Daular Byzantine: Daular Heraclian

Ko da yake daular ta sami ƙananan nasarori a kan Slavs da Avars a cikin fadace-fadace a fadin Danube, duka sha'awar sojoji da bangaskiya ga gwamnati sun ragu sosai.Rikici ya haifar da tashin hankali a garuruwan Byzantine yayin da bambance-bambancen zamantakewa da na addini suka bayyana cikin ƙungiyoyin Blue da Green waɗanda ke yaƙi da juna a kan tituna.Abu na karshe da gwamnatin kasar ta dauka shi ne matakin rage albashin sojojin kasar saboda matsalolin kudi.Haɗuwa da sakamakon tawayen da wani ƙaramin hafsa mai suna Phocas ya jagoranta da kuma manyan boren da 'yan Greens da Blues suka yi ya tilasta Maurice yin murabus.Majalisar dattijai ta amince da Phocas a matsayin sabon Sarkin sarakuna kuma Maurice, sarki na karshe na daular Justinian , an kashe shi tare da 'ya'yansa maza hudu.Sarkin Farisa Khosrau na biyu ya mayar da martani ta hanyar kai hari kan Daular, wanda ake yi wa ramuwar gayya ga Maurice, wanda tun da farko ya taimaka masa ya dawo kan karagarsa.Phocas ya riga ya nisantar da magoya bayansa tare da mulkinsa na danniya (gabatar da azabtarwa a babban sikelin), kuma Farisa sun sami damar kama Siriya da Mesopotamiya a shekara ta 607. A shekara ta 608, Farisa sun yi sansani a wajen Chalcedon, a gaban babban birnin sarki na Konstantinoful. , yayin da yankin Anatoliya ke fama da hare-haren Farisa.Babban abin da ya fi muni shi ne ci gaban kabilun Avars da Slavic da suka nufi kudu zuwa Danube zuwa cikin yankin Imperial.Yayin da Farisa ke ci gaba da ci gaba da mamaye lardunan gabas, Phocas ya zaɓi ya raba talakawansa maimakon ya haɗa su a kan barazanar Farisa.Wataƙila ganin yadda ya ci nasara a matsayin fansa na Allah, Phocas ya ƙaddamar da yaƙin zalunci da zubar da jini don tilasta wa Yahudawa su zama Kiristanci .Tsanantawa da keɓantawar Yahudawa, mutanen da ke gaba gaba a yaƙin Farisa sun taimaka musu wajen taimakon waɗanda suka ci Farisa.Yayin da Yahudawa da Kirista suka fara wargaza juna, wasu sun gudu daga mahauta zuwa yankin Farisa.A halin da ake ciki, da alama bala'o'in da suka afku a Daular sun kai Sarkin cikin wani yanayi na ban tsoro - ko da yake dole ne a ce akwai makirce-makirce masu yawa a kan mulkinsa kuma kisa ya biyo bayan kisa.

Yaƙin Byzantine – Yaƙin Sasani na 602–628 shine na ƙarshe kuma mafi muni na jerin yaƙe-yaƙe da aka yi tsakanin Daular Rumawa da Daular Sasaniya ta Iran .Wannan ya zama rikici na tsawon shekarun da suka gabata, yakin mafi tsayi a cikin jerin, kuma an yi yakin gabas ta tsakiya: aMisira , Levant, Mesopotamiya , Caucasus, Anatolia, Armenia , Tekun Aegean da kuma gaban ganuwar Constantinople kanta.Duk da yake Farisa sun fi mayar da nasara a lokacin farko mataki na yaki daga 602 zuwa 622, cinye da yawa daga cikin Levant, Misira, da dama tsibiran a cikin Tekun Aegean da kuma sassan Anatolia, hawan da sarki Heraclius a 610 jagoranci, duk da farko setbacks. , zuwa matsayi na gaba ante bellum.Heraclius' yaƙin neman zaɓe a ƙasar Iran daga 622 zuwa 626 tilasta Farisa a kan tsaro, kyale sojojinsa su sake samun karfinsu.Ƙungiya tare da Avars da Slavs, Farisa sun yi ƙoƙari na ƙarshe don ɗaukar Constantinople a 626, amma an ci nasara a can.A cikin 627, haɗin gwiwa tare da Turkawa, Heraclius ya mamaye ƙasar Farisa.

Saboda tsananin rikicin da ke fuskantar Masarautar da ta jefa ta cikin rudani, Heraclius ƙaramin yanzu ya yi ƙoƙarin kwace mulki daga Phocas a ƙoƙarin kyautata arzikin Byzantium.Yayin da aka kai daular cikin rashin zaman lafiya, Exarchate na Carthage ya kasance ba tare da isa ga mamaye Farisa ba.Nisa daga ikon Imperial da bai dace ba na lokacin, Heraclius, Exarch na Carthage, tare da ɗan'uwansa Gregorius, ya fara haɓaka sojojinsa don kai hari ga Constantinople.Bayan yanke da hatsi wadata ga babban birnin kasar daga ƙasarsa, Heraclius ya jagoranci wani gagarumin sojojin da rundunar a 608 don mayar da oda a cikin Empire.Heraclius ya ba da umurnin sojojin zuwa Gregorius 'dan, Nicetas, alhãli kuwa umurnin da rundunar sojojin ya tafi Heraclius 'dan, Heraclius ƙaramin.Nicetas ya dauki wani bangare na rundunar sojojin da sojojinsa zuwaMisira , seizing Alexandria zuwa karshen 608. A halin yanzu, Heraclius da Younger ya nufi Tasalonika, daga inda, bayan samun karin kayayyaki da sojojin, sai ya tashi zuwa Konstantinoful.Ya isa inda ya nufa a ranar 3 ga Oktoba 610, inda ba a yi hamayya da shi ba yayin da ya sauka daga gabar Kostantinoful, 'yan ƙasa suna gaishe shi a matsayin mai ceto.Mulkin Phocas bisa hukuma ya ƙare a cikin kisa da kuma nadin Heraclius da sarki na Konstantinoful kwanaki biyu daga baya a kan 5 Oktoba.Wani mutum-mutumi na Phocas da ke kwance a cikin Hippodrome ya ja ƙasa ya kunna wuta, tare da launukan Buluwa waɗanda ke goyan bayan Phocas.

A cikin 613, sojojin Rumawa karkashin jagorancin Sarkin sarakuna Heraclius sun sha fama da mugun kaye a Antakiya akan sojojin Sassanid na Farisa karkashin Janar (spahbed) Shahin da Shahrbaraz.Wannan ya baiwa Farisawa damar tafiya cikin walwala da sauri ta kowane bangare.Wannan tashin hankali ya sa biranen Damascus da Tarsus suka rushe tare da Armeniya .Amma abin da ya fi muhimmanci shi ne asarar Urushalima, wadda Farisawa suka yi wa yaƙi da ita a cikin makonni uku.Ikklisiya marasa adadi a cikin birni (ciki har da Holy Sepulcher ) an kona kuma an kona abubuwa da yawa, da suka haɗa da Gicciyen Gaskiya, Holy Lance da Sponge Mai Tsarki, waɗanda suke a lokacin mutuwar Yesu Kiristi, yanzu suna Ctesiphon, babban birnin Farisa.Farisa sun kasance a shirye a wajen Kalcedon, ba da nisa da babban birnin ba, kuma lardin Siriya ya kasance cikin hargitsi.

A cikin 615, a lokacin da ake ci gaba da yakin da Daular Rumawa, sojojin Sasaniya karkashin spahbod Shahin sun mamaye Asiya Ƙarama kuma suka isa Chalcedon, a fadin Bosporus daga Konstantinoful.A wannan lokacin, a cewar Sebeos, Heraclius ya amince ya tsaya kuma yana shirye ya zama abokin ciniki na Sarkin Sasaniya Khosrow II, yana barin Daular Roma ta zama ƙasar abokin ciniki ta Farisa , har ma da ƙyale Khosrow II. a zabi sarki.Sassanid sun riga sun kame Roman Siriya da Falasdinu a cikin shekarar da ta gabata.Bayan tattaunawa da Sarkin Rumawa Heraclius, an aika jakadan Rumawa zuwa Farisa Shahanshah Khosrau II, kuma Shahin ya sake komawa Siriya.

Yakin Sasaniya naMasar ya faru ne tsakanin shekara ta 618 zuwa 621, lokacin da sojojin Farisa na Sasaniya suka fatattaki sojojin Rumawa a Masar suka mamaye lardin.Faduwar Iskandariya, babban birnin ƙasar Roman Masar, ita ce mataki na farko kuma mafi muhimmanci a yaƙin neman zaɓe na Sasania na mamaye wannan lardi mai albarka, wanda a ƙarshe ya faɗi ƙarƙashin mulkin Farisa a cikin shekaru biyu.

Yaƙin Heraclius na 622, wanda kuma aka fi sani da Yaƙin Issus, babban yaƙin neman zaɓe ne a cikin Yaƙin Byzantine – Sassanid na 602-628 da sarki Heraclius ya yi wanda ya ƙare a cikin nasara ta Byzantine a Anatolia.A shekara ta 622, Sarkin Rumawa Heraclius, ya shirya tsaf domin kai farmaki kan Farisa Sassanid da suka mamaye mafi yawan lardunan gabashin Daular Rumawa.Heraclius lashe murkushe nasara a kan Shahrbaraz wani wuri a Kapadokiya.Da key factor shi Heraclius' gano boye Farisa sojojin a kwanton bauna da kuma mayar da martani ga wannan kwanton bauna da feigning ja da baya a lokacin yakin.Farisa sun bar murfin su kori Rumawa, sa'ilin Heraclius 'Elite Optimatoi ya kai hari ga Farisa masu bi, yana sa su gudu.

Yayin da Rumawa suka shagaltar da Farisa , Avars da Slavs sun zuba a cikin Balkans, suna kama da yawa garuruwan Byzantine.Saboda buqatar kare kai daga wannan kutse, Rumawa ba su da ikon yin amfani da dukkan dakarunsu wajen yakar Farisawa.Heraclius ya aika da manzo zuwa ga Avar Khagan, yana cewa Rumawa za su biya haraji a mayar da Avars janye arewacin Danube.Khagan ya amsa ta hanyar neman taro a ranar 5 ga Yuni 623, a Heraclea a Thrace, inda sojojin Avar suke;Heraclius ya yarda da wannan taron, yana zuwa tare da fadar sarki.The Khagan, duk da haka, sa mahaya a kan hanya zuwa Heraclea zuwa kwanton bauna da kama Heraclius, don haka za su iya rike shi domin fansa.Heraclius aka yi sa'a gargadi a lokaci da kuma gudanar ya tsere, korar da Avars har zuwa Konstantinoful.Duk da haka, da yawa daga cikin mambobin kotunsa, da kuma wasu da ake zargin ƴan ƙauyen Thracian 70,000 da suka zo ganin Sarkinsu, mutanen Khagan sun kama su kuma suka kashe su.Duk da wannan ha'inci, Heraclius aka tilasta ba da Avars wani tallafi na 200,000 solidi tare da shege dansa John Athalarichos, dan wansa Stephen, da shege dan patrician Bonus a matsayin garkuwa a mayar da zaman lafiya.Wannan ya ba shi damar mayar da hankali ga yakinsa gaba daya kan Farisawa.

A ranar 25 Maris 624, Heraclius ya sake barin Konstantinoful tare da matarsa, Martina, da 'ya'yansa biyu;bayan ya yi bikin Ista a Nicomedia a ranar 15 ga Afrilu, ya yi yakin neman zabe a yankin Caucasus, inda ya ci nasara da dama a kan sojojin Farisa uku a Armeniya a kan Khosrow da Janar dinsa Shahrbaraz, Shahin, da Shahraplakan.;

Yakin Sarus yaki ne a watan Afrilu 625 tsakanin sojojin Gabashin Romawa (Byzantine), karkashin jagorancin sarki Heraclius, da kuma janar na Farisa Shahrbaraz.Bayan jerin gwano, sojojin Rumawa karkashin Heraclius, wadanda a cikin shekarar da ta gabata suka mamaye Farisa, sun ci karo da sojojin Shahrbaraz, wadanda ke kan hanyar zuwa babban birnin Rumawa, Konstantinoful, inda sojojinsa za su shiga cikin kewayen tare da Avars. .Yakin ya ƙare da nasara ba bisa ƙa'ida ba ga Rumawa, amma Shahrbaraz ya janye cikin tsari mai kyau, kuma ya sami damar ci gaba da gaba ta Asiya Ƙarama zuwa Konstantinoful.

A lokacin siege na Konstantinoful, Heraclius kafa wani ƙawance tare da mutanen Byzantine kafofin da ake kira "Khazars", karkashin Ziebel, yanzu kullum gano a matsayin Western Turkic Khaganate na Göktürks, jagorancin Tong Yabghu, plying shi da ban mamaki kyautai da kuma alkawarin aure. zuwa porphyrogenita Eudoxia Epiphania.Tun da farko, a cikin 568, Turkawa karkashin Istämi sun juya zuwa Byzantium lokacin da dangantakarsu da Iran ta yi tsami game da batutuwan kasuwanci.Istämi aika da ofishin jakadanci jagorancin Sogdian diflomasiyyar Maniah kai tsaye zuwa Constantinople, wanda ya isa a 568 da kuma miƙa ba kawai siliki a matsayin kyauta ga Justin II , amma kuma ya ba da shawarar kawance da Sasanian Iran.Justin II ya amince kuma ya aika da ofishin jakadanci zuwa Turkic Khaganate, yana tabbatar da kasuwancin silikina kasar Sin kai tsaye wanda Sogdians ke so.A Gabas, a cikin 625 AZ, Turkawa sun yi amfani da raunin Sasaniya sun mamaye Bactria da Afghanistan har zuwa Indus, suka kafa Yabghus na Tokharistan.Turkawa da ke yankin Caucasus, sun mayar da martani ga kawancen, inda suka aike da mutanensu dubu 40, domin su ruguza daular Iran a shekara ta 626, a daidai lokacin da aka fara yakin Turkawa na uku.Ayyukan hadin gwiwa na Byzantine da na Göktürk sun mayar da hankali ne kan kawas da Tiflis, inda Rumawa suka yi amfani da tartsatsin tarzoma don karya bango, daya daga cikin sanannun amfani da Rumawa.Khosrow ya aika da sojoji 1,000 karkashin Shahraplakan don karfafa birnin, amma duk da haka ya fadi, watakila a ƙarshen 628.

Sifen Constantinoful a shekara ta 626 da Sassanid Persians da Avars suka yi, tare da taimakon ɗimbin yawa na ƙawayen Slavs, ya ƙare a cikin dabarun nasara ga Rumawa.Rashin gazawar daular ta ceci daular daga durkushewa, kuma, hade da sauran nasarorin da Sarkin sarakuna Heraclius (r. 610-641) ya samu a shekarar da ta gabata da kuma a shekara ta 627, ya baiwa Byzantium damar dawo da yankunanta tare da kawo karshen yakin Rumawa da Farisa ta hanyar lalata. aiwatar da yarjejeniya tare da matsayi na iyakoki c.590.

Yaƙin Nineba shine yaƙin yaƙi na Byzantine-Sassanid na 602-628.A tsakiyar Satumba 627, Heraclius mamaye Sasanian Mesopatamia a cikin wani abin mamaki, m hunturu yakin.Khosrow II ya nada Rhahzadh a matsayin kwamandan runduna don tunkararsa.Abokan Göktürk na Heraclius sun gudu da sauri, yayin da ƙarfafawar Rhahzadh ba su isa cikin lokaci ba.A cikin yakin, an kashe Rhahzadh kuma sauran Sasaniyawa sun ja da baya.Ci gaba da kudu tare da Tigris ya kori babban fadar Khosrow da ke Dastagird kuma an hana shi hari Ctesiphon kawai ta hanyar lalata gadoji a kan tashar Nahrawan.Wannan jerin bala'o'i da aka yi watsi da su, an kifar da Khosrow tare da kashe shi a juyin mulkin da dansa Kavad na biyu ya jagoranta, wanda nan take ya nemi zaman lafiya, ya amince ya janye daga dukkan yankunan da aka mamaye.Yaƙin basasar Sassaniya ya raunana daular Sassaniya sosai, yana ba da gudummawa ga mamayar Farisa da Musulunci ya yi.

Ƙarshe na Yaƙin Rum da Farisa ya ƙare a cikin 628, bayan Heraclius ya kammala yakin nasara a kan Farisa a Mesopotamiya .Haka nan kumaMuhammadu ya hada kan Larabawa karkashin tutar Musulunci.Bayan rasuwarsa a shekara ta 632, Abubakar ya gaje shi a matsayin Halifa Rashidun na farko.Da yake murkushe tawaye da dama na cikin gida, Abubakar ya nemi fadada daular fiye da iyakokin kasashen Larabawa.Yakin musulmi na Levant ya faru ne a farkon rabin karni na 7.Wannan shi ne mamaye yankin da aka fi sani da Levant ko Shaam, daga baya ya zama lardin Musulunci na Bilad al-Sham, a matsayin wani bangare na yakar Musulunci.Dakarun musulmi Larabawa sun bayyana a kan iyakokin kudanci tun kafin rasuwar Muhammad a shekara ta 632, wanda ya haifar da yakin Mu'tah a shekara ta 629, amma an fara cin nasara na hakika a shekara ta 634 a karkashin halifofin Rashidun Abubakar da Umar bn Khaddab. tare da Khalid bn al-Walid a matsayin babban jagoransu na soja.

An yi yakin Ajnadayn a watan Yuli ko Agusta 634, a wani wuri kusa da Beit Guvrin a Isra'ila ta yau;shi ne babban yaƙi na farko da aka gwabza tsakanin Daular Rumawa (Romawa) da sojojin Larabawa Rashidun Halifanci .Sakamakon yakin ya kasance gagarumin nasarar musulmi.Mafi yawan bayanai game da wannan yaƙin an san su ta hanyar kafofin musulmi, kamar masanin tarihi al-Waqidi na ƙarni na tara.

Sifen Damascus (634) ya kasance daga 21 ga Agusta zuwa 19 ga Satumba 634 kafin birnin ya fada hannun Khalifancin Rashidun .Damascus shi ne babban birni na farko na Daular Rumawa ta Gabas da ya fado a cikin mamayar da musulmi suka yi a Siriya .A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 634, Abu Bakr ya mamaye daular Rumawa a cikin Levant kuma ya yi nasara a kan sojojin Rumawa a yakin Ajnadayn.Dakarun musulmi sun yi tattaki zuwa arewa suka kewaye Damascus.An kwace birnin ne bayan wani bishop mai ra'ayin addini ya sanar da Khalid ibn al-Walid, babban kwamandan musulmi, cewa mai yiyuwa ne a keta katangar birnin ta hanyar kai hari a wani wuri da aka kare da safe kawai.Yayin da Khalid ya shiga birnin ta hanyar hari daga kofar Gabas, Thomas, kwamandan sojojin Rumawa, ya yi shawarwarin mika wuya cikin lumana a kofar Jabiya tare da Abu Ubaidah, na biyu na Khalid.Bayan mika wuyan birnin, kwamandojin sun yi sabani kan sharuddan yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya.

Yakin Fahl wani babban yaki ne a mamayar da musulmi suka yi wa kasar Rumawa na kasar Sham da sojojin larabawa na khalifanci na farko da sojojin Rumawa suka yi a kusa da Pella (Fahl) da kuma Scythopolis (Beisan) dake kusa da su, dukkansu a kwarin Jordan, a watan Disamba. 634 ko Janairu 635. Dakarun Rumawa da suka haye daga farmakin da musulmi suka yi a yakin Ajnadayn ko Yarmuk sun sake haduwa a Pella ko Scythopolis kuma musulmi suka bi su a can.Sojojin dawakan musulmi sun fuskanci matsala wajen ratsa filayen laka da ke kewayen Beisan yayin da Rumawa suka yanke ramukan ban ruwa don mamaye yankin da kuma dakile ci gaban musulmi.Daga karshe dai musulmi sun yi galaba a kan Rumawa, wadanda ake tsare da su sun yi mummunar barna.An kama Pella daga baya, yayin da Beisan da Tiberias da ke kusa da su suka mamaye bayan gajeriyar kawanya da wasu dakarun musulmi suka yi.

Bayan da Abubakar ya rasu a shekara ta 634, magajinsa Umar ya kuduri aniyar ci gaba da bazuwar halifancin zuwa cikin Sham.Duk da cewa yakin da Khalid ya jagoranta a baya ya yi nasara, amma Abu Ubaidah ya maye gurbinsa.Bayan sun tabbatar da kudancin Falasdinu, sojojin musulmi sun ci gaba da hanyar kasuwanci, Tiberias da Ba'albek sun fadi ba tare da gwagwarmaya ba kuma suka ci Emesa a farkon shekara ta 636. Daga nan ne musulmi suka ci gaba da mamaye yankin Levant .Don duba ci gaban Larabawa da kuma dawo da yankin da ba a so, Sarkin sarakuna Heraclius ya aika da gagarumin balaguro zuwa ga Levant a watan Mayu 636. Kamar yadda sojojin Rumawa suka gabato, Larabawa sun janye daga Siriya da dabara kuma suka tattara dukan sojojinsu a filin Yarmuk kusa da Larabawa. Peninsula, inda aka ƙarfafa su, kuma suka ci nasara da manyan sojojin Byzantine.Yakin Yarmuk ana daukarsa a matsayin daya daga cikin yakoki mafi muhimmanci a tarihin soji, kuma shi ne karon farko da musulmin farko suka fara yakar musulmi bayan wafatin annabin musulunciMuhammad , wanda ke sanar da ci gaban musulunci cikin sauri zuwa ga mabiya addinin kirista na lokacin. .Yakin da ake yi wa kallon shi ne babban nasarar da Khalid bn al-Walid ya samu na soji tare da tabbatar da sunansa na daya daga cikin manyan mayaka da kwamandojin dawakai a tarihi.

Sojojin Rumawa, wadanda suka hada da wadanda suka tsira daga Yarmouk da sauran yakin Syria , sun sha kaye, inda suka koma Antakiya, inda musulmi suka kewaye birnin.Da yake da ɗan bege na taimako daga Sarkin sarakuna, Antakiya ya mika wuya a ranar 30 ga Oktoba, bisa sharadin cewa za a ba da duk sojojin Byzantine lafiya zuwa Konstantinoful.Sarkin sarakuna Heraclius ya riga ya bar Antakiya don Edessa kafin Musulmai isa.Daga nan sai ya shirya kariyar da ake bukata a Jazira, ya tafi Konstantinoful.A hanya, yana da ƴar ƴan gudun hijira a lokacin da Khalid, wanda ya kama Marash, ya nufi kudu zuwa Manbij.Heraclius cikin gaggawa ya ɗauki hanyar dutsen, kuma, yana wucewa ta Ƙofar Kilisiya, an ruwaito ya ce: "Bako, ban kwana da Siriya, lardina mai kyau. Kai ne na kafiri (maƙiyi) yanzu. Aminci ya tabbata a gare ku, Ya, Siriya - irin kyakkyawar ƙasa za ku zama ga hannun abokan gaba."

Yakin da musulmi suka yi aMasar , wanda kuma aka fi sani da mamayar Rashidun a Masar, karkashin jagorancin sojojin Amr bn al-As, ya faru ne a tsakanin shekara ta 639 zuwa 646, kuma khalifancin Rashidun ne ke kula da shi.Ya ƙare tsawon ƙarni bakwai na mulkin Roman/Byzantine bisa Masar wanda ya fara a 30 KZ.An girgiza mulkin Byzantine a cikin ƙasar, kamar yadda Sassanid Iran ta mamaye Masar kuma ta mamaye shi tsawon shekaru goma a 618-629, kafin Sarkin Rumawa Heraclius ya dawo da shi.The caliphate dauki amfani da Rumawa 'gaji da kama Masar shekaru goma bayan ta reconquest da Heraclius.A tsakiyar 630s, Byzantium ya riga ya rasa Levant da Ghassanid abokansa a Larabawa ga Halifanci.Asarar lardi mai albarka ta Masar da kuma shan kashin da sojojin Rumawa suka yi ya yi matukar raunana daular, wanda ya haifar da karin asarar yankuna a cikin karni masu zuwa.

Yakin Heliopolis ko Ayn ​​Shams wani gagarumin yaki ne tsakanin sojojin musulmin larabawa da sojojin Rumawa domin mamayekasar Masar .Duk da cewa an samu wasu manyan fadace-fadace da dama bayan wannan yakin, amma ya yanke shawarar makomar mulkin Rumawa a Masar yadda ya kamata, tare da bude kofa ga musulmi na cin galaba a kan karagar mulkin Rumawa na Afirka.

Constans II, wanda ake yi wa lakabi da "Mai Gemu", shi ne sarkin daular Byzantine daga 641 zuwa 668. Shi ne sarki na karshe da aka tabbatar da ya zama jakadan, a shekara ta 642, kodayake ofishin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa har zuwa lokacin mulkin Leo VI the Wise (r. . 886-912).A karkashin Constans, Rumawa sun janye gaba daya dagaMasar a cikin 642. Constans ya yi ƙoƙari ya jagoranci tsaka-tsaki a cikin rikici tsakanin Orthodoxy da Tauhidi ta hanyar ƙin tsananta wa ko dai kuma ya hana ƙarin bayani game da yanayin Yesu Almasihu ta hanyar doka a 648 (Nau'in Constans).Amma a shekara ta 654, Mu'awiya ya sake sabunta hare-haren da ya kai ta teku, yana wawashe Rhodes.Constans ya jagoranci rundunar sojojin da suka kai wa musulmi hari a Phoinike (daga Lycia) a shekara ta 655 a Yaƙin Masts, amma aka ci nasara da shi: An lalata jiragen ruwa na Rumawa 500 a yaƙin, kuma an kusa kashe Sarkin da kansa.; A 658, tare da iyakar gabas a ƙarƙashin ƙarancin matsin lamba, Constans ya ci Slavs a cikin Balkans, na ɗan lokaci ya sake tabbatar da wani ra'ayi na mulkin Rumawa a kansu kuma ya sake tsugunar da wasu daga cikinsu a Anatolia (kimanin 649 ko 667).A shekara ta 659 ya yi kamfen mai nisa zuwa gabas, yana cin gajiyar tawaye ga Halifanci a Media.A shekarar ne ya yi sulhu da Larabawa.Duk da haka, tun da ya jawo ƙiyayya da 'yan ƙasar Constantinople, Constans ya yanke shawarar barin babban birnin kasar kuma ya koma Syracuse a Sicily. A kan hanyarsa, ya tsaya a Girka kuma ya yi yaƙi da Slavs a Tasalonika da nasara.Sa'an nan, a cikin hunturu na 662-663, ya yi sansaninsa a Athens.Daga can, a cikin 663, ya ci gaba zuwa Italiya.A cikin 663 Constans ya ziyarci Roma na kwanaki goma sha biyu - sarki ɗaya tilo da ya taka ƙafa a Roma tsawon ƙarni biyu - kuma Paparoma Vitalian ya karɓe shi da babbar daraja (657-672);

Tarihin kasar Sin na daular Tang (618-907 AZ) sun rubuta lambobin sadarwa tare da 'yan kasuwa daga "Fulin", sabon sunan da aka yi amfani da shi don tsara daular Byzantine.Alamar diflomasiyya ta farko da aka ruwaito ta faru ne a shekara ta 643 AZ a zamanin mulkin Constans II (641-668 AZ) da Sarkin Taizong na Tang (626-649 CE).Tsohon Littafin Tang, wanda Sabon Littafin Tang ya biyo baya, ya ba da sunan "Po-to-li" na Constans II, wanda Hirth ya zaci ya zama fassarar Konstantinos Pogonatos, ko "Constantine the Bearded", yana ba shi take. na wani sarki.Tarihin Tang ya rubuta cewa Constans II ya aika da ofishin jakadanci a cikin shekara ta 17 na zamanin mulkin Zhenguan (643 AZ), yana dauke da kyaututtukan jajayen gilashi da koren duwatsu masu daraja.Yule ya nuna cewa Yazdegerd III (r. 632-651 AZ), mai mulkin karshe na Daular Sasaniya , ya aika da jami'an diflomasiyya zuwa kasar Sin don samun taimako daga Sarkin sarakuna Taizong (wanda ake la'akari da suzerain a kan Ferghana a tsakiyar Asiya) a lokacin da aka yi hasarar yankin tsakiyar Farisa Halifancin Rashidun na Musulunci, wanda kuma mai yiwuwa ne ya sa Rumawa suka aike da wakilai zuwa kasar Sin a daidai lokacin da suka yi hasarar da suka yi a Syria a baya-bayan nan ga musulmi.Majiyoyin Tang na kasar Sin sun kuma rubuta yadda yariman Sasaniya Peroz III (636-679 AZ) ya gudu zuwa Tang China bayan mamaye Farisa da khalifancin Musulunci ya yi.

Bayan nasarar da suka samu a yakin Heliopolis a watan Yuli 640, da kuma mamayar Alexandria a watan Nuwamba 641, sojojin Larabawa sun mamaye lardin Romawa naMasar .Sabon Sarkin Byzantine Constans II ya kuduri aniyar kwato kasar, kuma ya ba da umarnin manyan runduna su kai sojoji zuwa Alexandria.Wadannan dakaru karkashin Manuel, sun kwace birnin da mamaki daga kananan sansaninsa na Larabawa zuwa karshen 645 a wani hari mai ban tsoro.A cikin 645, Rumawa ta haka ta dan lokaci ya ci nasara a Alexandria na dan lokaci.Amr a lokacin yana iya zama a Makka, kuma da sauri aka tuno da shi don ya zama kwamandan sojojin Larabawa a Masar.An gwabza kazamin fadan ne a karamin katangar garin Nikiou, kimanin kashi biyu bisa uku na hanya daga Iskandariyya zuwa Fustat, inda dakarun Larabawa suka kai kimanin 15,000, a kan wata karamar rundunar Byzantine.Larabawa sun yi nasara, sojojin Rumawa suka ja da baya cikin rudani, suka koma Iskandariya.Duk da cewa Rumawa sun rufe kofofin yaki da Larabawa da suke bi, amma a karshe birnin Iskandariya ya fada hannun Larabawa, wadanda suka mamaye birnin a wani lokaci a lokacin rani na wannan shekarar.Asara ta dindindin ta Masar ta bar Daular Rumawa ba tare da tushen abinci da kuɗi da ba za a iya maye gurbinsa ba.Sabuwar cibiyar ma'aikata da kudaden shiga ta koma Anatolia.Asarar Masar da Sham, daga baya bayan cin galaba a Afirka, shi ma yana nufin cewa tekun Mediterrenean, mai tsayi "tafkin Romawa", a yanzu an gwabza tsakanin kasashe biyu: Halifancin Musulmi da Rumawa.

A shekara ta 647, sojojin Rashidun -Arab karkashin jagorancin Abdallah ibn al-Sa'ad suka mamaye yankin Rumawa na Afirka.An ci Tripolitania, sai Sufetula mai tazarar mil 150 (kilomita 240) kudu da Carthage, sannan aka kashe gwamna da mai kiran kansa Sarkin Afirka Gregory.Sojojin Abdallah da ke ɗauke da ganima sun dawoMasar a shekara ta 648 bayan magajin Gregory, Gennadius, ya yi musu alkawarin ba su haraji na kusan 300,000 kowace shekara.

The Typos of Constans (kuma ana kiransa Nau'in Constans) doka ce da Sarkin Roma na gabas Constans II ya bayar a shekara ta 648 a yunƙurin kawar da ruɗani da gardama kan koyarwar Kiristi na Tauhidi .Fiye da ƙarnuka biyu, an yi ta muhawara mai zafi game da yanayin Kristi: Matsayin Chalcedonia na Orthodox ya ayyana Kristi a matsayin yana da yanayi biyu a cikin mutum ɗaya, yayin da abokan hamayyar Miaphysite suka yi iƙirarin cewa Yesu Kiristi yana da yanayi ɗaya kawai.A lokacin, daular Rumawa ta yi kusan shekaru hamsin a yakin da ta ke yi kuma ta yi hasarar manyan yankuna.An fuskanci babban matsin lamba don kafa haɗin kan cikin gida.Wannan ya sami cikas da ɗimbin Rumawa waɗanda suka ƙi Majalisar Chalcedon don goyon bayan Monophysitism.Typos ya yi ƙoƙarin yin watsi da duk rikice-rikice, kan azaba mai tsanani.Wannan ya kai ga sace Paparoma daga Roma don gwada shi da cin amanar kasa da kuma lalata daya daga cikin manyan abokan adawar Typos.Constans ya mutu a shekara ta 668.

A shekara ta 654, Muawiyah ya gudanar da wani balaguro a Kapadokya yayin da rundunarsa karkashin jagorancin Abu'l-Awar suka yi gaba a gabar tekun kudancin Anatoliya.Sarkin sarakuna Constans ya hau kansa da manyan jiragen ruwa.Saboda tsananin tabarbarewar teku, Tabari ya kwatanta jiragen ruwan Rumawa da na Larabawa da aka jera su a layi ana yi musu bulala, don ba da damar fafatawa.Larabawa sun yi nasara a yakin, ko da yake an yi asarar duka bangarorin biyu, kuma Constans ya tsere zuwa Konstantinoful.A cewar Theophanes, ya yi nasarar tserewa ne ta hanyar musayar kayan sawa da daya daga cikin jami’an sa.Yakin wani bangare ne na yakin farko da Muawiyah ya yi don isa Konstantinoful kuma ana daukarsa a matsayin "rikicin farko na Musulunci a kan zurfinsa".Nasarar musulmi ta kasance wani muhimmin al'amari a tarihin ruwa na tekun Bahar Rum.Tun da aka daɗe ana la'akari da shi a matsayin 'tafkin Romawa', Tekun Bahar Rum ya zama abin faɗa tsakanin ƙarfin sojan ruwa na Halifancin Rashidun mai tasowa da Daular Roma ta Gabas.Nasarar ta kuma share fagen fadada musulmi ba tare da hamayya ba a gabar tekun Arewacin Afirka.

A zamanin Umar gwamnan Sham Mu'awiyah na daya ya aike da bukatar a samar da sojojin ruwa domin mamaye tsibiran tekun Mediterrenean amma Umar ya ki amincewa da shawarar saboda hadarin da sojojin ke fuskanta.Da Uthman ya zama halifa, amma ya amince da bukatar Muawiyah.A shekara ta 650 Muawiyah ya kai hari Cyprus, inda ya mamaye babban birnin kasar, Constantia, bayan wani dan lokaci kadan, amma ya sanya hannu kan wata yarjejeniya da sarakunan yankin.A lokacin wannan balaguron, wani danginMuhammadu , Umm-Haram, ya fado daga alfadarinta kusa da tafkin Gishiri a Larnaca kuma aka kashe shi.An binne ta a daidai wannan wuri, wanda ya zama wuri mai tsarki ga Musulmai da Kirista da dama na yankin, kuma a cikin 1816, Daular Usmaniyya ta gina Hala Sultan Tekke a can.Bayan kama karya yarjejeniyar, Larabawa sun sake mamaye tsibirin a cikin 654 tare da jiragen ruwa dari biyar.A wannan karon, an bar sansanin sojoji 12,000 a Cyprus, wanda hakan ya sa tsibirin ƙarƙashin ikon musulmi.Bayan sun tashi daga Cyprus, rundunar musulmi ta nufi Kreeta sannan Rhodes suka ci su ba tare da juriya ba.Daga shekara ta 652 zuwa 654, musulmi sun kaddamar da yakin ruwa a Sicily tare da kwace wani yanki mai yawa na tsibirin.Ba da daɗewa ba bayan wannan, an kashe Uthman, wanda ya kawo ƙarshen manufofinsa na faɗaɗawa, kuma Musulmai sun ja da baya daga Sicily.A shekara ta 655 Sarkin Ruma Constans na biyu ya jagoranci rundunar sojoji da kansa don kai wa musulmi hari a Phoinike (daga Lycia) amma aka ci nasara: bangarorin biyu sun sha asara mai yawa a yakin, kuma sarki da kansa ya guje wa mutuwa.

Fitna ta farko ita ce yakin basasa na farko a cikin al'ummar musulmi wanda ya kai ga kifar da daular Rashidun da kafa daular Umayyawa.Yakin basasa ya kunshi manyan fadace-fadace guda uku tsakanin halifan Rashidun na hudu, Ali, da kungiyoyin 'yan tawaye.Tushen yakin basasa na farko ana iya samo asali ne tun bayan kashe halifa na biyu, Umar.Kafin ya rasu sakamakon raunukan da ya samu Umar ya kafa majalisa mai mutane shida, wadda daga karshe ta zabi Usman a matsayin halifa na gaba.A cikin shekarun karshe na halifancin Usman, an zarge shi da son zuciya, daga karshe ‘yan tawaye suka kashe shi a shekara ta 656. Bayan kashe Usman, aka zabi Ali a matsayin halifa na hudu.A’isha, Talha, da Zubair sun yi wa Ali tawaye don su tsige shi.Bangarorin biyu sun yi yakin Rakumi a watan Disamba 656, inda Ali ya yi nasara.Bayan haka, Mu'awiya, gwamnan Sham, ya shelanta yaki da Ali, wai don daukar fansa kan mutuwar Usman.Bangarorin biyu sun yi yakin Siffin a watan Yuli 657.

Constans ya ƙara jin tsoro cewa ƙanensa, Theodosius, zai iya kore shi daga kursiyin;Saboda haka ya wajabta wa Theodosius ya ɗauki umarni masu tsarki kuma daga baya ya sa a kashe shi a shekara ta 660. Duk da haka, da ya jawo ƙiyayya da mutanen Konstantinoful, Constans ya yanke shawarar barin babban birnin kuma ya ƙaura zuwa Syracuse a Sicily.A kan hanyarsa, ya tsaya a Girka kuma ya yi yaƙi da Slavs a Tasalonika da nasara.Sa'an nan, a cikin hunturu na 662-663, ya yi sansaninsa a Athens.Daga can, a cikin 663, ya ci gaba zuwaItaliya .Ya kai hari kan Lombard Duchy na Benevento, wanda ya mamaye yawancin Kudancin Italiya.Yin amfani da gaskiyar cewa Sarkin Lombard Grimoald I na Benevento ya yi yaƙi da sojojin Faransa daga Neustria, Constans ya tashi a Taranto kuma ya kewaye Lucera da Benevento.Duk da haka, na karshen ya yi tsayayya kuma Constans ya koma Naples.A lokacin tafiya daga Benevento zuwa Naples, Constans II ya ci nasara da Mitolas, Count of Capua, kusa da Pugna.Constans ya umarci Saburrus, kwamandan sojojinsa, ya sake kai hari ga Lombards, amma Beneventani ya ci shi a Forino, tsakanin Avellino da Salerno.A cikin 663 Constans ya ziyarci Roma na kwanaki goma sha biyu - sarki daya tilo da ya taka kafar Roma tsawon karni biyu - kuma Paparoma Vitalian (657-672) ya karbe shi da girma.

Tun a shekara ta 668 ne Halifa Muawiyah Na samu gayyata daga Saborios, kwamandan sojoji a Armeniya , don ya taimaka wajen hambarar da sarki a Konstantinoful.Ya tura dakaru karkashin dansa Yazid yaki da Daular Rumawa.Yazid ya isa Chalcedon kuma ya dauki muhimmin cibiyar Byzantine Amorion.Yayin da aka kwato birnin da sauri, Larabawa suka kai hari a Carthage da Sicily a shekara ta 669. A shekara ta 670 Larabawa suka kama Cyzicus kuma suka kafa wani tushe daga inda za su kai hare-hare a tsakiyar Daular.Rundunarsu ta kama Smyrna da sauran garuruwan bakin teku a shekara ta 672.

A ranar 15 ga Yuli, 668, mai ba da shawara ya kashe Contans II a cikin wankansa, a cewar Theophilus na Edessa, da guga.Ɗansa Constantine ya gaje shi a matsayin Constantine IV.Sabon sarki ya murkushe wani ɗan kwata-kwata a Sicily da Mezezius ya yi.Constantine IV shi ne Sarkin Rumawa daga shekara ta 668 zuwa 685. A zamanin mulkinsa ya ga babban bincike na farko zuwa kusan shekaru 50 na fadada Musulunci ba tare da katsewa ba, yayin da kiransa na Majalisar Ecumenical ta shida ya kawo karshen takaddamar Tauhidi a Daular Rumawa;saboda wannan, ana girmama shi a matsayin waliyyi a Cocin Orthodox na Gabas, tare da ranar idinsa a ranar 3 ga Satumba. Ya yi nasarar kare Konstantinoful daga Larabawa.

Yakin farko da Larabawa suka yi wa Konstantinoful a shekara ta 674 – 678 shi ne babban rikici na yakin Larabawa –Byzantine, kuma shi ne karon farko na dabarun fadada daular Umayyawa zuwa Daular Rumawa, karkashin jagorancin Halifa Mu’awiya I. Mu’awiya, wanda ya yi nasara. A shekara ta 661 ya zama mai mulkin daular larabawa musulmi bayan yakin basasa, ya sake sabonta yakin basasa da Byzantium bayan wasu shekaru da suka wuce kuma ya yi fatan kaiwa ga mumunar hari ta hanyar kwace babban birnin Rumawa, Constantinople.Kamar yadda mai ba da labari na Byzantine Theophanes the Confessor ya ruwaito, harin Larabawa ya kasance mai dabara: a cikin 672-673 jiragen ruwa na Larabawa sun sami sansani a bakin tekun Asiya Ƙarama, sannan suka ci gaba da kafa shingen shinge a kusa da Constantinople.Sun yi amfani da tsibirin Cyzicus da ke kusa da birnin a matsayin sansanin lokacin sanyi, kuma suna komawa duk lokacin bazara don kai hare-hare a kan katangar birnin.A ƙarshe, Rumawa, karkashin Sarkin sarakuna Constantine IV, sun yi nasarar lalata sojojin ruwa na Larabawa ta hanyar amfani da wani sabon ƙirƙira, wani abu mai tayar da ruwa wanda aka sani da wutar Girka.Rumawa kuma sun yi galaba a kan sojojin ƙasar Larabawa a yankin Asiya Ƙarama, wanda ya tilasta musu dage yaƙin.Nasarar da Rumawa ta samu na da matukar muhimmanci ga rayuwar kasar Rumawa, saboda barazanar Larabawa ta ja baya na wani lokaci.An rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya ba da dadewa ba, kuma bayan barkewar wani yakin basasa na musulmi, Rumawa ma sun sami wani lokaci na hawan halifanci.

Sifen Tasalonika (676-678 AZ) ya faru ne a cikin yanayin karuwar kasancewar Slavic da matsin lamba akan Daular Byzantine.Farkon hare-haren Slavic sun fara ne a lokacin mulkin Justinian I (527-565 AZ), yana ƙaruwa tare da goyon bayan Avar Khaganate a cikin 560s, wanda ya haifar da gagarumin ƙauyuka a cikin Balkans.Daular Byzantine ta mayar da hankali kan rikice-rikice na Gabas da rikice-rikice na cikin gida sun sauƙaƙe ci gaban Slavic da Avar, wanda ya ƙare a cikin sanannen kasancewar Tasalonika a cikin 610s, yadda ya kamata ya ware birnin.A tsakiyar karni na 7, ƙungiyoyin Slavic masu haɗin gwiwa, ko Sclavinia, sun kafa, suna ƙalubalantar ikon Byzantine.Amsar Rumawa ta haɗa da yaƙin neman zaɓe na soja da ƙaura da Slavs zuwa Asiya Ƙarama da Sarkin sarakuna Constans II ya yi a shekara ta 658. Tashin hankali da Slavs ya tsananta sa’ad da aka kama Perboundos, shugaban Slavic, kuma daga baya Rumawa suka kashe shi, wanda ya haifar da tawaye.Wannan ya haifar da haɗe-haɗe da ƙabilun Slavic a Tasalonika, suna amfani da shagaltuwar Rumawa da barazanar Larabawa.Kawayen da aka yi, wanda ake yawan kai hare-hare da kuma killace garin, ya sanya birnin ke fama da yunwa da kebewa.Duk da mummunan halin da ake ciki, shiga tsakani na ban al'ajabi da aka danganta ga Saint Demetrius da dabarun soja da martani na diflomasiyya daga Rumawa, gami da balaguron agaji, daga ƙarshe ya rage halin da birnin ke ciki.Slavs sun ci gaba da kai hare-hare amma sun mayar da hankali ga ayyukan sojan ruwa har sai sojojin Byzantine, a karshe sun iya magance barazanar Slavic bayan rikicin Larabawa, sun yi fatali da Slavs a Thrace.Muhawarar malamai kan ƙayyadaddun tarihin kewayen ya bambanta, tare da haɗin kai na yanzu yana goyon bayan 676-678 CE, wanda ya yi daidai da Siege na Larabawa na Farko na Konstantinoful.Wannan lokacin yana nuna wani muhimmin lamari a cikin hulɗar Byzantine-Slavic, yana nuna rikitattun siyasar Balkan na da da kuma juriya na Tasalonika a cikin matsi na waje.

A cikin shekaru biyar masu zuwa, Larabawa suna komawa kowace bazara don ci gaba da kewayen Konstantinoful, amma tare da sakamako iri ɗaya.Birnin ya tsira, kuma a karshe a cikin 678 an tilasta wa Larabawa tayar da kewaye.Larabawa sun janye kuma kusan lokaci guda aka ci su a kasa a Lycia a Anatoliya.Wannan koma baya da ba zato ba tsammani ya tilasta wa Muawiyah na daya neman sulhu da Constantine.Sharuɗɗan sulhun da aka kammala ya buƙaci Larabawa su ƙaurace wa tsibiran da suka kwace a cikin Tekun Aegean, kuma Rumawa su biya harajin shekara-shekara ga Halifancin da ya ƙunshi bayi hamsin, dawakai hamsin, da nomismata 300,000.Ƙaddamar da kewayen ya ba wa Constantine damar zuwa taimako na Tasalonika, har yanzu ana kewaye da Sclaveni.

A cikin 680, Bulgars karkashin Khan Asparukh sun ketare Danube zuwa yankin da ba a sani ba kuma suka fara mamaye al'ummomin yankin da kabilun Slavic.A cikin 680, Constantine IV ya jagoranci rundunar hadin gwiwa ta kasa da ta ruwa a kan maharan tare da kewaye sansaninsu na kagara a Dobruja.Da yake fama da rashin lafiya, sai da Sarkin ya bar sojojin, wanda ya firgita kuma; aka ci nasara da shi; a hannun Asparuh a Onglos, wani yanki mai fadama a cikin ko kusa da Danube Delta inda Bulgars suka kafa sansani.Bulgars sun ci gaba zuwa kudu, suka keta tsaunin Balkan suka mamaye Thrace.A shekara ta 681, an tilasta wa Rumawa su sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya mai wulakanci, wanda ya tilasta musu amincewa da Bulgaria a matsayin kasa mai cin gashin kanta, don ba da yankuna zuwa arewacin tsaunin Balkan da kuma biyan haraji na shekara-shekara.A cikin tarihinsa na duniya, marubucin Yammacin Turai Sigebert na Gembloux ya bayyana cewa an kafa ƙasar Bulgariya a shekara ta 680. Wannan ita ce jiha ta farko da daular ta gane a yankin Balkan kuma a karon farko da ta mika wuya bisa doka ta yi iƙirarin mallakar wani yanki na yankunan Balkan.

Justinian II shi ne sarki na ƙarshe na Byzantine na daular Heraclian, yana mulki daga 685 zuwa 695 da kuma sake daga 705 zuwa 711. Kamar Justinian I , Justinian II ya kasance mai buri kuma mai sha'awar mulki wanda ke da sha'awar maido da daular Roma zuwa ga tsohon daukaka, amma ya mai da martani mai tsanani ga duk wani hamayya da nufinsa kuma ba shi da tarar mahaifinsa, Constantine IV.Sakamakon haka, ya haifar da adawa mai yawa ga mulkinsa, wanda ya haifar da saka shi a cikin 695 a cikin zanga-zangar jama'a.Ya koma kursiyin ne kawai a 705 tare da taimakon Bulgar da Slav sojojin.Mulkinsa na biyu ya ma fi na farko wulakanci, shi ma ya ga an yi masa juyin mulki a shekara ta 711. Sojojinsa suka yi watsi da shi, suka juya masa baya kafin su kashe shi.

Yakin basasar daular Umayyawa ya bayar da dama ga daular Rumawa ta kai farmaki kan abokin hamayyarta mai rauni, kuma a shekara ta 686, Sarkin sarakuna Justinian na biyu ya aika Leontios ya mamaye yankin Umayyawa a Armeniya da Iberia, inda ya yi yakin neman zabe cikin nasara, kafin ya jagoranci sojoji a Adharbayjan da kuma Iberia. Albaniya na Caucasian;a lokacin yakin neman zabe ya tara ganima.Nasarar yakin neman zaben Leontios ya tilastawa Halifan Umayyawa, Abd al-Malik bn Marwan, da ya kai karar zaman lafiya a shekara ta 688, inda ya amince ya ba da wani bangare na haraji daga yankin Umayyawa a Armeniya, Iberia, da Cyprus, da kuma sabunta wata yarjejeniya da aka kulla tun asali karkashin Constantine. IV, yana ba da kyautar zinare 1,000 kowane mako, doki ɗaya, da bawa ɗaya.

Saboda nasarorin da Constantine IV ya samu, al'amura a lardunan Gabashin Daular sun tabbata a lokacin da Justinian ya hau karagar mulki.Bayan yajin aikin share fage ga Larabawa a Armeniya , Justinian ya yi nasarar ƙara adadin kuɗin da Khalifofin Umayyawa ke biya a matsayin harajin shekara, da kuma maido da wani yanki na Cyprus.An raba kudaden shiga na lardunan Armeniya da Iberia a tsakanin daulolin biyu.Justinian ya rattaba hannu kan wata yarjejeniya da Halifa Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan wadda ta mayar da kasar Cyprus tsaka tsaki, tare da raba kudaden haraji.Justinian ya yi amfani da zaman lafiya a Gabas don dawo da mallakar ƙasashen Balkan, waɗanda kafin lokacin kusan gaba ɗaya suke ƙarƙashin duga-dugan kabilun Slavic.A cikin 687 Justinian ya tura sojojin doki daga Anatolia zuwa Thrace.Tare da babban yaƙin neman zaɓe na soja a cikin 688–689, Justinian ya ci Bulgars na Makidoniya kuma a ƙarshe ya sami damar shiga Tasalonika, birni na biyu mafi mahimmanci na Byzantine a Turai.

Bayan da aka mamaye Slavs, da yawa sun sake zama a Anatolia, inda za su ba da rundunar sojoji 30,000.Ƙarfafawa da karuwar dakarunsa a Anatoliya, Justinian yanzu ya sake sabunta yakin da Larabawa.Tare da taimakon sababbin sojojinsa, Justinian ya ci nasara a yaƙi da abokan gaba a Armeniya a shekara ta 693, amma ba da daɗewa ba Larabawa suka ba su cin hanci don tayar da hankali.Rundunar Banu Umayyawa ta kasance karkashin jagorancin Muhammad bn Marwan.Leontios ne ya jagoranci Rumawa kuma sun haɗa da "dakaru na musamman" na 30,000 Slavs karkashin shugabansu, Neboulos.Banu Umayya sun fusata da karya yarjejjeniyar, sun yi amfani da kwafin rubutunta a wurin da aka kafa tuta.Ko da yake yaƙin ya zama kamar yana karkata ga fa'idar Byzantine, ɓatawar sama da 20,000 Slavs ya tabbatar da cin nasara a Byzantine.An tilasta Justinian ya gudu zuwa Propontis.A sakamakon haka, Justinian ya daure Leontios a kurkuku saboda wannan shan kashi.

Yayin da manufofin ƙasa na Justinian II ke barazana ga masu mulki, manufar harajinsa ba ta da farin jini ga jama'a.Ta bakin wakilansa Stephen da Theodotos, sarkin ya tara kuɗin don jin daɗin ɗanɗanonsa mai daɗi da jin daɗinsa na gina gine-gine masu tsada.Wannan, rashin jin daɗin addini da ke gudana, yana cin karo da masu mulkin mallaka, da rashin jin daɗin manufofinsa na sake tsugunar da jama'a daga ƙarshe ya kori talakawansa cikin tawaye.A cikin 695 yawan jama'a sun tashi a ƙarƙashin Leontios, dabarun Hellas, kuma suka ayyana shi Sarkin sarakuna.An cire Justinian kuma an yanke masa hanci (daga baya aka maye gurbinsa da wani kwafin zinari na asali) don hana shi sake neman kujerar sarauta: irin wannan lalata ya zama ruwan dare a al'adun Byzantine.An kai shi gudun hijira zuwa Cherson a cikin Crimea.

Banu Umayyawa , wanda Leontius ya ji rauni ya jajirce, sun mamaye Exarchate na Afirka a cikin 696, suka kama Carthage a cikin 697. Leontius ya aika da patrikios John su kwato birnin.John ya sami damar kwace Carthage bayan wani harin ba-zata da aka kai a tashar ruwa.Duk da haka, ƙarfafawar Umayyad ba da daɗewa ba ya sake mamaye birnin, wanda ya tilasta John ya koma Crete kuma ya sake haduwa.Ƙungiyar hafsoshi, suna tsoron azabar Sarkin sarakuna saboda gazawarsu, suka tayar da shelar Apsimar, drungarios (kwamandan matsakaici) na Cibyrrhaeots, sarki.Apsimar ya ɗauki sunan sarauta Tiberius, ya tattara rundunar jiragen ruwa ya haɗa kansa da ƙungiyar Green, kafin ya tashi zuwa Constantinople, wanda ke jure wa annoba ta bubonic.Bayan watanni da dama na kewaye, birnin ya mika wuya ga Tiberius, a shekara ta 698. Chronicon Altinate ya ba da ranar 15 ga Fabrairu. Tiberius ya kama Leontius, kuma an tsaga masa hanci kafin ya tsare shi a gidan sufi na Dalmatou.

Tiberius III shi ne Sarkin Byzantine daga 15 Fabrairu 698 zuwa 10 Yuli ko 21 ga Agusta 705 CE.A cikin 696, Tiberius yana cikin rundunar da John Patrician ya jagoranta wanda Sarkin Ruma Leontios ya aiko don sake kwato birnin Carthage a cikin Exarchate na Afirka, wanda Larabawa Umayyads suka kama.Bayan da suka kwace birnin, sai sojojin Umayyawa suka kori su, suka koma tsibirin Karita;Wasu daga cikin hafsoshi, saboda tsoron fushin Leontios, suka kashe Yahaya suka naɗa Tiberius sarki.Tiberius ya tattara jiragen ruwa da sauri, ya tashi zuwa Konstantinoful, ya kori Leontios.Tiberius bai yi yunkurin kwato Afrika ta Byzantine daga hannun Umayyawa ba, amma ya yi yakin neman zabe a kan iyakar gabas da wasu nasarori.

Armeniyawa sun kaddamar da gagarumin tawaye ga Banu Umayyawa a shekara ta 702, suna neman taimakon Rumawa.Abdallah bn Abd al-Malik ya kaddamar da yakin sake mamaye kasar Armeniya a shekara ta 704 amma Heraclius, dan'uwan sarki Tiberius na uku ya kai masa hari a Kilicia.Heraclius ya ci Larabawa sojojin 10,000-12,000 jagorancin Yazid ibn Hunain a Sisium, kashe mafi yawan kuma bautar da sauran;duk da haka, Heraclius bai iya hana Abdallah ibn Abd al-Malik daga reconquering Armenia.

Justinian II ya tunkari Tervel na Bulgaria wanda ya yarda ya ba da duk taimakon soja da ake bukata don Justinian don sake samun kursiyinsa don musanya kudi, kyautar kambi na Kaisar, da hannun ’yar Justinian, Anastasia, a aure.A cikin bazara 705, tare da sojojin 15,000 Bulgar da mahaya na Slav, Justinian ya bayyana a gaban ganuwar Konstantinoful.Kwanaki uku, Justinian ya yi ƙoƙari ya shawo kan mutanen Konstantinoful don buɗe ƙofofin, amma abin ya ci tura.Ya kasa kwace birnin da karfin tsiya, shi da wasu abokansa sun shiga ta wata magudanar ruwa da ba a yi amfani da su ba a karkashin katangar birnin, suka tada magoya bayansu, suka kwace iko da birnin a cikin tsakar dare.Justinian sau ɗaya ya hau kan karagar mulki, ya karya al'adar hana yankewa daga mulkin Imperial.Bayan bin diddigin magabata, ya sa aka kawo abokan hamayyarsa Leontius da Tiberius a gabansa a cikin sarkoki a cikin Hippodrome.A can, a gaban jama'a masu izgili, Justinian, wanda yanzu sanye da rigar hanci ta zinare, ya dora ƙafafunsa a wuyan Tiberius da Leontius a wata alama ta ƙasƙanci kafin ya ba da umarnin a kashe su ta hanyar fille kawunansu, da yawa daga cikin 'yan bangarsu suka biyo baya, tare da sauke shi daga kujerar mulki. , makanta kuma mai gudun hijira Kallinikos na Konstantinoful zuwa Roma.

A shekara ta 708 Justinian ya juya kan ɗan ƙasar Bulgeriya Khan Tervel, wanda tun da farko ya naɗa sarautar Kaisar, kuma ya mamaye ƙasar Bulgeriya, da alama yana neman maido da yankunan da aka ba Tervel a matsayin lada don goyon bayansa a shekara ta 705. An ci nasara da Sarkin sarakuna, an tare shi a Anchialus, kuma ya tilasta masa ja da baya.Aminci tsakanin Bulgaria da Byzantium ya dawo da sauri.;

Garuruwan Kilisiya sun fada hannun Banu Umayyawa , wadanda suka shiga Kapadokiya a shekara ta 709-711.Yankin ya kasance, duk da haka, an riga an lalata shi gaba ɗaya tun tsakiyar karni na 7 kuma ya kafa ƙasar ba ta kowa tsakanin Romawa da Halifanci.Yankunan yamma na tsohon lardin Kilicia sun kasance a hannun Roman kuma sun zama wani ɓangare na Jigon Cibyrrhaeot.Matsayin da ake yi ba zai canza ba sama da shekaru 260 kafin a ƙarshe aka sake cin Cilicia ga Romawa a cikin 950s da 960s ta Nikephoros Phokas da John Tzimiskes.

Mulkin Justinian II ya sake haifar da tashin hankali a kansa.Cherson ya yi tawaye, kuma a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Janar Bardanes da aka yi gudun hijira birnin ya ci gaba da fuskantar farmaki.Ba da daɗewa ba, sojojin da aka aika don murkushe tawayen suka shiga cikinta.Daga nan ne ‘yan tawayen suka kwace babban birnin kasar suka shelanta Bardanes a matsayin Sarkin sarakuna Filibi;Justinian ya kasance yana kan hanyarsa ta zuwa Armenia , kuma bai iya komawa Konstantinoful a cikin lokaci don kare shi ba.An kama shi kuma aka kashe shi a watan Nuwamba 711, an nuna kansa a Roma da Ravenna.Mulkin Justinian ya ga ci gaba da tafiyar hawainiya da ci gaba na sauye-sauye na Daular Byzantine, yayin da al'adun da aka gada daga tsohuwar ƙasar Roman ta Latin ke ci gaba da lalacewa.Wani sarki mai ibada, Justinian shine sarki na farko da ya haɗa da siffar Kristi a kan tsabar kuɗi da aka bayar da sunansa kuma ya yi ƙoƙari ya haramta bukukuwa da ayyuka na arna dabam-dabam da suka ci gaba a cikin Daular.Wataƙila ya san kansa da kansa ya ƙirƙira kansa a kan sunan sa, Justinian I , kamar yadda aka gani a cikin sha'awarsa na manyan ayyukan gine-gine da kuma canza sunan matarsa ​​Khazar da sunan Theodora.