Daular Byzantine: Yaƙin Nicaean-Latin

Buhun Konstantinoful ya faru ne a cikin Afrilu 1204 kuma ya nuna ƙarshen yakin Crusade na huɗu .Yana da wani babban sauyi a tarihin tsakiyar zamanai.Dakarun 'yan Salibiyya sun kama, sun kwashi ganima, sun lalata sassan Constantinople, a lokacin babban birnin Daular Byzantine.Bayan kwace birnin, an raba yankuna a tsakanin 'yan Salibiyya.

Jikan Andronikos I , Alexios da David Komnenos sun ci Trebizond tare da taimakon Sarauniya Tamar ta Jojiya.Alexios ya dauki lakabin sarki, ya kafa jihar magada ta Byzantine, Daular Trebizond, a arewa maso gabashin Anatoliya.

Baldwin I shine sarki na farko na daular Latin na Konstantinoful;Count of Flanders (kamar Baldwin IX) daga 1194 zuwa 1205 da Count of Hainaut (as Baldwin VI) daga 1195-1205.Baldwin ya kasance daya daga cikin fitattun jagororin yakin Crusade na hudu , wanda ya haifar da buhu na Konstantinoful a shekara ta 1204, da cin manyan sassan Daular Byzantine, da kuma kafuwar Daular Latin.Ya yi rashin nasara a yaƙinsa na ƙarshe da Kaloyan , Sarkin Bulgeriya , kuma ya yi kwanakinsa na ƙarshe a matsayin fursuna.

Kwamitin 'yan Salibiyya 12 da 'yan Venetian 12 ne suka yanke shawara kan rabon daular Rumawa, gami da yankunan da har yanzu ke karkashin mulkin masu da'awar Byzantine.Dangane da yarjejeniyarsu ta Maris, kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na ƙasar an ba da izini ga sarki, yayin da aka raba sauran yankin tsakanin Venetian da aristocrats na Latin.

Bayan faduwar Konstantinoful ga 'yan Salibiyya a shekara ta 1204, Boniface na Montferrat, shugaban 'yan Salibiyya, duka 'yan Salibiyya da Rumawa da suka ci nasara sun sa ran ya zama sabon sarki.Duk da haka, ' yan Venetian sun ji cewa Boniface yana da alaƙa da Daular Byzantine, kamar yadda ɗan'uwansa Conrad ya yi aure a cikin gidan sarauta na Byzantine.Mutanen Venetian suna son sarki wanda za su iya sarrafa shi cikin sauƙi, kuma tare da tasirin su, an zaɓi Baldwin na Flanders a matsayin sarkin sabon Daular Latin.Boniface ya yarda da haka, kuma ya tashi ya ci Tasalonika, birni na biyu mafi girma na Byzantine bayan Constantinople.Da farko sai da ya yi gogayya da Sarkin sarakuna Baldwin, wanda shi ma yake son birnin.Sannan ya ci gaba da kwace birnin daga baya a shekara ta 1204 kuma ya kafa masarauta a can, wanda ke karkashin Baldwin, ko da yake ba a taba amfani da sunan “sarki” a hukumance ba.A cikin 1204-05, Boniface ya sami damar mika mulkinsa zuwa kudu zuwa Girka , ya ci gaba ta hanyar Thessaly, Boeotia, Euboea, da Attica Boniface mulkin ya yi kasa da shekaru biyu kafin Tsar Kaloyan na Bulgaria ya yi masa kwanton bauna kuma ya kashe shi a ranar 4 ga Satumba, 1207. Masarautar ta wuce ga ɗan Boniface Demetrius, wanda har yanzu jariri ne, don haka ainihin iko ya kasance ƙarƙashin wasu ƙananan manyan sarakuna na asalin Lombard.

A shekara ta 1204, Sarkin Rumawa Alexios V Ducas Murtzouflos ya gudu daga Konstantinoful bayan da 'yan Salibiyya suka mamaye birnin.Ba da da ewa ba, Theodore I Lascaris, surukin Sarkin sarakuna Alexios III Angelos, aka yi shelar a matsayin sarki amma shi ma, ya gane halin da ake ciki a Konstantinoful, ya gudu zuwa birnin Nicaea a Bitiniya.Theodore Lascaris bai yi nasara nan da nan ba, domin Henry na Flanders ya ci shi a Poimanenon da Prusa (yanzu Bursa) a shekara ta 1204. Amma Theodore ya sami nasarar kame yawancin yankin arewa maso yammacin Anatoliya bayan da Bulgaria ta sha kaye a hannun Sarkin Latin Baldwin na daya a yakin Adrianople, domin An sake kiran Henry zuwa Turai don kare kai daga Tsar Kaloyan na Bulgaria .Har ila yau Theodore ya yi galaba a kan wata runduna ta Trebizond, da kuma wasu kananan abokan hamayya, inda ya bar shi ya jagoranci mafi iko na jihohin da suka gaje shi.A cikin 1205, ya ɗauki lakabi na gargajiya na sarakunan Byzantine.Shekaru uku bayan haka, ya kira Majalisar Coci don ya zaɓi sabon uban Orthodox na Konstantinoful.Sabon sarki ya naɗa Theodore sarki sarauta kuma ya kafa kujerarsa a babban birnin Theodore, Nicaea.

Yakin Adramyttion ya faru ne a ranar 19 ga Maris 1205 tsakanin ‘Yan Salibiyya na Latin da Daular Bizantine ta Girka ta Nicaea, daya daga cikin masarautun da aka kafa bayan faduwar Constantinople zuwa yakin Crusade na hudu a shekara ta 1204. Ya haifar da gagarumar nasara ga Latins.Akwai asusun guda biyu na yakin, daya daga Geoffrey de Villehardouin, ɗayan kuma na Nicetas Choniates, wanda ya bambanta sosai.

Rundunar 'yan Salibiyya mai tsakanin 500 zuwa 700 Knights da sojoji a karkashin umarnin William na Champlitte da Geoffrey I na Villehardouin sun shiga cikin Morea don magance juriya na Byzantine.A cikin kurmin zaitun na Kountouras a Messenia, sun fuskanci sojojin kusan 4,000-5,000 na Girkawa na gida da Slavs karkashin jagorancin wani Michael, wani lokaci ana kiransa Michael I Komnenos Doukas, wanda ya kafa Despotate na Epirus.A yakin da ya biyo baya, 'yan Salibiyya sun yi nasara, lamarin da ya tilasta wa Rumawa ja da baya tare da murkushe juriya a Morea.Wannan yaƙin ya share fagen kafuwar Masarautar Achaea.

Kusan lokaci guda, Tsar Kaloyan, Tsar na Bulgaria , ya sami nasarar kammala shawarwari tare da Paparoma Innocent III.An san mai mulkin Bulgaria a matsayin "rex", watau sarki (tsar), yayin da babban Bishop na Bulgaria ya sake samun lakabin "primas", lakabin daidai da na sarki.Duk da kyakkyawar alakar da ke tsakanin Tsar Kaloyan da sabbin mayaka na yammacin Turai, nan da nan bayan sun zauna a Constantinopole, Latins sun bayyana ra'ayinsu akan ƙasashen Bulgaria.Mayakan Latin sun fara tsallakawa kan iyaka domin yin garkuwa da garuruwa da kauyukan Bulgaria.Wadannan ayyuka na tashin hankali sun tabbatar wa Sarkin Bulgeriya cewa kawance da Latins ba zai yiwu ba kuma ya zama dole a sami abokan haɗin gwiwa daga cikin Helenawa na Thrace waɗanda har yanzu ba a ci nasara da su ba.A cikin hunturu na 1204-1205 manzanni na gida aristocracy Girkanci ziyarci Kaloyan kuma an kafa kawance.Yaƙin Adrianople ya faru ne a kusa da Adrianople a ranar 14 ga Afrilu, 1205 tsakanin Bulgarians, Vlachs da Cumans a ƙarƙashin Tsar Kaloyan na Bulgaria, da kuma 'yan Salibiyya a ƙarƙashin Baldwin I, wanda kawai watanni kafin ya zama Sarkin sarakuna na Constantinople, tare da Venetian karkashin Doge Enrico Dandolo.Daular Bulgariya ce ta yi nasara a yakin bayan da suka yi musu kwanton bauna.An kawar da babban ɓangare na sojojin Latin, an ci nasara da maƙiyan kuma an kama Sarkinsu, Baldwin I, a kurkuku a Veliko Tarnovo.

An kafa jihar Epirote a cikin 1205 ta Michael Komnenos Doukas, dan uwan ​​sarakunan Byzantine Isaac II Angelos da Alexios III Angelos.Da farko, Michael ya yi tarayya da Boniface na Montferrat, amma ya rasa Morea (Peloponnese) ga Franks a yakin Olive Grove na Koundouros, ya tafi Epirus, inda ya dauki kansa a matsayin gwamnan Byzantine na tsohon lardin Nicopolis. tawaye ga Boniface.Ba da daɗewa ba Epirus ya zama sabon gida na ’yan gudun hijira da yawa daga Constantinople, Thessaly, da Peloponnese, kuma an kwatanta Mika’ilu a matsayin Nuhu na biyu, yana ceton maza daga tufana ta Latin.John X Kamateros, sarki na Konstantinoful, bai dauke shi a matsayin halastaccen magaji ba kuma a maimakon haka ya shiga Theodore I Laskaris a Nicaea;A maimakon haka Michael ya amince da ikon Paparoma Innocent III akan Epirus, yana yanke alaƙa da Cocin Orthodox na Gabas.

Bayan nasara mai ban sha'awa a yakin Adrianople (1205) ' yan Bulgaria sun sami iko da mafi yawan Thrace sai dai manyan garuruwa da dama da Sarkin Kaloyan ya so ya kama.A cikin Yuni 1205 ya koma gidan wasan kwaikwayo na ayyukan soja zuwa kudu maso yamma zuwa yankunan Boniface Montferrat, Sarkin Tasalonika da vassal na Daular Latin.Garin farko da ke kan hanyar sojojin Bulgaria shine Serres.'Yan Salibiyya sun yi kokarin fafatawa a kusa da garin, amma bayan mutuwar kwamanda Hugues de Coligny sun sha kaye kuma suka ja da baya zuwa garin amma a lokacin da suke ja da baya sojojin Bulgaria su ma sun shiga Serres.Sauran Latins da ke ƙarƙashin umurnin Guillaume d'Arles an kewaye su a cikin kagara.A tattaunawar da ta biyo bayan Kaloyan ta amince da ba su damar gudanar da aiki lafiya zuwa iyakar Bulgaria da Hungary .Sai dai a lokacin da sojojin suka mika wuya, an kashe jaruman yayin da aka bar talakawa.

Yaƙin neman zaɓe a 1205 ya ƙare tare da kama Philippopolis da sauran garuruwan Thracian.Sarakunan Byzantine na birnin, karkashin jagorancin Alexios Aspietes, sun yi tsayayya.Bayan da Kaloyan ya kwace birnin an ruguza ginshikinsa tare da rataye Aspietes.Ya ba da umarnin kashe shugabanninsu na Girka kuma ya aika da dubunnan mutanen Girka da aka kama zuwa Bulgaria .

Daular Latin ta sha fama da munanan raunuka kuma a cikin faduwar shekara ta 1205 'yan Salibiyya sun yi kokarin sake haduwa tare da sake tsara ragowar sojojinsu.Babban rundunonin nasu ya ƙunshi maƙiyi 140 da sojoji dubu da dama da ke da tushe a Rusion.Wannan runduna ta kasance karkashin jagorancin Thierry de Termonde da Thierry de Looz wadanda suke cikin fitattun manyan sarakunan Daular Latin na Konstantinoful.Yaƙin Rusion ya faru ne a cikin hunturu na 1206 kusa da kagara na Rusion (Rusköy na zamani Keşan) tsakanin sojojin daular Bulgaria da daular Latin ta Byzantium.'Yan Bulgaria sun samu gagarumar nasara.A cikin dukkan aikin sojan 'yan Salibiyya sun yi asarar runduna sama da 200, an kuma lalata dubban sojoji da dama da kuma garrison na Venetian gaba daya.Sabon Sarkin Daular Latin Henry na Flanders dole ne ya nemi Sarkin Faransa ya ba da wasu sojoji 600 da sojoji 10,000.Geoffrey na Villehardouin ya kwatanta shan kashi da bala'in da ya faru a Adrianople.Duk da haka, 'yan Salibiyya sun yi sa'a - a cikin 1207 an kashe Tsar Kaloyan a lokacin da aka kewaye Tasalonika kuma sabon Sarkin sarakuna Boril wanda ya kasance mai cin zarafi yana buƙatar lokaci don tilasta ikonsa.

Bayan da ' yan Bulgaria suka hallaka sojojin Latin a yakin Rusion a ranar 31 ga watan Janairun 1206 ragowar sojojin 'yan Salibiyya da suka ruguza sun nufi garin Rodosto da ke gabar teku don neman mafaka.Garin yana da katafaren sansanin Venetian kuma an ƙara samun goyon bayan rundunar sojoji 2,000 daga Konstantinoful.Duk da haka, tsoron ’yan Bulgaria ya yi yawa har Latins suka firgita saboda isowar sojojin Bulgaria.Ba su iya yin tsayayya ba kuma bayan ɗan gajeren yaƙin Venetian sun fara gudu zuwa jiragen ruwa a tashar jiragen ruwa.A cikin gaggawar tserewa jiragen ruwa da yawa sun yi lodi da yawa kuma sun nutse kuma yawancin 'yan Venetian sun nutse.'Yan Bulgariya ne suka wawashe garin wadanda suka ci gaba da tattaki na cin nasara a gabashin Thrace tare da kwace wasu garuruwa da kagara.

Lokacin da ɗan'uwansa, Emperor Baldwin, aka kama a yakin Adrianople a watan Afrilu 1205 da Bulgarians , Henry aka zaba a matsayin mai mulkin daular, ya ci nasara a kan karaga lokacin da labarin mutuwar Baldwin ya zo.An nada shi ranar 20 ga Agusta 1206.Bayan hawan Henry a matsayin sarkin Latin, sarakunan Lombard na Masarautar Tasalonika sun ƙi ba shi biyayya.Yaƙi na shekaru biyu ya biyo baya kuma bayan cin nasara ga Lombards masu goyon bayan Templar , Henry ya kwace katangar Templar na Ravennika da Zetouni (Lamia).Henry ya kasance shugaba mai hikima, wanda mulkinsa ya kasance cikin nasara a gwagwarmaya tare da Tsar Kaloyan na Bulgaria da abokin hamayyarsa Sarkin sarakuna Theodore I Lascaris na Nicaea.Daga baya ya yi yaƙi da Boril na Bulgeriya (1207-1218) kuma ya yi nasara a kansa a yakin Philippopolis.Henry ya yi yaƙi da Daular Nice, yana faɗaɗa ƙaramin riƙewa a cikin Asiya Ƙarama (a Pegai) tare da yaƙin neman zaɓe a 1207 (a Nicomedia) da kuma a cikin 1211-1212 (tare da Yaƙin Rhyndacus), inda ya kama mahimman kayan Nicea a Nymphaion.Ko da yake Theodore I Laskaris ba zai iya hamayya da wannan kamfen na baya ba, amma ga alama Henry ya yanke shawarar cewa ya fi dacewa ya mai da hankali kan matsalolinsa na Turai, domin ya nemi sasantawa da Theodore I a shekara ta 1214, kuma cikin aminci ya raba Latin daga mallakar Nicea zuwa Nicea.

Siege na Antalya shi ne nasarar da Turkiyya ta kame birnin Attalia (a yau Antalya, Turkiyya), tashar jiragen ruwa a kudu maso yammacin Asiya Ƙarama.Kame tashar jiragen ruwa ya baiwa Turkawa wata hanya ta shiga tekun Mediterrenean ko da yake za a kwashe shekaru 100 kafin Turkawa su yi wani gagarumin yunkurin shiga cikin tekun.Tashar jiragen ruwa ta kasance ƙarƙashin ikon wani ɗan ƙasar Tuscan mai suna Aldobrandini, wanda ya kasance yana hidimar Daular Rumawa, amma ana zargin ƴan kasuwana Masar da ke wannan tashar.Mazaunan sun yi kira ga mai mulkin Cyprus, Gautier de Montbeliard, wanda ya mamaye garin amma ya kasa hana Turkawa Seljuk daga lalata da ke kusa da karkarar.Sultan Kaykhusraw I ya mamaye garin a watan Maris na shekara ta 1207, kuma ya nada Laftanarsa Mubariz al-Din Ertokush ibn 'Abd Allah a matsayin gwamna.

Yaƙin Messinopolis ya faru ne a ranar 4 ga Satumba 1207, a Mosynopolis kusa da garin Komotini a ƙasar Girka ta zamani, kuma an gwabza tsakanin Bulgarian da daular Latin.Ya haifar da nasarar Bulgaria.Yayin da sojojin Sarkin Bulgeriya Kaloyan ke yiwa Odrin kawanya, Boniface na Montferrat, Sarkin Tasalonika, ya kaddamar da hare-hare zuwa Bulgaria daga Serres.Sojojin dawakin nasa sun isa Messinopolis a farmakin kwanaki 5 a gabashin Serres amma a yankin tsaunuka da ke kusa da garin an kai wa sojojinsa hari da wata babbar runduna wadda ta kunshi 'yan kasar Bulgaria.An fara yakin ne a cikin masu tsaron baya na Latin kuma Boniface ya yi nasarar fatattakar 'yan Bulgaria, amma yayin da yake binsu ya kashe shi da kibiya, kuma nan da nan aka fatattaki 'yan Salibiyya.An aika shugabansa zuwa Kaloyan, wanda nan da nan ya shirya yakin da Boniface babban birnin Tasalonika.Abin farin ciki ga Daular Latin, Kaloyan ya mutu a lokacin da aka kewaye Tasalonika a watan Oktoba 1207 kuma sabon Sarkin sarakuna Boril wanda ya kasance mai cin zarafi yana buƙatar lokaci don tilasta ikonsa.

A cikin mulkin Kaloyan, sarakunan Girka na gabas Thrace sun tashi a kan Daular Bulgaria , suna neman taimako daga Daular Latin;wannan tawaye za ta ci gaba da yi wa sabon Sarkin Bulgeriya Boril, wanda ya ci gaba da yakin magabacinsa Kaloyan da Daular Latin ta mamaye Gabashin Thrace.A lokacin tafiyarsa, ya kwace sassan yankin Alexius Slav kafin ya tsaya a Stara Zagora.Sarkin Latin Henry Henry ya tara sojoji a Selymbria ya nufi Adrianople.An yi yakin Beroia a watan Yunin 1208 a kusa da birnin Stara Zagora na Bulgaria tsakanin Bulgarian da daular Latin.Ya haifar da nasarar Bulgaria.ya ci gaba da ja da baya har tsawon kwanaki goma sha biyu, inda 'yan Bulgaria suka bi sahu tare da musgunawa abokan adawar su inda suka yi ta yin barna musamman ga masu tsaron baya na Latin wanda manyan dakarun 'yan Salibiyya suka ceto sau da dama daga rugujewarsu.Duk da haka, a kusa da Plovdiv 'yan Salibiyya a karshe sun yarda da yakin kuma an ci Bulgarians.

Boril na Bulgaria ya mamaye Thrace.Henry ya kulla kawance da dan uwan ​​​​Boril mai tawaye, Alexius Slav.Latins sun yi wa Bulgeriya mummunar kaye a Philippopolis tare da kama garin.Alexius Slav ya rantse ga Henry ta hanyar al'adun gargajiya na Byzantine na proskynesis (wanda ya shafi sumba a ƙafafun Henry da hannunsa).

Alexios III ya gudu daga Konstantinoful a kan tunkarar 'yan Salibiyya a shekara ta 1203, amma bai yi watsi da hakkinsa na karaga ba, kuma ya kuduri aniyar kwato shi.Kaykhusraw, da yake samun goyon bayan dalilin Alexios cikakkiyar hujja don kai hari ga yankin Nicaea, ya aika da manzo zuwa Theodore a Nicaea, yana kiransa ya bar yankinsa ga halaltaccen sarki.Theodore ya ki amsa bukatar sarkin, sarkin ya tattara sojojinsa suka mamaye yankin Laskaris.A yakin Antakiya a kan Meander, Sarkin Seljuk ya nemi Laskaris, wanda sojojin Turkiyya da suka kai hari suka matsa masa da karfi.Kaykhusraw ya caje maƙiyinsa, ya yi masa bulala mai tsanani a kai da sanda, har sarkin Nicaea, ya ruɗe, ya faɗo daga kan dokinsa.Kaykhusraw ya riga ya ba da umarnin a tafi da Laskaris, lokacin da na baya ya dawo hayyacinsa ya kawo Kaykhusraw ta hanyar yin kutse a kafafun baya na dutsen.Sultan ma ya fadi kasa aka sare kai.An dafe kansa da mashinan sanda aka daga sama domin sojojinsa su gani, lamarin da ya sa Turkawa suka firgita suka ja da baya.Ta haka Laskaris ya kwaci nasara daga mumunar shan kaye, duk da cewa sojojinsa sun yi nisa da halaka a cikin haka.Yaƙin ya kawo ƙarshen barazanar Seljuk: Ɗan Kaykhusraw kuma magajinsa, Kaykaus I, ya kammala sulhu da Nicaea a ranar 14 ga Yuni 1211, kuma iyakar da ke tsakanin jihohin biyu ba za ta kasance ba a ƙalubalanci har zuwa 1260s.An kuma kama tsohon sarki Alexios III, surukin Laskaris a lokacin yakin.Laskaris ya yi masa kyau amma ya tube masa alamar mulkinsa ya kai shi gidan sufi na Hyakinthos a Nicaea, inda ya ƙare kwanakinsa.

Yin amfani da asarar da sojojin Nicaean suka sha a kan Seljuks a yakin Antakiya a kan Meander, Henry ya sauka tare da sojojinsa a Pegai kuma ya yi tafiya zuwa gabas zuwa kogin Rhyndacus.Wataƙila Henry yana da maƙiyan Faransa 260.Laskaris yana da ƙarfi sosai gabaɗaya, amma kaɗan ne kawai na sojojin hayar Faransa na kansa, saboda sun sha wahala musamman akan Seljuks.Laskaris ya shirya kwanton bauna a Rhyndacus, amma Henry ya kai hari ga mukamansa kuma ya warwatsa sojojin Nicaea a cikin yakin kwana na 15 ga Oktoba.Nasarar Latin, wanda aka bayar da rahoton cewa ya yi nasara ba tare da an kashe shi ba, yana murkushewa: bayan yakin Henry ya yi tafiya ba tare da hamayya ba ta ƙasashen Nicaean, ya isa kudu har zuwa Nymphaion.Yaƙi ya ƙare bayan haka, kuma bangarorin biyu sun kulla yarjejeniyar Nymphaeum, wadda ta ba daular Latin ikon mallakar mafi yawan Mysia har zuwa ƙauyen Kalamos (Gelenbe na zamani), wanda zai kasance ba tare da kowa ba kuma ya nuna iyaka tsakanin jihohin biyu.

Yarjejeniyar Nymphaeum yarjejeniya ce ta zaman lafiya da aka sanya hannu a cikin Disamba 1214 tsakanin Daular Nicaean, jihar da ta gaje Daular Byzantine, da Daular Latin.Duk da cewa bangarorin biyu za su ci gaba da fafatawa har tsawon shekaru masu zuwa, amma akwai wasu muhimman sakamakon da wannan yarjejeniyar ta zaman lafiya ta haifar.Da farko dai, yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya ta amince da bangarorin biyu yadda ya kamata, domin babu wanda ya isa ya hallaka daya.Sakamako na biyu na yarjejeniyar shine David Komnenos, wanda ya kasance ma'aikacin Henry kuma wanda ya yi yaƙin kansa da Nicaea tare da goyon bayan daular Latin, yanzu ya rasa wannan tallafin yadda ya kamata.Ta haka Theodore ya sami damar haɗa dukan ƙasashen Dauda a yammacin Sinope a ƙarshen 1214, ya sami damar shiga Bahar Maliya.Sakamako na uku shi ne cewa yanzu Theodore ya sami yancin kai yaƙi da Seljuqs ba tare da shagaltuwa na Latins a halin yanzu ba.Nicaea ta sami damar ƙarfafa iyakarsu ta gabas har tsawon ƙarni.Haƙiƙa ya sake barkewa a cikin 1224, kuma nasarar Nicaean mai muni a Yaƙin Poemanenum na biyu ya rage yankunan Latin a Asiya yadda ya kamata kawai zuwa yankin Nicomedian.Wannan yarjejeniya ta ba wa Nicaewa damar ci gaba da kai hare-hare a Turai shekaru bayan haka, wanda ya ƙare a sake mamaye Constantinople a shekara ta 1261.

An yi yakin Poimanenon ko Poemanenum a farkon shekara ta 1224 (ko watakila ƙarshen 1223) tsakanin dakarun manyan jihohin biyu na Daular Byzantine;Daular Latin da Daular Bizantine ta Girka ta Nicaea.Sojojin da ke adawa da juna sun hadu a Poimanenon, kudu da Cyzicus a Mysia, kusa da tafkin Kuş.Da yake taƙaita mahimmancin wannan yaƙi, masanin tarihi na Bizantine na ƙarni na 13 George Akropolites ya rubuta cewa "Tun daga lokacin (wannan yaƙin), yanayin Italiyanci [daular Latin] ... ya fara raguwa".Labarin game da shan kashi a Poimanenon ya haifar da firgita a cikin sojojin daular Latin da ke kewaye da Serres daga Despotate na Epirus, wanda ya ja da baya a cikin hargitsi a cikin hanyar Constantinople kuma saboda haka sojojin Epirote, Theodore Komnenos Doukas suka ci nasara da nasara.Wannan nasara ta bude hanya don dawo da mafi yawan kayan mallakar Latin a Asiya.Duk da barazanar Nicaea na Asiya da Epirus a Turai, Sarkin Latin ya kai karar zaman lafiya, wanda aka kammala a cikin 1225. Bisa ga sharuddan, Latins sun watsar da duk abin da suke da shi na Asiya, sai dai gabas na Bosporus da birnin Nicomedia. yankin da ke kewaye.

Bayan mutuwar Sarkin Latin Robert na Courtenay a 1228, Ivan Asen II an dauke shi mafi yiwuwar zabi ga mai mulkin Baldwin II.Theodore ya yi tunanin cewa Bulgaria ce kawai cikas da ya rage a kan hanyarsa ta zuwa Constantinople kuma a farkon Maris 1230 ya mamaye kasar, ya karya yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya kuma ba tare da sanarwar yaki ba.Yaƙin Klokotnitsa ya faru ne a ranar 9 ga Maris 1230 kusa da ƙauyen Klokotnitsa tsakanin Daular Bulgaria ta biyu da Daular Tasalonika.Sakamakon haka, Bulgaria ta sake fitowa a matsayin kasa mafi karfi a Kudu maso Gabashin Turai.Duk da haka, ba da daɗewa ba za a yi hamayya da ikon Bulgaria kuma daular Nicaea mai tasowa ta zarce ta.An kawar da barazanar Epirote ga Daular Latin.Tasalonika kanta ta zama ɗan ƙasar Bulgaria a ƙarƙashin ɗan'uwan Theodore Manuel.

Siage na Constantinople (1235) ya kasance haɗin gwiwa na Bulgarian da Nicaean a kan babban birnin daular Latin.Sarkin Latin John na Brienne ya kewaye shi da Sarkin Nicaean John III Doukas Vatatzes da Tsar Ivan Asen II na Bulgaria.Sifen bai yi nasara ba.

Mamayewar Mongol na yankin Anatoliya ya faru ne a lokuta daban-daban, tun daga yakin 1241-1243 wanda ya kai ga yakin Köse Dağ.Mongols sun yi amfani da iko na gaske akan Anatolia bayan Seljuks sun mika wuya a 1243 har zuwa faduwar Ilkhanate a 1335. Ko da yake John III ya damu cewa za su iya kai masa hari na gaba, sun ƙare har sun kawar da barazanar Seljuk ga Nicaea.John III ya shirya don barazanar Mongol mai zuwa.Koyaya, ya aika wakilai zuwa Qaghans Güyük da Möngke amma yana wasa na ɗan lokaci.Daular Mongol ba ta haifar da wata illa ga shirinsa na kwato Constantinoful daga hannun 'yan kabilar Latin wadanda su ma suka aike da wakilinsu zuwa Mongoliyawa ba.

A lokacin da Mongol suka mamaye Turai, Tumen Mongol karkashin jagorancin Batu Khan da Kadan sun mamaye Serbia sannan Bulgaria a cikin bazara na shekara ta 1242 bayan sun ci Hungariya a yakin Mohi tare da lalata yankunan Hungarian na Croatia, Dalmatiya da Bosnia.Da farko, sojojin Kadan sun matsa kudu tare da Tekun Adriatic zuwa yankin Sabiya.Daga nan kuma ta juya gabas, ta tsallaka tsakiyar kasar - tana ta washe-washe tana tafiya - ta shiga Bulgaria, inda aka hada ta da sauran sojojin da ke karkashin Batu.Yaƙin neman zaɓe a Bulgeriya mai yiwuwa ya faru ne musamman a arewa, inda ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi ya ba da shaidar halaka daga wannan lokacin.Mongols sun yi, duk da haka, sun tsallaka Bulgaria don kai farmaki kan Daular Latin zuwa kudancinta kafin su janye gaba daya.An tilasta Bulgaria ta ba da kyauta ga Mongols, kuma hakan ya ci gaba daga baya.

A lokacin rani na 1242, sojojin Mongol sun mamaye Daular Latin na Konstantinoful.Wannan runduna, wani rukuni na sojojin da ke karkashin Qadan sannan suka lalata Bulgaria , sun shiga daular daga arewa.Sarkin Baldwin II ya sadu da shi, wanda ya yi nasara a karon farko amma aka ci nasara.Wataƙila ganawar ta faru a Thrace, amma kaɗan ba za a iya faɗi game da su ba saboda ƙarancin tushe.Alakar da ta biyo baya tsakanin Baldwin da Mongol khans wasu sun ɗauki matsayin shaida cewa an kama Baldwin kuma an tilasta masa yin biyayya ga Mongols da kuma ba da haraji.Tare da babban mamayar Mongol na Anatolia a shekara ta 1243, shan kashi na Mongol na Baldwin ya haifar da canjin iko a duniyar Aegean.

A cikin 1246, John III Vatatzes ya kai hari Bulgaria kuma ya dawo da mafi yawan Thrace da Makidoniya, kuma ya ci gaba da haɗa Tasalonika a cikin mulkinsa.A shekara ta 1248, John ya ci Bulgarians kuma ya kewaye daular Latin.Ya ci gaba da karɓar ƙasa daga Latins har zuwa mutuwarsa a shekara ta 1254. A shekara ta 1247, mutanen Nicaean sun kewaye Constantinople sosai, tare da ganuwar birnin kawai suka riƙe su.

Genoese sun mallaki birni da tsibirin, dogara ga Daular Nicaea, a wani harin ba-zata a cikin 1248, kuma suka riƙe shi, tare da taimako daga Masarautar Achaea.John III Doukas Vatatzes ya sake kama Rhodes a ƙarshen 1249 ko farkon 1250 kuma ya zama cikakke cikin Daular Nicaea.

Bayan 'yan kwanaki bayan mutuwar sarki Theodore Laskaris a shekara ta 1258, Michael Palaiologos ya tayar da juyin mulki a kan wani babban jami'in gwamnati George Mouzalon, inda ya kwace ikon mallakar Sarki John IV Doukas Laskaris mai shekaru takwas.An saka hannun jarin Michael tare da taken megas doux da, a ranar 13 ga Nuwamba 1258, na despotēs.A ranar 1 ga Janairun 1259 an yi shelar Michael VIII Palaiologos a matsayin babban sarki (basileus), mai yiwuwa ba tare da John IV ba, a Nymphaion.

Yaƙin Pelagonia ko Yaƙin Kastoria ya faru ne a farkon lokacin rani ko kaka na 1259, tsakanin Daular Nicaea da ƙawance na anti-Nicaean wanda ya ƙunshi Despotate of Epirus, Sicily and the Principality of Achaea.Wannan lamari ne mai mahimmanci a tarihin Gabashin Bahar Rum, yana tabbatar da sake mamaye Constantinople da ƙarshen daular Latin a 1261.Ƙarfin ƙarfin Nicaea a kudancin Balkans, da kuma burin mai mulkinta, Michael VIII Palaiologos, na dawo da Konstantinoful, ya jagoranci kafa haɗin gwiwa tsakanin Epirote Greeks, karkashin Michael II Komnenos Doukas, da kuma manyan sarakunan Latin na lokacin. , Yariman Achaea, William na Villehardouin, da Manfred na Sicily.An yi ta cece-ku-ce kan cikakkun bayanai na yakin, gami da takamaiman kwanan watan da wurin da aka yi, kamar yadda majiyoyin farko suka ba da bayanai masu karo da juna;Malaman zamani kan sanya shi ko dai a watan Yuli ko a watan Satumba, wani wuri a cikin filin Pelagonia ko kusa da Kastoria.Ya bayyana da kyar da aka boye fafatawa tsakanin Epirote Greeks da abokansu na Latin sun zo kan gaba a kan gaba wajen yakin, mai yiyuwa wakilan Palaiologos ne suka kitsawa.A sakamakon haka, Epirotes sun watsar da Latins a jajibirin yaƙin, yayin da ɗan Bastard Michael II John Doukas ya koma sansanin Nicaean.Daga nan sai mutanen Nicae suka kafa Latins kuma suka fatattake su, yayin da aka kama manyan mutane, ciki har da Villehardouin.Yaƙin ya kawar da cikas na ƙarshe ga sake mamaye Nicaean na Konstantinoful a 1261 da sake kafa daular Byzantine a ƙarƙashin daular Palaiologos .Har ila yau, ya kai ga gajeren cin nasara na Epirus da Thessaly da sojojin Nicaean suka yi, ko da yake Mika'ilu II da 'ya'yansa maza sun yi nasarar sauya waɗannan nasarorin.A shekara ta 1262, an sake William na Villehardouin don musanyawa da kagara guda uku a kudu maso gabashin yankin Morea.

A shekara ta 1260, Michael ya fara kai hari kan Constantinople kanta, wanda magabatansa suka kasa yi.Ya yi kawance da Genoa , da Janar Alexios Strategopoulos sun shafe watanni suna lura da Konstantinoful don shirya harinsa.A cikin Yuli 1261, yayin da yawancin sojojin Latin ke yaƙi a wasu wurare, Alexius ya sami damar shawo kan masu gadi don buɗe ƙofofin birnin.Da zarar ya shiga sai ya ƙone kwata na Venetian (kamar yadda Venice ta kasance maƙiyin Genoa, kuma ta kasance mafi girman alhakin kama birnin a 1204).An amince da Mika'ilu a matsayin sarki 'yan makonni bayan haka, ya maido da Daular Rumawa a karkashin daular Palaiologos , bayan tsawon shekaru 57 inda birnin ya kasance babban birnin Daular Latin da Crusade na hudu ya kafa a 1204. Ba da daɗewa ba aka sake kwace Achaea, amma Trebizond da Epirus sun kasance masu zaman kansu jihohin Girka na Byzantine.Daular da aka maido ta kuma fuskanci wata sabuwar barazana daga Daular Usmaniyya , lokacin da suka taso don maye gurbin Seljuks .