayin da ba a nemi Roma ta shiga ba.An shafe hukunce-hukuncensa a Majalisar Lateran na 769 kafin Majalisar Nicaea ta Biyu ta soke kusan gaba ɗaya a shekara ta 787, wadda ta amince da ƙa’idodin al’ada kuma ta amince da girmama hotuna masu tsarki.

A cikin 755, dogon zaman lafiya tsakanin Bulgaria da daular Byzantine ya ƙare.Wannan ya faru ne saboda, bayan gagarumar nasara a kan Larabawa, Sarkin Bizantium Constantine V ya fara ƙarfafa iyakarsa da Bulgaria.Don haka ya sake tsugunar da 'yan bidi'a daga Armeniya da Siriya a Thrace.Khan Kormisosh ya ɗauki waɗannan ayyukan, da gina sabon sansanin soja a kan iyaka, a matsayin keta yarjejeniyar Byzantine-Bulgarian na 716, wanda Tervel ya sanya hannu.Mai mulkin Bulgaria ya aika da wakilai don neman haraji ga sababbin kagara.Bayan da Sarkin Rumawa ya ki amincewa, sojojin Bulgaria sun mamaye Thrace.Da suka yi awon gaba da komai a kan hanyarsu, 'yan Bulgaria sun isa wajen birnin Constantinople, inda sojojin Rumawa suka ci su da yaƙi.A cikin shekara ta gaba, Constantine V ya shirya babban yaƙin neman zaɓe a kan Bulgaria wanda a yanzu sabon khan, Vinekh ke mulki.An aika da sojoji da jiragen ruwa 500 da suka yi awon gaba da yankin Danube Delta.Sarkin sarakuna da kansa, wanda ya jagoranci babban karfi, ya shiga Thrace, kuma Bulgarians ya shiga cikin iyakar iyakar Marcellae.Ba a san cikakken bayani game da yakin ba amma ya haifar da nasara ga Constantine V. Domin dakatar da mamayewa, Bulgarian sun aika da garkuwa zuwa Constantinople.

Pepin III, bayan dawo da yankunan Byzantine a Italiya daga Lombards, ya mika ikon yankin ga Paparoma a Roma.Roma ta juya zuwa ga Franks don kariya.Ba da gudummawar Pepin a cikin 756 ya ba da tushen doka don ƙirƙirar Jihohin Papal, don haka tsawaita mulkin wucin gadi na Paparoma fiye da duchy na Rome.Yarjejeniyar a hukumance ta ba Paparoma yankuna na Ravenna, har ma da garuruwa irin su Forlì tare da yankunansu, da Lombard ya ci Romagna da Duchy na Spoleto da Benevento, da Pentapolis ("birane biyar" na Rimini, Pesaro. , Fano, Senigallia da Ancona).Narni da Ceccano sun kasance tsoffin yankunan Paparoma.Yankunan da aka kayyade a cikin yarjejeniyar 756 na daular Roma ne.Wakilan Masarautar sun gana da Pepin a Pavia, suka ba shi kuɗi mai yawa don ya maido da filayen daular, amma ya ƙi, yana mai cewa na St Peter ne da kuma cocin Romawa.Wannan yanki na ƙasar ya miƙe a faɗin Italiya daga Tyrrhenian zuwa Adriatic.

Tsakanin shekara ta 755 zuwa 775, Sarkin Rumawa Constantine V ya shirya fafutuka tara don kawar da Bulgaria kuma ko da yake ya yi nasarar kayar da Bulgaria sau da yawa, amma bai taba cimma burinsa ba.A cikin 759, sarki ya jagoranci sojoji zuwa Bulgaria, amma Khan Vinekh yana da isasshen lokaci don hana hawan dutse da yawa.Lokacin da Rumawa suka isa mashigin Rishki an yi musu kwanton bauna aka ci su gaba daya.Masanin tarihin Bizantine Theophanes the Confessor ya rubuta cewa Bulgarian sun kashe dabarun Thrace Leo, kwamandan wasan kwaikwayo, da sojoji da yawa.Khan Vinekh bai yi amfani da damar da ya dace don ci gaba a yankin abokan gaba ba kuma ya kai karar zaman lafiya.Wannan aikin ba shi da farin jini sosai a tsakanin manyan mutane kuma an kashe Khan a cikin 761.

Constantine ya yi yaƙi da ƙabilun Slav na Thrace da Macedonia a shekara ta 762, inda ya kori wasu ƙabilu zuwa taken Opsician a Anatolia, kodayake wasu da son rai sun nemi ƙaura daga yankin iyakar Bulgaria mai fama da rikici.Wata majiyar Rumawa ta zamani ta bayar da rahoton cewa, Slavs 208,000 sun yi hijira daga yankunan da ke karkashin ikon Bulgaria zuwa yankin Byzantine kuma sun zauna a Anatolia.

Bayan nasarar da aka samu a yakin Rishki Pass (759) dan Bulgarian Khan Vinekh ya nuna rashin aiki mai ban mamaki kuma a maimakon haka ya bukaci zaman lafiya, wanda ya kashe shi kursiyin da rayuwarsa.Sabon mai mulki, Telets, ya kasance mai cikakken goyon baya don ƙarin ayyukan soja a kan Rumawa.A ranar 16 ga watan Yunin 763, Constantine V ya fito daga Konstantinoful tare da rundunonin jiragen ruwa 800, tare da mayaƙan doki 12, tare da manyan sojojin dawakai nasa.Khan dan Bulgarian mai kuzari ya hana wucewar tsaunuka kuma ya dauki matsayi masu kyau a kan tudu kusa da Anchialus, amma amincewar kansa da rashin hakuri ya sa shi ya gangara zuwa tudu ya caje abokan gaba.An fara yakin ne da karfe 10 na safe kuma har zuwa faduwar rana.Ya yi tsayi da jini, amma a ƙarshe Rumawa sun yi nasara, ko da yake sun yi asarar sojoji da manyan mutane da kwamandoji da yawa.Har ila yau, 'yan Bulgaria sun sami raunuka masu yawa kuma an kama mutane da yawa, yayin da Telets ya yi nasarar tserewa.Constantine V ya shiga babban birninsa cikin nasara sannan ya kashe fursunonin.

A shekara ta 765 Rumawa sun sake mamaye Bulgeriya , a lokacin wannan yakin, an kashe dan takarar Constantine na kursiyin Bulgaria, Toktu, da abokin hamayyarsa, Pagan.Bayinsa ne suka kashe Maguzawa lokacin da ya nemi guje wa abokan gabansa na Bulgaria ta hanyar gudu zuwa Varna, inda ya so ya koma sarki.Tasirin yaƙin neman zaɓe da Constantine ya yi akai-akai da nasarori masu yawa ya haifar da rashin kwanciyar hankali a Bulgeriya, inda sarakuna shida suka rasa rawaninsu saboda gazawarsu a yaƙi da Byzantium.

A lokacin da Constantine V ya rasu a watan Satumba na shekara ta 775, a lokacin da yake yakar 'yan Bulgaria, Leo IV the Khazar ya zama babban sarki a ranar 14 ga Satumba 775. A shekara ta 778 Leo ya kai hari kan Abbasid Syria, inda ya fatattaki sojojin Abbasiyawa a wajen Jamusanci.Leo ya mutu a ranar 8 ga Satumba 780, saboda tarin fuka.Ya gaje shi da ɗansa Constantine VI, wanda Irene ke aiki a matsayin mai mulki.

Leo ya kaddamar da farmaki kan Abbasiyawa a shekara ta 778, inda ya mamaye kasar Siriya tare da runduna da ta kunshi runduna masu jigogi da dama, wadanda suka hada da: Jigon Opsiion, karkashin jagorancin Gregory;Jigon Anatolic, wanda Artabasdos ya jagoranta;Jigon Armeniya, wanda Karisterotzes ke jagoranta;Jigon Bucellarian, wanda Tatzates ke jagoranta;da Jigon Thracesian, wanda Lachanodrakon ke jagoranta.Lachanodrakon ya yi wa Jamus kawanya na wani lokaci, kafin a ba shi cin hanci don tada kayar baya, sannan ya fara kai farmaki a cikin karkarar da ke kewaye.Abbasiyawa sun kai hari Lachanodrakon a lokacin da yake kai hari, amma sojojin Rumawa da dama sun sha kaye da su.Sojojin Rumawa da suka jagoranci sojoji a wannan yakin an ba su damar shiga nasara lokacin da suka koma Konstantinoful.A shekara ta gaba, a cikin 779, Leo ya yi nasarar dakile harin da Abbasiyawa suka kai wa Asiya Ƙarama.

Constantine na VI shi ne kaɗai ɗan sarki Leo IV da Irene.An nada Constantine a matsayin babban sarki a shekara ta 776, kuma ya yi nasara a matsayin sarki tilo yana da shekaru tara a karkashin mulkin Irene a shekara ta 780.

Empress Irene ta nada Elpidius a matsayin gwamna (strategos) na jigon Sicily.Ba da daɗewa ba, duk da haka, a ranar 15 ga Afrilu, an sanar da Irene cewa ya goyi bayan wani makirci, wanda aka gano a watan Oktoba na shekarar da ta gabata don sauke ta kuma ya ɗaukaka Kaisar Nikephoros, ɗan fari na Constantine V, zuwa mulki.Nan da nan Irene ta aika spatharios Theophilos zuwa Sicily don dawo da Elpidius zuwa Konstantinoful.Ko da yake an bar matarsa ​​da ’ya’yansa a Konstantinoful, Elpidius ya ƙi sammacin kuma mutane da sojojin yankin sun tallafa masa.Ba ze zama Elpidius ya bayyana kansa a fili ba don tawaye ga Irene, amma duk da haka Empress ya sa aka yi wa matarsa ​​da 'ya'yansa bulala a bainar jama'a tare da tsare shi a gidan sarauta na babban birnin kasar.A cikin kaka na 781 ko farkon 782, Irene ta aika da wani babban jirgin ruwa a ƙarƙashin wani amintaccen eunuch na kotu, patirikios Theodore.Sojojin Elpidius na kansa ba su da yawa, kuma bayan yaƙe-yaƙe da yawa an ci shi.Tare da Laftanarsa, dux Nikephoros, ya tattara abin da ya rage na baitulmalin taken ya gudu zuwa Arewacin Afirka, inda hukumomin Larabawa suka tarbe shi.

Harin da Abbasiyawa suka yi a Asiya Karama a shekara ta 782 yana daya daga cikin manyan ayyuka da Khalifancin Abbasiyawa suka kaddamar kan daular Rumawa.An kaddamar da farmakin ne a matsayin nunin karfin soji na Abbasiyawa bayan jerin nasarorin da Rumawa suka samu.A karkashin jagorancin magajin Abbasiyawa, Harun al-Rashid na gaba, sojojin Abbasiyawa sun isa har zuwa Chrysopolis, a ketaren Bosporus daga babban birnin Byzantine, Constantinople, yayin da dakarun sakandare suka kai farmaki a yammacin Asiya Ƙarama tare da fatattakar sojojin Rumawa a can.Da yake Haruna bai yi niyyar kai wa Konstantinoful hari ba kuma ba shi da jiragen ruwa don yin hakan, sai ya koma baya.Rumawa, wadanda a halin da ake ciki sun kawar da rundunar da aka bari domin tabbatar da tsaron bayan sojojin Abbasiyawa a Firijiya, sun sami damar damke sojojin Haruna a tsakanin rundunonin da suka hada kansu.Juyin juyayin Janar Tatzates na Armeniya, duk da haka, ya ba wa Haruna damar sake samun nasara.Yariman Abbasiyawa ya aika da a yi sulhu tare da tsare manyan wakilan Rumawa, wadanda suka hada da babban ministan Empress Irene, Staurakios.Wannan ya tilastawa Irene amincewa da tsagaita wuta na shekaru uku kuma ta yarda ta biya harajin dinari 70,000 ko 90,000 ga Abbasiyawa duk shekara.Daga nan sai Irene ta mayar da hankalinta ga yankin Balkan, amma yaki da Larabawa ya sake komawa a shekara ta 786, har sai da karin matsin lamba na Larabawa ya haifar da wani sulhu a shekara ta 798, bisa sharuddan kwatankwacin na 782.

A farkon 781, Irene ta fara neman kusanci da daular Carolingian da Papacy a Roma.Ta yi shawarwarin aure tsakanin ɗanta Constantine da Rotrude, 'yar Charlemagne ta matarsa ​​ta uku Hildegard.A wannan lokacin Charlemagne yana yaƙi da Saxon, kuma daga baya zai zama sabon sarkin Franks.Irene ta tafi har ta aika wani jami'i don ya koyar da gimbiya Faransanci da harshen Girkanci;duk da haka, Irene da kanta ta yanke wannan yarjejeniya a cikin 787, ba tare da son ɗanta ba.

Majalisar Nicaea ta biyu ta hadu a AZ 787 a Nicaea (wuri na Majalisar farko na Nicaea; İznik na yau a Turkiyya) don maido da amfani da kuma girmama gumaka (ko, hotuna masu tsarki), waɗanda dokar daular a ciki ta hana su. Daular Byzantine a lokacin mulkin Leo III (717-741).Ɗansa, Constantine V (741-775), ya gudanar da Majalisar Hieria don sanya takunkumi a hukumance.

A cikin 787, Charlemagne ya jagoranci hankalinsa zuwa Duchy na Benevento, inda Arechis II ke mulki da kansa tare da ba da kansa na Princeps.Sifen Charlemagne na Salerno ya tilasta Arechis mika wuya.Duk da haka, bayan mutuwar Arechis II a 787, dansa Grimoald III ya yi shelar Duchy na Benevento sabon 'yancin kai.Charles ko sojojin 'ya'yansa sun kai wa Grimoald hari sau da yawa, ba tare da samun nasara takamamme ba.Charlemagne ya rasa sha'awa kuma bai sake komawa Kudancin Italiya ba inda Grimoald ya sami damar kiyaye Duchy daga 'yanci na Faransanci.

A cikin kwata na karshe na karni na 8 Bulgaria ta shawo kan rikicin siyasar cikin gida bayan kawo karshen mulkin Dulo.Khans Telerig da Kardam sun sami damar ƙarfafa ikon tsakiya kuma sun kawo ƙarshen jayayya tsakanin manyan mutane.A ƙarshe 'yan Bulgaria sun sami damar ƙarfafa yaƙin neman zaɓe a Macedonia mai yawan jama'a.A cikin 789 sun kutsa cikin kwarin kogin Struma kuma suka yi galaba a kan Rumawa, suka kashe dabarun Thrace Filites.Saboda ƙaƙƙarfan ƙasa sojojin Rumawa da ke gaba sun karya umarninsa.Yin amfani da wannan kuskuren, Kardam ya ba da umarnin sake kai hari wanda ya kawo wa Bulgarian nasara sosai.Sojojin dawakai na Bulgaria sun zagaya Rumawa suka yanke hanyarsu ta komawa sansaninsu mai kagara da kagara na Marcellae.Bulgarian sun dauki kayayyaki, baitulmali da tantin sarki.Sun kori Constantine VI zuwa Konstantinoful, suka kashe sojoji da yawa.Manyan kwamandoji da hafsoshi da yawa na Rumawa sun mutu a yakin.Bayan shan kashi, Constantine VI ya gama zaman lafiya da Kardam kuma ya biya haraji.

Tawayen Armeniya kan maido da Irene ta Athens a matsayin mai mulki ta Constantine VI.Wani motsi ya haɓaka don goyon bayan kawun Constantine VI, Kaisar Nikephoros.Constantine ya fitar da idon kawun nasa, aka datse harsunan sauran ’yan’uwan mahaifinsa hudu.Magoya bayansa na Armeniya sun yi tawaye bayan ya makantar da Janar Alexios Mosele.Ya murkushe wannan tawaye da tsananin zalunci a cikin 793.

Constantine VI ya saki matarsa ​​Maria ta Amnia, wacce ta kasa ba shi magaji namiji, kuma ya auri farkarsa Theodote, wani abu da ba a so kuma ba bisa ka'ida ba wanda ya haifar da abin da ake kira "Rikicin Moechian".Ko da yake Uban Tarasios bai fito fili ya yi adawa da hakan ba, amma ya ƙi yin auren.Kawun Theodote, Plato na Sakkoudion ya nuna rashin amincewarsa, wanda har ma ya karya haɗin gwiwa da Tarasios saboda matsayinsa.Rashin ƙarfin hali na Plato ya kai ga ɗaure kansa, yayin da aka tsananta wa magoya bayansa na zuhudu kuma aka kai su Tasalonika.The "Moechian Controversy" ya kashe Constantine irin farin jinin da ya bari, musamman a cikin kafa coci, wanda Irene ta kula da nuna goyon baya ga danta.

A ranar 19 ga Agusta 797 aka kama Constantine, ya makanta, kuma magoya bayan mahaifiyarsa, waɗanda suka shirya makirci, suka bar Irene ta zama rawani na farko a matsayin mai mulkin Konstantinoful.Ba a san ainihin lokacin da Konstantin ya mutu ba;tabbas ya kasance kafin 805, kodayake yana iya yiwuwa ya mutu sakamakon raunukan da ya samu jim kadan bayan makanta.Memba na dangin Sarantapechos na siyasa, an zabe ta a matsayin amaryar Leo IV don dalilai da ba a san su ba a cikin 768. Ko da yake mijinta ya kasance dan wasan kwaikwayo, ta kasance da tausayi.A lokacin mulkinta a matsayin mai mulki, ta kira majalisa ta biyu na Nicaea a cikin 787, wanda ya la'anci iconoclam a matsayin bidi'a kuma ya kawo ƙarshen lokacin iconoclast na farko (730-787).

Paparoma Leo III - wanda ya riga ya nemi karya alaka da Gabas ta Byzantine - ya yi amfani da matsayin Irene da ba a taba ganin irinsa ba a matsayin mace mai mulki a Daular Roma don shelar Charlemagne Sarkin Daular Roma Mai Tsarki a ranar Kirsimeti na 800 a karkashin cewa mace ba za ta iya mulki ba. don haka gadon sarautar Daular Roma a zahiri babu kowa.A karon farko cikin shekaru 300, an sami wani sarki na "Gabas" da kuma sarkin "Yamma".

A cikin 802 patricians sun yi mata maƙarƙashiya, suka kore ta a ranar 31 ga Oktoba, kuma suka sanya Nikephoros, ministan kuɗi a kan karagar mulki.An kai Irene gudun hijira zuwa Lesbos kuma an tilasta mata ta tallafa wa kanta ta hanyar ulu.Ta mutu a shekara mai zuwa, a ranar 9 ga Agusta.