Daular Bulgaria ta biyu

A cikin 1018, lokacin da Sarkin Bizantine Basil II (r. 976-1025) ya ci daular Bulgarian ta farko , ya yi mulkinta a hankali.Tsarin haraji da ake da shi, dokoki, da ikon ƙananan masu daraja sun kasance ba su canza ba har mutuwarsa a shekara ta 1025. The autocephalous Bulgarian Patriarchate ya kasance ƙarƙashin jagorancin Ecumenical Patriarch a Constantinople kuma ya rage zuwa wani babban bishop a Ohrid, yayin da yake riƙe da ikonsa da dioceses. .Basil ya nada ɗan Bulgarian John I Debranin a matsayin babban Bishop na farko, amma magajinsa 'yan Rumawa ne.An bai wa sarakunan Bulgaria da dangin tsar sunayen sarauta iri-iri na Byzantine kuma an tura su zuwa sassan Asiya na daular.Duk da wahalhalu, harshe, adabi, da al’adun Bulgaria sun tsira;Nassosin zamani na rayuwa suna nufin da kuma inganta daular Bulgaria.Yawancin sabbin yankuna da aka mamaye an haɗa su cikin jigogin Bulgaria , Sirmium, da Paristion.Kamar yadda daular Byzantine ta ki a karkashin magada Basil, mamayewar Pechenegs da hauhawar haraji sun ba da gudummawa ga karuwar rashin jin daɗi, wanda ya haifar da manyan tashe-tashen hankula a cikin 1040-41, 1070s, da 1080s.Cibiyar farko ta juriya ita ce jigon Bulgeriya, a ƙasar Makidoniya a yanzu, inda aka yi gagarumin tashin hankalin Peter Delyan (1040-41) da kuma tashin Georgi Voiteh (1072).Hukumomin Byzantine sun kashe su da kyar.Wadannan sun biyo bayan tawaye a Paristrion da Thrace.A lokacin Maido da Komneniya da kwanciyar hankali na wucin gadi na Daular Byzantine a farkon rabin karni na 12, Bulgarian sun sami kwanciyar hankali kuma ba a sami wani babban tawaye ba sai daga baya a cikin karni.

Mummunan mulki na sarki na Comneniya na ƙarshe Andronikos I (r. 1183-85) ya tsananta yanayin ƙauyen Bulgaria da manyan mutane.Abu na farko da magajinsa Isaac II Angelos ya yi shi ne sanya ƙarin haraji don biyan kuɗin bikin aurensa.A shekara ta 1185, ’yan’uwa biyu na Tarnovo, Theodore da Asen, sun roƙi sarki ya sa su soja ya ba su ƙasa, amma Isaac II ya ƙi ya mari Asen a fuska.Da suka koma Tarnovo, ’yan’uwan sun ba da izini a gina cocin da aka keɓe wa Saint Demetrius na Salonica.Sun nuna wa jama'ar wani gunki na waliyyai, wanda suka yi iƙirarin ya bar Salonica don tallafa wa al'amuran Bulgaria kuma ya yi kira ga tawaye.Wannan matakin ya yi tasirin da ake so a kan mabiya addinai, waɗanda da ƙwazo suka yi tawaye ga Rumawa.Theodore, ɗan'uwa, an naɗa Sarkin Bulgaria a ƙarƙashin sunan Peter IV.Kusan dukkan Bulgaria da ke arewacin tsaunin Balkan—yankin da aka fi sani da Moesia—sun shiga cikin ‘yan tawayen nan da nan, waɗanda kuma suka sami taimakon Cuman, ƙabilar Turkawa da ke zaune a arewacin kogin Danube.Ba da daɗewa ba Cuman ya zama wani muhimmin ɓangare na sojojin Bulgaria, suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin nasarorin da suka biyo baya.Da tawayen ya barke, Peter IV ya yi yunkurin kwace tsohon babban birnin Preslav amma ya kasa;ya ayyana Tarnovo a matsayin babban birnin Bulgaria.

Daga Moesia, 'yan Bulgaria sun kaddamar da hare-hare a arewacin Thrace yayin da sojojin Rumawa ke fafatawa da Normans , wadanda suka kai hari kan dukiyar Rumawa a yammacin Balkans kuma suka kori Salonica, birni na biyu mafi girma na Daular.Rumawa sun mayar da martani a tsakiyar 1186, lokacin da Isaac II ya shirya yakin murkushe tawayen kafin ya ci gaba da yaduwa.'Yan Bulgarian sun tabbatar da wucewar fasinjan amma sojojin na Byzantine sun sami hanyar tsallaka tsaunuka saboda husufin rana.Sojojin Rumawa sun yi nasarar kai farmaki kan 'yan tawayen, inda da yawa daga cikinsu suka tsere daga arewacin Danube, tare da yin mu'amala da 'yan kabilar Cuman.A cikin alama ta alama, Ishaku na II ya shiga gidan Bitrus ya ɗauki gunkin Saint Dimitiriyas, ta haka ya sami tagomashin tsarkaka.Duk da haka yana cikin barazanar kwanto daga tsaunuka, Ishaku ya dawo da gaggawa zuwa Konstantinoful don murnar nasararsa.Don haka, lokacin da sojojin Bulgaria da na Vlach suka dawo, sun ƙarfafa tare da abokansu na Cuman, sun sami yankin ba shi da kariya kuma sun dawo ba kawai tsohuwar ƙasarsu ba, har ma da dukan Moesia, wani babban mataki na kafa sabuwar kasar Bulgaria .

Yanzu Sarkin sarakuna ya ba wa kawunsa, John the sebastocrator amanar yaƙin, wanda ya sami nasara da yawa a kan ’yan tawayen amma shi kansa ya yi tawaye.An maye gurbinsa da surukin sarki, John Kantakouzenos, ƙwararren masanin dabarun yaƙi amma bai san dabarun yaƙin da masu hawan dutse ke amfani da shi ba.An yi wa sojojinsa kwanton bauna, sun sha asara mai yawa, bayan rashin hikima sun bi abokan gaba cikin tsaunuka.

A ƙarshen kaka na 1186, sojojin Byzantine sun yi tafiya zuwa arewa ta Sredets (Sofia).An shirya yakin don ba da mamaki ga Bulgarians .Duk da haka, yanayin yanayi mai tsanani da farkon lokacin sanyi ya jinkirta Rumawa kuma sojojinsu sun kasance a Sredets a duk lokacin hunturu.A cikin bazara na shekara ta gaba, an sake yin kamfen, amma abin mamaki ya tafi kuma 'yan Bulgaria sun dauki matakan hana hanyar zuwa babban birninsu Tarnovo.Maimakon Rumawa sun kewaye kagara mai karfi na Lovech.Tsawon watanni uku aka yi wa kawanya kuma ba a yi nasara ba.Nasarar da suka samu ita ce kama matar Asen, amma an tilastawa Ishaku amincewa da sasantawa don haka ya amince da maido da Daular Bulgaria.

Janar na uku da ke kula da yaki da 'yan tawayen shi ne Alexius Branas, wanda shi kuma ya yi tawaye ya juya kan Konstantinoful.Ishaku ya ci shi da taimakon surukinsa na biyu, Conrad na Montferrat, amma wannan rikicin cikin gida ya karkatar da hankali daga ’yan tawaye kuma Ishaku ya iya aika da sabuwar sojoji a watan Satumba na shekara ta 1187. Rumawa sun sami ‘yan ƙanana kaɗan. nasara kafin lokacin sanyi, amma 'yan tawayen, waɗanda Cuman suka taimaka da kuma amfani da dabarun tsaunuka, har yanzu suna da fa'ida.A cikin bazara na shekara ta 1187, Ishaku ya kai hari ga kagara na Lovech, amma ya kasa kama shi bayan da aka yi wa kawanya na watanni uku.Ƙasar da ke tsakanin Haemus Mons da Danube a yanzu sun ɓace ga daular Rumawa, wanda ya kai ga sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar sulhu, don haka tabbatar da amincewa da mulkin Asen da Bitrus a kan yankin, wanda ya haifar da kafa daular Bulgaria ta biyu.The kawai ta'aziyya na Sarkin sarakuna shi ne ya rike, a matsayin garkuwa, matar Asen da wani John (nan gaba Kaloyan na Bulgaria), ɗan'uwan biyu sabon shugabanni na Bulgarian jihar .

A cikin kawance da Bulgeriya da Vlachs , an yi imanin cewa Cumans sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a rikicin da 'yan'uwa Asen da Peter na Tarnovo suka jagoranta, wanda ya haifar da nasara a kan Byzantium da kuma maido da 'yancin kai na Bulgaria a 1185. István Vásáry ya bayyana cewa ba tare da juyin juya hali ba. Haɗin kai mai aiki na Cumans, 'yan tawayen Vlakho-Bulgaria ba za su taɓa samun galaba a kan Rumawa ba, kuma a ƙarshe ba tare da tallafin soja na Cumans ba, ba za a taɓa samun aiwatar da tsarin dawo da Bulgarian ba.Shigar da Cuman a cikin ƙirƙirar daular Bulgaria ta biyu a cikin 1185 sannan kuma ya haifar da canje-canje na asali a fagen siyasa da kabilanci na Bulgaria da Balkans.Cumans sun kasance ƙawance a Yaƙin Bulgarian-Latin tare da sarki Kaloyan na Bulgaria.

Bayan da aka kewaye Lovech a 1187, Sarkin Byzantine Ishaku II Angelos ya tilasta yin sulhu, don haka tabbatar da 'yancin kai na Bulgaria .Har zuwa 1189, bangarorin biyu sun lura da tsagaita wuta.'Yan Bulgariya sun yi amfani da wannan lokacin don kara tsara tsarin tafiyar da harkokinsu da sojoji.Lokacin da sojojin Crusade na uku suka isa ƙasashen Bulgaria a Niš, Asen da Bitrus sun ba da taimako ga Sarkin Daular Roma mai tsarki, Frederick I Barbarosa, tare da sojojin 40,000 a kan Rumawa.Duk da haka, dangantakar da ke tsakanin 'yan Salibiyya da Rumawa ta yi kyau, kuma an kauce wa shawarar Bulgaria.Rumawa sun shirya kamfen na uku don ɗaukar fansa ayyukan Bulgaria.Kamar mamaya guda biyu da suka gabata, sun yi nasarar shawo kan tsaunukan Balkan.Sun yi baƙar magana da ke nuna cewa za su wuce kusa da teku ta wurin Pomorie, amma maimakon haka suka nufi yamma suka wuce ta Rishki Pass zuwa Preslav.Sojojin Byzantine na gaba sun yi tattaki zuwa yamma don yiwa babban birnin Tarnovo kawanya.A lokaci guda kuma, jiragen ruwa na Byzantine sun isa Danube don hana hanyar Cuman taimako daga yankunan arewacin Bulgaria.Sifen Tarnovo bai yi nasara ba.Asen da kansa ne ya jagoranci tsaron birnin kuma kwarin gwiwar dakarunsa ya yi yawa.Dabi'ar Rumawa kuwa, ya yi ƙasa sosai saboda dalilai da yawa: rashin samun nasarar soji, hasarar rayuka da yawa musamman ma cewa albashin sojoji yana kan kari.An yi amfani da wannan Asen, wanda ya aika da wakili a cikin kamannin mai gudu zuwa sansanin Byzantine.Mutumin ya gaya wa Isaac II cewa, duk da ƙoƙarin da sojojin ruwa na Byzantine suka yi, wani babban sojojin Cuman sun wuce kogin Danube kuma suna tafiya zuwa Tarnovo don farfado da kewayen.Sarkin Bizantine ya firgita kuma nan da nan ya yi kira da a ja da baya ta hanyar wucewa mafi kusa.

Sarkin Bulgaria ya yanke shawarar cewa abokin hamayyarsa zai bi ta hanyar Tryavna Pass.Sojojin Rumawa sun yi tattaki sannu a hankali zuwa kudu, sojojinsu da jirgin dakon kaya sun yi tafiyar kilomita.'Yan kasar Bulgaria sun isa gabansu inda suka yi kwanton bauna daga kololuwar wani lungu da sako.Jami'an tsaron na Byzantine sun mayar da hankali wajen kai hari a cibiyar da shugabannin Bulgaria ke tsaye, amma da zarar manyan sojojin biyu suka hadu aka yi artabu da hannu da hannu, 'yan Bulgarian da ke kan tudu sun yi wa sojojin Rumawa ruwan duwatsu da kibau.A firgice ne Rumawa suka watse suka fara ja da baya ba tare da wani tsari ba, lamarin da ya sa aka tuhumi Bulgeriya, inda suka kashe duk wanda ke kan hanyarsa.Da kyar Isaac II ya tsere;sai da masu gadinsa suka yanke hanya ta cikin sojojin nasu, wanda hakan ya baiwa kwamandansu damar tserewa daga harin.Masanin tarihin Rumawa Niketas Choniates ya rubuta cewa Isaac Angelos ne kawai ya tsira kuma yawancin sauran sun halaka.Yakin ya kasance babban bala'i ga Rumawa.Sojojin da suka yi nasara sun kama dukiyar daular da suka hada da kwalkwali na zinariya na sarakunan Rumawa, kambi da kuma Imperial Cross wanda aka dauke shi mafi daraja mallakar sarakunan Byzantine - wani katafaren gidan ajiyar zinari mai dauke da wani yanki na Cross Cross.Wani limamin Rumawa ne ya jefa shi a cikin kogin amma ’yan kasar Bulgeriya suka gano shi.Nasarar ta kasance mai mahimmanci ga Bulgaria .Har zuwa wannan lokacin, Sarkin sarakuna shine Peter IV, amma, bayan manyan nasarorin da ƙanensa ya samu, an yi masa shelar Sarkin sarakuna daga baya a waccan shekarar.

A cikin shekaru huɗu masu zuwa, yaƙin ya koma kudancin tsaunin Balkan.Rumawa ba za su iya fuskantar dawakai na sojojin Bulgaria masu sauri ba wadanda suka kai hari daga bangarori daban-daban a wani yanki mai fadi.A shekara ta 1194, dabarar Ivan Asen na saurin kai hari a wurare daban-daban ta biya, kuma nan da nan ya mamaye manyan biranen Sofia, Niš da kewaye da kuma babban kwarin Struma daga inda sojojinsa suka ci gaba zuwa Macedonia.

Don kawar da hankalinsa Rumawa sun yanke shawarar kai hari a gabas.Sun tattara sojojin Gabas karkashin kwamandansu Alexios Gidos da sojojin Yamma a karkashin Basil Vatatzes na cikin gida don dakatar da tashin hankali na ikon Bulgaria .Kusa da Arcadiopolis a Gabashin Thrace sun hadu da sojojin Bulgaria.Bayan an gwabza kazamin yaki an hallaka sojojin Rumawa.Yawancin sojojin Gidos sun halaka kuma dole ne ya gudu don tsira da ransa, yayin da sojojin Yamma suka kashe gaba daya kuma aka kashe Basil Vatatzes a fagen fama.

Bayan shan kaye Isaac II Angelos ya kulla kawance da Sarkin Hungarian Bela III kan abokan gaba.Dole ne Byzantium ya kai hari daga kudanci kuma Hungary ita ce ta mamaye yankunan arewa maso yammacin Bulgaria kuma ta dauki Belgrade, Branichevo da Vidin amma shirin ya ci tura.A cikin Maris 1195 Isaac II ya gudanar da shirya yakin da Bulgaria amma ɗan'uwansa Alexios III Angelos ya kore shi kuma wannan yakin ya ci nasara.A cikin wannan shekarar, sojojin Bulgaria sun ci gaba da zurfi zuwa kudu maso yamma kuma sun isa kusa da Serres suna ɗaukar kagara masu yawa a kan hanya.A lokacin hunturu, 'yan Bulgaria sun koma arewa amma a cikin shekara ta gaba sun sake bayyana kuma sun yi nasara akan sojojin Rumawa a karkashin mai mulkin Sebastokrator Isaac kusa da garin.Ana cikin wannan yakin an kewaye sojojin dawakan Rumawa, inda aka yi ta fama da munanan raunuka, aka kuma kame kwamandansu.

Bayan yakin Serres, maimakon dawowar nasara, hanyar komawa babban birnin Bulgaria ya ƙare da ban tausayi.Kafin ya isa Tarnovo, ɗan uwansa Ivanko ya kashe Ivan Asen I.Dalilin yin wannan aikin ba shi da tabbas.Choniates ya ce, Ivanko ya so ya yi mulki "mafi adalci da adalci" fiye da Asan wanda ya "mulkin komai da takobi".Stephenson ya kammala, kalmomin Choniates sun nuna cewa Asen ya gabatar da "mulkin ta'addanci", yana tsoratar da batutuwansa tare da taimakon 'yan haya na Cuman.Vásáry, ya ce Rumawa sun ƙarfafa Ivanko ya kashe Asen.Ivanko yayi ƙoƙarin ɗaukar iko a Tarnovo tare da goyon bayan Byzantine, amma Bitrus ya tilasta masa ya gudu zuwa Daular Byzantine .

Theodor (wanda aka naɗa sarauta a ƙarƙashin sunan Bitrus) ya mai da shi mataimakinsa bayan da aka kashe Asen a shekara ta 1196. Bayan shekara guda, an kashe Theodor-Peter kuma Kaloyan ya zama sarkin Bulgeriya .Manufar fadada Kaloyan ta kawo shi cikin rikici da Daular Byzantine , Serbia da Hungary .Sarki Emeric na Hungary ya ba da izinin Paparoma wanda ya ba Kaloyan kambin sarauta ya shiga Bulgaria kawai bisa bukatar Paparoma.Kaloyan ya yi amfani da rugujewar daular Rumawa bayan faduwar Constantinople ga 'yan Salibiyya ko kuma " Latin " a shekara ta 1204. Ya kama kagara a Makidoniya da Thrace kuma ya goyi bayan tarzomar da jama'ar yankin suka yi a kan 'yan Salibiyya.Ya ci Baldwin I, Sarkin Latin na Konstantinoful, a yakin Adrianople a ranar 14 ga Afrilu 1205. An kama Baldwin;Ya rasu a gidan yarin Kaloyan.Kaloyan ya kaddamar da sabbin kamfen a kan 'Yan Salibiyya tare da kama ko lalata daruruwan katangarsu.Bayan haka, an san shi da Kaloyan mai kashe Romawa, domin sojojinsa sun kashe ko kuma kama dubban Romawa.

Boyar Ivanko ya kashe Asen a Tarnovo a cikin faɗuwar shekara ta 1196. Ba da daɗewa ba Theodor-Peter ya tara sojojinsa, ya hanzarta zuwa garin kuma ya kewaye shi.Ivanko ya aika da manzo zuwa Constantinople, yana kira ga sabon Sarkin Byzantine , Alexios III Angelos, ya aika masa da ƙarfafawa.Sarkin ya aike da Manuel Kamytzes domin ya jagoranci sojoji zuwa Tarnovo, amma tsoron da aka yi na kwanton bauna a kan tsaunuka ya kai ga barkewar wani hari kuma sojojin sun tilasta masa komawa.Ivanko ya gane cewa ba zai iya kare Tarnovo ba kuma ya gudu daga garin zuwa Constantinople.Theodor-Peter ya shiga Tarnovo.Bayan ya mai da kaninsa Kaloyan sarkin garin, sai ya koma Preslav.An kashe Theodor-Peter "a cikin yanayi mara kyau" a shekara ta 1197. "An kashe shi da takobin wani ɗan ƙasarsa", bisa ga rikodin Choniates.Masanin tarihi István Vásáry ya rubuta cewa, An kashe Theodor-Peter a lokacin tarzoma;Stephenson ya ba da shawara, sarakunan ƙasar sun kawar da shi, saboda kusancinsa da Cumans.

A daidai wannan lokacin, ya aika da wasiƙa zuwa ga Paparoma Innocent III, yana roƙonsa ya aika da manzo zuwa Bulgaria .Ya so ya rinjayi Paparoma ya amince da mulkinsa a Bulgeriya.Innocent ya shiga tattaunawa da Kaloyan da ƙwazo saboda sake haɗewar ƙungiyoyin Kirista a ƙarƙashin ikonsa na ɗaya daga cikin manyan manufofinsa.Wakilin Innocent III ya isa Bulgaria a ƙarshen Disamba 1199, ya kawo wasiƙa daga Paparoma zuwa Kaloyan.Innocent ya bayyana cewa an sanar da shi cewa kakannin Kaloyan sun zo "daga birnin Rome".Amsar Kaloyan, da aka rubuta a cikin Old Church Slavonic, ba a kiyaye shi ba, amma ana iya sake gina abubuwan da ke cikin ta bisa la’akari da wasiƙunsa na baya da Mai Tsarki.Kaloyan ya sanya kansa "Sarkin Bulgarians da Vlachs", kuma ya tabbatar da cewa shi ne halastaccen magajin sarakunan daular Bulgaria ta farko .Ya bukaci kambin sarauta daga Paparoma kuma ya bayyana fatansa na sanya Cocin Orthodox na Bulgaria karkashin ikon Paparoma.Bisa ga wasiƙar da Kaloyan ya rubuta zuwa ga Paparoma, Alexios III ya kuma yarda ya aika masa kambin sarauta kuma ya amince da matsayin Cocin Bulgeriya mai cin gashin kansa (ko mai cin gashin kansa).

Sarkin Rumawa Alexios III Angelos ya nada Ivanko kwamandan Philippopolis (yanzu Plovdiv a Bulgaria ).Ivanko ya kwace kagara biyu a tsaunin Rhodopi daga Kaloyan, amma a shekara ta 1198 ya ƙulla yarjejeniya da shi.Cumans da Vlachs daga ƙasashe zuwa arewacin kogin Danube sun shiga cikin Daular Rumawa a cikin bazara da kaka na 1199. Choniates, waɗanda suka rubuta waɗannan abubuwan, ba su ambaci cewa Kaloyan ya ba da haɗin kai tare da maharan ba, don haka mai yiwuwa sun ketare. Bulgaria ba tare da izininsa ba.Kaloyan ya kama Braničevo, Velbuzhd, Skopje da Prizren daga Rumawa, watakila a wannan shekarar, a cewar ɗan tarihi Alexandru Madgearu.

Rumawa sun kama Ivanko kuma suka mamaye ƙasarsa a shekara ta 1200. Kaloyan da abokansa na Cuman sun kaddamar da sabon yakin da yankunan Byzantine a watan Maris 1201. Ya halaka Constantia (yanzu Simeonovgrad a Bulgaria ) kuma ya kama Varna.Ya kuma goyi bayan tawayen Dobromir Chrysos da Manuel Kamytzes a kan Alexios III, amma an ci su duka.Roman Mstislavich, yariman Halych da Volhynia, ya mamaye yankunan Cuman, wanda ya tilasta musu komawa ƙasarsu a shekara ta 1201. Bayan da Cuman ya ja da baya, Kaloyan ya kulla yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya da Alexios III kuma ya janye sojojinsa daga Thrace a ƙarshen 1201 ko a 1202. 'Yan Bulgaria sun sami sabbin nasarorin da suka samu kuma a yanzu sun sami damar fuskantar barazanar Hungary a arewa maso yamma.

Vukan Nemanjić, mai mulkin Zeta, ya kori ɗan'uwansa, Stefan, daga Serbia a cikin 1202. Kaloyan ya ba da mafaka ga Stefan kuma ya ƙyale Cumans su mamaye Serbia a fadin Bulgaria .Ya mamaye Serbia da kansa kuma ya kama Niš a lokacin rani na 1203. A cewar Madgearu ya kuma kwace daular Dobromir Chrysos, gami da babban birninta a Prosek.Emeric, Sarkin Hungary, wanda ya yi iƙirarin Belgrade, Braničevo da Niš, sun shiga cikin rikicin a madadin Vukan.Sojojin kasar Hungary sun mamaye yankuna wadanda kuma Kaloyan ya yi ikirarin cewa.

Buhun Konstantinoful ya faru ne a cikin Afrilu 1204 kuma ya nuna ƙarshen yakin Crusade na huɗu .Dakarun 'yan Salibiyya sun kama, sun kwashi ganima, sun lalata sassan Constantinople, a lokacin babban birnin Daular Byzantine.Bayan kama birnin, an kafa Daular Latin (wanda aka sani da Rumawa da sunan Frankokratia ko Ma'aikatar Latin) kuma Baldwin na Flanders ya zama Sarkin sarakuna Baldwin I na Konstantinoful a Hagia Sophia.Bayan korar birnin, akasarin yankunan Daular Rumawa sun rabu a tsakanin 'yan Salibiyya .Mahukuntan Byzantine kuma sun kafa wasu ƙananan ƙasashe masu zaman kansu, ɗaya daga cikinsu shine Daular Nicaea, wanda a ƙarshe zai sake kwato Constantinople a 1261 kuma ya yi shelar maido da Daular.Duk da haka, daular da aka maido ba ta taba samun nasarar kwato tsohon yanki ko karfin tattalin arzikinta ba, kuma daga karshe ta fada hannun daular Ottoman mai tasowa a cikin 1453 Siege na Konstantinoful .Buhun Konstantinoful babban juyi ne a cikin tarihin tsakiyar zamanai.Matakin da 'yan Salibiyya suka dauka na kai hari kan birni mafi girma na Kirista a duniya ba a taba ganin irinsa ba kuma nan take ya jawo cece-kuce.Rahotanni na satar 'yan Salibiyya da cin zarafi sun ba da kunya kuma sun tsoratar da duniyar Orthodox;dangantaka tsakanin majami'un Katolika da na Orthodox sun sami mummunan rauni na tsawon ƙarni da yawa bayan haka, kuma ba za a gyara su sosai ba har sai zamani.Daular Rumawa ta kasance mafi talauci, karami, kuma a karshe ta kasa kare kanta daga yakin Seljuk da Ottoman da suka biyo baya;Ayyukan 'Yan Salibiyya ta haka ne kai tsaye ya kara rugujewar Kiristendam a gabas, kuma a cikin dogon lokaci ya taimaka wajen saukaka yakin Ottoman na Kudu maso Gabashin Turai.

Da bai gamsu da shawarar Paparoma ba, Kaloyan ya aika da wata sabuwar wasiƙa zuwa Roma, inda ya nemi Innocent ya aika da Cardinal waɗanda za su iya naɗa masa sarauta.Ya kuma sanar da Paparoma cewa Emeric na Hungary ya kama wasu bishop 5 na Bulgaria, inda ya nemi Innocent da ya sasanta kan takaddamar tare da tantance iyaka tsakanin Bulgaria da Hungary.A cikin wasikar, ya sanya wa kansa salon "Sarkin Bulgarians".Paparoma bai amince da da'awar Kaloyan na kambin sarauta ba, amma ya aika da Cardinal Leo Brancaleoni zuwa Bulgaria a farkon 1204 don ya nada shi sarki.Kaloyan ya aika da jakadu zuwa ga 'yan Salibiyya da suka yiwa Constantinople kawanya, yana ba su goyon bayan soja idan "za su nada shi sarki domin ya zama ubangijin ƙasarsa ta Vlachia", in ji Robert na tarihin Clari.Sai dai kuma 'yan Salibiyya sun yi masa wulakanci kuma ba su yarda da tayin nasa ba.Shugaban Paparoma, Brancaleoni, ya bi ta kasar Hungary, amma an kama shi a Keve da ke kan iyakar Hungarian-Bulgaria.Emeric na Hungary ya bukaci Cardinal da ya gayyaci Kaloyan zuwa Hungary da kuma yin sulhu a rikicinsu.An saki Brancaleoni ne kawai bisa bukatar Paparoma a ƙarshen Satumba ko farkon Oktoba.Ya tsarkake Basil primate na Cocin Bulgarians da Vlachs a ranar 7 ga Nuwamba.Washegari, Brancaleone ya naɗa sarautar Kaloyan.A cikin wasiƙarsa ta gaba zuwa ga Paparoma, Kaloyan ya sanya kansa a matsayin "Sarkin Bulgeriya da Vlachia", amma ya kira daularsa a matsayin daula da Basil a matsayin sarki.

Da yake cin gajiyar wargajewar Daular Rumawa , Kaloyan ya kama tsoffin yankunan Byzantine a Thrace.Da farko ya yi ƙoƙarin tabbatar da raba ƙasa cikin lumana tare da 'yan Salibiyya (ko "Latins").Ya roki Innocent III da ya hana su kai hari Bulgaria .Sai dai 'yan Salibiyya sun so aiwatar da yerjejeniyarsu wadda ta raba yankunan Rumawa a tsakaninsu, ciki har da filaye da Kaloyan ke da'awar.Kaloyan ya ba da mafaka ga 'yan gudun hijira na Rumawa kuma ya rinjaye su don tada tarzoma a Thrace da Macedonia a kan 'yan Latin.'Yan gudun hijirar, a cewar Robert na asusun Clari, sun kuma yi alkawarin za su zabe shi sarki idan ya mamaye daular Latin.Masu burgar Helenanci na Adrianople (yanzu Edirne a Turkiyya) da kuma garuruwan da ke kusa da su sun yi yaƙi da mutanen Latin a farkon shekara ta 1205. Kaloyan ya yi alkawari cewa zai aika musu da ƙarfafa kafin Easter.Ganin yadda Kaloyan ke ba da haɗin kai da 'yan tawayen ƙawance mai haɗari ne, Sarkin Baldwin ya yanke shawarar kai farmaki tare da ba da umarnin janye sojojinsa daga Asiya Ƙarama.Ya kewaye Adrianople kafin ya tara dukan sojojinsa.Kaloyan ya yi gaggawar zuwa garin a kan shugaban sojojin fiye da 14,000 na Bulgaria, Vlach da Cuman.Komawar da 'yan Cuman suka yi ya jawo mayaƙan dawakai na 'yan Salibiyya zuwa wani kwanton bauna a cikin lungu da sako na arewacin Adrianople, wanda ya baiwa Kaloyan damar yi musu mugun fata a ranar 14 ga Afrilu 1205.Duk da komai, yaƙin ya yi wuya kuma ana gwabzawa har zuwa yamma.An kawar da babban ɓangare na sojojin Latin, an ci nasara da maƙiyan kuma an kama sarkinsu, Baldwin I, a kurkuku a Veliko Tarnovo, inda aka kulle shi a saman hasumiya a cikin kagara Tsarevets.Maganar ta bazu cikin sauri a Turai na shan kashi na mayakan a yakin Adrianople.Ba tare da shakka ba, abin ya ba wa duniya mamaki a lokacin, saboda kasancewar daukakar rundunan da ba za a iya kayar da su ba ta kasance sananne ga kowa daga wanda ke cikin tsumma har zuwa masu arziki.Jin cewa jaruman, wadanda shahararsu ta yi nisa, wadanda suka dauki daya daga cikin manyan biranen a lokacin, Constantinople, babban birnin da aka ce ba za a iya karyewa ba, ya yi barna ga duniyar Katolika.

Sojojin Kaloyan sun ƙwace Thrace da Makidoniya bayan ya ci nasara a kan Latins.Ya kaddamar da yaƙi a kan Masarautar Tasalonika, inda ya kewaye Serres a ƙarshen watan Mayu.Ya yi alkawarin ba wa masu tsaron damar shiga, amma bayan sun mika wuya sai ya karya maganarsa ya kama su.Ya ci gaba da yakin kuma ya kwace Veria da Moglena (yanzu Almopia a Girka).Yawancin mazaunan Veria an kashe su ko aka kama su bisa umarninsa.Henry (wanda har yanzu yake mulkin daular Latin a matsayin mai mulki) ya kaddamar da mamayewa a kan Bulgaria a watan Yuni.Bai iya kama Adrianople ba kuma kwatsam ambaliya ta tilasta masa ya ɗaga kewayen Didymoteicho.

Kaloyan ya yanke shawarar daukar fansa kan mutanen garin Philippopolis, wadanda suka ba da hadin kai da son rai tare da 'yan Salibiyya .Tare da taimakon ’yan Bulus na yankin, ya kama garin kuma ya ba da umarnin kashe manyan ’yan fashi.An isar da jama'ar cikin sarƙoƙi zuwa Vlachia (yankin da ba a bayyana shi ba, wanda yake kudu da ƙananan Danube).Ya koma Tarnovo bayan wani tarzoma da ya barke a kansa a rabi na biyu na 1205 ko farkon 1206. Ya “saka wa ’yan tawaye hukunci mai tsauri da sabbin hanyoyin kisa”, a cewar Choniates.Ya sake mamaye Thrace a cikin Janairu 1206. Babban nasara a yakin Adrianople ya biyo bayan nasarar da Bulgaria ta samu a Serres da Plovdiv.Daular Latin ta sha fama da munanan raunuka kuma a cikin faduwar shekara ta 1205 'yan Salibiyya sun yi kokarin sake haduwa tare da sake tsara ragowar sojojinsu.Babban rundunonin nasu ya ƙunshi maƙiyi 140 da sojoji dubu da dama da ke da tushe a Rusion.Ya kame Rousion kuma ya karkashe dakarunta na Latin.Sannan ya rusa mafi yawan kagaran da ke kan hanyar Via Egnatia, har zuwa Athira.A cikin dukkan aikin sojan 'yan Salibiyya sun yi asarar runduna sama da 200, an kuma lalata dubban sojoji da dama da kuma garrison na Venetian gaba daya.

Kisan gilla da kame ’yan uwansu ya harzuka Girkawa a Thrace da Macedonia.Sun gane cewa Kaloyan ya fi na Latin kiyayya da su .Burgers na Adrianople da Didymoteicho sun tunkari Henry na Flanders suna ba da biyayya.Henry ya karɓi tayin kuma ya taimaka wa Theodore Branas wajen mallakar garuruwan biyu.Kaloyan ya kai wa Didymoteicho hari a watan Yuni, amma ‘yan Salibiyya sun tilasta masa ya dage harin.Ba da daɗewa ba bayan Henry ya zama sarkin Latins a ranar 20 ga Agusta, Kaloyan ya dawo ya hallaka Didymoteicho.Sai ya kewaye Adrianople, amma Henry ya tilasta masa ya janye sojojinsa daga Thrace.Har ila yau Henry ya shiga cikin Bulgaria kuma ya saki fursunoni 20,000 a watan Oktoba.Boniface, Sarkin Tasalonika, ya sake kama Serres.Akropolites ya rubuta cewa bayan haka Kaloyan ya kira kansa "Romanlayer", tare da bayyananniyar magana ga Basil II wanda aka sani da "Bulgarslayer" bayan halakar daular Bulgaria ta farko .

Kaloyan ya kulla kawance da Theodore I Laskaris, Sarkin Nicaea .Laskaris ya fara yaƙi da David Komnenos, Sarkin Trebizond, wanda Latins ke goyon bayansa.Ya rinjayi Kaloyan ya mamaye Thrace, wanda ya tilasta Henry ya janye sojojinsa daga Asiya Ƙarama.Kaloyan ya kewaye Adrianople a cikin Afrilu 1207, ta yin amfani da tartsatsi, amma masu tsaron gida sun yi tsayayya.Bayan wata guda, Cumans suka yi watsi da sansanin Kaloyan, saboda suna so su koma cikin tsaunin Pontic, wanda ya tilasta Kaloyan ya ɗage kewayen.Innocent III ya bukaci Kaloyan ya yi sulhu da Latin, amma bai yi biyayya ba.Henry ya kammala sulhu da Laskaris a watan Yuli 1207. Ya kuma yi ganawa da Boniface na Tasalonika, wanda ya amince da kasancewarsa a Kypsela a Thrace.Koyaya, a hanyarsa ta komawa Tasalonika, Boniface an yi masa kwanton bauna aka kashe shi a Mosynopolis a ranar 4 ga Satumba.A cewar Geoffrey na Villehardouin 'yan kasar Bulgariya na gida ne suka aikata wannan aika-aika kuma sun aika kan Boniface zuwa Kaloyan.Robert na Clari da Choniates sun rubuta cewa Kaloyan ya shirya kwanton bauna.Boniface ya gaje shi da ƙaramin ɗansa, Demetrius.Mahaifiyar yaron, Margaret ta Hungary, ta dauki nauyin gudanar da mulkin.Kaloyan ya yi gaggawa zuwa Tasalonika kuma ya kewaye garin.Kaloyan ya mutu a lokacin da aka kewaye Tasalonika a watan Oktoba 1207, amma yanayin mutuwarsa ba shi da tabbas.

Bayan Kaloyan ya mutu ba zato ba tsammani a cikin Oktoba 1207, Boril ya auri matar da mijinta ya mutu, gimbiya Cuman kuma ya kwace sarauta.Dan uwansa, Ivan Asen, ya gudu daga Bulgaria , wanda ya ba Boril damar ƙarfafa matsayinsa.Sauran danginsa, Strez da Alexius Slav, sun ƙi amincewa da shi a matsayin sarki halal.Strez ya mallaki ƙasar tsakanin kogin Struma da Vardar tare da goyon bayan Stefan Nemanjić na Serbia.Alexius Slav ya tabbatar da mulkinsa a cikin tsaunin Rhodope tare da taimakon Henry, Sarkin Latin na Konstantinoful.Boril ya kaddamar da yaƙin neman zaɓe na soja da bai yi nasara ba a kan Daular Latin da Masarautar Tasalonika a cikin shekarun farko na mulkinsa.A farkon shekara ta 1211, ya kira taron majalisar dattawa na Cocin Bulgaria.Bayan da aka yi tawaye a kansa a Vidin tsakanin 1211 da 1214, ya nemi taimakon Andrew II na Hungary , wanda ya aika da ƙarfafawa don murkushe tawayen.Ya yi sulhu da Daular Latin a ƙarshen 1213 ko kuma farkon 1214. Domin neman taimako don murkushe babbar tawaye a shekara ta 1211, an tilasta wa Boril ya keɓe Belgrade da Braničevo zuwa Hungary.Yakin da aka yi da Serbia a shekara ta 1214 shi ma ya ƙare da rashin nasara.

A lokacin rani na 1208 sabon Sarkin Bulgeriya Boril wanda ya ci gaba da yakin magabacinsa Kaloyan da Daular Latin ya mamaye Gabashin Thrace.Sarkin Latin Henry Henry ya tara sojoji a Selymbria ya nufi Adrianople.Bayan labarin tattakin 'Yan Salibiyya, 'yan Bulgaria sun ja da baya zuwa wurare mafi kyau a yankin Beroia (Stara Zagora).Da daddare suka aika da ’yan kabilar Rumawa da ganima zuwa arewacin tsaunin Balkan, suka tafi cikin shirin yaki zuwa sansanin Latin, wanda ba shi da kagara.Da gari ya waye, sai suka kai hari kwatsam, sai sojojin da ke bakin aiki suka yi ta gwabza kazamin fada don samun wani lokaci domin sauran su shirya domin yaki.A yayin da 'yan kabilar Latin ke ci gaba da kafa rundunarsu, sun sha wahala sosai, musamman ta hannun maharba da ƙwararrun ƙwararrun maharba na Bulgaria, waɗanda suka harbe waɗanda har yanzu ba su da makamansu.A halin da ake ciki sojojin dawakan Bulgeriya sun yi nasarar zagaya sassan yankin Latin inda suka kai farmaki kan manyan sojojinsu.A yakin da aka yi, 'yan Salibiyya sun rasa mazaje da yawa kuma Sarkin sarakuna da kansa ya yi la'akari, da kyar ya tsere daga bauta - wani jarumi ya yi nasarar yanke igiya da takobinsa kuma ya kare Henry daga kiban Bulgaria tare da manyan makamai.A ƙarshe 'yan Salibiyya, waɗanda sojojin dawakan Bulgaria suka tilasta musu, suka ja da baya suka koma Philippopolis (Plovdiv) a cikin yaƙi.An ci gaba da ja da baya har tsawon kwanaki goma sha biyu, inda 'yan Bulgaria suka bi sahu tare da tursasa abokan adawar nasu inda suka yi sanadin asarar rayuka musamman ga masu tsaron baya na Latin wanda manyan dakarun 'yan Salibiyya suka ceto sau da dama daga rugujewarsu.Duk da haka, a kusa da Plovdiv 'yan Salibiyya a karshe sun yarda da yakin.

A cikin bazara na 1208, sojojin Bulgaria sun mamaye Thrace kuma suka ci nasara a kusa da Beroe (Stara Zagora na zamani).An yi wahayi, Boril ya yi tafiya zuwa kudu kuma, a ranar 30 ga Yuni 1208, ya ci karo da babban sojojin Latin .Boril yana da sojoji tsakanin 27,000 zuwa 30,000, daga cikinsu sojojin dawakai 7000 na Cuman, sun yi nasara sosai a yakin Adrianople.Adadin sojojin Latin kuma kusan mayaƙa 30,000 ne, waɗanda suka haɗa da mayaka ɗari da yawa.Boril ya yi ƙoƙari ya yi amfani da dabarun da Kaloyan ya yi amfani da su a Adrianople - maharba masu hawa sun tursasa 'yan Salibiyya da ke ƙoƙarin shimfida layinsu don jagorantar su zuwa ga manyan sojojin Bulgaria.Mahukuntan, duk da haka, sun koyi darasi mai ɗaci daga Adrianople kuma ba su maimaita kuskuren ba.A maimakon haka, sai suka shirya tarko suka kai hari ga rundunar da Tsar ya umarta da kansa, wanda ke da maza 1,600 kawai kuma ba zai iya jure wa harin ba.Boril ya gudu kuma duk sojojin Bulgaria sun ja da baya.Bulgeriya sun san cewa abokan gaba ba za su kore su zuwa cikin tsaunuka ba don haka suka ja da baya zuwa daya daga cikin mashigin gabas na tsaunin Balkan, Turia.'Yan Salibiyya da suka bi sojojin Bulgaria an kai musu hari ne a wata kasa mai tudu kusa da kauyen Zelenikovo na wannan zamani da masu gadin Bulgariya suka yi, kuma bayan wani kazamin fada da aka yi, an fatattaki su.Duk da haka, samuwarsu bai ruguje ba yayin da manyan sojojin Latin suka iso kuma aka ci gaba da gwabzawa na tsawon lokaci har sai da Bulgeriya suka koma arewa bayan yawancin sojojinsu sun bi ta tsaunuka cikin aminci.Daga nan ne 'yan Salibiyya suka koma Philippopolis.

Wani wakilin Paparoma (wanda aka fi sani da Pelagius na Albano) ya zo Bulgaria a lokacin rani na 1213. Ya ci gaba da tafiya zuwa Konstantinoful, yana nuna cewa sulhu ya ba da gudummawa ga sulhu tsakanin Boril da Henry.Boril ya so zaman lafiya domin ya riga ya gane cewa ba zai iya sake samun yankunan Thracian da aka rasa ga Daular Latin ba;Henry ya so zaman lafiya da Bulgaria domin ya ci gaba da yakinsa da Sarkin sarakuna Theodore I Laskaris.Bayan tattaunawa mai tsawo, Henry ya auri 'yar uwar Boril (wanda masana tarihi na zamani suke kira Maria) a ƙarshen 1213 ko farkon 1214.A farkon 1214, Boril ya ba da hannun ’yarsa da ba a bayyana sunansa ba ga Andrew II na ɗan Hungary kuma magaji, Béla.Madgearu ya ce ya kuma yi watsi da filayen da Andrew ya yi ikirarin cewa daga Bulgaria (ciki har da Braničevo).A yunƙurin cinye sababbin ƙasashe, Boril ya ƙaddamar da mamayewa na Serbia, yana kewaye Niš a 1214, taimakon sojojin da Henry ya aiko.A lokaci guda, Strez ya mamaye Serbia daga kudu, ko da yake an kashe shi a lokacin yakin neman zabensa.Boril ya kasa kwace Niš duk da haka, saboda rikici tsakanin sojojin Bulgaria da na Latin.Rikici tsakanin Boril da sojojin Latin ne ya hana su kwace garin.

An hana Boril daga manyan abokansa biyu a shekara ta 1217, yayin da Sarkin Latin Henry Henry ya mutu a watan Yuli 1216, kuma Andrew II ya bar Hungary don jagorantar yakin neman zabe zuwa kasa mai tsarki a 1217;Wannan matsayi na rauni ya sa dan uwansa, Ivan Asen, ya mamaye Bulgaria .Sakamakon rashin gamsuwa da manufofinsa, Ivan Asen II, ɗan Ivan Asen na I, wanda ya yi gudun hijira bayan mutuwar Kaloyan, ya hambarar da Boril a shekara ta 1218.Ivan Asen ya buge Boril a yakin, kuma ya tilasta wa ya janye zuwa Tarnovo, wanda sojojin Ivan suka kewaye.Masanin tarihin Rumawa, George Akropolites, ya bayyana cewa kewayen ya kasance "har tsawon shekaru bakwai", duk da haka yawancin masana tarihi na zamani sun yi imanin cewa watanni bakwai ne.Bayan da sojojin Ivan Asen suka kwace garin a shekara ta 1218, Boril ya yi yunkurin guduwa, amma an kama shi kuma ya makanta.Ba a sami ƙarin bayani game da makomar Boril ba.

Shekaru goma na farko na mulkin Ivan Asen ba su da kyau a rubuce.Andrew na biyu na Hungary ya isa Bulgaria a lokacin da ya dawo daga yaƙin yaƙi na biyar a ƙarshen shekara ta 1218. Ivan Asen bai ƙyale sarkin ya tsallaka ƙasar ba har sai da Andrew ya yi alkawarin ba shi ’yarsa Maria.Sadakin Maria ya hada da yankin Belgrade da Braničevo, wanda sarakunan Hungarian da Bulgeriya suka yi jayayya da mallakar mallakarsa shekaru da yawa.Lokacin da Robert na Courtenay, sabon Sarkin Latin da aka zaba, yana tafiya daga Faransa zuwa Constantinople a 1221, Ivan Asen ya raka shi a fadin Bulgaria.Haka kuma ya ba wa ‘yan gidan sarki abinci da abinci.Dangantaka tsakanin Bulgaria da daular Latin ta kasance cikin lumana a lokacin mulkin Robert.Ivan Asen ya kuma yi sulhu da mai mulkin Epirus, Theodore Komnenos Doukas, wanda yana daya daga cikin manyan makiya daular Latin.Ɗan’uwan Theodore, Manuel Doukas, ya auri sheguwar ’yar Ivan Asen, Maryamu, a shekara ta 1225. Theodore wanda ya ɗauki kansa a matsayin halastaccen magajin sarakunan Byzantine ya sami sarautar sarki a shekara ta 1226.Dangantaka tsakanin Bulgaria da Hungary ta tabarbare a karshen shekarun 1220.Jim kadan bayan da Mongols suka yi mummunar kaye a kan hadin kan sojojin sarakunan Rus da sarakunan Cuman a yakin kogin Kalka a shekara ta 1223, wani shugaban wata kabilar Cuman ta Yamma Boricius, ya koma Katolika a gaban magajin Andrew II. da mai mulki, Béla IV.Paparoma Gregory na IX ya bayyana a cikin wata wasika cewa wadanda suka kai hari kan mutanen Cuman da suka tuba su ma makiyan Cocin Roman Katolika ne, watakila dangane da harin da Ivan Asen ya kai a baya, a cewar Madgearu.Sarrafa kasuwancin kan hanyar Via Egnatia ya ba Ivan Asen damar aiwatar da wani shiri na gini mai ban sha'awa a Tarnovo kuma ya buge tsabar zinare a sabon mint ɗinsa a Ohrid.Ya fara tattaunawa game da komawar Cocin Bulgaria zuwa Orthodoxy bayan da sarakunan daular Latin suka zabi John of Brienne regent na Baldwin II a 1229.

A kusa da 1221-1222 Emperor Ivan Asen II na Bulgaria ya kulla kawance da Theodore Komnenos Doukas, mai mulkin Epirus.Amincewa da yarjejeniyar, Theodore ya sami nasarar cinye Tasalonika daga Daular Latin , da kuma ƙasashe a Makidoniya ciki har da Ohrid, kuma ya kafa daular Tasalonika.Bayan mutuwar Sarkin Latin Robert na Courtenay a 1228, Ivan Asen II an dauke shi mafi yiwuwar zabi ga mai mulkin Baldwin II.Theodore ya yi tunanin cewa Bulgaria ce kawai cikas da ya rage a kan hanyarsa ta zuwa Constantinople kuma a farkon Maris 1230 ya mamaye kasar, ya karya yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya kuma ba tare da sanarwar yaki ba.Theodore Komnenos ya kira babban sojoji, ciki har da sojojin haya na yamma.Yana da kwarin gwiwa cewa zai yi nasara, ya tafi da dukan fadar sarki, har da matarsa ​​da 'ya'yansa.Sojojinsa suna tafiya a hankali suna washe garuruwan da suke kan hanyarsu.Lokacin da sarkin Bulgeriya ya samu labarin cewa an kai wa jihar hari, sai ya tara wasu ‘yan tsirarun sojoji dubu da suka hada da Cuman, ya zarce da sauri zuwa kudu.A cikin kwanaki hudu mutanen Bulgaria sun yi nisa sau uku fiye da yadda sojojin Theodore suka yi tafiya a cikin mako guda.A ranar 9 ga Maris, sojojin biyu sun hadu a kusa da kauyen Klokotnitsa.An ce Ivan Asen II ya ba da umarnin karya yarjejeniyar kare juna da ta makale a kan mashinsa kuma a yi amfani da shi a matsayin tuta.Ya kasance mai fasaha mai kyau kuma ya sami damar kewaye abokan gaba, waɗanda suka yi mamakin saduwa da Bulgarian nan da nan.Aka ci gaba da yakin har zuwa faduwar rana.An yi galaba a kan mutanen Theodore kwata-kwata, wani karamin runduna ne kawai karkashin dan uwansa Manuel ya yi nasarar tserewa daga fagen fama.An kashe sauran a yaƙin ko kuma aka kama su, har da fadar sarauta ta Tasalonika da Theodore kansa.Nan da nan Ivan Asen II ya saki sojojin da aka kama ba tare da wani sharadi ba kuma an kai manyan mutane zuwa Tarnovo.Shahararrensa na zama mai jinƙai da adalci ya ci gaba da tafiyarsa zuwa ƙasashen Theodore Komnenos da yankunan da Theodore ya yi nasara a kwanan nan a Thrace da Makidoniya Bulgaria ta dawo da su ba tare da juriya ba.

Bulgeriya ta zama babbar ikon kudu maso gabashin Turai bayan yakin Klokotnitsa.Sojojin Ivan sun shiga cikin ƙasashen Theodore kuma sun mamaye garuruwan Epirote da dama.Sun kama Ohrid, Prilep da Serres a Makidoniya, Adrianople, Demotika da Plovdiv a Thrace kuma sun mamaye Great Vlachia a Thessaly.An kuma hade daular Alexius Slav a cikin tsaunin Rhodope.Ivan Asen ya sanya rundunonin sojan Bulgeriya a cikin muhimman kagara kuma ya naɗa mutanensa don su ba su umarni da karɓar haraji, amma jami’an yankin sun ci gaba da gudanar da wasu wurare a yankunan da aka ci nasara.Ya maye gurbin bishop na Girka da limaman Bulgaria a Makidoniya.Ya ba da kyauta mai karimci ga gidajen ibadar da ke Dutsen Athos a lokacin ziyararsa a shekara ta 1230, amma bai iya rinjayar sufaye su amince da ikon babban cocin Bulgarian ba.Surukinsa, Manuel Doukas, ya mallaki Daular Tasalonika.Sojojin Bulgaria kuma sun kai farmaki kan Serbia, saboda Stefan Radoslav, Sarkin Sabiya, ya goyi bayan surukinsa, Theodore, a kan Bulgaria.Yunkurin Ivan Asen ya tabbatar da ikon Bulgarian ta hanyar Via Egnatia (muhimmin hanyar kasuwanci tsakanin Tasalonika da Durazzo).Ya kafa mint a Ohrid wanda ya fara buga tsabar zinare.Yawan kudaden shiga da ya samu ya ba shi damar cim ma wani babban shiri na gini a Tarnovo.Cocin Mai Tsarki Arba'in Shahidai, wanda aka yi masa ado da fale-falen fale-falen fale-falen fale-falen buraka da zane-zane, sun yi bikin tunawa da nasarar da ya samu a Klokotnitsa.An faɗaɗa fadar sarki da ke Dutsen Tsaravets.Rubutun tunawa a ɗaya daga cikin ginshiƙan Cocin na Shahidai Arba'in Mai Tsarki ya rubuta nasarar da Ivan Asen ya yi.Ana kiransa da "tsarki na Bulgaria, Girkawa da sauran kasashe", yana nuna cewa yana shirin farfado da daular Rumawa a karkashin mulkinsa.Ya kuma naɗa kansa sarki a cikin wasiƙarsa na ba da kyauta ga gidan ibada na Vatopedi da ke Dutsen Athos da kuma takardar shaidarsa game da gata na ƴan kasuwan Ragusan.Ya yi koyi da sarakunan Rumawa, ya rufe hayarsa da bijimai na zinariya.Ɗaya daga cikin hatiminsa ya nuna shi sanye da alamar sarauta, kuma yana bayyana burinsa na sarauta.

Labari game da zaben John na Brienne ga regency a cikin Latin Empire ya fusata Ivan Asen.Ya aika da jakadu zuwa ga Ecumenical Patriarch Germanus II zuwa Nicaea don fara tattaunawa game da matsayin da Bulgarian Church.Paparoma Gregory na IX ya bukaci Andrew na biyu na Hungary da ya kaddamar da yakin neman zabe a kan makiya daular Latin a ranar 9 ga Mayu 1231, mai yiwuwa dangane da ayyukan makiya na Ivan Asen, a cewar Madgearu.Béla IV na Hungary ya mamaye Bulgaria kuma ya kama Belgrade da Braničevo a ƙarshen 1231 ko a cikin 1232, amma Bulgarians sun sake mamaye yankunan da suka ɓace a farkon shekarun 1230.Hungarian sun kwace sansanin Bulgaria a Severin (yanzu Drobeta-Turnu Severin a Romania) zuwa arewacin Lower Danube kuma suka kafa lardin iyaka, wanda aka sani da Banate na Szörény, don hana Bulgarian fadada zuwa arewa.

Ivan Asen da Vatatzes sun yi kawance da Daular Latin .Sojojin Bulgaria sun mamaye yankunan da ke yammacin Maritsa, yayin da sojojin Nice suka kwace filayen da ke gabashin kogin.Sun kewaye Konstantinoful, amma John na Brienne da rundunar sojojin Venetia sun tilasta musu su ɗaga wannan kewayen kafin ƙarshen shekara ta 1235. A farkon shekara ta gaba, sun sake kai hari a Konstantinoful, amma yaƙi na biyu ya ƙare da sabuwar nasara.

Wani sabon mamayar Mongol na Turai ya tilasta wa dubban Cuman gudu daga tsaunin daji a lokacin rani na shekara ta 1237. Istvan Vassary ya ce bayan cin nasarar Mongol, "An fara ƙaura mai girma zuwa yamma na Cumans."Wasu 'yan Cuman kuma sun ƙaura zuwa Anatolia, Kazakhstan da Turkmenistan.A lokacin rani na 1237 guguwar farko ta wannan ƙaura ta Cuman ta bayyana a Bulgaria .Cumans sun ketare Danube, kuma a wannan karon Tsar Ivan Asen II ya kasa horar da su, kamar yadda ya saba yi a baya;yuwuwar da ya rage masa ita ce ya bar su su bi ta Bulgeriya ta hanyar kudu.Suka bi ta Thrace har zuwa Hadrianoupolis da Didymotoichon, suna washe garuruwa da ƙauyuka, kamar dai a dā.Dukan Thrace ya zama, kamar yadda Akropolites ya sanya shi, "Hamadar Scythian."

Ivan Asen ya aika da wakilai zuwa Hungary kafin Mayu 1240, mai yiwuwa saboda yana so ya kulla kawancen tsaro a kan Mongols.Hukumomin Mongols sun faɗaɗa har zuwa Lower Danube bayan da suka kama Kiev a ranar 6 ga Disamba 1240. Faɗawar Mongol ta tilasta wa sarakunan Rasha da dama da aka kora su gudu zuwa Bulgaria .Cumans da suka zauna a Hungary su ma sun gudu zuwa Bulgaria bayan da aka kashe sarkinsu, Köten a watan Maris na shekara ta 1241. Bisa tarihin rayuwar sarkinMamluk , Baibars, wanda ya fito daga kabilar Cuman, wannan kabilar kuma ta nemi mafaka a Bulgaria bayan da aka kashe shi. mamayewar Mongol.Haka majiyar ta kara da cewa, "Anskhan, Sarkin Vlachia", wanda malaman zamani ke alakanta shi da Ivan Asen, ya ba da damar Cuman su zauna a cikin wani kwari, amma ba da daɗewa ba ya kai farmaki ya kashe su ko kuma ya bautar da su.Madgearu ya rubuta cewa watakila Ivan Asen ya kai hari ga Cumans saboda yana so ya hana su kwace Bulgaria.

Ivan Asen II ya gaje shi da ɗansa Kaliman I. Duk da nasarar farko a kan Mongols , mulkin sabon sarki ya yanke shawarar kauce wa ƙarin hare-hare kuma ya zaɓi ya biya su haraji maimakon.Rashin samun wani sarki mai karfi da karuwar hamayya a tsakanin masu fada aji ya sa Bulgaria ta yi saurin raguwa.Babban abokiyar hamayyarta Nicaea ta guje wa hare-haren Mongol kuma ta sami iko a cikin Balkans.Bayan mutuwar Kaliman I ɗan shekara 12 a shekara ta 1246, wasu ƴan gajeruwar sarauta da dama ne suka gaje shi.An fallasa raunin sabuwar gwamnati sa’ad da sojojin Nicaea suka ci manyan yankuna a kudancin Thrace, Rhodopes, da Makidoniya—har da Adrianople, Tsepina, Stanimaka, Melnik, Serres, Skopje, da Ohrid—sun yi tsayayya da juna.Har ila yau, ' yan Hungary sun yi amfani da raunin Bulgarian, sun mamaye Belgrade da Braničevo.

A lokacin da Mongol suka mamaye Turai, Mongol tumen karkashin jagorancin Batu Khan da Kadan sun mamaye Serbia sannan Bulgaria a cikin bazara na shekara ta 1242 bayan sun ci Hungariya a yakin Mohi tare da lalata yankunan Hungarian na Croatia, Dalmatiya da Bosnia.Bayan ya ratsa ƙasar Bosniya da Sabiya, Kadan ya haɗa kai da manyan sojojin da ke ƙarƙashin Batu a Bulgeriya, wataƙila a ƙarshen bazara.Akwai shaidun archaeological na lalata da yawa a tsakiya da arewa maso gabashin Bulgaria a kusa da 1242. Akwai labarai da yawa na mamayewar Mongol na Bulgeriya, amma babu wani dalla-dalla kuma sun gabatar da hotuna daban-daban na abin da ya faru.A bayyane yake, ko da yake, sojojin biyu sun shiga Bulgaria a lokaci guda: Kadan na Serbia da wani, wanda Batu da kansa ko Bujek ya jagoranta, daga ƙetaren Danube.Da farko, sojojin Kadan sun matsa kudu tare da Tekun Adriatic zuwa yankin Sabiya.Daga nan kuma ta juya gabas, ta tsallaka tsakiyar kasar - tana ta washe-washe tana tafiya - ta shiga Bulgaria, inda aka hada ta da sauran sojojin da ke karkashin Batu.Yaƙin neman zaɓe a Bulgeriya mai yiwuwa ya faru ne musamman a arewa, inda ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi ya ba da shaidar halaka daga wannan lokacin.Mongols sun yi, duk da haka, sun tsallaka Bulgaria don kai farmaki kan Daular Latin zuwa kudancinta kafin su janye gaba daya.An tilasta Bulgaria ta ba da kyauta ga Mongols, kuma hakan ya ci gaba daga baya.Wasu masana tarihi sun yi imanin cewa Bulgeriya ta tsere daga babban halaka ta hanyar amincewa da Mongol suzerainty, yayin da wasu suka yi jayayya cewa shaidar harin Mongol yana da karfi wanda ba za a iya samun tsira ba.A kowane hali, yakin na 1242 ya kawo iyakar ikon Golden Horde (Batu's umurnin) zuwa Danube, inda ya kasance shekaru da yawa.Doge na Venetian kuma masanin tarihi Andrea Dandolo, ya rubuta karni daya bayan haka, ya ce Mongols "sun mamaye" mulkin Bulgaria a lokacin yakin 1241-42.

Michael II Asen shi ne ɗan Ivan Asen II da Irene Komnene Doukaina.Ya gaji dan uwansa Kaliman I Asen.Mahaifiyarsa ko wani danginsa dole ne ya yi mulkin Bulgaria a lokacin tsirarunsa.John III Doukas Vatatzes, Sarkin Nicaea , da Michael II na Epirus sun mamaye Bulgaria jim kadan bayan hawan Mika'ilu.Vatatzes ya kama kagaran Bulgarian da ke kan kogin Vardar;Mika'ilu na Epirus ya mallaki yammacin Makidoniya.A cikin kawance da Jamhuriyar Ragusa, Michael II Asen ya shiga cikin Serbia a shekara ta 1254, amma ya kasa mamaye yankunan Serbia.Bayan da Vatatzes ya mutu, ya sake cin nasara a mafi yawan yankunan da aka rasa zuwa Nicea, amma dan Vatatzes kuma magajinsa, Theodore II Laskaris, ya kaddamar da wani mummunan hari, wanda ya tilasta Michael ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya.Ba da daɗewa ba bayan yarjejeniyar, boyars (masu daraja) sun kashe Michael.

Vatatzes ya mutu a ranar 4 ga Nuwamba 1254. Yin amfani da rashin manyan sojojin Nicene, Michael ya shiga cikin Macedonia kuma ya sake mamaye yankunan da Vatatzes ya yi asara a 1246 ko 1247. Masanin tarihin Byzantine, George Akropolites, ya rubuta cewa mazauna wurin da ke magana da Bulgaria sun goyi bayan Michael's. mamayewa saboda suna so su girgiza "karkiya na masu jin wani harshe".Theodore II Laskaris, ya kaddamar da mamaya a farkon 1255. Lokacin da yake magana game da sabon yaki tsakanin Nicea da Bulgaria , Rubruck ya kwatanta Michael a matsayin "wani yaro ne kawai wanda ikonsa ya rushe" ta Mongols .Michael ba zai iya tsayayya da mamayewa ba kuma sojojin Nicene sun kama Stara Zagora.Tsananin yanayi ne kawai ya hana sojojin Theodore ci gaba da mamayewa.Sojojin Nice sun sake kai farmaki a cikin bazara kuma sun mamaye mafi yawan kagara a tsaunin Rhodope.Mika'ilu ya shiga yankin Turai na Daular Nicea a cikin bazara na shekara ta 1256. Ya yi wa Thrace hari a kusa da Konstantinoful, amma sojojin Nice sun ci sojojinsa na Cuman.Ya roki surukinsa da ya shiga tsakani don sulhu tsakanin Bulgaria da Nicea a watan Yuni.Theodore ya amince ya rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya bayan Michael ya amince da asarar filayen da ya yi da’awar Bulgaria.Yarjejeniyar ta kayyade kogin Maritsa na sama a matsayin iyakar kasashen biyu.Yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya ta harzuka mutane da yawa (masu daraja) waɗanda suka yanke shawarar maye gurbin Michael tare da ɗan uwansa, Kaliman Asen.Kaliman da abokansa sun kai hari ga Tsar wanda ya mutu daga raunukansa a ƙarshen 1256 ko farkon 1257.

Constantine Tih ya hau gadon sarautar Bulgaria bayan mutuwar Michael II Asen, amma yanayin hawansa ba a sani ba.An kashe Michael Asen da ɗan uwansa Kaliman a ƙarshen 1256 ko farkon 1257. Ba da daɗewa ba, Kaliman ma an kashe shi, kuma dangin maza na daular Asen sun mutu.Rostislav Mikhailovich, Duke na Macsó (wanda shi ne Michael da surukin Kaliman), da kuma boyar Mitso (wanda shi ne surukin Michael), sun yi iƙirarin zuwa Bulgaria .Rostislav ya kama Vidin, Mitso ya mamaye kudu maso gabashin Bulgaria, amma babu ɗayansu da zai iya samun goyon bayan boyar da ke kula da Tarnovo.A karshen ya miƙa kursiyin Constantine wanda ya yarda da zaben.Constantine ya saki matarsa ​​ta farko, kuma ya auri Irene Doukaina Laskarina a shekara ta 1258. Irene diya ce ga Theodore II Laskaris, Sarkin Nicaea, da Elena na Bulgaria, 'yar Ivan Asen II na Bulgaria.Aure tare da zuriyar gidan sarautar Bulgaria ya ƙarfafa matsayinsa.Daga nan aka kira shi Konstantin Asen.Har ila yau, auren ya kulla yarjejeniya tsakanin Bulgaria da Nicaea, wanda aka tabbatar da shekaru ɗaya ko biyu bayan haka, lokacin da masanin tarihin Byzantine da jami'in George Akropolites suka zo Tarnovo.

Rostislav Mikhailovich ya kai wa Bulgaria hari tare da taimakon ɗan ƙasar Hungary a shekara ta 1259. A shekara ta gaba, Rostislav ya bar ƙungiyarsa don ya shiga yaƙin da surukinsa, Béla IV na Hungary, ya yi da Bohemia.Yin amfani da rashi na Rostislav, Konstantin ya shiga cikin mulkinsa kuma ya sake mamaye Vidin.Ya kuma aika da sojoji su kai farmaki a Banate na Severin, amma kwamandan Hungarian, Lawrence, ya yi yaƙi da maharan.Mamaya na Bulgaria na Severin ya fusata Béla IV.Ba da daɗewa ba bayan da ya kulla yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya da Ottokar II na Bohemia a cikin Maris 1261, sojojin Hungary sun kutsa cikin Bulgaria a ƙarƙashin umarnin ɗan Béla IV kuma magaji, Stephen.Sun kama Vidin kuma suka kewaye Lom a kan ƙananan Danube, amma ba su iya kawo Konstantin zuwa yaƙi ba, saboda ya koma Tarnovo.Sojojin Hungary sun bar Bulgaria kafin karshen shekara, amma yakin ya mayar da arewa maso yammacin Bulgaria zuwa Rostislav.

Surukin Konstantin, John IV Laskaris, an tsige shi kuma ya makantar da shi daga tsohon majiɓincinsa kuma mataimakinsa, Michael VIII Palaiologos , kafin ƙarshen 1261. Sojojin Michael VIII sun mamaye Constantinople a cikin Yuli, don haka juyin mulkin ya sa shi shi kaɗai ne mai mulkin daular Byzantine da aka maido.Sake haifuwar daular ta sauya alakar gargajiya tsakanin masu iko da yankin Balkan.Bugu da ƙari, matar Konstantine ta yanke shawarar ɗaukar fansa game da yankan ɗan'uwanta kuma ta rinjayi Konstantine ya juya wa Michael.Mitso Asen, tsohon sarki, wanda har yanzu yake rike da kudu maso gabashin Bulgaria , ya kulla kawance da Rumawa, amma wani mai martaba mai karfi, Jacob Svetoslav, wanda ya mallaki yankin kudu maso yammacin kasar, ya kasance mai biyayya ga Konstantine.Da yake amfana daga yaƙi tsakanin Daular Byzantine, Jamhuriyar Venice , Achaea da Epirus, Konstantine ya mamaye Thrace kuma ya kama Stanimaka da Philippopolis a cikin kaka na 1262. An kuma tilasta Mitso ya gudu zuwa Mesembria (yanzu Nesebar a Bulgaria).Bayan Konstantine ya kewaye garin, Mitso ya nemi taimako daga Rumawa, yana ba da damar mika musu Mesembria don musanyawa da kadarorin da ke cikin Daular Rumawa.Michael VIII ya karɓi tayin kuma ya aika Michael Glabs Tarchaneiotes don taimakawa Mitso a 1263.Sojojin Rumawa na biyu sun kutsa kai cikin Thrace suka kwato Stanimaka da Philippopolis.Bayan kwace Mesembria daga Mitso, Glabas Tarchaneiotes ya ci gaba da yakin neman zabensa tare da Bahar Black ya mamaye Agathopolis, Sozopolis da Anchialos.A halin da ake ciki, rundunar sojojin Byzantine ta karbe iko da Vicina da sauran tashoshin jiragen ruwa a yankin Danube Delta.Glabas Tarchaneiotes ya kai hari ga Yakubu Svetoslav wanda kawai zai iya tsayayya da taimakon Hungary , don haka ya yarda da suzerainty Béla IV.

Sakamakon yakin da Rumawa ya yi, a ƙarshen 1263, Bulgaria ta rasa yankuna masu mahimmanci ga manyan abokan gaba biyu, daular Byzantine da Hungary .Konstantin zai iya neman taimako kawai daga Tatar na Golden Horde don kawo ƙarshen keɓewar sa.Tatar khans sun kasance masu mulkin sarakunan Bulgaria kusan shekaru ashirin, kodayake mulkinsu na yau da kullun ne kawai.Wani tsohonSultan na Rum , Kaykaus II, wanda aka daure a gidan yari bisa umarnin Michael VIII, shi ma ya so ya sake samun karagar mulki tare da taimakon Tatar.Daya daga cikin kawunsa wani fitaccen shugaban kungiyar Golden Horde ne kuma ya aike masa da sakon da ya jawo hankalin Tatar don mamaye daular Rumawa tare da taimakon Bulgaria.Dubban 'yan Tatar ne suka tsallaka daskararru na Lower Danube don mamaye daular Rumawa a karshen shekara ta 1264. Nan da nan Konstantin ya shiga cikin su, ko da yake ya fado daga kan doki ya karya kafarsa.Hadaddiyar sojojin Tatar da na Bulgeriya sun kai farmaki ba zato ba tsammani a kan Michael na VIII wanda ke dawowa daga Tassaliya zuwa Konstantinoful, amma sun kasa kama sarkin.Konstantin ya kewaye sansanin Byzantine na Ainos (yanzu Enez a Turkiyya), wanda ya tilasta masu kare su mika wuya.Rumawa kuma sun yarda su saki Kaykaus (wanda ba da daɗewa ba ya tafi Golden Horde), amma an tsare iyalinsa a kurkuku ko da bayan haka.

Charles I na Anjou da Baldwin II, sarkin Latin na Konstantinoful da aka kora, sun ƙulla kawance da Daular Byzantine a shekara ta 1267. Don hana Bulgeriya shiga ƙungiyar kawancen yaƙi da Byzantine, Michael na VIII ya miƙa ’yar wansa Maria Palaiologina Kantakouzene ga gwauruwa Konstantin. a shekara ta 1268. Sarkin ya kuma yi alkawari zai mayar da Mesembria da Anchialos zuwa Bulgaria a matsayin sadakinta idan ta haifi ɗa.Konstantin ya auri Maria, amma Michael na VIII ya karya alkawarinsa kuma bai yi watsi da garuruwan biyu ba bayan haihuwar Konstantin da ɗan Maria, Michael.Domin ya fusata da cin amana da sarkin ya yi, Konstantin ya aika da jakadu zuwa ga Charles zuwa Naples a watan Satumba na shekara ta 1271. Tattaunawar ta ci gaba a cikin shekaru masu zuwa, wanda ya nuna cewa Konstantin yana son ya goyi bayan Charles a yaƙin Rumawa.Konstantin ya shiga cikin Thrace a cikin 1271 ko 1272, amma Michael na VIII ya rinjayi Nogai, babban mutum a yammacin yammacin Golden Horde , ya mamaye Bulgaria.Tatars sun wawashe ƙasar, inda suka tilasta Konstantin ya koma ya yi watsi da ikirarinsa na garuruwan biyu.Nogai ya kafa babban birninsa a Isaccea kusa da Danube Delta, ta haka zai iya kai hari Bulgaria cikin sauki.Konstantin ya ji rauni sosai bayan hatsarin hawa kuma ya kasa motsi ba tare da taimako ba, domin ya shanye daga kugu.Konstantin gurgu ba zai iya hana Tatars Nogai yin ganima akai-akai akan Bulgaria ba.

Saboda yaƙe-yaƙe masu tsada da rashin nasara, hare-haren Mongol da aka maimaita, da rashin kwanciyar hankali, gwamnati ta fuskanci tawaye a shekara ta 1277. Tashin Ivaylo tawaye ne na ƙauyen Bulgeriya don adawa da mulkin Sarki Constantine Tikh da bai dace ba na Bulgeriya.Tashin hankalin dai ya samo asali ne sakamakon gazawar da hukumomin tsakiya suka yi na fuskantar barazanar Mongol a arewa maso gabashin Bulgaria .Mongols sun kwashe shekaru da yawa suna wawashe dukiyar al'ummar Bulgeriya, musamman a yankin Dobrudzha.Rashin rauni na cibiyoyin gwamnati ya kasance saboda haɓaka feudalisation na daular Bulgaria ta biyu.Shugaban manoman Ivaylo, wanda aka ce marubutan Rumawa na zamanin da shi makiyayin aladu ne, ya tabbatar da cewa shi ne babban shugaba mai nasara kuma mai kwarjini.A farkon watanni na tawayen, ya ci Mongols da sojojin sarki, ya kashe Constantine Tikh da kansa a yakin.Daga baya, ya yi nasara a babban birnin Tarnovo, ya auri Maria Palaiologina Kantakouzene, gwauruwar sarki, kuma ya tilasta wa masu mulki su amince da shi a matsayin sarkin Bulgaria.

Sarkin Byzantine Michael VIII Palaiologos ya yanke shawarar yin amfani da rashin zaman lafiya a Bulgaria .Ya aika da sojoji don dora abokinsa Ivan Asen III a kan karaga.Ivan Asen III ya sami iko da yankin tsakanin Vidin da Cherven.Mongols sun kewaye Ivailo a Drastar (Silistra) kuma masu girma a babban birnin Tarnovo sun yarda da Ivan Asen III ga Sarkin sarakuna.A cikin wannan shekarar, duk da haka, Ivailo ya sami nasarar yin nasara a Drastar kuma ya nufi babban birnin kasar.Domin ya taimaka wa abokin nasa, Michael na VIII ya aika da sojoji 10,000 zuwa Bulgaria karkashin Murin.Lokacin da Ivailo ya sami labarin wannan kamfen, ya yi watsi da tafiyarsa zuwa Tarnovo.Duk da cewa sojojinsa sun fi yawa, shugaban Bulgaria ya kai hari a Murin a cikin Kotel Pass a ranar 17 ga Yuli 1279 kuma an fatattaki Rumawa gaba daya.Yawancinsu sun mutu a yaƙin, sauran kuma aka kama su kuma aka kashe su da umarnin Ivailo.Bayan shan kaye Michael na VIII ya aika da wani dakaru 5,000 karkashin Aprin amma kuma Ivailo ya ci su kafin ya isa tsaunin Balkan.Ba tare da tallafi ba, Ivan Asen III ya gudu zuwa Constantinople.

Sarkin Byzantine Michael VIII Palaiologos yayi ƙoƙari ya yi amfani da wannan yanayin kuma ya shiga cikin Bulgaria.Ya aika Ivan Asen III, ɗan tsohon Sarkin sarakuna Mitso Asen, don neman sarautar Bulgaria a shugaban babban sojojin Byzantine.A lokaci guda, Michael VIII ya tunzura Mongols don kai hari daga arewa, wanda ya tilasta Ivaylo ya yi yaki a bangarori biyu.Mongols sun ci Ivaylo kuma suka kewaye shi a muhimmin kagara na Drastar.A cikin rashi, da nobility a Tarnovo bude kofofin zuwa Ivan Asen III.Duk da haka, Ivaylo ya karya kewaye kuma Ivan Asen III ya gudu zuwa Daular Byzantine.Michael na VIII ya aika manyan sojoji biyu, amma ’yan tawayen Bulgariya sun ci su duka a tsaunin Balkan.A halin yanzu, masu sarauta a babban birnin sun yi shelar a matsayin sarki ɗaya daga cikin nasu, mai girma George Terter I. Makiya sun kewaye su kuma tare da raguwar goyon baya saboda yakin da ake yi akai-akai, Ivaylo ya gudu zuwa kotun Mongol Sarkin yaki Nogai Khan don neman taimako. amma daga karshe aka kashe shi.Gado na tawaye ya jimre duka a Bulgaria da kuma a Byzantium.

Ci gaba da nasarar da Ivaylo ya samu a kan ƙarfafawar Rumawa ya sa Ivan Asen III ya gudu daga babban birnin kasar ya tsere zuwa Daular Rumawa, yayin da George Terter I ya kama mulki a matsayin sarki a shekara ta 1280. Tare da barazanar Ivaylo da Ivan Asen na III, George Terter I ya yi nasara. kawance da Sarki Charles I na Sicily, da Stefan Dragutin na Serbia, da kuma Thessaly a kan Michael VIII Palaeologus na Daular Byzantine a 1281. Ƙungiyar ta gaza yayin da Charles ya shagala da Sicilian Vespers da ballewar Sicily a 1282, yayin da Bulgaria ta kasance. Mongols na Golden Horde ya lalata su a karkashin Nogai Khan.Neman goyon bayan Serbia, George Terter I ya haɗa 'yarsa Anna zuwa ga Sarkin Serbia Stefan Uroš II Milutin a 1284.Tun bayan mutuwar Sarkin Rumawa Michael na VIII Palaiologos a shekara ta 1282, George Terter I ya sake bude tattaunawa da Daular Rumawa kuma ya nemi ya dawo da matarsa ​​ta farko.An cimma wannan ta hanyar yarjejeniya, kuma Marias biyu sun yi musayar wurare a matsayin sarki da garkuwa.Shi ma Theodore Svetoslav ya koma Bulgaria bayan nasarar da sarki Joachim III ya yi masa, kuma mahaifinsa ya nada shi tare da zama sarki, amma bayan wani mamayar Mongol a 1285, an kore shi a matsayin garkuwa ga Nogai Khan.Ita ma sauran 'yar'uwar Theodore Svetoslav, Helena, an aika zuwa Horde, inda ta auri ɗan Nogai Chaka.Dalilan gudun hijira ba su fito fili ba.A cewar George Pachymeres, bayan harin da Nogai Khan ya kai Bulgaria, an cire George Terter daga karagar mulki sannan ya tafi Adrianople.Sarkin Byzantine Andronikos II Palaiologos da farko ya ƙi karbarsa, watakila yana jin tsoron rikici da Mongols, kuma George Terter yana jira a cikin mummunan yanayi a kusa da Adrianople.Daga karshe aka tura tsohon sarkin Bulgaria ya zauna a yankin Anatoliya.George Terter I ya wuce shekaru goma masu zuwa na rayuwarsa a cikin duhu.

An yi la'akari da mulkin Smilec a matsayin tsayin mulkin Mongol a Bulgaria .Duk da haka, ana iya ci gaba da kai hare-haren Mongol, kamar yadda ya faru a shekara ta 1297 da 1298. Tun da waɗannan hare-haren sun ƙwace sassan Thrace (sa'an nan gaba ɗaya a hannun Byzantine), wataƙila Bulgaria ba ta cikin manufarsu.A haƙiƙa, duk da manufofin Nogai na goyon bayan Byzantine, Smilec ya shiga cikin yaƙin da bai yi nasara ba da daular Rumawa a farkon mulkinsa.Game da 1296/1297 Smilec ya auri 'yarsa Theodora zuwa nan gaba Sarkin Serbia Stefan Uroš III Dečanski, kuma wannan ƙungiyar ta haifar da Sarkin Serbia kuma daga baya sarki Stefan Uroš IV Dušan.A cikin 1298 Smilec ya ɓace daga shafukan tarihi, a fili bayan farkon mamayewar Chaka.Wataƙila Chaka ne ya kashe shi ko kuma ya mutu saboda dalilai na halitta yayin da abokan gaba suka yi gaba da shi.Smilec ya gaje shi da ɗansa Ivan II.

Chaka dan shugaban Mongol Nogai Khan ne ta wata mata mai suna Alaka.Wani lokaci bayan 1285 Chaka ya auri 'yar George Terter I na Bulgaria , mai suna Elena.A ƙarshen 1290s, Chaka ya goyi bayan mahaifinsa Nogai a yaƙi da halaltaccen khan na Golden Horde Toqta, amma Toqta ya yi nasara kuma ya ci nasara kuma ya kashe Nogai a 1299.A daidai wannan lokaci Chaka ya jagoranci magoya bayansa zuwa Bulgaria, ya tsoratar da gwamnatin Ivan II don gudun hijira daga babban birnin kasar, kuma ya nada kansa a matsayin mai mulki a Tărnovo a 1299. Ba a da tabbacin ko ya yi sarauta a matsayin Sarkin Bulgaria ko kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin mai mulki. shugaban surukinsa Theodore Svetoslav.An yarda da shi a matsayin mai mulkin Bulgaria ta tarihin tarihin Bulgaria.Chaka bai daɗe da jin daɗin sabon matsayinsa na mulki ba, yayin da sojojin Toqta suka bi shi zuwa Bulgeriya suka yi wa Tărnovo kawanya.Theodore Svetoslav, wanda ya taka rawa wajen taimakawa Chaka kwace mulki, ya shirya wani makircin da aka tuhume Chaka kuma aka shake shi a gidan yari a shekara ta 1300.

Mulkin Theodore Svetoslav yana da alaƙa da kwanciyar hankali na ciki da kwanciyar hankali na ƙasar, ƙarshen ikon Mongol na Tarnovo, da dawo da sassan Thrace da aka rasa zuwa Daular Byzantine tun lokacin yaƙe-yaƙe da Ivaylo na Bulgaria .Theodore Svetoslav ya bi tafarki na rashin tausayi, inda ya hukunta duk waɗanda suka tsaya a kan hanyarsa, ciki har da tsohon mai taimakonsa, Uba Joachim III, wanda aka zarge shi da cin amana kuma aka kashe shi.Dangane da irin zaluncin da sabon sarkin ya yi, wasu jiga-jigai masu daraja sun nemi su maye gurbinsa da wasu masu da’awar sarauta, wanda Andronikos na biyu ke marawa baya.Wani sabon mai da'awar ya bayyana a cikin mutumin sebastokrator Radoslav Voïsil daga Sredna Gora, ɗan'uwan tsohon sarki Smilets, wanda aka ci nasara, kuma kawun Theodore Svetoslav, despotēs Aldimir (Eltimir), ya kama shi a Krăn a kusan 1301.Wani mai yin riya shi ne tsohon sarki Michael Asen II, wanda bai yi nasara ba ya yi ƙoƙari ya shiga ƙasar Bulgeriya tare da sojojin Rumawa a kusan shekara ta 1302. Theodore Svetoslav ya yi musanyar manyan hafsoshi goma sha uku na Byzantine da aka kama a lokacin da Radoslav ya sha kaye ga mahaifinsa George Terter I, wanda ya zauna a wata ƙasa. rayuwar jin dadi a cikin wani birni da ba a san ko wanene ba.

Lokacin da Theodore Svetoslav ya zama Sarkin Bulgeriya a shekara ta 1300, ya nemi ramuwar gayya kan harin da Tatar ta kai wa jihar a cikin shekaru 20 da suka gabata.An fara hukunta masu cin amanar kasa, ciki har da sarki Joachim III, wanda aka same shi da laifin taimakawa abokan gaba na kambi.Daga nan sai sarkin ya juya zuwa Byzantium, wanda ya zaburar da Tatar mamayar kuma ya yi nasarar cin nasara a kan manyan garu na Bulgaria a Thrace.A cikin 1303, sojojinsa sun yi tafiya zuwa kudu kuma sun sake samun garuruwa da yawa.A cikin shekara mai zuwa ne Rumawa suka kai hari inda sojojin biyu suka hadu a kusa da kogin Skafida.Rumawa na da fa'ida a farkon kuma sun sami damar tura Bulgarian a fadin kogin.Sojoji da suka ja da baya suka ji dadi sosai, har suka yi cincirindo a kan gadar da Bulgeriya suka yi mata zagon kasa kafin yakin, suka lalace.Kogin yana da zurfi sosai a wurin kuma sojojin Rumawa da yawa sun firgita kuma suka nutse, wanda ya taimaka wa Bulgarian samun nasara.Bayan nasarar, 'yan Bulgaria sun kama sojojin Rumawa da yawa kuma bisa ga al'ada an saki talakawa kuma kawai masu daraja ne kawai aka tsare don neman kudin fansa.

Michael Asen III shi ne ya kafa daular karshe mai mulki na daular Bulgaria ta biyu, wato daular Shishman.Bayan da aka nada shi sarauta, duk da haka, Michael ya yi amfani da sunan Asen don jaddada dangantakarsa da daular Asen, wanda ya fara mulki a kan Daular Biyu.Wani shugaba mai kuzari kuma mai kishi, Michael Shishman ya jagoranci manufofin ketare mai tsaurin ra'ayi amma mai fa'ida da rashin daidaito a kan Daular Rumawa da Masarautar Serbia, wanda ya ƙare a cikin mummunan Yaƙin Velbazhd wanda ya ɗauki kansa.Shi ne mai mulkin Bulgaria na tsakiya na ƙarshe wanda ke da nufin yaƙi da mulkin soja da siyasa na daular Bulgariya a kan yankin Balkan kuma na ƙarshe wanda ya yi ƙoƙarin kwace Konstantinoful.Ɗansa Ivan Stephen ne ya gaje shi, daga baya kuma ɗan wansa Ivan Alexander, wanda ya sauya manufofin Michael Shishman ta hanyar kulla kawance da Sabiya.

Bayan 1328 Andronikos III ya ci nasara kuma ya kori kakansa.Serbia da Rumawa sun shiga wani lokaci na mummunan dangantaka, kusa da yanayin yakin da ba a bayyana ba.A baya can, a cikin 1324, ya sake saki kuma ya kori matarsa ​​da 'yar'uwar Stefan Anna Neda, kuma ya auri 'yar'uwar Andronikos III Theodora.A lokacin ne Sabiyawan suka kwace wasu muhimman garuruwa irin su Prosek da Prilep har ma sun yiwa Ohrid kawanya (1329).Dukansu dauloli (Byzantine da Bulgarian) sun damu matuka game da saurin ci gaban Serbia kuma a ranar 13 ga Mayu 1327 sun kulla yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya ta adawa da Serbia.Bayan wata ganawa da Andronikos III a shekara ta 1329, sarakunan sun yanke shawarar mamaye abokan gaba nasu;Micheal Asen III ya shirya kai hare-haren soji na hadin gwiwa kan Serbia.Shirin ya hada da kawar da Serbia sosai da kuma raba shi tsakanin Bulgaria da daular Byzantine.Yawancin sojojin biyu sun yi sansani a kusa da Velbazhd, amma duka Michael Shishman da Stefan Dečanski suna tsammanin ƙarfafawa kuma daga 24 ga Yuli sun fara tattaunawar da ta ƙare tare da tsagaita wuta na kwana ɗaya.Sarkin sarakuna yana da wasu matsalolin da suka rinjayi shawarar da ya yanke don sasantawa: rundunar sojojin ba su isa ba kuma Bulgarian sun kasance karancin abinci.Dakarunsu sun watsu a cikin kasar da kauyukan da ke kusa da su don neman abinci.A halin da ake ciki kuma, samun gagarumin ƙarfafawa, mayaƙan doki na Catalonia 1,000 ɗauke da muggan makamai, ƙarƙashin jagorancin ɗansa Stefan Dušan a cikin dare, Sabiyawan sun karya maganarsu kuma suka kai hari ga sojojin Bulgaria.a farkon ranar 28 ga Yuli 1330 kuma ya kama sojojin Bulgaria da mamaki.Nasarar da Serbia ta samu ya haifar da daidaiton iko a yankin Balkan na shekaru ashirin masu zuwa.

Tsawon mulkin Ivan Alexander ana daukarsa a matsayin lokacin rikon kwarya a tarihin daular Bulgaria .Ivan Alexander ya fara mulkinsa ne ta hanyar magance matsalolin cikin gida da barazanar waje daga makwabtan Bulgeriya, daular Rumawa da Sabiya, tare da jagorantar daularsa zuwa wani lokaci na farfado da tattalin arziki da farfado da al'adu da addini.Duk da haka, daga baya sarkin ya kasa tinkarar hare-haren da dakarun Ottoman ke yi, da mamayar Hungary daga arewa maso yamma da kuma Mutuwar Bakar fata.A wani mummunan yunƙuri na yaƙi da waɗannan matsalolin, ya raba ƙasar tsakanin 'ya'yansa biyu, don haka ya tilasta mata fuskantar yakin daular Usmaniyya da ke kusa da ta raunana kuma ta rabu.

A lokacin rani na wannan shekarar, Rumawa sun tattara sojoji kuma ba tare da sanarwar yaki ba suka ci gaba zuwa Bulgaria , suna kwashewa da kwashe kauyukan da ke kan hanyarsu.Sarkin sarakuna ya fuskanci Bulgarian a ƙauyen Rusokastro.Ivan Alexander yana da sojoji 8,000 yayin da Rumawa suka kasance 3,000 kawai.An yi shawarwari tsakanin sarakunan biyu amma da gangan sarkin Bulgaria ya tsawaita su saboda yana jiran karin taimako.A daren 17 ga watan Yuli daga karshe suka isa sansaninsa (masandan doki 3,000) sai ya yanke shawarar kai wa Rumawa hari washegari.Andronikos III Palaiologos ba shi da wani zabi illa ya yarda da yakin.An fara yakin ne da karfe shida na safe aka ci gaba da gwabzawa har tsawon sa'o'i uku.Rumawa sun yi ƙoƙarin hana sojojin dawakan Bulgaria kewaye da su, amma abin da suka yi ya ci tura.Sojojin dawakai sun zagaya layin Rumawa na farko, suka bar shi ga sojojin da ke ci gaba da cajin gefen gefensu.Bayan da aka gwabza kazamin fada da Rusokastro ya yi fatali da sojojin Rumawa, suka yi watsi da fagen daga suka fake a Rusokastro.Sojojin Bulgaria sun kewaye katangar kuma da tsakar rana a wannan rana Ivan Alexander ya aika da wakilai don ci gaba da tattaunawar.Bulgarian sun dawo da yankinsu da suka ɓace a Thrace kuma sun ƙarfafa matsayin daularsu.Wannan shi ne babban yaki na karshe tsakanin Bulgeriya da Byzantium yayin da yakinsu na mulkin mallaka na Balkan na karni na 7 ya zo karshe nan ba da jimawa ba, bayan faduwar dauloli biyu karkashin mulkin Ottoman .

A cikin 1341-1347 Daular Rumawa ta shiga cikin yakin basasa mai tsawaita tsakanin mulkin Sarki John V Palaiologos karkashin Anna of Savoy da waliyinsa John VI Kantakouzenos.Maƙwabtan Rumawa sun yi amfani da yakin basasa, yayin da Stefan Uroš IV Dušan na Serbia ya goyi bayan John VI Kantakouzenos, Ivan Alexander ya goyi bayan John V Palaiologos da mulkinsa.Ko da yake sarakunan Balkan biyu sun zaɓi wani bangare a yaƙin basasa na Rumawa, sun ci gaba da haɗa kai da juna.A matsayin farashin goyon bayan Ivan Alexander, mulkin John V Palaiologos ya ba shi birnin Philippopolis (Plovdiv) da wasu kagara masu muhimmanci a cikin tsaunin Rhodope a shekara ta 1344. Wannan juyin juya hali na lumana ya zama babban nasara ta ƙarshe na manufofin harkokin waje na Ivan Alexander.

A rabi na biyu na 1340s, kadan ya rage na farko na nasarar Ivan Alexander.Kawayen Turkiyya na John VI Kantakouzenos sun yi awon gaba da wasu sassa na Thrace na Bulgeriya a shekarun 1346, 1347, 1349, 1352 da 1354, wadanda suka kara barnar Mutuwar Bakar fata.Yunkurin da 'yan Bulgaria suka yi na fatattakar maharan ya ci karo da gazawa akai-akai, kuma an kashe ɗan Ivan Alexander na uku kuma babban sarki, Ivan Asen IV a yaƙi da Turkawa a shekara ta 1349, kamar yadda babban ɗan'uwansa Michael Asen IV aka kashe a 1355 ko kaɗan. a baya.

A shekara ta 1351 yakin basasa na Byzantine ya ƙare, kuma John VI Kantakouzenos ya fahimci barazanar da Ottomans ke yi ga yankin Balkan.Ya roki sarakunan Sabiya da Bulgariya da su hada kai da Turkawa, ya kuma nemi Ivan Alexander ya ba shi kudi ya kera jiragen ruwan yaki, amma koken nasa ya yi kunnen uwar shegu yayin da makwabtansa suka ki amincewa da niyyarsa.Wani sabon yunƙuri na haɗin gwiwa tsakanin Bulgeriya da Daular Rumawa ya biyo baya a shekara ta 1355, bayan an tilasta wa John VI Kantakouzenos yin murabus kuma an kafa John V Palaiologos a matsayin babban sarki.Don tabbatar da yarjejeniyar, 'yar Ivan Alexander Keraca Marija ta yi aure zuwa nan gaba Sarkin Byzantine Andronikos IV Palaiologos, amma kawancen ya kasa samar da sakamako mai kyau.

Yaƙin neman zaɓe na Savoyard ya kasance balaguron ƙwazo ne zuwa ƙasashen Balkan a cikin 1366-67.An haife ta ne daga irin wannan shiri da ya kai ga yakin Crusade na Iskandariya kuma shi ne tushen Paparoma Urban V. Count Amadeus VI na Savoy ne ya jagoranta kuma ya yi gaba da Daular Usmaniyya mai girma a gabashin Turai.Ko da yake an yi niyya ne a matsayin haɗin gwiwa tare da Masarautar Hungary da Daular Rumawa , an karkatar da yaƙin yaƙe-yaƙe daga babban manufarsa don kaiwa Daular Bulgaria ta biyu hari.

Bayan mutuwar Ivan Alexander, an raba daular Bulgaria zuwa masarautu uku a tsakanin 'ya'yansa maza, tare da Ivan Shishman ya ɗauki Masarautar Tаrnovo da ke tsakiyar Bulgaria da ɗan'uwansa Ivan Sratsimir wanda ke riƙe da Vidin Tsardom.Ko da yake gwagwarmayar da ya yi na korar daular Usmaniyya ta banbanta shi da sauran masu mulki a yankin Balkan kamar na Serbian Despot Stephan Lazarevic wanda ya zama mai biyayya ga Ottomans kuma ya biya harajin shekara-shekara.Duk da raunin soja da siyasa, a lokacin mulkinsa Bulgaria ta kasance babbar cibiyar al'adu kuma ra'ayoyin Hesychasm sun mamaye Cocin Orthodox na Bulgaria.Mulkin Ivan Shishman yana da alaƙa da faɗuwar Bulgaria a ƙarƙashin mulkin Ottoman.

A cikin 1369, Turkawa Ottoman karkashin Murad I sun ci Adrianople (a cikin 1363) kuma suka mai da shi babban birni mai fa'ida.A lokaci guda kuma sun kame garuruwan Bulgaria na Philippopolis da Boruj (Stara Zagora).Yayin da Bulgeriya da sarakunan Serbia a Macedonia suka shirya don yaƙi da Turkawa, Ivan Alexander ya mutu a ranar 17 ga Fabrairu 1371. 'Ya'yansa Ivan Sracimir suka gaje shi a Vidin da Ivan Šišman a Tǎrnovo, yayin da sarakunan Dobruja da Wallachia suka sami ƙarin 'yancin kai. .A ranar 26 ga Satumbar 1371, Daular Usmaniyya ta yi galaba a kan wata babbar runduna ta Kirista karkashin jagorancin 'yan'uwan Serbia Vukašin Mrnjavčević da Jovan Uglješa a yakin Maritsa.Nan da nan suka juya kan Bulgaria kuma suka ci arewacin Thrace, Rhodopes, Kostenets, Ihtiman, da Samokov, tare da iyakance ikon Ivan Shishman a cikin ƙasashe zuwa arewacin tsaunin Balkan da kwarin Sofia.Ba zai iya jurewa ba, an tilasta wa Sarkin Bulgeriya ya zama Basaraken Ottoman, kuma a sakamakon haka ya kwato wasu garuruwan da suka bata ya kuma samu zaman lafiya na tsawon shekaru goma.

Siege na Sofia ya faru a cikin 1382 ko 1385 a lokacin yakin Bulgarian-Ottoman.Ya kasa kare kasarsa daga hannun Daular Usmaniyya, a shekara ta 1373 Sarkin Bulgeriya Ivan Shishman ya amince ya zama Basaraken Ottoman kuma ya auri 'yar uwarsa Kera Tamara ga Sarkinsu Murad I, yayin da Daular Usmaniyya za ta mayar da wasu sansanonin da aka ci.Duk da zaman lafiya, a farkon shekarun 1380 ne Ottoman suka koma yakin neman zabe tare da kewaye muhimmin birnin Sofia wanda ke kula da manyan hanyoyin sadarwa zuwa Sabiya da Macedonia.Akwai ƙananan bayanai game da kewaye.Bayan yunkurin mamaye birnin na banza, kwamandan Ottoman Lala Shahin Pasha ya yi la'akari da yin watsi da kewayen.Sai dai wani dan kasar Bulgeriya ya yi nasarar jawo gwamnan birnin Ban Yanuka daga kagara don farauta kuma Turkawa sun kama shi.Babu jagora, Bulgarian sun mika wuya.An lalata katangar birnin tare da kafa sansanin Ottoman.Tare da hanyar zuwa arewa maso yamma da aka share, Ottomans sun kara matsawa kuma suka kama Pirot da Niš a 1386, don haka suna tafiya tsakanin Bulgaria da Serbia.

A cewar littafin tarihin Bulgaria Anonymous, ya kashe Wallachian voivode Dan I na Wallachia a watan Satumba 1386. Ya kuma ci gaba da rashin kwanciyar hankali da Ivan Sratsimir, wanda ya karya dangantakarsa ta ƙarshe da Tarnovo a 1371 kuma ya raba dioceses na Vidin da Tarnovo Patriarchate. .'Yan'uwan biyu ba su ba da hadin kai ba don tunkude mamayewar Ottoman .In ji ɗan tarihi Konstantin Jireček, ’yan’uwan sun shiga wani rikici mai zafi game da Sofia.Ivan Shishman ya yi watsi da wajibcinsa na tallafawa Ottoman tare da sojoji a lokacin yakin neman zabe.Maimakon haka, ya yi amfani da kowace dama don shiga cikin haɗin gwiwar Kirista tare da Sabiyawa da Hungarian , yana haifar da mamayewar Ottoman a 1388 da 1393.

Bayan shan kashi na Serbia da Bosnia a yakin Kosovo a ranar 15 ga Yuni 1389, Ivan Shishman ya nemi taimako daga Hungary .A lokacin hunturu na 1391-1392, ya shiga tattaunawar sirri tare da Sarkin Hungary Sigismund, wanda ke shirin yaƙi da Turkawa.Sabon Sarkin Daular Usmaniyya Bayezid na I ya yi kamar yana da niyyar lumana domin ya yanke Ivan Shishman daga kawancen da ya yi da Hungarian.Duk da haka, a cikin bazara na 1393 Bayezid ya tara dakaru masu yawa daga yankunan Balkans da Asia Minor ya kai hari Bulgaria .Daular Usmaniyya sun yi tattaki zuwa babban birnin Tarnovo inda suka yi masa kawanya.Ya ba da babban umarni ga ɗansa Celebi, kuma ya umarce shi ya tashi zuwa Tarnovo.Nan take aka yiwa garin kawanya daga ko'ina.Turkawa dai sun yi wa 'yan kasar barazana da wuta da kuma kashe su idan ba su mika wuya ba.Jama'a sun yi turjiya amma daga bisani suka mika wuya bayan wani hari na watanni uku, biyo bayan harin da aka kai musu daga wajen Tsarevets, a ranar 17 ga Yuli, 1393. An mayar da cocin Patriarch's " hawan Almasihu zuwa masallaci, sauran majami'u ma an mayar da su masallaci. zuwa cikin masallatai, wuraren wanka, ko barga.An kona dukkan manyan fada da majami'u na Trapezitsa tare da lalata su.Haka kuma aka sa ran ga tzar fādodin Tsarevets;duk da haka, an bar sassan bangon su da hasumiya a tsaye har zuwa karni na 17.

Ivan Shishman ya mutu a shekara ta 1395 lokacin da Ottomans , karkashin jagorancin Bayezid I, suka dauki sansaninsa na karshe na Nikopol.A shekara ta 1396, Ivan Sratsimir ya shiga yakin Crusade na Sarkin Hungarian Sigismund, amma bayan da sojojin Kirista suka ci nasara a yakin Nicopolis, nan da nan Ottomans suka hau kan Vidin suka kwace shi, wanda ya kawo karshen mulkin Bulgarian na da.Yakin Nicopolis ya faru ne a ranar 25 ga Satumba 1396 kuma ya haifar da fatattakar sojojin 'yan ta'adda na Hungarian, Croatian, Bulgarian, Wallachian, Faransanci , Burgundian, Jamusanci, da dakaru daban-daban (da taimakon sojojin ruwa na Venetian ) a hannun wani sojan ruwa. Daular Ottoman, ta tayar da kewayen sansanin Danubian na Nicopolis kuma ya kai ga ƙarshen daular Bulgaria ta biyu.Yawancin lokaci ana kiransa da Crusade na Nicopolis kamar yadda ya kasance ɗayan manyan Crusades na ƙarshe na Tsakiyar Tsakiya, tare da Crusade na Varna a 1443-1444.