Daular Byzantine: Daular Amoriya

Michael II Amorian, wanda ake yi wa lakabi da Stammerer, ya yi sarauta a matsayin Sarkin Bizantine daga 25 ga Disamba 820 zuwa mutuwarsa a ranar 2 ga Oktoba 829, mai mulkin farko na daular Amoriya.An haife shi a Amorium, Michael soja ne, ya kai matsayi mai girma tare da abokin aikinsa Leo V the Armenian (r. 813-820).Ya taimaki Leo ya hambare kuma ya maye gurbin Sarkin sarakuna Michael I Rangabe.Duk da haka, bayan sun fashe Leo ya yanke wa Michael hukuncin kisa.Daga nan sai Michael ya ƙulla wani makirci wanda ya haifar da kashe Leo a Kirsimeti a shekara ta 820. Nan da nan ya fuskanci doguwar tawaye na Thomas the Slav, wanda ya kusan kashe shi ga kursiyinsa kuma ba a kashe shi gaba ɗaya ba har sai bazara na 824. Shekarun mulkinsa sun kasance alama ce ta shekaru masu zuwa. manyan bala'o'i biyu na soji waɗanda suka yi tasiri na dogon lokaci: farkon mamayar musulmi na Sicily, da asarar Crete ga Sarakunan.A cikin gida, ya goyi baya da ƙarfafa sake dawowa da ikon mallakar hukuma, wanda ya sake farawa ƙarƙashin Leo V.

Bayan kisan Leo da kuma cin sarautar da Michael the Amorian ya yi, Thomas ya yi tawaye, yana da'awar sarauta ga kansa.Toma cikin sauri ya sami goyon baya daga mafi yawan jigogi (larduna) da sojoji a Asiya Ƙarama, ya ci nasara kan harin farko na Mika'ilu kuma ya kulla kawance da Halifancin Abbasiyawa.Bayan ya ci nasara a kan jigogi na teku da jiragen ruwa kuma, ya haye tare da sojojinsa zuwa Turai kuma ya kewaye Konstantinoful.Babban birnin daular ya yi tir da hare-haren da Thomas ke kaiwa ta kasa da ruwa, yayin da Michael II ya bukaci taimako daga shugaban kasar Bulgeriya khan Omurtag.Omurtag ya kai hari ga sojojin Thomas, amma ko da yake sun fatattaki 'yan Bulgarian sun yi wa mutanen Thomas rauni sosai, wadanda suka karya suka gudu lokacin da Michael ya kai filin wasa bayan 'yan watanni.Thomas da magoya bayansa sun nemi mafaka a Arcadiopolis, inda nan da nan sojojin Michael suka tare shi.A ƙarshe, magoya bayan Thomas sun mika shi don neman afuwa, kuma aka kashe shi.Tawayen Thomas na daya daga cikin mafi girma a tarihin Daular Rumawa, amma ba a san takamaiman yanayinsa ba saboda gasa da labaran tarihi, wadanda suka hada da ikirarin da Mika'ilu ya kirkira don bata sunan abokin hamayyarsa.

A cikin 823, ƙungiyar 'yan gudun hijirar Andalusian sun sauka a Crete kuma suka fara cin nasara.A al'adance an bayyana su a matsayin wadanda suka tsira daga boren da bai yi nasara ba a kan sarki al-Hakam I na Cordoba a shekara ta 818. Da zarar sarki Mika'ilu na biyu ya sami labarin saukar Larabawa, kuma kafin Andalusiyawa sun tabbatar da ikonsu a kan tsibirin baki daya, ya ya mayar da martani kuma ya aika da balaguro na gaba don kwato tsibirin.Asarar da aka sha a lokacin tawaye na Thomas da Slav ya hana Byzantium ikon mayar da martani, duk da haka, kuma idan saukowa ya faru a 827/828, karkatar da jiragen ruwa da maza don magance cin zarafi na Sicily da Aghlabids na Tunisiya ya yi.Tafiyar farko, karkashin Photeinos, dabarun Jigo na Anatolic, da Damian, Count of Stable, an ci nasara a yakin bude baki, inda aka kashe Damian.An aika balaguro na gaba shekara guda kuma ya ƙunshi jiragen ruwa 70 a ƙarƙashin dabarun Cibyrrhaeots Krateros.Da farko an yi nasara, amma sai aka fatattaki Rumawa masu karfin gwiwa a wani harin dare.Krateros ya yi nasarar tserewa zuwa Kos, amma a can Larabawa suka kama shi suka gicciye shi.

Tawayen Euphemius, kwamandan rundunar sojojin tsibirin ne suka bayar da lokacin mamaye Sicily.Euphemius ya kuduri aniyar neman mafaka a tsakanin makiya daular kuma tare da wasu tsirarun magoya bayansa suka nufi Ifriqiya.A nan ne ya aika da tawaga zuwa kotun Aghlabid, wadda ta roki Sarkin Aghlabid Ziyadat Allah ya ba shi rundunar da za ta taimaka wa Euphemius ya ci Sicily, bayan haka ya biya Aglabids harajin shekara-shekara.An sanya Asad a shugaban tafiyar.An ce sojojin balaguro na musulmi sun kunshi sojojin kafa dubu goma da dawakai dari bakwai, galibinsu Larabawa Ifrikiya da Berber, amma ta yiwu kuma wasu Khurasani.Rundunar ta ƙunshi jiragen ruwa saba'in ko ɗari, waɗanda aka ƙara tasoshin Euphemius.Yakin musulmi na Sicily ya fara ne a watan Yuni 827 kuma ya ci gaba har zuwa shekara ta 902, lokacin da babban birnin Rumawa na karshe a tsibirin Taormina, ya fadi.Wuraren sanduna sun kasance a hannun Byzantine har zuwa 965, amma tsibirin ya kasance ƙarƙashin mulkin musulmi har sai da Normans suka ci nasara a cikin karni na 11.

Theophilos shi ne Sarkin Rumawa daga 829 har zuwa mutuwarsa a 842. Shi ne sarki na biyu na daular Amorian kuma sarki na ƙarshe da ya goyi bayan gumaka.Theophilos da kansa ya jagoranci sojojin a cikin dogon yakin da ya yi da Larabawa, wanda ya fara a 831.

A lokacin hawansa, Tiyofilo ya wajaba ya yi yaki da Larabawa ta bangarori biyu.Larabawa sun sake mamaye Sicily, wadanda suka kwace Palermo bayan sun shafe tsawon shekara guda a 831, suka kafa Masarautar Sicily, kuma a hankali suka ci gaba da fadada tsibirin.Kare bayan mamayar yankin Anatoliya da Al-Ma'amun halifan Abbasiyawa suka yi a shekara ta 830 shi ne sarkin da kansa ya jagoranta, amma Rumawa sun sha kashi, suka kuma yi hasarar kagara da dama.

A cikin 831 Theophilos ya rama ta wurin jagorantar dakaru mai yawa zuwa Kilisiya da kuma kama Tarsus.Sarkin sarakuna ya koma Konstantinoful da nasara, amma a cikin kaka an ci shi a Kapadokiya.Wani shan kashin da aka yi a wannan lardin a shekara ta 833 ya tilasta wa Theophilos ya kai kara don neman zaman lafiya (Theophilos ya ba da dinari na zinariya 100,000 da kuma mayar da fursunoni 7,000), wanda ya samu a shekara ta gaba, bayan mutuwar Al-Ma'amun.

Theophilos ya rubuta wa al-Ma'amun.Halifa ya amsa cewa ya yi la’akari da wasiƙar sarkin Rumawa a hankali, ya lura cewa ta haɗu da shawarwarin zaman lafiya da kasuwanci tare da barazanar yaƙi kuma ya ba wa Theophilos zaɓi na karɓar shahada, biyan haraji ko yaƙi.Al-Ma'amun ya yi shirye-shiryen gudanar da gagarumin yakin neman zabe, amma ya mutu a kan hanya yayin da yake jagorantar wani balaguro a Tyana.

A cikin karni na 9, a lokacin yakin Larabawa-Byzantine, daular Byzantine ta yi amfani da tsarin semaphore na tashoshi don isar da saƙon daga kan iyaka da Khalifancin Abbasid a fadin Asiya Ƙarama zuwa babban birnin Byzantine, Constantinople.Babban layin tashoshi ya shimfiɗa kan wasu kilomita 720 (mita 450).A cikin buɗaɗɗen wurare na tsakiyar Asiya Ƙarama, an sanya tashoshi sama da kilomita 97 (60 mi) baya, yayin da a Bithynia, tare da ƙarin fashewar ƙasa, an rage tazarar zuwa ca.56 km (35 mi).Dangane da gwaje-gwaje na zamani, ana iya isar da saƙo gaba ɗaya tsawon layin cikin sa'a guda.An ba da rahoton ƙirƙira tsarin a zamanin Sarkin sarakuna Theophilos (mai mulki 829–842) ta Leo the Mathematician , kuma yana aiki ta hanyar agogon ruwa iri ɗaya waɗanda aka sanya a tashoshin tashoshi biyu, Loulon da Hasumiyar Haske.An ba da saƙonni daban-daban ga kowane cikin sa'o'i goma sha biyu, ta yadda hasken wuta a fitilar farko a wani sa'a ta musamman ya nuna wani takamaiman lamari kuma an aika shi cikin layi zuwa Constantinople.

A cikin 836, bayan cikar yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya ta shekaru 20 tsakanin Daular da Bulgeriya , Theophilos ya lalata iyakar Bulgaria.'Yan Bulgaria sun mayar da martani, kuma a karkashin jagorancin Isbul sun isa Adrianople.A wannan lokacin, idan ba a baya ba, Bulgarian sun mamaye Philippopolis (Plovdiv) da kewaye.Khan Malamir ya rasu a shekara ta 836.

A cikin 837 Theophilos ya jagoranci rundunar sojoji 70,000 zuwa Mesopotamiya kuma ya kama Melitene da Arsamosata.Har ila yau, Sarkin sarakuna ya dauki Zapetra (Zibatra, Sozopetra), ya lalata shi, wanda wasu majiyoyi suka ce mahaifar Halifa al-Mu'tasim.Theophilos ya koma Konstantinoful cikin nasara.

Al-Mu'tasim ya yanke shawarar kaddamar da wani gagarumin farmaki na ladabtarwa kan kasar Byzantium, da nufin kwace manyan biranen Rumawa biyu na tsakiyar Anatoliya, Ancyra, da Amorion.Na biyun mai yiwuwa shi ne birni mafi girma a yankin Anatoliya a lokacin, da kuma wurin haifuwar daular Amoriya mai mulki kuma saboda haka yana da mahimmanci na musamman;kamar yadda tarihi ya nuna, sojojin al-Mu'tasim sun zana kalmar "Amorion" a kan garkuwa da tutoci.An tara sojoji da yawa a Tarsus (maza 80,000 bisa ga Treadgold), wanda daga baya aka raba shi zuwa manyan runduna biyu.A bangaren Rumawa kuwa, nan da nan Theophilos ya fahimci manufar Halifa kuma ya tashi daga Konstantinoful a farkon watan Yuni.Theophilos da kansa ya jagoranci sojojin Rumawa na mutane 25,000 zuwa 40,000 a kan sojojin da al-Afshin ke jagoranta.Afshin ya yi tsayin daka da harin na Rumawa, inda aka kai musu farmaki, ya ci nasara a yakin.Wadanda suka tsira daga Rumawa sun koma cikin rudani kuma ba su tsoma baki a ci gaba da yakin neman zaben halifan ba.Yakin yana da ban mamaki don kasancewa karo na farko da sojojin Byzantine na tsakiya suka yi da makiyaya Turkawa daga tsakiyar Asiya, wadanda zuriyarsu, Turkawa Seljuq , za su fito a matsayin manyan masu adawa da Byzantium daga tsakiyar karni na 11 zuwa gaba.

Buhun Amorium na Khalifancin Abbasiyawa a tsakiyar watan Agusta 838 na ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da suka faru a cikin dogon tarihin Yaƙin Larabawa-Byzantine.Halifa al-Mu'tasim (r. 833-842) ne ya jagoranci yakin Abbasiyawa da kansa, a matsayin ramuwar gayya ga wani balaguron da ba a yi hamayya da shi ba wanda Sarkin Rumawa Theophilos (r. 829-842) ya kaddamar a kan iyakokin Halifanci a shekarar da ta gabata.Mu'tasim ya nufi Amorium, wani birni na Rumawa a yammacin Asiya Ƙaramar Asiya, domin ita ce mahaifar daular Rumawa mai mulki, kuma a lokacin, ɗaya daga cikin manyan biranen Byzantium.Halifa ya tara wata babbar runduna ta musamman, wadda ya raba kashi biyu, wadanda suka mamaye arewa maso gabas da kudu.Sojojin arewa maso gabas sun fatattaki sojojin Rumawa karkashin Theophilos a Anzen, wanda hakan ya baiwa Abbasid damar kutsawa cikin zurfin Asiya karamar Asiya ta Rumawa tare da hadewa kan Ancyra, wanda suka ga an yi watsi da su.Bayan sun kori birnin, sun juya kudu zuwa Amorium, inda suka isa ranar 1 ga Agusta.Da yake fuskantar makirci a Konstantinoful da tawaye na babban rundunar Khurramite na sojojinsa, Theophilos ya kasa taimakon birnin.Amorium yana da ƙarfi sosai kuma an tsare shi, amma wani mayaudari ya bayyana wani wuri mai rauni a bango, inda Abbasiyawa suka mayar da hankali kan harinsu, wanda ya haifar da keta.Ya kasa kutsawa cikin sojojin da suka yi kawanya, Boiditzes, kwamandan sashin da aka karya ya yi yunkurin tattaunawa da Halifa a asirce ba tare da sanar da manyansa ba.Ya gama sasantawa a cikin gida ya bar mukaminsa, wanda ya ba wa Larabawa damar cin moriyarsu, suka shiga garin, suka kama shi.An lalatar da Amorium bisa tsari, ba zai taɓa dawo da wadatar sa ta dā ba.An kashe da yawa daga cikin mazaunanta, sauran kuma an kori su bayi.An saki akasarin wadanda suka tsira bayan an yi sulhu a shekara ta 841, amma an kai fitattun jami'ai zuwa babban birnin halifa na Samarra kuma aka kashe su bayan shekaru da dama bayan sun ki musulunta, inda aka fi kiransu da Shahidai 42 na Amorium.Nasarar Amorium ba kawai babban bala'i na soja ba ne da kuma mummunan rauni ga Theophilos ba, har ma wani lamari mai ban tsoro ga Rumawa, tasirinsa yana sake bayyana a cikin wallafe-wallafen daga baya.Buhun bai ƙarasa ya canza ma'auni na iko ba, wanda sannu a hankali yana canzawa zuwa ga yardar Byzantium, amma ya ɓata koyarwar tauhidi na Iconoclasm sosai, wanda Theophilos ke goyan bayansa sosai.Kamar yadda Iconoclasm ya dogara sosai kan nasarar soja don halatta ta, faduwar Amorium ya ba da gudummawa sosai ga watsi da shi jim kadan bayan mutuwar Theophilos a 842.

A cewar Porphyrogenitus, Bulgars sun so su ci gaba da mamaye ƙasashen Slavic kuma su tilastawa Sabiyawa su zama masu cin gashin kansu.Khan Presian (r. 836-852) ya kaddamar da farmaki a cikin yankin Sabiya a shekara ta 839, wanda ya kai ga yakin da aka kwashe shekaru uku ana yi, inda Sabiyawan suka yi nasara.Sojojin Bulgaria sun sha kashi sosai kuma sun yi asarar mazaje da dama.Presian bai samu wani yanki ba kuma sojojin Vlastimir sun kore shi.Sabiyawan sun yi fice a cikin dazuzzukan dazuzzukansu da kwazazzabai, kuma sun san yadda ake yin yaƙi a cikin tsaunuka.Yaƙin ya ƙare da mutuwar Theophilos a shekara ta 842, wanda ya saki Vlastimir daga wajibcinsa ga Daular Rumawa.Cin kashi na Bulgars, wanda ya zama daya daga cikin manyan iko a karni na 9 ya nuna cewa Serbia kasa ce mai tsari, mai cikakken ikon kare iyakokinta;wani babban soja da tsarin gudanarwa don gabatar da irin wannan juriya mai tasiri.

Zaman lafiya da ke tsakanin Sabiyawan, Foederati na Byzantine, da Bulgars ya kasance har zuwa shekara ta 839. Vlastimir na Serbia ya haɗa ƙabilu da yawa, kuma Theophilos ya ba Sabiyawan ’yanci;Vlastimir ya amince da nadin sarautar Sarkin sarakuna.Yunkurin mamaye yammacin Makidoniya da Bulgars suka yi ya canza yanayin siyasa.Wataƙila Malamir ko magajinsa ya ga wata barazana a cikin haɗin kan Sabiyawa kuma ya zaɓi ya mallake su a tsakiyar mamaye ƙasashen Slav.Wani dalili kuma shi ne cewa Rumawa suna son karkatar da hankali don su iya tinkarar rikicin Slavic a Peloponnese, ma'ana sun aika Sabiyawa don tayar da yakin.An yi tunanin cewa saurin fadada Bulgars a kan Slavs ya sa Sabiyawan su hade cikin kasa.

Kamar dai yadda ya faru bayan mutuwar sarki Leo IV a shekara ta 780, mutuwar Theophilos a shekara ta 842 yana nufin cewa an maye gurbin wani sarki mai daraja ta wurin matarsa ​​gunki da ɗansu mai ƙanƙanta.Ba kamar matar Leo IV Irene ba, wanda daga baya ya ƙare danta danta Constantine VI kuma ya yi mulki a matsayin sarki a hannunta, Theodora ba ta da tausayi kuma ba ta buƙatar amfani da hanyoyi masu tsauri don riƙe iko.Ko da yake ta kasance a ƙarshen shekarunta ashirin, tana da masu ba da shawara masu aminci da yawa kuma ta kasance ƙwararren shugaba wanda ya ƙarfafa aminci.Theodora bai sake yin aure ba, wanda ya ba ta damar kiyaye yancin kanta da ikonta.A ƙarshen mulkin Theodora, daular ta sami rinjaye a kan Bulgeriya da Halifancin Abbasid .A wani lokaci kabilun Slavic da suka zauna a cikin Peloponnese suma an sami nasarar tilasta musu yin haraji.Duk da ci gaba da manufar samun ƙarin albashi ga sojoji, wanda Theophilos ya kafa, Theodora ya ci gaba da samun rarar kuɗi kaɗan a cikin kasafin kuɗin daular kuma har ma da ƙanƙantar da kuɗin zinariya na sarki.

A lokacin mutuwarsa a shekara ta 842, al-Mu'tasim yana shirin sake wani babban hari, amma babban jirgin da ya shirya domin kai wa Konstantinoful hari ya lalace a guguwar Cape Chelidonia bayan 'yan watanni.Bayan mutuwar al-Mu'tasim, yakin ya mutu a hankali, kuma yakin Mauropotamos a 844 shine babban haɗin kai na Larabawa-Byzantine na karshe tsawon shekaru goma.

Yakin Mauropotamos tsakanin sojojin Daular Byzantine da Khalifancin Abbasiyawa, a Mauropotamos (ko dai a arewacin Bitiniya ko a Kapadokiya).Bayan wani yunƙurin da Rumawa suka yi na kwato Masarautar Kret a cikin shekarar da ta gabata, Abbasiyawa sun ƙaddamar da wani farmaki a cikin Asiya Ƙarama.Sarkin Rumawa, Theoktistos, shi ne ya jagoranci sojojin da suka je domin tunkarar mamayar amma sun sha kashi sosai, kuma da yawa daga cikin hafsoshinsa sun koma Larabawa.Rikicin cikin gida ya hana Abbasiyawa amfani da nasarar da suka samu, duk da haka.Sakamakon haka an amince da sasantawa da musayar fursunoni a cikin 845, sannan aka dakatar da tashin hankali na tsawon shekaru shida, yayin da duka ikokin biyu suka mayar da hankalinsu a wani wuri.

A lokacin bazara na shekara ta 851 zuwa 854, Ali ibn Yahya al-Armani, sarkin Tarsus, ya kai farmaki a yankin daular, wataƙila yana kallon daular da wata ƙaramar gwauruwa da ɗanta ke yi a matsayin alamar rauni.Ko da yake hare-haren Ali bai yi wani lahani ba, Theodora ya yanke shawarar ramuwar gayya kuma ya aika da ƙungiyoyin mayaƙa don kai farmaki ga bakin tekunMasar a shekara ta 853 da 854. A shekara ta 853 mahara Rumawa sun kona birnin Damietta na Masar kuma a shekara ta 855, sojojin Rumawa suka mamaye masarautar Ali. ya kori birnin Anazarbus, ya kama fursunoni 20,000.Bisa umarnin Theoktistos, an kashe wasu fursunonin da suka ƙi su tuba zuwa Kiristanci .A cewar malaman tarihi na baya, wadannan nasarori, musamman buhun Anazarbus, sun burge har Larabawa.

Rikici tsakanin Rumawa da Daular Bulgeriya ya faru ne a tsakanin shekarun 855 da 856. Daular Byzantine ta so ta dawo da ikonta a wasu yankuna na Thrace, ciki har da Philippopolis (Plovdiv) da tashoshin jiragen ruwa da ke kusa da Tekun Burgas a kan Bahar Maliya.Sojojin Byzantine, karkashin jagorancin sarki da Caesar Bardas, sun yi nasara wajen sake mamaye garuruwa da dama - Philippopolis, Develtus, Anchialus da Mesembria a cikin su - da kuma yankin Zagora.A lokacin wannan yakin ' yan Bulgaria sun shagala da yakin da aka yi da Franks karkashin Louis Bajamushe da Croatians.A cikin 853 Boris ya haɗa kansa da Rastislav na Moravia a kan Franks.'Yan Bulgaria sun sha kashi sosai a hannun Franks;Bayan haka, Moravia sun canza salo kuma Bulgarian sun fuskanci barazana daga Moravia.

Tare da goyon bayan Bardas da wani kawunsa, Janar mai nasara mai suna Petronas, Michael III ya hambarar da mulkin a ranar 15 ga Maris 856 kuma ya mayar da mahaifiyarsa da 'yan'uwansa mata zuwa gidan sufi a 857. Michael III shine Sarkin Byzantine daga 842 zuwa 867. Michael III shi ne shugaban kasar na uku kuma a al'adance memba na ƙarshe na daular Amoriya (ko Phrygian).Masa tarihin magabata na daular Macedonia sun ba shi ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan mashayi, amma binciken tarihi na zamani ya sake gyara sunansa har zuwa wani lokaci, yana nuna muhimmiyar rawar da mulkinsa ya taka a sake farfado da ikon Byzantine a karni na 9.

Siage na Constantinople na 860 shine kawai babban balaguron soji na Rus' Khaganate da aka rubuta a cikin tushen Byzantine da Yammacin Turai.Casus belli shi ne gina kagara Sarkel da injiniyoyin Byzantine suka yi, tare da ƙuntata hanyar kasuwanci ta Rus tare da kogin Don don goyon bayan Khazars.An sani daga majiyoyin Byzantine cewa Rus' sun kama Konstantinoful ba tare da shiri ba, yayin da daular ta shagaltu da yakin Larabawa-Byzantine da ke gudana kuma ya kasa mayar da martani ga harin, tabbas da farko.Bayan sun yi awon gaba da kewayen babban birnin Rumawa, Rus sun ja da baya a wannan rana kuma suka ci gaba da kewaye da dare bayan sun gaji da sojojin Rumawa tare da haddasa rashin tsari.Lamarin ya haifar da wata al'adar Kirista ta Orthodox daga baya, wacce ta danganta kubutar da Konstantinoful zuwa shiga tsakani na mu'ujiza ta Theotokos.

A cikin 862, ’yan’uwa sun fara aikin da zai ba su mahimmancin tarihi.A wannan shekarar, Yarima Rastislav na Babban Moravia ya roƙi Sarkin Masar Michael III da Uba Photius su aika masu wa’azi a ƙasashen waje su yi wa talakawansa na Slav bishara.Dalilinsa na yin hakan tabbas ya fi na addini siyasa.Rastislav ya zama sarki tare da goyon bayan mai mulkin Faransa Louis Bajamushe, amma daga baya ya nemi tabbatar da 'yancin kai daga Franks.Ba daidai ba ne cewa Cyril da Methodius ne suka fara kawo Kiristanci zuwa Moravia, amma wasiƙar Rastislav zuwa ga Mika’ilu III ta bayyana sarai cewa mutanen Rastislav “sun riga sun ƙi arna kuma sun bi dokar Kirista.”An ce Rastislav ya kori ’yan mishan na Cocin Roma kuma ya koma Konstantinoful don taimakon majami’u kuma, mai yiwuwa, matakin goyon bayan siyasa.Da sauri Sarkin sarakuna ya zaɓi ya aika Cyril, tare da ɗan'uwansa Methodius.Buƙatar ta ba da dama mai dacewa don faɗaɗa tasirin Byzantine.Aikinsu na farko da alama shi ne horar da mataimaka.A shekara ta 863, sun fara aikin fassara Linjila da littafan liturgical da ake bukata zuwa yaren da ake kira Old Church Slavonic kuma suka tafi Great Moravia don yaɗa shi.Sun sami gagarumar nasara a wannan yunƙurin.Duk da haka, sun shiga rikici da limaman cocin Jamus waɗanda suka yi adawa da ƙoƙarinsu na ƙirƙirar liturgy na Slavic na musamman.

An yi yakin Lalakaon a shekara ta 863 tsakanin Daular Rumawa da sojojin Larabawa mamaya a Paphlagonia (arewacin Turkiyya ta zamani).Petronas ne ya jagoranci sojojin Byzantine, kawun sarki Michael III (r. 842-867), kodayake majiyoyin Larabawa sun ambaci kasancewar sarki Mika'ilu.Sarkin Melitene (Malatya), Umar al-Aqta (r. 830s-863) ne ya jagoranci Larabawa.Umar al-Aqta ya yi nasara a kan turbar Rumawa na farko a kan mamayewarsa kuma ya isa Bahar Maliya.Daga nan ne Rumawa suka hada runduna, inda suka kewaye sojojin Larabawa kusa da kogin Lalakaon.Yakin na baya-bayan nan, wanda ya kare da nasarar Rumawa da kuma mutuwar sarki a filin wasa, an kuma yi nasarar kai farmaki a kan iyakar kasar.Nasarar da Byzantine suka yi sun kasance masu mahimmanci;An kawar da babbar barazana ga iyakokin Byzantine, kuma an fara zamanin hawan Byzantine a Gabas (wanda ya ƙare a cikin karni na 10).Nasarar da Rumawa ta samu ta sake samun wani tasiri: kubuta daga matsin lamba na Larabawa a kan iyakar gabas ya baiwa gwamnatin Byzantine damar mai da hankali kan lamuran Turai, musamman a makwabciyar Bulgaria .

Kiristanci na Bulgariya shine tsarin da Bulgariya na tsakiyar karni na 9 ya koma Kiristanci .Hakan ya nuna bukatar haɗin kai a cikin ƙasar Bulgariya mai rarrabu ta addini da kuma buƙatar samun karɓuwa daidai gwargwado a fagen kasa da kasa a Turai Kiristanci.Wannan tsari yana da alaƙa da sauye-sauyen ƙawancen siyasa na Boris I na Bulgaria (mai mulki 852-889) tare da mulkin Franks ta Gabas da daular Byzantine, da kuma wasiƙar diflomasiyya da Paparoma.|Saboda dabarun da Bulgaria take da shi, majami'u na Rome da Konstantinoful kowannensu yana son Bulgariya a fagen tasiri.Sun ɗauki Kiristanci a matsayin hanyar haɗa Slavs cikin yankinsu.Bayan wasu sauye-sauye a kowane bangare, Khan ya karbi Kiristanci daga Constantinople a shekara ta 870. A sakamakon haka, ya cim ma burinsa na samun cocin Bulgaria mai zaman kanta da kuma nada babban limamin cocin.

Tsoron yuwuwar tuba na Boris I, khan na Bulgars zuwa Kiristanci a karkashin ikon Faransanci, Michael III da Kaisar Bardas sun mamaye Bulgaria , suna sanya tubar Boris bisa ga tsarin Byzantine a matsayin wani ɓangare na sulhu a 864. Michael III ya tsaya a matsayin mai ba da tallafi, ta wakili, don Boris a lokacin baftisma.Boris ya ɗauki ƙarin sunan Michael a wurin bikin.Rumawa kuma sun ba wa Bulgarian damar kwato yankin iyakar da ake gwabzawa na Zagora.An yi la'akari da juyin juya halin Bulgarian a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan nasarorin al'adu da siyasa na daular Byzantine.

Basil na Macedonia ya shiga hidimar Theophilitzes, dangin sarki Mika'ilu III, kuma attajiri Danielis ya ba shi dukiya.Ya sami tagomashin Michael III, wanda uwarsa ya aura bisa umarnin sarki, kuma aka nada shi a matsayin babban sarki a shekara ta 866.

Lokacin da Michael III ya fara goyon bayan wani mai shari'a, Basiliskianos, Basil ya yanke shawarar cewa an raunana matsayinsa.Michael ya yi barazanar zuba jari Basiliskianos tare da Imperial take kuma wannan ya jawo Basil zuwa pre-empt events ta hanyar shirya kashe Michael a daren 24 Satumba 867. Michael da Basiliskianos aka insensibly bugu biyo bayan wani liyafa a fadar Anthimos a lokacin da Basil, tare da ƙaramin rukuni na sahabbai (ciki har da mahaifinsa Bardas, ɗan'uwansa Marinos, da ɗan uwansa Ayleon), sun sami shiga.An lalatar da makullai na ƙofofin ɗakin, kuma shugaban majalisar bai sa masu gadi ba.Dukan wadanda aka kashen sai aka kashe su da takobi.A kan mutuwar Michael III, Basil, a matsayin wanda ya riga ya zama babban sarki, ya zama basileus mai mulki.

Renaissance na Macedonia kalma ce ta tarihi da aka yi amfani da ita don bunƙasa al'adun Byzantine a cikin ƙarni na 9-11, a ƙarƙashin daular Macedonia mai suna (867-1056), bayan tashe-tashen hankula da sauye-sauye na ƙarni na 7-8, wanda aka fi sani da "Duhun Byzantine". Shekaru".An kuma san lokacin da zamanin Byzantine encyclopedism, saboda yunƙurin tsara tsari da tsara ilimi, wanda ayyukan masani-sarki Constantine VII Porphyrogennetos ya misalta.