Yakin Shekara Talatin

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1618 - 1648

Yakin Shekara Talatin



Yaƙin Shekaru Talatin ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin mafi dadewa kuma mafi muni a tarihin Turai, wanda ya kasance daga 1618 zuwa 1648. An yi yaƙi da farko a tsakiyar Turai, an kiyasta sojoji da fararen hula miliyan 4.5 zuwa 8 sun mutu sakamakon yaƙi, yunwa, da cututtuka. , yayin da wasu yankuna na Jamus ta zamani suka sami raguwar yawan jama'a sama da 50%.Rikicin da ke da alaƙa sun haɗa da Yaƙin Shekaru Tamanin, Yaƙin Nasara na Mantuan, Yaƙin Franco-Spanish, da Yaƙin Maido da Fotigal.Har zuwa karni na 20, masana tarihi gabaɗaya suna kallon yaƙin a matsayin ci gaba na gwagwarmayar addini wanda juyin juya halin ƙarni na 16 ya fara a cikin Daular Roma Mai Tsarki.Amincin Augsburg na 1555 ya yi ƙoƙari ya warware wannan ta hanyar rarraba daular zuwa jihohin Lutheran da Katolika, amma a cikin shekaru 50 masu zuwa fadada Protestantism bayan wadannan iyakoki ya haifar da zaman lafiya.Duk da yake mafi yawan masu sharhi na zamani sun yarda cewa bambance-bambance kan addini da ikon mulkin mallaka sune muhimman abubuwan da suka haifar da yakin, suna jayayya cewa girmansa da girmansa ya haifar da gwagwarmayar rinjaye na Turai tsakanin Habsburg da ke mulkin Spain da Austria, da gidan Faransa na Bourbon.An gano barkewarta gabaɗaya zuwa 1618, lokacin da aka cire Sarki Ferdinand II a matsayin sarkin Bohemia kuma Furotesta Frederick V na Palatinate ya maye gurbinsa.Ko da yake sojojin daular mulkin mallaka da sauri sun murkushe tawayen Bohemian, kasancewar sa ya faɗaɗa yaƙin zuwa cikin Palatinati, wanda mahimmancin dabarunsa ya jawo a cikin Jamhuriyar Holland da Spain, sannan suka shiga yakin shekaru tamanin.Tunda masu mulki irin su Kirista na IV na Denmark da Gustavus Adolphus na Sweden suma suna da yankuna a cikin Daular, hakan ya ba su da sauran kasashen waje uzuri su shiga tsakani, suka mai da rikicin daular cikin gida ya zama babban rikicin Turai.Kashi na farko daga 1618 zuwa 1635 shine farkon yakin basasa tsakanin Jamusawa na Daular Rome Mai Tsarki, tare da goyon bayan kasashen waje.Bayan 1635, daular ta zama gidan wasan kwaikwayo guda ɗaya a cikin gwagwarmayar gwagwarmaya tsakanin Faransa, goyon bayan Sweden, da Sarkin sarakuna Ferdinand III, wanda ke kawance da Spain.Wannan ya ƙare tare da 1648 Aminci na Westphalia, wanda tanadinsa ya haɗa da mafi girman ikon cin gashin kai a cikin Daular don jihohi kamar Bavaria da Saxony, da kuma yarda da 'yancin kai na Holland daga Spain.Ta hanyar raunana Habsburgs dangi da Faransa, rikici ya canza ma'auni na iko na Turai kuma ya kafa matakan yakin Louis XIV.
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Ziyarci Shago

1600 Jan 1

Gabatarwa

Central Europe
Canjin Furotesta ya fara ne a shekara ta 1517, amma tasirinsa ya daɗe.An fara tambayar ikon Cocin Katolika a Turai a karon farko cikin dogon lokaci, kuma nahiyar ta rabu zuwa Katolika da Furotesta.Duk da yake wasu ƙasashe sun fi Furotesta a fili, irin su Ingila da Netherlands , wasu kuma sun kasance masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na Katolika kamarSpain , wasu kuma suna da alamar rarrabuwar kawuna.Sake fasalin Martin Luther ya raba kan sarakunan Jamus a cikin Daular Roman Mai Tsarki , wanda ya haifar da rikici tsakanin sarakunan Katolika na Hapsburg da sarakuna (musamman a arewacin yankin Daular) waɗanda suka karɓi Protestantism.Wannan ya haifar da rikice-rikice da yawa waɗanda suka ƙare tare da Aminci na Augsburg (1555), wanda ya kafa ka'idar cuius regio, eius religio (duk wanda yake mulki, addininsa) a cikin Daular Roman Mai Tsarki.Bisa ga sharuɗɗan Aminci na Augsburg, Sarkin Roma Mai Tsarki ya yi watsi da yancin aiwatar da addini guda a cikin "Daular" kuma kowane basarake zai iya zaɓar tsakanin kafa Katolika ko Lutheranism a cikin ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin ikonsa.
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1618 - 1623
Matakin Bohemianornament
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1618 May 23

Kare na biyu na Prague

Hradčany, Prague 1, Czechia
Kare na biyu na Prague ya kasance muhimmin taron da ya kai ga Yaƙin Shekaru Talatin.Ya faru ne a ranar 23 ga Mayu, 1618, sa’ad da gungun ‘yan tawayen Furotesta suka kori sarakunan Katolika guda biyu da sakatariyarsu daga tagar fadar gwamnatin Bohemian.Wannan wata alama ce ta nuna adawa da masarautar Habsburg ta Katolika da manufofinta na addini a yankin.Masu mulkin sun tsira daga faɗuwar, wanda ya ƙara fusata Furotesta.Nan da nan bayan karewar, yankunan Furotesta da Habsburgs na Katolika sun fara tattara abokan yaƙi.
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Yakin Pilsen
©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1618 Sep 19 - Nov 21

Yakin Pilsen

Plzeň, Czechia
Bayan Kare Prague, sabuwar gwamnatin da aka kafa ta Furotesta da masu mulki sun ba Ernst von Mansfeld umarni a kan dukkan dakarunta.A halin da ake ciki, limaman Katolika da limaman coci sun fara gudu daga ƙasar.An kwashe wasu daga cikin gidajen ibada da kuma gidajen da ba su da ƙarfi kuma ’yan gudun hijirar Katolika sun nufi birnin Pilsen, inda suka yi tunanin cewa za a iya shirya tsaro mai nasara.Garin dai ya shirya tsaf domin yin kawanya na dogon lokaci, amma ba a yi kasa a gwiwa ba wajen kare tsaron, kuma masu tsaron ba su da isassun fodar bindigar da za su iya amfani da su.Mansfeld ya yanke shawarar kwace birnin kafin ’yan Katolika su sami goyon baya daga waje.A ranar 19 ga Satumba 1618 sojojin Mansfeld sun isa wajen birnin.Masu tsaron sun tare kofofin birnin guda biyu sannan na uku kuma an kara musu karfin gwiwa.Sojojin Furotesta sun yi rauni sosai don fara kai farmaki kan katafaren ginin, don haka Mansfeld ya yanke shawarar kwace birnin da yunwa.A ranar 2 ga Oktoba, manyan bindigogin Furotesta sun iso, amma girman da adadin maharban ya yi ƙanƙanta kuma tashin bama-bamai na katangar birnin bai kawo wani tasiri ba.An ci gaba da kawanya, inda Furotesta ke karbar sabbin kayayyaki da kuma daukar ma'aikata a kullum, yayin da masu kare ba su da abinci da alburusai.Har ila yau, babban rijiyar birnin ya lalace kuma ba da dadewa ba ma'ajiyar ruwan sha ta kare.A ƙarshe, a ranar 21 ga Nuwamba, an yi tsaga a bangon kuma sojojin Furotesta sun kwarara cikin birnin.Bayan sa'o'i da yawa na kusantar juna da hannu, duk garin yana hannun Mansfeld.Yaƙin Pilsen shine babban yaƙin farko na Yaƙin Shekaru Talatin.
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Ferdinand ya zama Sarkin Bohemia
Sarki Ferdinand II ©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1619 Mar 20

Ferdinand ya zama Sarkin Bohemia

Bohemia Central, Czechia
A ranar 20 ga Maris 1619 Matthias ya mutu kuma Ferdinand ya zama Sarkin Bohemia kai tsaye.An kuma zaɓi Ferdinand daga baya Sarkin Roma Mai Tsarki a matsayin Ferdinand II.
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Yakin Sablatu
©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1619 Jun 10

Yakin Sablatu

Dříteň, Czechia
Yaƙin Sablat ko Záblatí ya faru ne a ranar 10 ga Yuni 1619, a lokacin Bohemian na Yaƙin Shekaru Talatin.An yi yakin ne tsakanin sojojin Roman Katolika karkashin jagorancin Charles Bonaventure de Longueval, Count of Bucquoy da kuma sojojin Furotesta na Ernst von Mansfeld.Lokacin da Mansfeld ke kan hanyarsa don ƙarfafa Janar Hohenlohe, wanda ke kewaye da Budějovice, Buquoy ya kama Mansfeld kusa da ƙaramin ƙauyen Záblatí, kimanin kilomita 25 (kilomita 16) NW na Budějovice, kuma ya kawo shi yaƙi.Mansfeld ya sha kaye, inda ya yi asarar akalla sojoji 1,500 da jirgin sa na kaya.A sakamakon haka, Bohemians sun ɗaga kewayen Budějovice.
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Yaƙin Wisternitz
©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1619 Aug 5

Yaƙin Wisternitz

Dolní Věstonice, Czechia
Budweis (České Budějovice) na ɗaya daga cikin garuruwa uku da suka kasance da aminci ga Sarki Ferdinand na House Habsburg lokacin da Bohemia ya yi tawaye.Bayan nasarar Habsburg a Sablat, an tilasta wa Bohemians su tayar da kewayen České Budějovice.A ranar 15 ga Yuni 1619, Georg Friedrich na Hohenlohe-Neuenstein-Weikersheim ya koma Soběslav inda ya jira ƙarfafawar Count Heinrich Matthias von Thurn.Bayan da Ferdinand ya kwace iko da wurare masu karfi na kudancin Bohemia, ya aika da sojoji karkashin Dampierre zuwa Moravia, wanda ya zabi bangaren 'yan tawayen Bohemian.Duk da haka, Dampierre ya ci nasara a Dolní Věstonice (Jamus: Wisternitz) da sojojin Moravian karkashin von Tiefenbach (ɗan'uwan Rudolf von Tiefenbach) da Ladislav Velen ze Žerotína a watan Agusta 1619, wanda ya bar Moravia a sansanin Bohemian.An yi yakin Wisternitz ko Dolní Věstonice a ranar 5 ga Agusta 1619 tsakanin sojojin Moravian na Bohemian Confederation karkashin Friedrich von Tiefenbach (Teuffenbach) da sojojin Habsburg karkashin Henri de Dampierre.Yaƙin na Moravia ne.
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Frederick V ya zama Sarkin Bohemia
Frederick V na Palatinate ©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1619 Aug 26

Frederick V ya zama Sarkin Bohemia

Bohemia Central, Czechia

'Yan tawayen Bohemian sun kori Ferdinand a matsayin Sarkin Bohemia kuma suka maye gurbinsa da Palatine Elector Frederick V.

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Yaƙin Humenne
Siege na Vienna ©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1619 Nov 22 - Nov 23

Yaƙin Humenne

Humenné, Slovakia
Yawancin al'ummomi na Daular Roma Mai Tsarki sun ga Yaƙin Shekaru Talatin a matsayin cikakkiyar dama don (sake) samun yancin kansu.Ɗaya daga cikinsu ita ce ƙasar Hungary da Gábor Bethlen, Yariman Transylvania ya jagoranta.Ya shiga Bohemia a cikin Anti-Habsburg Protestant Union.A cikin kankanin lokaci, ya ci arewacin Hungary da Bratislava, kuma a watan Nuwamba ya fara kewaye Vienna - babban birnin kasar Ostiriya da kuma daular Roma mai tsarki.Halin da sarki Ferdinand II ya kasance mai ban mamaki.Sarkin ya aika da wasiƙa zuwa ga Sigismund III na Poland, kuma ya roƙe shi ya yanke layukan da ke Betlen daga Transylvania.Ya kuma aika George Drugeth, kidaya na Homonna - tsohon abokin hamayyar Bethlen, a yanzu Lord Chief Jojin na Royal Hungary - zuwa Poland, don daukar hayar sojoji ga Habsburgs.Ƙasar Poland-Lithuania Commonwealth ba ta son shiga yakin, don haka ya kasance tsaka tsaki.Amma sarkin da yake babban mai goyon bayan Ƙungiyar Katolika da Habsburgs, ya yanke shawarar taimaka wa sarki.Ko da yake ba ya so ya aika da sojoji kai tsaye, ya ƙyale Drugeth ya yi hayar sojojin haya a Poland.Drugeth ya dauki hayar kusan Lisowczycy 8,000 karkashin jagorancin Rogawski, wanda ya shiga cikin nasa maza 3,000.Sojojin da aka hade sun hada da sojoji kusan 11,000, amma wannan adadin yana da sabani.Lisowczycy ta fuskanci gawar George Rákóczi kusa da Humenné a cikin tsaunin Carpathian da yamma a ranar 22 ga Nuwamba.Walenty Rogawski bai samu nasarar rike sojojin doki tare ba kuma ya rabu.Washegari, a ranar 23 ga Nuwamba, Rákóczi ya yanke shawarar aika sojojinsa don su washe sansanin abokan gaba.Yayin da ake yin haka, Rogawski ya tara sojojinsa kuma ya kai wa mutanen Transylvaniyawa ba zato ba tsammani.A cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, dole ne Rákóczi ya sanar da koma baya.Yakin ya samu nasara a hannun Poland.Sa’ad da Betlen ya sami labarin yadda Rákóczi ya sha kaye, dole ne ya wargaza yaƙin, ya tattara sojojinsa kuma ya koma Bratislava, ya aika da sojoji wajen 12,000 zuwa arewacin Hungary karkashin jagorancin George Széchy, domin ya yi yaƙi da Lisowczycy.Ferdinand II ya sanya shi sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar tsagaita wuta kuma a ranar 16 ga Janairu 1620 suka sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya a Pozsony (yanzu Bratislava).Yakin Humenné wani muhimmin bangare ne na yakin yayin da tsoma bakin Poland ya ceci Vienna - babban birnin Daular Roma mai tsarki - daga Transylvania.Shi ya sa wasu majiyoyin Poland suka kira ta agajin Vienna na farko - na biyu shi ne shahararren yakin Vienna a 1683.
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1620 Nov 8

Yakin White Mountain

Prague, Czechia
Sojojin Bohemians 21,000 da sojojin haya a karkashin Kirista na Anhalt sun sha kashi a hannun 23,000 maza na hadakar sojojin Ferdinand II, Sarkin Roman Mai Tsarki, karkashin jagorancin Charles Bonaventure de Longueval, Count of Bucquoy, da Ƙungiyar Katolika ta Jamus a ƙarƙashin Maximilian I, Zaɓe na Bavaria da Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly, a Bílá Hora ("White Mountain") kusa da Prague.Rikicin Bohemian bai yi tsanani ba amma halinsu ya ruguje kuma sojojin Imperial sun mamaye Prague washegari.
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Yakin Mingolsheim
©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1622 Apr 27

Yakin Mingolsheim

Heidelberg, Germany
An yi yakin Mingolsheim a ranar 27 ga Afrilu 1622, kusa da ƙauyen Jamus na Wiesloch, mai tazarar kilomita 23 (mil 14) kudu da Heidelberg, tsakanin sojojin Furotesta a ƙarƙashin Janar von Mansfeld da Margrave na Baden-Durlach da sojojin Katolika na Roman Katolika a ƙarƙashin Count. Tilly.A farkon lokacin bazara na 1621, sojojin haya a ƙarƙashin umarnin Georg Friedrich, Margrave na Baden-Durlach, suka haye kogin Rhine daga Alsace zuwa haɗin gwiwa tare da wani ƙarfi a ƙarƙashin Ernst von Mansfeld.Haɗe, sojojin sun yi niyya don hana haɗin gwiwa tsakanin Count Tilly da Gonzalo Fernández de Cordoba, suna zuwa tare da sojoji 20,000 masu ƙarfi daga Spain ta Netherlands a ƙarƙashin umarnin Janar Ambrosio Spinola.Tilly ya gamu da sojojin Furotesta a bayansa kuma ya tuka shi.Wannan harin ya yi nasara har sai da ya shiga babbar kungiyar Furotesta, sannan kuma aka yi masa tirjiya.Tilly ya ja da baya ya ketare sojojin Furotesta na tsaye don haɗa kai da de Cordoba daga baya a wannan watan.Bayan yaƙin, Mansfeld ya sami kansa a cikin wani yanayi na musamman har sai da sojojin Kirista na Brunswick za su iya zuwa daga arewa.Sojojin biyu za su shiga daga baya a cikin watan a yakin Wimpfen.
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1625 - 1629
Matakin Danishornament
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1625 Jan 1

Tsangwamar Danish

Denmark
Bayan ƙaddamar da Frederick a cikin 1623, John George na Saxony da Calvinist George William, Zaɓaɓɓen Brandenburg ya damu Ferdinand ya yi niyya don dawo da bishop na Katolika na farko a halin yanzu da Furotesta ke riƙe.A matsayin Duke na Holstein, Kirista IV shi ma memba ne na da'irar Lower Saxon, yayin da tattalin arzikin Danish ya dogara da kasuwancin Baltic da kudaden shiga daga zirga-zirga ta Øresund.Ferdinand ya biya Albrecht von Wallenstein don goyon bayansa a kan Frederick tare da kadarorin da aka kwace daga hannun 'yan tawayen Bohemian, kuma yanzu ya ba shi kwangila tare da shi don cin nasara a arewa a kan irin wannan tsari.A cikin Mayu 1625, Lower Saxony kreis sun zaɓi Kirista kwamandan sojansu, ko da yake ba tare da juriya ba;Saxony da Brandenburg sun kalli Denmark da Sweden a matsayin masu fafatawa, kuma suna son gujewa ko dai shiga cikin Daular.Kokarin sasanta rikicin cikin lumana ya ci tura yayin da rikici a Jamus ya zama wani bangare na fafatawar da ake yi tsakanin Faransa da abokan hamayyarsu na Habsburg aSpain da Ostiriya.A cikin watan Yuni na 1624 Yarjejeniyar Compiègne, Faransa ta amince ta ba da tallafi ga yakin Holland da Spain na tsawon shekaru uku, yayin da a cikin watan Disamba na 1625 na Hague, Holland da Ingilishi sun amince da ba da kuɗin shiga Danish a cikin Daular.
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Yaƙin Gadar Dessau
Sojojin Danish suna cajin gada, Yakin Shekaru Talatin- na Kirista Holm ©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1626 Apr 25

Yaƙin Gadar Dessau

Saxony-Anhalt, Germany
Yaƙin Gadar Dessau wani gagarumin yaƙi ne na Yaƙin Shekaru Talatin tsakanin Furotesta na Danish da Dakarun Katolika na Jamus a kan kogin Elbe da ke wajen Dessau, Jamus a ranar 25 ga Afrilu 1626. Wannan yaƙin ƙoƙari ne na Ernst von Mansfeld na haye Dessau. gada domin mamaye hedkwatar sojojin Imperial a Magdeburg, Jamus.Gadar Dessau ita ce kawai hanyar shiga ƙasa tsakanin Magdeburg da Dresden, wanda ya sa ya yi wahala ga Danes su ci gaba.Count of Tilly yana son sarrafa gadar don hana Sarki Christian IV na Denmark samun damar zuwa Kassel da kuma kare yankin Lower Saxon.Sojojin Daular Jamus na Albrecht von Wallenstein sun yi nasara da hannu da hannun dakarun Furotesta na Ernst von Mansfeld a wannan yakin.
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Yakin Lutter
©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1626 Aug 27

Yakin Lutter

Lutter am Barenberge, Lower Sa
Shirin yaƙin neman zaɓe na Kirista na 1626 ya ƙunshi sassa uku;yayin da ya jagoranci babban sojojin yaƙi da Tilly, Ernst von Mansfeld zai kai wa Wallenstein hari, wanda Kirista na Brunswick ya goyi bayan.A cikin lamarin, Mansfeld ya sha kaye a yakin Dessau Bridge a watan Afrilu, yayin da Kirista na Brunswick ya kai hari gaba daya kuma ya mutu da cututtuka a watan Yuni.Ruwan sama mai ƙarfi ya yi nasara da shi, Kirista ya koma sansaninsa a Wolfenbüttel amma ya yanke shawarar tsayawa ya yi yaƙi a Lutter a ranar 27 ga Agusta.Harin da reshensa na dama ya yi ba tare da izini ba ya kai ga ci gaba gabaɗaya wanda aka fatattake shi da hasara mai yawa kuma da yammacin la'asar, sojojin Kirista sun ja da baya.Wasu tuhume-tuhume da sojojin dawakai na Danish suka yi ya ba shi damar tserewa amma a kan kashe akalla kashi 30% na sojojinsa, da manyan bindigogi da kuma mafi yawan jirgin kasa na kaya.Yawancin abokansa na Jamus sun watsar da shi kuma ko da yake yakin ya ci gaba har zuwa yarjejeniyar Lübeck a watan Yuni 1629, shan kashi a Lutter ya kawo karshen fatan Kirista na fadada kayansa na Jamus.
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1628 Jan 1 - 1631

Yakin Magajin Mantuan

Casale Monferrato, Casale Monf
Yaƙin maye gurbin Mantuan (1628-1631) wani rikici ne mai alaƙa na Yaƙin Shekaru Talatin, wanda ya haifar da mutuwar a cikin Disamba 1627 na Vincenzo II, magaji na ƙarshe a layin gidan Gonzaga kai tsaye kuma mai mulkin duchies. Mantua da Montferrat.Waɗannan yankuna sune mabuɗin don sarrafa hanyar Sipaniya, hanya ta kan ƙasa wacce ta ba da damar HabsburgSpain ta motsa ma'aikata da kayayyaki daga Italiya zuwa sojojinsu a Flanders.Sakamakon ya kasance yakin wakili tsakanin Faransa , wanda ya goyi bayan Duke na Nevers haifaffen Faransa, da Spain, wanda ya goyi bayan dan uwansa Duke na Guastalla.Yaƙi ya ta'allaka ne a kan sansanin Casale Monferrato, wanda Mutanen Espanya suka kewaye sau biyu, daga Maris 1628 zuwa Afrilu 1629 da kuma daga Satumba 1629 zuwa Oktoba 1630. Sashin Faransa a madadin Nevers a watan Afrilu 1629 ya jagoranci Sarkin sarakuna Ferdinand II don tallafa wa Spain ta hanyar canja wurin sojojin Imperial daga Arewacin Jamus , wanda ya kama Mantua a watan Yuli 1630. Duk da haka, ƙarfafawa na Faransa ya ba wa Nvers damar ci gaba da rike Casale, yayin da Ferdinand ya janye sojojinsa a matsayin martani ga tsoma bakin Sweden a yakin shekaru talatin, kuma bangarorin biyu sun amince da sulhu a watan Oktoba 1630.Yarjejeniyar Cherasco ta Yuni 1631 ta tabbatar da Nevers a matsayin Duke na Mantua da Montferrat, don samun ƙananan asarar yankuna.Mafi mahimmanci, ya bar Faransa ta mallaki Pinerolo da Casale, mahimman katangarorin da ke sarrafa hanyar wucewa ta Alps kuma suna kare iyakokin kudancin su.Karɓar albarkatun Imperial da Mutanen Espanya daga Jamus ya ba wa Swedes damar kafa kansu a cikin Daular Roman Mai Tsarki kuma shine dalili ɗaya na Yaƙin Shekaru Talatin da ya ci gaba har zuwa 1648.
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Siege na Stralsund
©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1628 May 1 - Aug 4

Siege na Stralsund

Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, German
Siege na Stralsund wani hari ne da Albrecht von Wallenstein na Imperial Army ya yi wa Stralsund a lokacin Yaƙin Shekaru Talatin, daga Mayu zuwa 4 ga Agusta 1628. Denmark da Sweden sun taimaka wa Stralsund, tare da taka rawar Scotland.Ƙaddamar da kewaye ya ƙare jerin nasarorin Wallenstein, kuma ya ba da gudummawa ga faduwarsa.Rundunar sojan Sweden a Stralsund ita ce ta farko a ƙasar Jamus a tarihi.Yaƙin ya nuna alamar ƙofar Sweden cikin yaƙin.
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Yakin Wolgast
Christian IV na Denmark-Norway tare da sojojin ruwa.Zane na Vilhelm Marstrand ya nuna shi a yakin Colberger Heide, 1644. ©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1628 Sep 2

Yakin Wolgast

Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, German
Sojojin Danish na Kirista na IV na Denmark-Norway sun kai hari kan Usedom da yankin da ke kusa, kuma sun kori sojojin mamayar daular.Sojojin Masarautar da Albrecht von Wallenstein ya ba da umarni sun bar Stralsund da ke kewaye don fuskantar Kirista IV.Daga ƙarshe, an ci nasara da sojojin Danish.Kirista IV da wani kaso na rundunar da ya sauka sun iya tserewa ta jirgin ruwa.
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Yarjejeniyar Lübeck
Wallenstein's camp ©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1629 May 22

Yarjejeniyar Lübeck

Lübeck, Germany
A cikin yerjejeniyar Lübeck Christian IV ya ci gaba da riƙe Denmark amma dole ne ya dakatar da goyon bayansa ga jihohin Furotesta na Jamus.Wannan ya bai wa ikon Katolika damar ɗaukar ƙarin ƙasar Furotesta a cikin shekaru biyu masu zuwa.An mayar da ita zuwa Denmark-Norway yankinta na kafin yakin a kan farashin ficewar karshe daga al'amuran daular.
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1630 - 1634
Matsayin Yaren mutanen Swedenornament
Tsangwamar Yaren mutanen Sweden
Gustavus Adolphus ©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1630 Jan 2

Tsangwamar Yaren mutanen Sweden

Sweden
Sarkin Furotesta na Sweden, Gustavus Adolphus, ya yanke shawarar shiga cikin kare Furotesta a Daular Roman Mai Tsarki .Duk da haka, babban ministan Katolika na Faransa da Cardinal Richelieu na Katolika sun kasance cikin fargaba game da karuwar ikon Hapsburgs.Richelieu's ya taimaka wajen yin shawarwarin Truce na Altmark tsakanin Sweden da Yaren mutanen Poland-Lithuanian Commonwealth, ya 'yantar da Gustavus Adolphus don shiga yakin.
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Sojojin Sweden sun sauka a Duchy na Pomerania
Gustavus Adolphus ya sauka a Pomerania, kusa da Peenemünde, 1630 ©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1630 Jun 1

Sojojin Sweden sun sauka a Duchy na Pomerania

Peenemünde, Germany
Sarkin bai yi shela a hukumance na yaƙi da ikon Katolika ba.Bayan harin da aka kai wa Stralsund, abokinsa, ya ji cewa yana da isasshiyar hujjar zuwa kasa ba tare da ya ayyana yaki ba.Yin amfani da Stralsund a matsayin gada, a cikin Yuni 1630 kusan sojojin Sweden 18,000 sun sauka a Duchy na Pomerania.Gustavus ya rattaba hannu kan wata yarjejeniya tare da Bogislaw XIV, Duke na Pomerania, yana tabbatar da bukatunsa a Pomerania a kan Katolika na Poland-Lithuanian Commonwealth, wani dan takarar Baltic da ke da alaƙa da Ferdinand ta dangi da addini.Tsammanin goyon baya da yawa ya zama rashin gaskiya;A ƙarshen 1630, sabuwar abokiyar Sweden tilo ita ce Magdeburg, wadda Tilly ta kewaye.
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Tabbatar da Pomerania
©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1630 Jul 20

Tabbatar da Pomerania

Stettin, Poland
Daga nan sai sarki ya ba da umarnin a inganta tsaro ga Stettin.An tattara dukkan mutanen birnin da na kauye kuma an kammala aikin tsaro cikin gaggawa.
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Yaƙin Frankfurt da der Oder
Yaƙin Frankfurt an der Oder, 1631 ©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1631 Apr 13

Yaƙin Frankfurt da der Oder

Brandenburg, Germany
Yaƙin Frankfurt an yi yaƙi tsakanin Daular Sweden da Daular Roma Mai Tsarki don mahimman dabaru, ƙaƙƙarfan Oder mai tsallaka Frankfurt an der Oder, Brandenburg, Jamus.Garin shi ne birni na farko da Sweden ta kai wa hari a wajen Duchy of Pomerania, inda Sweden ta kafa gada a shekara ta 1630. Bayan sun yi kawanya na kwanaki biyu, sojojin Sweden, waɗanda ke samun goyon bayan ’yan Scotland, sun mamaye garin.Sakamakon ya kasance nasara a Sweden.Tare da izini na gaba na kusa da Landsberg (Warthe) (yanzu Gorzow), Frankfurt ya yi aiki don kare bayan sojojin Sweden lokacin da Gustavus Adolphus na Sweden ya ci gaba zuwa Jamus ta Tsakiya.
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Magajin garin Magdeburg
Sack na Magdeburg - Matan Magdeburg, 1866 zanen Eduard Steinbrück ©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1631 May 20 - May 24

Magajin garin Magdeburg

Saxony-Anhalt, Germany
Bayan watanni biyu na kewaye Pappenheim a ƙarshe ya shawo kan Tilly, wanda ya kawo ƙarfafawa, ya mamaye birnin a ranar 20 ga Mayu tare da mutane 40,000 a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Pappenheim.Mutanen Magdeburg sun yi fatan a banza don harin agaji na Sweden.A rana ta karshe da aka yi wa kawanya, ‘yan majalisar sun yanke shawarar cewa lokaci ya yi da za su kai kara domin a samu zaman lafiya, amma maganar matakin nasu bai kai ga Tilly cikin lokaci ba.Da sanyin safiyar ranar 20 ga watan Mayu ne aka fara kai harin da manyan bindigogi.Ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka, Pappenheim da Tilly suka kaddamar da hare-haren na yara.An karya katangar, kuma sojojin Masarautar sun yi nasarar cin galaba a kan masu tsaron gida don bude kofar Kröcken, wanda ya ba da damar dukan sojojin su shiga cikin birnin don su yi wa ganima.Kare birnin ya kara yin rauni da kuma karaya yayin da sojojin Daular Katolika suka harbe kwamanda Dietrich von Falkenberg.An dauki Buhun Magdeburg a matsayin kisan gilla mafi muni na Yakin Shekaru Talatin wanda ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar kusan 20,000.Magdeburg, a lokacin daya daga cikin manyan biranen Jamus, yana da mazauna sama da 25,000 a 1630, bai dawo da muhimmancinsa ba sai a cikin karni na 18.
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1631 Sep 17

Yaƙin Breitenfeld

Breitenfeld, Leipzig, Germany
An gwabza yakin Breitenfeld a mararraba kusa da Breitenfeld kimanin kilomita 8 arewa maso yamma da birnin Leipzig mai katanga a ranar 17 ga Satumba 1631. Ita ce babbar nasara ta farko ta Furotesta na Yakin Shekaru Talatin.Nasarar ta tabbatar da Gustavus Adolphus na Sweden na House of Vasa a matsayin babban jagorar dabara kuma ya jawo yawancin jihohin Jamus na Furotesta don ƙawance tare da Sweden don adawa da ƙungiyar Katolika ta Jamus, wanda Maximilian I, Zaɓaɓɓen Bavaria, da Sarkin Roma mai tsarki Ferdinand II ke jagoranta.
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Yaren Sweden na Bavaria
©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1632 Mar 1

Yaren Sweden na Bavaria

Bavaria, Germany
A cikin Maris 1632 Sarki Gustavus Adolphus na Sweden ya mamaye Bavaria, tare da sojojin sojojin Sweden da sojojin haya na Jamus.Adolphus ya yi shirin matsar da sojojinsa daidai da kogin Danube, inda ya zarce zuwa gabas don kame garu biranen Ingolstadt, Regensburg, da Passau - domin 'yan kasar Sweden su sami hanyar da za su yi barazana ga Vienna da Sarkin sarakuna.Duk da haka waɗannan garuruwa masu kagara a kan Danube sun fi ƙarfin Adolphus ya ɗauka.
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Yakin Ruwan sama
Duba filin yaƙi daga gabas: Kogin Lech yana gudana daga dama zuwa tsakiya, sannan yana gudana zuwa yamma ( sama) zuwa kogin Donau.Garin babban cibiyar ruwan sama;Garin Donauwörth na saman hagu.Sojojin Sweden suna harbi a kan kogin daga kudu (hagu), mayaƙan sojan Sweden suna haye ta tsakiyar ƙasa.A daya gefen kogin sojojin Masarautar suna ja da baya a arewa (dama) a cikin gajimare na hayaki daga barawon bindigogi. ©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1632 Apr 5

Yakin Ruwan sama

Rain, Swabia, Bavaria, Germany
Ya fi yawa kuma tare da dakaru da yawa da ba su da kwarewa, Tilly ya gina ayyukan tsaro tare da Kogin Lech, wanda ya shafi garin Rain, yana fatan ya jinkirta Gustavus tsawon lokaci don ƙarfafawar Imperial karkashin Albrecht von Wallenstein don isa gare shi.A ranar 14 ga Afrilu, 'yan kasar Sweden sun yi ruwan bama-bamai kan kariyar da manyan bindigogi, sannan suka tsallaka kogin washegari, inda suka yi sanadin mutuwar kusan 3,000, ciki har da Tilly.A ranar 16th, Maximilian na Bavaria ya ba da umarnin ja da baya, ya bar kayansa da bindigogi.Yaƙin ruwan sama ya faru ne a ranar 15 ga Afrilun 1632 kusa da ruwan sama a Bavaria.Sojojin Sweden-Jamus ne suka yi yaƙi da shi a ƙarƙashin Gustavus Adolphus na Sweden, da ƙungiyar Katolika karkashin jagorancin Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly.Yakin ya haifar da nasara a Sweden, yayin da Tilly ya samu mummunan rauni kuma daga baya ya mutu sakamakon raunin da ya samu.Duk da wannan nasarar, an janye Swedes daga sansanonin su a Arewacin Jamus kuma lokacin da Maximilian mai alaƙa da Wallenstein ya sami kansu a cikin Nuremberg.Wannan ya haifar da yaƙi mafi girma a ranar 3 ga Satumba, lokacin da aka fatattaki wani hari da aka kai a sansanin Imperial da ke wajen garin.
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1632 Jul 17 - Sep 18

Siege na Nuremberg

Nuremberg, Germany
A cikin Yuli 1632, maimakon fuskantar manyan manyan sojojin Imperial da na Katolika a karkashin jagorancin Albrecht von Wallenstein da Bavarian Elector Maximilian I, Gustavus Adolphus na Sweden ya ba da umarnin komawa cikin dabara a cikin birnin Nuremberg.Nan da nan sojojin Wallenstein suka fara saka hannun jari a Nuremberg kuma suka kewaye birnin, suna jiran yunwa da annoba don gurgunta sojojin Sweden.Ya kasance da wahala ga maharan su ci gaba da kewayen domin birnin yana da girma kuma yana buƙatar babban ƙarfi don kiyaye kewayen.A sansanin Wallenstein, akwai sojoji 50,000, dawakai 15,000 da mabiya sansanin 25,000.Neman samar da irin wannan babban ƙarfin kewaye ya kasance yana da matuƙar wahala.Sojojin Gustavus sun girma ta hanyar ƙarfafawa daga 18,500 zuwa 45,000 maza tare da bindigogi 175, mafi girma na sojojin da ya taba jagoranci a cikin mutum.Rashin tsaftar tsafta da rashin isassun kayayyaki, bangarorin biyu sun sha fama da yunwa, typhus da scurvy.Don ƙoƙarin warware wannan batu, mutane 25,000 a ƙarƙashin Gustavus sun kai farmaki a cikin yakin Alte Veste a ranar 3 ga Satumba amma sun kasa shiga, sun rasa maza 2,500 idan aka kwatanta da 900 Imperials.Daga ƙarshe dai, yaƙin ya ƙare bayan makonni goma sha ɗaya lokacin da mutanen Sweden da ƙawayensu suka janye.Cutar ta kashe sojojin Sweden 10,000 da sojojin kawance, tare da ƙarin 11,000 da suka gudu.Gustavus ya yi rauni sosai saboda gwagwarmayar har ya aika da shawarwarin zaman lafiya zuwa Wallenstein, wanda ya kore su.
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1632 Sep 16

Yaƙin Lützen

Lützen, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany
Yaƙin Lützen (16 ga Nuwamba 1632) yana ɗaya daga cikin muhimman yaƙe-yaƙe na Yaƙin Shekaru Talatin.Ko da yake asarar sun yi nauyi daidai a bangarorin biyu, yakin ya kasance nasarar Furotesta, amma ya kashe rayuwar daya daga cikin manyan shugabannin Furotesta, Sarkin Sweden Gustavus Adolphus, wanda ya jagoranci Furotesta ya rasa shugabanci.An kuma ji wa Marshal na Imperial Pappenheim rauni sosai.Asarar Gustavus Adolphus ya bar Katolika na Faransa a matsayin mafi rinjaye a bangaren "Protestant" (anti-Habsburg), wanda ya kai ga kafa Ƙungiyar Heilbronn da kuma shigar da Faransa a cikin yakin.Yaƙin ya kasance da hazo, wanda ya mamaye filayen Saxony a safiyar wannan rana.Har ila yau ana amfani da kalmar "Lützendima" (Lützen fog) a cikin yaren Yaren mutanen Sweden domin a kwatanta hazo na musamman.
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Kama da Kisan Wallenstein
Wallenstein ©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1634 Feb 5

Kama da Kisan Wallenstein

Cheb, Czechia
An yi ta yada jita-jita cewa Wallenstein yana shirin sauya sheka.Jinin Eger shine ƙarshen tsarkakewa na ciki a cikin sojojin Daular Roma Mai Tsarki .A ranar 25 ga Fabrairun 1634, gungun jami’an Irish da Scotland da ke aiki a ƙarƙashin amincewar Ferdinand II, Sarkin Roma Mai Tsarki, sun kashe janar Albrecht von Wallenstein da gungun abokansa a garin Eger (yau Cheb, Jamhuriyar Czech).An daidaita wadanda suka yi kisan gilla da wadanda aka kashe ta hanyar dokar sarauta tare da ba su tukuicin dukiyar da aka kwace daga iyalan wadanda aka kashe.An ci gaba da tsarkakewa ta hanyar tsananta wa wasu manyan jami'an soji wadanda ake ganin magoya bayan Wallenstein ne.
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1634 Sep 6

Yaƙin Nördlingen

Nördlingen, Bavaria, Germany
A shekara ta 1634, 'yan Swedes da 'yan uwansu na Furotesta na Jamus sun mamaye yawancin kudancin Jamus kuma sun toshe hanyar Mutanen Espanya, hanyar da Mutanen Espanya ke amfani da su don samar da sojoji da kayayyaki daga Italiya don tallafawa yakin da suke yi da Jamhuriyar Holland.Domin dawo da wannan iko, sojojin Spain karkashin Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand sun haɗa kai da rundunar Imperial karkashin jagorancin Ferdinand na Hungary kusa da garin Nördlingen, wanda ke hannun sojojin Sweden.Sojojin Sweden-Jamus da Gustav Horn da Bernhard na Saxe-Weimar ke jagoranta sun yi tattaki don jin daɗinsu amma sun yi la'akari da adadi da ƙimar sojojin Imperial-Spanish da ke fuskantar su.A ranar 6 ga Satumba, Horn ya kaddamar da jerin hare-hare kan ayyukan kasa da aka gina a kan tsaunuka zuwa kudancin Nördlingen, wadanda aka fatattake su.Lambobi masu girma suna nufin kwamandojin Mutanen Espanya-Imperial na iya ci gaba da ƙarfafa matsayinsu kuma Horn ya fara ja da baya.Yayin da suke yin haka, sojojin dawakai na Imperial sun yi waje da su kuma sojojin Furotesta sun rushe.Cin nasara yana da tasiri mai nisa na yanki da dabaru;Swedes sun janye daga Bavaria kuma a karkashin sharuddan zaman lafiya na Prague a watan Mayu 1635, abokansu na Jamus sun yi sulhu da Sarkin sarakuna Ferdinand II.Faransa, wacce a baya ta keɓe kanta don ba da tallafin Swedes da Dutch, a hukumance ta zama ƙawance kuma ta shiga yaƙi a matsayin mai fafutuka.
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1635 - 1646
Matakin Faransanciornament
Faransa ta shiga yakin
Hoton Cardinal Richelieu 'yan watanni kafin mutuwarsa ©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1635 Apr 1

Faransa ta shiga yakin

France
Mummunan shan kashi a Sweden a Nördlingen a watan Satumba 1634 ya yi barazanar shiga su, wanda ya jagoranci Faransa ta shiga tsakani kai tsaye.A karkashin yerjejeniyar Compiègne ta Afrilu 1635 da Axel Oxenstierna, Richelieu ya amince da sabon tallafi ga Swedes.Ya kuma dauki hayar sojojin haya karkashin jagorancin Bernhard na Saxe-Weimar don kai hari a Rhineland kuma ya ayyana yaki aSpain a watan Mayu, wanda ya fara yakin Franco-Spanish daga 1635 zuwa 1659.
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Faransa ta mamaye Spain ta Netherlands
Sojojin Faransa na sace wani kauye ©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1635 May 1

Faransa ta mamaye Spain ta Netherlands

Netherlands

Bayan mamaye ƙasar Spain ta Netherlands a watan Mayu 1635, sojojin Faransa marasa kayan aiki sun ruguje, suna fama da rauni 17,000 daga cututtuka da ƙaura.

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Aminci na Prague
Aminci na Prague ©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1635 May 30

Aminci na Prague

Prague Castle, Masarykova, Rud
Amincin Prague ya kawo karshen sa hannun Saxony a cikin Yaƙin Shekaru Talatin.Sharuɗɗan daga baya za su zama tushen 1648 Aminci na Westphalia.Sauran sarakunan Jamus sun shiga yarjejeniyar kuma ko da yake yakin shekaru talatin ya ci gaba, an amince da Prague ya ƙare a matsayin yakin basasa na addini a cikin Daular Roman Mai Tsarki.Bayan haka, ƙasashen waje ne suka jagoranci rikicin, ciki har daSpain , Sweden, da Faransa .
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Spain ta mamaye Arewacin Faransa
Sojoji sun kai wa matafiya hari, Vrancx, 1647. Lura da ɓarna a bango;a cikin 1640s, karancin kayayyaki da kayan abinci ga dawakai sun iyakance kamfen na soja ©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1636 Jan 1

Spain ta mamaye Arewacin Faransa

Corbie, France
Harin Mutanen Espanya a 1636 ya kai Corbie a Arewacin Faransa;ko da yake ya haifar da firgici abirnin Paris , rashin kayan aiki ya tilasta musu ja da baya, kuma ba a sake yin hakan ba.
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Faransa ta shiga yakin a hukumance
Cardinal Richelieu a Siege na La Rochelle ©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1636 Mar 1

Faransa ta shiga yakin a hukumance

Wismar, Germany

A cikin Maris 1636 Yarjejeniyar Wismar, Faransa ta shiga cikin Yaƙin Shekaru Talatin a ƙawance da Sweden;

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Yaƙin Wittstock
Yaƙin Wittstock ©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1636 Oct 4

Yaƙin Wittstock

Wittstock/Dosse, Germany
Sarkin Roma mai tsarki, tare da abokansa na Saxon da Roman Katolika, sun yi gwagwarmaya don mamaye arewacin Jamus da Swedes da kuma kawancen yariman Furotesta masu adawa da mulkin Habsburg.Sojojin Imperial sun fi na Sweden girma da ƙarfi fiye da sojojin Sweden, amma aƙalla kashi ɗaya bisa uku na sa sun ƙunshi sassan Saxon masu inganci.Sojojin Sweden sun fi ƙarfin gaske, wanda ya jagoranci kwamandojin Imperial don kula da mafi girman matsayi na tsaro a kan tudu.Sojojin da ke kawance da Sweden wanda Johan Banér da Alexander Leslie suka ba da umarnin hadin gwiwa, daga baya 1st Earl na Leven ya yi nasara a kan hadakar sojojin Imperial-Saxon, karkashin jagorancin Count Melchior von Hatzfeld da Saxon Elector John George I.
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Yaƙin farko da na biyu na Rheinfelden
©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1638 Feb 28

Yaƙin farko da na biyu na Rheinfelden

near Rheinfelden, Germany
Bayan da aka tura shi zuwa gabar yammacin Rhine ta hanyar Imperial, sojojin Bernhard sun zauna a Alsace a lokacin 1635 kuma sun yi kadan sai dai taimakawa wajen kawar da mamayewar Faransa a karkashin Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand da Matthias Gallas a 1636.A farkon Fabrairu 1638, bayan da gwamnatin Faransa ta ba Bernhard, ya ci gaba da sojojinsa na mutane 6,000 da bindigogi 14 zuwa Rhine don samun hanyar wucewa.Lokacin da ya isa wani muhimmin mashigar da ke garin Rheinfelden, Bernhard ya shirya zuba jari a garin daga kudu.Don hana hakan, 'yan mulkin mallaka, karkashin sojojin hayar Italiya Count Federico Savelli da Janar Johann von Werth na Jamus, sun ratsa cikin dajin Black Forest don kai hari ga sojojin Bernhard tare da sassauta garin.An doke Bernhard a yakin farko amma ya yi nasarar kame Werth da Savelli a karo na biyu.
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Siege na Breisach
Mutuwar Gustavus a Lützen na Carl Wahlbom (1855) ©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1638 Aug 18

Siege na Breisach

Breisach am Rhein, Germany
An yi yakin Breisach a ranar 18 ga Agusta - 17 Disamba 1638 a zaman wani bangare na Yakin Shekaru Talatin.Ya ƙare bayan wasu yunƙurin agaji da ba su yi nasara ba da sojojin Imperial suka yi tare da mika wuya ga rundunar sojan Imperial ga Faransa, wanda Bernard na Saxe-Weimar ya umarta.Ya tabbatar da ikon Faransanci na Alsace kuma ya yanke hanyar Mutanen Espanya.
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Yaƙin Downs
Kafin Yaƙin Downs ta Reinier Nooms, kusan 1639, wanda ke nuna katangar Dutch daga gabar tekun Ingilishi, jirgin da aka nuna shine Aemilia, tutar Tromp. ©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1639 Oct 21

Yaƙin Downs

near the Downs, English Channe
Shigar Faransa cikin Yaƙin Shekaru Talatin ya toshe hanyar "Hanyar Mutanen Espanya" zuwa Flanders.Don tallafa wa sojojin Spain na Flanders na Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand, sojojin ruwan Spain dole ne su yi jigilar kayayyaki ta teku ta Dunkirk, tashar jiragen ruwa na karshe daMutanen Espanya ke sarrafawa a gabar Tekun Arewa.A cikin bazara na 1639, Count-Duke na Olivares ya ba da umarnin ginawa da taron sabon jirgin ruwa a A Coruña don sabon taimako ga Dunkirk.An hada jiragen yaki 29 a cikin runduna hudu, ba da dadewa ba wasu karin jiragen ruwa 22 (kuma a cikin tawagogi hudu) daga jiragen ruwa na Sipaniya.Jiragen jigilar kaya na Ingila goma sha biyu ma sun iso, wadanda aka ba da kwangilar daukar sojojin Spain a karkashin tutar Ingila na tsaka mai wuya.Daga hanyoyin sadarwa na leken asiri, Dutch din sun koyi cewa jiragen ruwa na Sipaniya na iya yin ƙoƙarin yin makamin da aka fi sani da The Downs, a bakin tekun Ingilishi, tsakanin Dover da Deal.Yaƙin na ruwa na Downs ya kasance babban cin nasara ga Mutanen Espanya, ta Lardunan Ƙasar Netherlands , wanda Laftanar-Admiral Maarten Tromp ya umarta.
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Yaƙin Wolfenbüttel
Yaƙin Wolfenbüttel ©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1641 Jun 29

Yaƙin Wolfenbüttel

Wolfenbüttel, Germany
Yakin Wolfenbüttel (29 ga Yuni 1641) ya faru ne a kusa da garin Wolfenbüttel, a yankin da ake kira Lower Saxony a yanzu, a lokacin Yaƙin Shekaru Talatin.Dakarun Sweden karkashin jagorancin Carl Gustaf Wrangel da Hans Christoff von Königsmarck da Bernardines karkashin jagorancin Jean-Baptiste Budes, Comte de Guébriant sun yi tir da farmakin da sojojin Imperial karkashin jagorancin Archduke Leopold Wilhelm na Austriya suka yi, lamarin da ya tilastawa sarakunan ja da baya.
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Yakin Kamfen
An zana Merian na "Yaƙin Kempener Heide" ©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1642 Jan 17

Yakin Kamfen

Kempen, Germany

Yakin Kempen yaki ne a lokacin Yaƙin Shekaru Talatin a Kempen, Westphalia a ranar 17 ga Janairu 1642. Ya haifar da nasara ga sojojin Faransa-Weimar-Hessian a ƙarƙashin Comte de Guébriant na Faransa da Hessian Janar Kaspar Graf von Eberstein da yaƙi. Sojojin Imperial karkashin Janar Guillaume de Lamboy, wanda aka kama.

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Yaƙin na biyu na Breitenfeld
Yaƙin Breitenfeld 1642 ©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1642 Oct 23

Yaƙin na biyu na Breitenfeld

Breitenfeld, Leipzig, Germany

Yaƙin Breitenfeld na Biyu ya kasance gagarumin nasara ga sojojin Sweden a ƙarƙashin umurnin Field Marshal Lennart Torstenson a kan Rundunar Sojojin Daular Roma Mai Tsarki ƙarƙashin jagorancin Archduke Leopold Wilhelm na Austriya da mataimakinsa, Yarima-Janar Ottavio Piccolomini, Duke. ta Amalfi.

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'Yan Sweden sun kama Leipzig
©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1642 Dec 1

'Yan Sweden sun kama Leipzig

Leipzig, Germany

Swedes sun kama Leipzig a watan Disamba, inda suka ba su sabon tushe a Jamus, kuma ko da yake sun kasa daukar Freiberg a watan Fabrairun 1643, an rage sojojin Saxon zuwa wasu 'yan garrisons.

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1643 May 19

Yakin Rocroi

Rocroi, France
Yakin Rocroi, wanda aka yi a ranar 19 ga Mayu, 1643, babban hadi ne na Yakin Shekaru Talatin.An gwabza tsakanin sojojin Faransa karkashin jagorancin Duke na Enghien mai shekaru 21 (wanda aka fi sani da Great Condé) da sojojin Spain karkashin Janar Francisco de Melo, kwanaki biyar kacal bayan hawan Louis XIV kan karagar Faransa. rasuwar mahaifinsa.Rocroi ya wargaza tatsuniyar rashin nasara na Mutanen Espanya Tercios, rundunonin sojoji masu ban tsoro waɗanda suka mamaye fagen yaƙi na Turai shekaru 120 da suka gabata.Don haka ana ɗaukar yaƙin a matsayin ƙarshen girman sojojin Spain da farkon mulkin Faransa a Turai.Bayan Rocroi, Mutanen Espanya sun watsar da tsarin Tercio kuma sun karbi koyaswar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru da Faransanci ke amfani da su.Makonni uku bayan Rocroi, Ferdinand ya gayyaci Sweden da Faransa don halartar shawarwarin zaman lafiya a garuruwan Münster da Osnabrück na Westphalian, amma tattaunawar ta ci tura sa’ad da Kirista ɗan Denmark ya tare Hamburg da ƙarin biyan kuɗi a yankin Baltic.
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Torstenson War
Sigewar Brno a 1645, da sojojin Sweden da na Transylvanian karkashin jagorancin Torstenson ©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1643 Dec 1

Torstenson War

Denmark-Norway
Denmark ta janye daga yakin shekaru talatin a cikin yarjejeniyar Lübeck (1629).Bayan nasarar da ta samu a yakin, Sweden ta ji cewa dole ne ta kai wa Denmark hari saboda kyakkyawan matsayinta na yanki dangane da Sweden.Sweden ta mamaye a cikin gajeren yakin shekaru biyu.A cikin Yarjejeniya ta Biyu ta Brömsebro (1645), wacce ta kammala yaƙin, Denmark dole ne ta ba da izinin yanki mai yawa kuma ta keɓe Sweden daga Kuɗin Sauti, wanda ya yarda da ƙarshen Danish dominium maris baltici.Ƙoƙarin Danish na mayar da wannan sakamakon a yaƙe-yaƙe na Arewa na Biyu, Scanian da Manyan Arewa ya ci tura.
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1644 Aug 3 - Aug 9

Yaƙin Freiburg

Baden-Württemberg, Germany
Yaƙin Freiburg ya faru ne tsakanin Faransawa, wanda ya ƙunshi sojoji 20,000, ƙarƙashin jagorancin Louis II de Bourbon, Duc d'Enghien, da Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne, Viscount de Turenne, da sojojin Bavarian-Imperial. na maza 16,800 karkashin Field Marshal Franz von Mercy.A ranakun 3 da 5 ga watan Agusta, Faransawa sun yi rauni sosai duk da cewa suna da adadi mai yawa.A ranar 9 ga wata, sojojin Turenne sun yi kokarin kai wa Bavarians hari ta hanyar zuwa Glottertal ta Betzenhausen suka yanke kayansu, yayin da Mercy ta koma St. Peter inda suka fuskanci juna.'Yan Bavaria sun dakile harin da sojojin Faransa suka kai musu inda suka ja da baya a yayin da suka bar wasu sassan kayansu da manyan bindigogi.Bayan da aka samu hasarar rayuka da dama daga bangarorin biyu, bangaren Faransa ya yi ikirarin samun nasara saboda ja da baya na Bavaria amma kuma ana kallon yakin a matsayin yin kunnen doki ko kuma nasarar dabarar Bavaria yayin da sojojin Faransa suka yi asarar rayuka da dama tare da gaza cimma burinsu na sassautawa ko mayar da martani. Freiburg.Koyaya, Faransa ta sami fa'ida ta dabara a cikin yaƙin neman zaɓe na gaba ta barin Freiburg ta kasance tare da isa yankin Upper Rhine da ba a tsare shi ba kafin Rahama kuma sakamakon cin nasara da manyan sassansa.An ci gaba da gwabza fada tsakanin Faransa da Bavaria, wanda ya kai ga yakin Herbsthausen da Nördlingen a shekara ta 1645. Wannan jerin fadace-fadacen da aka yi tun daga Tuttlingen 1643 sun nuna an kusa kawo karshen yakin shekaru talatin.Babban hasarar da aka sha a Freiburg ya raunana bangarorin biyu kuma sun kasance babban abin da ya kai ga yakin Nördlingen, inda aka kashe Von Mercy.Magada Rahamar ba su da kwarewa da kwarewa kamar yadda ya kasance, wanda ya haifar da Bavaria ta sha wahala da yawa a cikin shekaru masu zuwa.Maximilian, a cikin farkawa na mummunan mamayewa na 1646 na ɗan lokaci ya janye daga yaƙin a cikin Truce na Ulm 1647.
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1645 Mar 6

Yakin Jankau

Jankov, Czech Republic
Yakin Jankau na daya daga cikin manyan fadace-fadacen karshe na yakin shekaru 1618 zuwa 1648, an gwabza tsakanin sojojin Sweden da na Masarautar kasar, wanda kowanne ya kunshi mutane kusan 16,000.Mafi wayar tafi da gidanka kuma mafi kyawun jagoranci Swedes karkashin Lennart Torstensson ya lalata abokan adawar su yadda ya kamata, wanda Melchior von Hatzfeldt ya umarta.Duk da haka, barnar da rikice-rikicen shekaru da yawa suka haifar ya sa sojojin sun kashe yawancin lokacinsu don samun kayayyaki, kuma Swedes ba su iya cin gajiyar su ba.Sojojin daular mulkin mallaka sun sake samun iko da Bohemia a cikin 1646, amma yakin basasa a Rhineland da Saxony ya bayyana a fili cewa babu wani bangare da ke da karfi ko albarkatu don gabatar da maganin soja.Ko da yake an ci gaba da gwabzawa yayin da mahalarta ke ƙoƙarin inganta matsayinsu, hakan ya ƙara yin gaggawar yin shawarwarin da ya ƙare a 1648 Aminci na Westphalia.
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1645 Aug 3

Yaƙin Nördlingen na biyu

Alerheim, Germany
Sarakuna da babban abokinsu na Jamus Bavaria na fuskantar matsin lamba mai tsanani a yakin daga Faransawa, Swedes da abokansu na Furotesta kuma suna ta fafutukar hana yunkurin Faransa na shiga Bavaria.An yi yakin Nördlingen na biyu a ranar 3 ga Agusta, 1645 kudu maso gabashin Nördlingen kusa da ƙauyen Alerheim.Faransa da kawayenta na Jamusawa na Furotesta sun fatattaki sojojin Daular Roma mai tsarki da kuma abokanta na Bavaria.
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1648 May 17

Yaƙin Zusmarshausen

Zusmarshausen, Germany
An yi yakin Zusmarshausen a ranar 17 ga Mayu 1648 tsakanin sojojin Bavarian-Imperial karkashin von Holzappel da sojojin kawancen Franco-Swedish da ke karkashin jagorancin Turenne a gundumar Augsburg na zamani na Bavaria, Jamus.Sojojin da ke kawance sun yi nasara, kuma sojojin Imperial ne kawai aka kubutar da su daga halaka ta hanyar yakin basasa na Raimondo Montecuccoli da mayaƙansa.Zusmarshausen shi ne babban yaki na karshe na yakin da aka yi a kasar Jamus, kuma shi ne yaki mafi girma (dangane da adadin mutanen da abin ya shafa; wadanda aka kashe ba su da sauki) da aka yi a cikin shekaru uku na karshe na fada.
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Yaƙin Prague
Yaƙi a kan Charles Bridge ©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1648 Jul 25

Yaƙin Prague

Prague, Czechia
Yaƙin Prague, wanda ya faru tsakanin 25 ga Yuli zuwa 1 ga Nuwamba, 1648 shine aikin ƙarshe na Yaƙin Shekaru Talatin.Yayin da ake ci gaba da yin shawarwarin zaman lafiya na Westphalia, 'yan kasar Sweden sun yi amfani da damar da suka samu wajen yin kamfen na karshe a Bohemia.Babban sakamakon, kuma mai yiwuwa babban makasudin, shine a kwato tarin tarin fasaha da Rudolph II, Sarkin Roma Mai Tsarki (1552-1612) ya tattara a cikin Prague Castle, wanda aka ɗauke shi daga Elbe a cikin jiragen ruwa kuma aka tura shi zuwa Sweden.Bayan da 'yan Sweden suka mamaye babban ginin da kuma yammacin bankin Vltava na wasu watanni, 'yan Sweden sun janye lokacin da labarin rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar ya iso gare su.Wannan dai shi ne babban karo na karshe na yakin shekaru talatin, wanda ya faru a birnin Prague, inda aka fara yakin tun shekaru 30 da suka gabata.
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1648 Aug 20

Yakin Lens

Lens, Pas-de-Calais, France
A cikin shekaru hudu bayan nasarar da Faransa ta yi a Rocroi a kan sojojinSpain na Flanders, Faransa ta kama garuruwa da dama a arewacin Faransa da Netherlands na Spain.Archduke Leopold Wilhelm an nada shi gwamnan kasar Sipaniya a cikin 1647 don karfafa kawancen Habsburg na Spain da Ostiriya, kuma ya fara kai hari a wannan shekarar.Sojojin Spain sun fara samun nasarar kwato katangar Armentières, Comines da Landrecies.An tuno da Yarima de Condé daga wani kamfen da bai yi nasara ba a Kataloniya a kan Mutanen Espanya kuma ya nada kwamandan sojojin Faransa 16,000 a gaban sojojin Spain na Archduke da Janar Jean de Beck, gwamnan Luxembourg.Condé ya kama Ypres amma sai sojojin Spain-Jamus mai ƙarfi 18,000 suka kewaye Lens.Condé ya ci gaba da saduwa da su.A cikin Yaƙin Lens da ya biyo baya, Condé ya tunzura Mutanen Espanya don ba da matsayi mai ƙarfi na tudu don buɗe fili, inda ya yi amfani da horo da ƙarfin yaƙi na kusa da sojan dokinsa don caje da korar dokin Walloon-Lorrainer a kan Mutanen Espanya. fuka-fuki.Dakarun Faransa da ke tsakiyar cibiyar sun fuskanci kakkausar murya daga cibiyar kasar Spain, inda suka yi tafka asara mai yawa amma suka ci gaba da rike madafun iko.Sojojin Faransa a kan fuka-fuki, waɗanda aka 'yantar da su daga kowane adawa, sun kewaye su kuma sun caje cibiyar Mutanen Espanya, wanda ya yi sauri.Mutanen Espanya sun rasa rabin sojojinsu, wasu mazaje 8,000–9,000 wadanda 3,000 aka kashe ko suka jikkata sannan aka kama 5,000–6,000, bindigogi 38, tutoci 100 tare da tutoci da kayansu.Asarar Faransa 1,500 ne aka kashe da kuma jikkata.Nasarar Faransa ta ba da gudummawa ga rattaba hannu kan Amincin Westphalia amma fashewar tawayen Fronde ya hana Faransa yin amfani da nasarar da suka samu a kan Mutanen Espanya.
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Yarjejeniyar Westphalia
Aminci na Westphalia ©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1648 Oct 24

Yarjejeniyar Westphalia

Osnabrück, Germany
Amincin Westphalia shine sunan gamayya na yarjejeniyoyin zaman lafiya guda biyu da aka rattaba hannu a watan Oktoba 1648 a garuruwan Westphalian Osnabrück da Münster.Sun kawo ƙarshen Yaƙin Shekaru Talatin kuma sun kawo zaman lafiya a Daular Roma Mai Tsarki, inda suka rufe wani bala'i na tarihin Turai wanda ya kashe kusan mutane miliyan takwas.
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1648 Dec 1

Epilogue

Central Europe
An yi nuni da cewa rugujewar zamantakewar al'umma da yakin ya haifar ya kasance mafi mahimmanci kuma yana dadewa fiye da lalacewa nan take.Rugujewar kananan hukumomi ya haifar da manoma marasa kasa, wadanda suka hada kai don kare kansu daga sojojin bangarorin biyu, sannan suka haifar da tarzoma a Upper Austria, Bavaria da Brandenburg.Sojoji sun lalata wani yanki kafin su ci gaba, inda suka bar filayen da babu kowa a cikin jama'a tare da canza yanayin muhalli.Karancin abinci ya ta'azzara saboda fashewa a cikin yawan rodents, yayin da kerkeci suka mamaye Bavaria a cikin hunturu na 1638, kuma fakitin aladun daji suka lalata amfanin gonakinta a cikin bazara mai zuwa.Aminci na Westphalia ya sake tabbatar da "'Yancin Jamus", ya kawo karshen ƙoƙarin Habsburg na mai da Daular Roma Mai Tsarki zuwa wata ƙasa mai ƙarfi kamarSpain .A cikin shekaru 50 masu zuwa, Bavaria, Brandenburg-Prussia, Saxony da sauransu sun ƙara bin manufofinsu, yayin da Sweden ta sami gindin zama na dindindin a Daular.Duk da waɗannan koma baya, ƙasashen Habsburg sun sha wahala kaɗan daga yaƙi fiye da sauran da yawa kuma sun zama ƙungiyar da ta fi dacewa tare da shan Bohemia, da maido da addinin Katolika a duk yankunansu.Za a iya cewa Faransa ta samu fiye da yadda aka yi yaƙin shekaru talatin fiye da kowane iko;zuwa 1648, an cimma yawancin manufofin Richelieu.Waɗannan sun haɗa da rabuwa da Habsburgs na Sipaniya da Ostiriya, faɗaɗa iyakar Faransa zuwa Masarautar, da kawo ƙarshen ikon sojan Spain a Arewacin Turai.Ko da yake rikicin Franco-Spanish ya ci gaba har zuwa 1659, Westphalia ta yarda Louis XIV ya fara maye gurbin Spain a matsayin babban ikon Turai.Yayin da bambance-bambance a kan addini ya kasance batu a cikin karni na 17, shi ne babban yaki na karshe a nahiyar Turai wanda za a iya cewa shi ne direba na farko.Ya haifar da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun Turai wanda ya dawwama har zuwa 1815 da kuma bayan;kasa-kasa ta Faransa, farkon hadaddiyar Jamus da raba kungiyar Austro-Hungary, raguwa amma har yanzu Spain mai mahimmanci, ƙananan ƙasashe masu zaman kansu kamar Denmark, Sweden da Switzerland, tare da Ƙasashen Ƙasashen da suka rabu tsakanin Jamhuriyar Holland da abin da ya zama. Belgium a 1830.
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Appendices



APPENDIX 1

Gustavus Adolphus: 'The Father Of Modern Warfare


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APPENDIX 2

Why the Thirty Years' War Was So Devastating?


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APPENDIX 3

Field Artillery | Evolution of Warfare 1450-1650


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APPENDIX 4

Europe's Apocalypse: The Shocking Human Cost Of The Thirty Years' War


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Characters



Ottavio Piccolomini

Ottavio Piccolomini

Imperial Field Marshal

Archduke Leopold Wilhelm

Archduke Leopold Wilhelm

Austrian Archduke

Maarten Tromp

Maarten Tromp

Dutch General / Admiral

Ernst von Mansfeld

Ernst von Mansfeld

German Military Commander

Gaspar de Guzmán

Gaspar de Guzmán

Spanish Prime Minister

Gottfried Heinrich Graf zu Pappenheim

Gottfried Heinrich Graf zu Pappenheim

Field Marshal of the Holy Roman Empire

Alexander Leslie

Alexander Leslie

Swedish Field Marshal

Cardinal Richelieu

Cardinal Richelieu

First Minister of State

Gustavus Adolphus

Gustavus Adolphus

King of Sweden

Albrecht von Wallenstein

Albrecht von Wallenstein

Bohemian Military leader

George I Rákóczi

George I Rákóczi

Prince of Transylvania

Melchior von Hatzfeldt Westerwald

Melchior von Hatzfeldt Westerwald

Imperial Field Marshal

Johan Banér

Johan Banér

Swedish Field Marshal

Johann Tserclaes

Johann Tserclaes

Count of Tilly

Ferdinand II

Ferdinand II

Holy Roman Emperor

Martin Luther

Martin Luther

German Priest

John George I

John George I

Elector of Saxony

Louis XIII

Louis XIII

King of France

Bogislaw XIV

Bogislaw XIV

Duke of Pomerania

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