Daular Byzantine: Daular Justinian

Daular Justinian ta fara ne da hawan mai suna Justin I zuwa ga karagar mulki.An haifi Justin I a wani ƙaramin ƙauye, Bederiana, a cikin 450s CE.Kamar yawancin matasan ƙasar, ya tafi Konstantinoful kuma ya shiga aikin soja, inda, saboda iyawarsa, ya zama wani ɓangare na Excubitors, masu gadin fada.Ya yi yakin Isauria da Farisa , kuma ya kai matsayin kwamandan Excubitors, wanda wani matsayi ne mai matukar tasiri.A wannan lokacin kuma ya samu mukamin Sanata.Bayan mutuwar Sarkin sarakuna Anastasius, wanda bai bar magada ba, an yi ta cece-kuce game da wanda zai zama sarki.Don yanke shawarar wanda zai hau kan karagar mulki, an kira babban taro a cikin hippodrome.Majalisar dattijai ta Byzantine kuwa, ta hallara a babban dakin taro na fadar.Kamar yadda majalisar dattijai ke son gujewa shiga waje da yin tasiri, an matsa musu da sauri su zabi dan takara;duk da haka, sun kasa yarda.An zabi 'yan takara da dama, amma an ki amincewa da su saboda wasu dalilai.Bayan muhawara mai yawa, majalisar dattijai ta zabi Justin;kuma Sarkin Konstantinoful John na Kapadokiya ya nada shi sarauta a ranar 10 ga Yuli.

Mulkin Justin I yana da mahimmanci ga kafuwar daular Justinian wanda ya hada da fitaccen dan uwansa Justinian I da sarakuna uku da suka gaje shi.Abokin aurensa shine Empress Euphemia.An lura da shi don ra'ayinsa na Kirista na Orthodox mai ƙarfi.Wannan ya sauƙaƙe ƙarshen ɓangarorin Acacian tsakanin majami'u na Roma da Konstantinoful, wanda ya haifar da kyakkyawar dangantaka tsakanin Justin da Paparoma.A tsawon mulkinsa ya nanata yanayin addini na ofishinsa tare da zartar da hukunce-hukunce a kan kungiyoyin Kirista daban-daban da ake gani a lokacin ba na Orthodox ba.A harkokin waje ya yi amfani da addini a matsayin kayan aikin gwamnati.Ya yi ƙoƙari ya noma jihohin abokan ciniki a kan iyakokin Masarautar, kuma ya guje wa duk wani gagarumin yaki har zuwa ƙarshen mulkinsa.

Ba kamar yawancin sarakunan da ke gabansa ba, waɗanda suke Monophysite, Justin ya kasance Kirista na Orthodox mai ibada.Monophysites da Orthodox sun yi karo da juna akan dabi'u biyu na Kristi.Sarakunan da suka gabata sun goyi bayan matsayin Monophysites, wanda ke cikin rikici kai tsaye da koyarwar Orthodox na Papacy, kuma wannan rikici ya haifar da Acacian Schism.Justin, a matsayin ɗan Otodoks, da sabon uba, Yohanna na Kapadokiya, nan da nan suka fara gyara dangantaka da Roma.Bayan tattaunawa mai zurfi, Schism na Acacian ya ƙare a ƙarshen Maris, 519.

Lazica ta kasance jiha ce ta kan iyaka ta Daular Byzantine da Daular Sassanid ;Kirista ne, amma a cikin yankin Sassanid.Sarki ne, Tzath, yana so ya rage tasirin Sassanid.A cikin 521 ko 522, ya tafi Konstantinoful don karɓar alamar sarauta da riguna na sarauta daga hannun Justin kuma ya yi biyayya.Ya kuma yi baftisma a matsayin Kirista kuma ya auri wata ’yar sarauta ta Bizantine, Valeriana.Bayan da Sarkin Rumawa ya tabbatar da shi a cikin mulkinsa, ya koma Lazica.Jim kadan bayan mutuwar Justin, Sassanids sun yi ƙoƙari su sake samun iko da karfi, amma an doke su tare da taimakon magajin Justin.

Wataƙila Kaleb I na Aksum ya sami kwarin guiwar Justin don ƙara girman daularsa.Wani marubucin tarihin zamani John Malalas ya ruwaito cewa Sarkin Yahudawan da ke masarautar Himyar ta Kudu Larabawa ya yi wa ’yan kasuwar Rumawa fashi tare da kashe su, wanda hakan ya sa Kaleb ya yi da’awar cewa, “Kun yi mummunan aiki saboda kun kashe ’yan kasuwan Kiristocin Romawa, wanda hakan hasara ce duka biyu. ni kaina da mulkina."Himyar wata ƙasa ce ta abokin ciniki ta Farisawa Sassaniya, abokan gaba na Rumawa.Kaleb ya mamaye Himyar, yana shan alwashin komawa Kiristanci idan ya yi nasara, wanda ya kasance a cikin 523. Justin ya ga abin da yake yanzu Yemen ya wuce daga Sassanian iko zuwa na ƙawancen ƙasa da Kirista .

Girgizar ƙasa ta halaka Antakiya tare da kiyasin mutuwar mutane 250,000.Justin ya shirya don aika isassun kuɗi zuwa birnin don samun agaji cikin gaggawa da kuma fara sake ginawa.

An yi yakin Iberian daga 526 zuwa 532 tsakanin Daular Rumawa da Daular Sasaniya a kan masarautar Gabashin Jojiya ta Iberia - jihar abokin ciniki ta Sasaniya wacce ta koma Rumawa.Rikici ya barke tsakanin tashe-tashen hankula kan haraji da cinikin kayan yaji.Sasaniyawa sun ci gaba da zama na sama har zuwa 530 amma Rumawa sun dawo da matsayinsu a yaƙe-yaƙe a Dara da Satala yayin da abokansu na Ghassanid suka fatattaki Lakhmids masu alaƙa da Sasaniya.

Mulkin Justinian yana da alamar "mayar da Daular".An bayyana wannan buri ta hanyar dawo da wani yanki na rusasshiyar Daular Rum ta Yamma.Janar nasa, Belisarius, ya ci sarautar Vandal da sauri a Arewacin Afirka.Bayan haka, Belisarius, Narses, da sauran janar-janar sun mamaye daular Ostrogothic, inda suka maido da Dalmatiya, Sicily, Italiya, da Roma zuwa daular bayan fiye da rabin karni na mulkin Ostrogoths.Shugaban Praetorian Liberius ya kwato kudancin tsibirin Iberian, inda ya kafa lardin Sipaniya.Waɗannan yaƙin neman zaɓe sun sake kafa ikon Roman akan yammacin Bahar Rum, yana ƙara yawan kudaden shiga na shekara-shekara na Daular da sama da miliyan ɗaya.A lokacin mulkinsa, Justinian ya kuma mallaki Tzani, mutanen da ke gabashin bakin tekun Black Sea da ba su taɓa kasancewa ƙarƙashin mulkin Romawa ba.Ya shiga daular Sasania a gabas a zamanin Kavad I, sannan kuma a lokacin Khosrow na I;wannan rikici na biyu an fara shi ne a wani bangare saboda burinsa na yamma.Wani abin da ya fi dacewa a cikin gadonsa shine sake rubutawa rigar dokar Romawa, Corpus Juris Civilis, wanda har yanzu shine tushen dokar farar hula a yawancin jihohin zamani.Har ila yau, mulkinsa ya nuna bunƙasar al'adun Rumawa, kuma shirin gininsa ya samar da ayyuka irin su Hagia Sophia.Ana kiransa "Saint Justinian the Emperor" a cikin Cocin Orthodox na Gabas.Saboda ayyukansa na maidowa, Justinian wani lokaci ana kiransa "Romawa na ƙarshe" a tsakiyar tarihin karni na 20.

Ba da daɗewa ba bayan Justinian ya zama sarki a 527, ya yanke shawarar tsarin shari'ar daular yana buƙatar gyara.Akwai ka'idoji guda uku na dokokin sarauta da wasu dokoki na ɗaiɗaikun mutane, waɗanda yawancinsu sun yi karo da juna ko kuma sun shuɗe.A cikin Fabrairu 528, Justinian ya ƙirƙiri kwamiti na mutum goma don sake duba waɗannan abubuwan da aka tattara a baya da kuma dokokin mutum ɗaya, kawar da duk abin da ba dole ba ko wanda ba shi da amfani, yin canje-canje kamar yadda ya ga dama, da ƙirƙirar ƙa'idodin doka guda ɗaya.Codex ya ƙunshi littattafai goma sha biyu: littafi na 1 ya shafi dokokin majami'a, tushen shari'a, da ayyukan manyan ofisoshi;Littattafai na 2-8 sun rufe dokar sirri;littafi na 9 yayi magana akan laifuka;kuma littattafai na 10-12 sun ƙunshi dokar gudanarwa.Tsarin Code ɗin ya dogara ne akan tsoffin rarrabuwa da aka tsara a cikin edictum perpetuum (hukuncin dindindin), kamar na Digest.

A cikin 529, shawarwarin da magajin Justin ya yi nasara ya haifar da balaguron Sassani na mutane 40,000 zuwa Dara.A shekara ta gaba, Belisarius ya koma yankin tare da Hermogenes da sojoji;Kavadh ya amsa da wasu sojoji 10,000 karkashin Janar Perozes, wadanda suka kafa sansani mai nisan kilomita biyar daga Ammodius.A kusa da garin Dara.

Yaƙin Callinicum ya faru ne a ranar Ista Asabar, 19 ga Afrilu, 531 CE, tsakanin sojojin Daular Rumawa a ƙarƙashin Belisarius da sojojin dawakai na Sasaniya a ƙarƙashin Azaretes.Bayan da aka sha kashi a yakin Dara, Sasaniyawa sun matsawa kasar Siriya mamayewa a kokarinsu na juya akalar yakin.Amsar da Belisarius ya yi cikin sauri ya hana shirin, kuma sojojinsa sun tura Farisa zuwa bakin Sham ta hanyar yin amfani da su kafin su yi yaƙin da Sasaniyawa suka tabbatar da cewa su ne masu cin nasara.

Daulolin daular Rumawa da ta Rumawa suna da ƙungiyoyi masu tasowa, waɗanda aka fi sani da demes, waɗanda ke tallafawa ƙungiyoyi daban-daban (ko ƙungiyoyi) waɗanda masu fafatawa a wasu wasannin motsa jiki suke, musamman a tseren keken keke.Da farko dai akwai manyan kungiyoyi guda hudu a tseren keken keke, wanda aka bambanta da kalar rigar da suka fafata a cikinta;launukan kuma magoya bayansu ne suka sanya.Demes ya zama abin mayar da hankali ga al'amurran zamantakewa da siyasa daban-daban waɗanda yawancin mutanen Byzantine ba su da sauran hanyoyin fita.Sun haɗu da ɓangarori na ƙungiyoyin tituna da jam'iyyun siyasa, suna ɗaukar matsayi a kan al'amuran yau da kullum, ciki har da matsalolin tauhidi da masu da'awar sarauta.A cikin 531 an kama wasu mambobi na Blues da Greens da laifin kisan kai dangane da mutuwar mutane yayin tarzoma bayan tseren karusa.Za a kashe masu kisan gilla, kuma akasarinsu.A ranar 13 ga Janairu, 532, jama'a masu fushi sun isa Hippodrome don tseren.Hippodrome yana kusa da ginin fadar, don haka Justinian zai iya jagorantar tseren daga lafiyar akwatinsa a cikin fadar.Tun daga farko jama'a sun yi ta zagin Justinian.A ƙarshen ranar, a tseren 22, waƙoƙin bangaranci sun canza daga "Blue" ko "Green" zuwa Nίκα ("Nika", ma'ana "Nasara!", "Nasara!" ko "Nasara!"), Jama'a suka barke suka fara afkawa fadar.Kwanaki biyar masu zuwa, an kewaye fadar.Gobara ta tashi a lokacin hayaniyar ta lalata yawancin birnin, gami da babban cocin birnin, Hagia Sophia (wanda Justinian zai sake ginawa daga baya).Ana kallon tarzomar Nika a matsayin tarzoma mafi muni a tarihin birnin, inda aka kona ko hallaka kusan rabin birnin Constantinople tare da kashe dubunnan mutane.

Yaƙin Vandal wani rikici ne da aka yi yaƙi a Arewacin Afirka (mafi yawa a Tunisiya ta zamani) tsakanin sojojin Byzantine, ko Roman Gabas, daular da Vandalic Kingdom of Carthage, a cikin 533-534 CE.Shi ne farkon yaƙe-yaƙe na Justinian I na sake mamaye daular Roma ta Yamma.Vandals sun mamaye Roman Arewacin Afirka a farkon karni na 5, kuma sun kafa daula mai cin gashin kanta a can.A ƙarƙashin sarkinsu na farko, Geiseric, ƙaƙƙarfan sojojin ruwa na Vandal sun kai hare-haren 'yan fashi a tekun Bahar Rum, sun kori Roma kuma sun yi nasara a kan babban mamayar Romawa a shekara ta 468. Bayan mutuwar Geiseric, dangantaka da daular Roma ta Gabas ta zama daidai, ko da yake tashin hankali yana tashi lokaci-lokaci saboda Riko da tsagerun Vandals ga Arianism da kuma tsananta musu ga al'ummar Nicene.A cikin 530, wani juyin mulkin fada a Carthage ya kifar da Hilderic mai goyon bayan Roman kuma ya maye gurbinsa da dan uwansa Gelimer.Sarkin Roma na Gabas Justinian ya ɗauki wannan a matsayin hujja don tsoma baki cikin al'amuran Vandal, kuma bayan da ya tabbatar da iyakarsa ta gabas tare da Sassanid Farisa a shekara ta 532, ya fara shirya wani balaguro karkashin Janar Belisarius, wanda sakatarensa Procopius ya rubuta babban labarin tarihin yakin.

Yakin Tricamarum ya faru ne a ranar 15 ga Disamba, 533 tsakanin sojojin daular Rumawa, karkashin Belisarius, da kuma mulkin Vandal, wanda Sarki Gelimer ya ba da umarni, da ɗan'uwansa Tzazon.Ya biyo bayan nasarar Byzantine a yakin Ad Decimum, kuma ya kawar da ikon Vandals don kyau, ya kammala "Reconquest" na Arewacin Afirka a karkashin Sarkin Byzantine Justinian I. Babban tushen zamani na yakin shine Procopius, De Bello Vandalico. , wanda ya ƙunshi Littattafai na III da na IV na Yaƙin Justinian.

Yakin Gothic tsakanin Daular Gabas ta Roman (Byzantine) a zamanin Sarkin sarakuna Justinian I daDaular Ostrogothic ta Italiya ya faru ne daga 535 har zuwa 554 a yankin Italiya, Dalmatiya, Sardinia, Sicily da Corsica.Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin yaƙe-yaƙe na Gothic da yawa tare da Daular Rum.Yakin ya samo asali ne daga burin Sarkin Roma na Gabas Justinian na daya kwato lardunan tsohuwar Daular Rumawa ta Yamma, wadanda Rumawa suka yi hasarar kabilanci na mamaya a karnin da ya gabata (Lokacin Hijira).Yakin ya biyo bayan kwato yankin Gabashin Romawa na lardin Afirka daga hannun Vandals.Masana tarihi sukan kasu yakin gida biyu:Daga 535 zuwa 540: yana ƙarewa tare da faduwar babban birnin Ostrogothic Ravenna da kuma sake mamaye Italiya ta hanyar Byzantines.Daga 540/541 zuwa 553: Tarurrukan Gothic karkashin Totila, bayan dogon gwagwarmayar Narses na Byzantine, wanda kuma ya kori wani mamaye a 554 da Franks da Alamanni suka yi.

Yaƙin Kogin Bagradas ko Yaƙin Membresa wani yaƙi ne a shekara ta 536 AZ tsakanin sojojin Rumawa a ƙarƙashin Belisarius da dakarun 'yan tawaye a ƙarƙashin Stotzas.Stotzas ya kewaye Carthage (babban birnin lardin Afirka) ba da daɗewa ba tare da dakarun 'yan tawaye 8,000, sojojin Vandal 1,000 (400 sun tsere bayan an kama su kuma suka koma Afirka yayin da sauran ke ci gaba da adawa da Rumawa a Afirka), da kuma bayi da yawa. .Belisarius yana da mazaje 2,000 ne kawai a ƙarƙashin ikonsa.Da isowar Belisarius ’yan tawayen sun ɗage kewayen.Kafin yakin ya fara Stotzas ya so ya mayar da sojojinsa don haka iska mai karfi ba za ta taimaka wa Rumawa a fada ba.Stotzas ya yi watsi da motsa kowane sojoji don rufe wannan motsi.Belisarius, ganin cewa yawancin dakarun 'yan tawayen ba su da tsari kuma sun fallasa, ya yanke shawarar gurfanar da 'yan tawayen, wanda kusan nan da nan suka gudu a cikin rikici.Rikicin 'yan tawaye ya yi kadan yayin da sojojin Byzantine suka yi kadan don su fatattaki 'yan tawayen da ke tserewa cikin aminci.Maimakon haka Belisarius ya ƙyale mutanensa su washe sansanin ’yan tawayen da aka yasar.

Siege na farko na Roma a lokacin Yaƙin Gothic ya ɗauki tsawon shekara guda da kwanaki tara, daga 2 Maris 537 zuwa 12 Maris 538. Sojojin Ostrogothic a ƙarƙashin Sarkinsu Vitiges sun kewaye birnin;Belisarius, ɗaya daga cikin manyan hafsoshin Romawa da suka yi nasara, ya umarci Romawa Gabas masu karewa.Hare-haren dai shi ne karo na farko da aka gwabza tsakanin dakarun abokan hamayyar biyu, kuma ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen ci gaban yakin.

Bayan bala'i a Mediolanum, an tuna da Narses kuma Belisarius ya tabbatar da shi a matsayin babban kwamanda mai iko a cikinItaliya .Belisarius ya yanke shawarar kammala yakin ta hanyar daukar Ravenna amma ya fara tuntuɓar wuraren Gothic na Auximum da Faesulae (Fiesole).Bayan an kama su duka, sojojin Dalmatiya sun ƙarfafa Belisarius kuma ya yi yaƙi da Ravenna.Ƙungiyoyin sun koma arewacin Po kuma jiragen ruwa na sarki sun yi sintiri a Adriatic, suna yanke birnin daga kayayyaki.A cikin babban birnin Gothic, ofishin jakadanci ya zo daga Constantinople, yana ɗauke da sharuɗɗan sassaucin ban mamaki daga Justinian.Da damuwa don gama yakin da kuma mai da hankali kan yakin Farisa da ke gabatowa, Sarkin ya ba da wani yanki na Italiya, daular za ta ci gaba da riƙe ƙasashen da ke kudu da Po, waɗanda ke arewacin kogin ta Goths.Goths sun yarda da sharuddan da sauri amma Belisarius, yana ganin cewa wannan cin amana ne na duk abin da ya yi ƙoƙari ya cim ma, ya ƙi sanya hannu, ko da yake manyan sojojinsa ba su yarda da shi ba.Da baƙin ciki, Goths suka ba da Belisarius, wanda suke girmamawa, ya zama sarkin yamma.Belisarius ba shi da niyyar karɓar aikin amma ya ga yadda zai yi amfani da wannan yanayin don amfanuwa da shi kuma ya nuna yarda da shi.A watan Mayu 540 Belisarius da sojojinsa suka shiga Ravenna;ba a wawashe garin ba, yayin da Goths ke da kyau da kuma kyale dukiyoyinsu.A sakamakon mika wuya na Ravenna, wasu garrison Gothic da yawa a arewacin Por sun mika wuya.Sauran sun kasance a hannun Gothic, daga cikinsu akwai Ticinum, inda Uraias ke tushen da Verona, wanda Ildibad ke riƙe.Ba da da ewa ba, Belisarius ya tashi zuwa Konstantinoful, inda aka ƙi shi da darajar nasara.An nada Vitiges a matsayin patrician kuma an aika da shi cikin jin dadin ritaya, yayin da aka aika Goths da aka kama don ƙarfafa sojojin gabas.

Annobar Justinian ko Justinian (541-549 CE) ita ce babbar annoba ta farko ta annoba ta farko, annoba ta Tsohuwar Duniya ta farko, cuta mai yaduwa ta kwayoyin Yersinia pestis.Cutar ta addabi yankin Basin Bahar Rum, da Turai, da Gabas ta Kusa, inda ta yi mummunar illa ga daular Sasaniya da daular Rumawa musamman babban birninta, Konstantinoful.An ba da sunan annoba ga Sarkin Rumawa Justinian I (r. 527-565) wanda, a cewar masanin tarihin kotun Procopius, ya kamu da cutar kuma ya warke a 542, a lokacin da cutar ta kashe kusan kashi biyar na yawan jama'a a cikin 542. babban birni.Yaduwar ya isaMasarautar Roman a cikin 541, ya bazu a kusa da Tekun Bahar Rum har zuwa 544, kuma ya ci gaba a Arewacin Turai da Larabawa, har zuwa 549.

Tafiyar Belisarius ya bar yawancinItaliya a hannun Roman, amma arewacin Po, Ticinum da Verona sun kasance ba a ci nasara ba.A farkon kaka na 541 Totila ya yi shelar sarki.Akwai dalilai da yawa na farkon nasarar Gothic:Barkewar annoba ta Justinian ta lalata daular Romawa a cikin 542farkon sabon Yaƙin Rum– Farisa ya tilastawa Justinian tura yawancin sojojinsa a gabasda rashin iya aiki da rashin haɗin kai na manyan hafsoshin Romawa daban-daban a Italiya sun lalata aikin soja da horo.Wannan na ƙarshe ya haifar da nasarar farko na Totila.Bayan kwarjini mai yawa daga Justinian, janar-janar Constantinian da Alexander sun haɗu da sojojinsu kuma suka ci gaba a kan Verona.Ta hanyar yaudara sun sami nasarar kama wata kofa a cikin garun birnin;maimakon matsawa harin sai suka jinkirta yin jayayya game da ganimar ganimar da ake shirin yi, wanda hakan ya baiwa Goths damar sake kwace kofar tare da tilastawa Rumawa janyewa.Totila ya kai hari a sansaninsu kusa da Faventia (Faenza) da mutane 5,000 kuma, a yakin Faventia, ya lalata sojojin Roma.

Bayan nasarar da ya samu a kan Rumawa a yakin Faventia a cikin bazara na 542, Totila ya aika da wani ɓangare na sojojinsa don kai hari ga Florence.Justin, kwamandan Rumawa na Florence, ya yi watsi da samar da isasshiyar tanadin birnin don yaƙi da kewaye, kuma ya aika da gaggawa don taimako ga sauran kwamandojin Rumawa a yankin: John, Bessas da Cyprian.Sun tattara sojojinsu kuma suka zo wurin taimako na Florence.Lokacin da suke gabatowa, Goths sun tayar da kewaye suka koma arewa, zuwa yankin Mucellium (Mugello na zamani).Rumawa suka bi su, Yohanna da sojojinsa suka ja-gorance su, sauran sojojin kuma suka bi su a baya.Nan da nan, ’yan Goth suka ruga a kan mutanen Yohanna daga saman wani tudu.Da farko Rumawa sun rike, amma ba da jimawa ba aka yada jita-jita cewa Janar nasu ya fadi, sai suka watse suka gudu zuwa ga babbar rundunar Rumawa mai zuwa.Sai dai firgicinsu ya kama su, kuma duk sojojin Rumawa sun watse cikin rudani.

Siege na Naples ya kasance nasarar kewaye Naples da jagoran Ostrogothic Totila ya yi a 542-543 AZ.Bayan murkushe sojojin Rumawa a Faventia da Mucellium, Totila ya yi tattaki zuwa kudu zuwa Naples, wanda Janar Conon ya rike tare da mutane 1,000.Wani babban yunƙuri na agaji na sabon magatakarda militum Demetrius daga Sicily ya kama tare da lalata shi gaba ɗaya ta hanyar jiragen ruwa na Gothic.Ƙoƙari na biyu, kuma a ƙarƙashin Demetrius, ya ci tura lokacin da iska mai ƙarfi ta tilasta wa jiragen ruwa zuwa bakin teku, inda sojojin Gothic suka kai musu hari suka mamaye su.Sanin mummunan halin da masu tsaron birnin ke ciki, Totila ya yi wa rundunar tsaro alkawari idan sun mika wuya.Yunwa ta matsa masa kuma ya damu da gazawar ayyukan agaji, Conon ya yarda, kuma a ƙarshen Maris ko farkon Afrilu 543, Naples ta mika wuya.Totila ya kula da masu tsaron lafiyar da kyau, kuma an ba da damar sojojin Byzantine su tashi lafiya, amma ganuwar birnin sun lalace.

Bayan fiye da shekara guda Totila a ƙarshe ya shiga Roma a ranar 17 ga Disamba 546, lokacin da mutanensa suka miƙe bango da dare suka buɗe Ƙofar Asiya.Procopius ya bayyana cewa wasu sojojin Isaurian ne suka taimaka wa Totila daga sansanin sojan da suka kulla yarjejeniya ta sirri da Goths.An wawashe Roma kuma Totila, wanda ya bayyana aniyarsa ta daidaita birnin gaba ɗaya, ya gamsu da rushe kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na ganuwar.Daga nan sai ya tafi yana fatattakar sojojin Rumawa a Apulia.Belisarius ya sami nasarar sake mamaye Roma watanni hudu bayan haka a cikin bazara na 547 kuma cikin gaggawa ya sake gina sassan bangon da aka rushe ta hanyar tattara duwatsun da ba a kwance ba "ɗaya a saman ɗayan, ba tare da la'akari da tsari ba".Totila ya dawo, amma ya kasa shawo kan masu tsaron baya.Belisarius bai bi amfaninsa ba.Garuruwa da yawa, ciki har da Perugia, Goths sun karbe su, yayin da Belisarius ya kasance ba ya aiki kuma an sake kiran shi dagaItaliya .

A cikin 549, Totila ya sake ci gaba da Roma.Ya yi yunƙurin kai hari ga bangon da aka gyara kuma ya ci nasara da ƙaramin sansanin sojoji 3,000, amma an yi masa duka.Sai ya shirya ya kewaye birnin kuma ya kashe masu tsaron gida da yunwa, ko da yake kwamandan Bizantine Diogenes ya riga ya shirya manyan shagunan abinci kuma ya shuka gonakin alkama a cikin ganuwar birnin.Duk da haka, Totila ya iya haifar da wani ɓangare na garrison, wanda ya bude masa ƙofar Porta Ostiensis.Mutanen Totila sun zarce cikin gari, suka kashe duka, sai matan da aka bar su bisa umarnin Totila, suka kwashe dukiyar da ta rage.Da yake tsammanin manyan masu fada a ji da sauran dakarun za su gudu da zarar an kama bango, Totila ya kafa tarko a kan hanyoyin zuwa garuruwan da ke makwabtaka da su da ba su kasance a karkashin ikonsa ba kuma an kashe mutane da yawa yayin da suke gudu daga Roma.An kashe da yawa daga cikin mazan mazaunan a cikin birnin ko kuma yayin da suke ƙoƙarin gudu.Daga baya aka sake gina garin tare da sake gina shi.

A tsakiyar karni na 6 AZ, wasu sufaye biyu na Farisa (ko waɗanda aka kama da sufaye), tare da goyon bayan Sarkin Bizantine Justinian I, sun samu kuma suka yi safarar ƙwai na siliki zuwa cikin Daular Byzantine, wanda ya kai ga kafa masana'antar siliki ta asali ta Byzantine. .Wannan sayan tsutsotsin siliki dagaChina ya ba wa Rumawa damar mallakar siliki a Turai.

A lokacin 550-51 an tattara manyan sojojin balaguro da suka kai 20,000 ko wataƙila maza 25,000 a hankali a Salona a kan Adriatic, wanda ya ƙunshi rukunin Byzantine na yau da kullun da kuma manyan ƙawayen ƙasashen waje, musamman Lombards, Heruls, da Bulgars.An nada chamberlain na sarki (cubicularius) Narses ya zama umarni a tsakiyar 551. Narses na bazara na gaba ya jagoranci sojojin Byzantine a kusa da bakin tekun Adriatic har zuwa Ancona, sannan ya juya cikin ƙasa yana nufin tafiya ta Via Flaminia zuwa Roma.A yakin Taginae sojojin daular Byzantine karkashin Narses sun karya ikon Ostrogoths a Italiya, kuma sun share hanyar sake mamayeyankin Italiya na wucin gadi na Byzantine.

Yaƙin Mons Lactarius ya faru a cikin 552 ko 553 a lokacin Yaƙin Gothic da aka yi a madadin Justinian I akan Ostrogoths a Italiya.Bayan yakin Taginae, inda aka kashe Sarkin Ostrogoth Totila, Janar Narses na Byzantine ya kama Roma kuma ya kewaye Cumae.Teia, sabon sarkin Ostrogothic, ya tattara ragowar sojojin Ostrogothic kuma ya yi tafiya don taimakawa wajen kewaye, amma a cikin Oktoba 552 (ko farkon 553) Narses sun yi masa kwanton bauna a Mons Lactarius (Monti Lattari na zamani) a Campania, kusa da Dutsen Vesuvius da Nuceria Alfaterna. .An kwashe kwanaki biyu ana gwabzawa, kuma an kashe Teia a fadan.An kawar da ikon Ostrogothic a Italiya, kuma yawancin sauran Ostrogoths sun tafi arewa kuma (sake) sun zauna a kudancin Austria.Bayan yakin, an sake mamayeItaliya , a wannan karon na Franks, amma su ma sun ci nasara, kuma yankin ya sake komawa cikin Daular.

A cikin matakan baya na Yaƙin Gothic, Sarkin Gothic Teia ya yi kira ga Franks don taimako a kan sojojin Romawa a ƙarƙashin Narses eunuch.Ko da yake Sarki Theudebald ya ƙi aika taimako, amma ya ƙyale mutanensa biyu, shugabannin Alemanni Leutharis da Butilinus, su tsallaka zuwa Italiya.A cewar ɗan tarihi Agathias, ’yan’uwan biyu sun tara rundunar Franks da Alemanni 75,000, kuma a farkon shekara ta 553 suka tsallaka Alps suka mamaye garin Parma.Sun yi galaba a kan wata runduna a ƙarƙashin kwamandan Heruli Fulcaris, kuma ba da daɗewa ba Goths da yawa daga arewacinItaliya suka shiga rundunarsu.A halin yanzu, Narses ya tarwatsa sojojinsa zuwa garrisons a ko'ina cikin tsakiyar Italiya, kuma da kansa ya yi sanyi a Roma.A cikin bazara na 554, ’yan’uwa biyu suka mamaye tsakiyar Italiya, suna ganima yayin da suke gangarowa kudu, har sai da suka zo Samnium.A can ne suka rarraba sojojinsu, tare da Butilinus da babban bangaren sojojin suka nufi kudu zuwa Campania da mashigin Messina, yayin da Leutharis ya jagoranci sauran zuwa Apulia da Otranto.Leutharis, duk da haka, ba da daɗewa ba, ya koma gida, cike da ganima.Duk da haka, Armeniya Byzantine Artabanes sun sha kayar da mai tsaronsa a Fanum, inda ya bar yawancin ganima a baya.Sauran sun yi nasarar isa arewacin Italiya kuma suka tsallaka tsaunukan Alps zuwa yankin Faransanci, amma ba kafin a rasa wasu mutane da annoba ba, ciki har da Leutharis kansa.Butilinus, a daya bangaren, ya fi buri kuma mai yiyuwa ne Goths ya rinjaye su ya maido da mulkinsu da kansa a matsayin sarki, ya yanke shawarar ci gaba da zama.Dakarunsa sun kamu da zazzabin cizon sauro, ta yadda aka rage yawansu daga asalinsu 30,000 zuwa daidai da na sojojin Narses.A lokacin rani, Butilinus ya sake komawa Campania kuma ya kafa sansani a kan bankunan Volturnus, yana rufe ɓangarorin da aka fallasa tare da shinge na ƙasa, wanda ke ƙarfafa yawancin kekunansa.Wata hasumiya ta katako ce ta gina gada da ke kan kogin.Rumawa, karkashin jagorancin tsohon eunuch janar Narses, sun yi nasara a kan hadakar sojojin Franks da Alemanni.

Sarki Justinian na I ya fuskanci wani babban tawaye na Samariyawa a shekara ta 556. A wannan lokacin Yahudawa da Samariyawa sun yi kamar sun kafa dalili na gama gari, sun fara tawaye a Kaisariya a farkon watan Yuli.Sun afka wa Kiristocin da ke cikin birnin, inda suka kashe da yawa daga cikinsu, bayan da suka kai hari da washe coci-coci.An matsa wa Gwamna Stephanus da tawagarsa sojoji, inda daga karshe aka kashe gwamnan, a lokacin da yake fakewa a gidansa.An umurci Amantius, gwamnan Gabas da ya kwantar da tawaye, bayan da matar Stephanus ta isa Konstantinoful.Duk da shigar da Yahudawa suka yi, da alama tawayen bai samu goyon baya ba fiye da tawayen Ben Sabar.An kona Coci na Nativity, yana nuna cewa tawayen ya yaɗu zuwa kudu zuwa Bai’talami.Ko dai 100,000 ko 120,000 an ce an yanka su ne bayan tawayen.Wasu kuma an azabtar da su ko kuma aka kai su gudun hijira.Duk da haka, wannan ƙila ƙari ne kamar yadda ake ganin hukuncin ya iyakance ga gundumar Kaisariya.

Ko da yake an yi nasarar dakile wani yunkurin mamayewa na Franks, abokan Ostrogoths, a ƙarshen yakin, wani babban ƙaura daga Lombards, al'ummar Jamus waɗanda a baya suke da alaƙa da Daular Byzantine, ya biyo baya.A cikin bazara na 568 Lombards, wanda Sarki Alboin ya jagoranta, sun tashi daga Pannonia kuma suka mamaye kananan sojojin Byzantine da Narses suka bari don gadin Italiya.Zuwan Lombard ya karya haɗin kan siyasa natsibirin Italiya a karon farko tun lokacin da Romawa suka mamaye (tsakanin karni na 3 da na 2 KZ).Yanzu haka dai yankin ya tsage tsakanin yankunan da Lombards da Rumawa suke mulki, tare da iyakoki da suka canza a tsawon lokaci.An raba sabbin Lombards zuwa manyan yankuna biyu a Italiya: Langobardia Maior, wanda ya ƙunshi arewacin Italiya wanda ke kewaye da babban birnin Lombard, Ticinum (birnin Pavia na zamani a yankin Lombardy na Italiya);da Langobardia Minor, wanda ya haɗa da Lombard duchies na Spoleto da Benevento a kudancin Italiya.Yankunan da suka rage a ƙarƙashin ikon Byzantine ana kiran su "Romania" (yankin Italiyanci na Romagna a yau) a arewa maso gabashin Italiya kuma yana da karfi a cikin Exarchate na Ravenna.

Justin II ya gaji daular da ta kara girman gaske amma ta wuce gona da iri, tare da karancin albarkatu a wurinsa idan aka kwatanta da Justinian I. Duk da haka, ya yi ƙoƙari ya dace da mutuncin kawunsa mai girma ta hanyar watsar da biyan haraji ga maƙwabtan Daular.Wannan yunkuri na kuskure ya haifar da sake barkewar yaki da Daular Sassanid , da kuma mamayewar Lombard wanda ya kashe Romawa yawancin yankunansu aItaliya .

Justin ya daina biyan kuɗi ga Avars, wanda magajinsa, Justinian ya aiwatar.Kusan nan take Avars suka kaddamar da hari kan Sirmium a shekara ta 568, amma aka fatattake su.Avars sun janye sojojinsu zuwa yankinsu, amma ana zargin sun aika da Kotrigur Huns 10,000, mutanen da kamar Avars suka tilasta wa Turkawa Khaganate shiga cikin Carpathians, don mamaye lardin Dalmatia na Byzantine.Daga nan sai suka fara wani lokaci na haɗin gwiwa, inda Rumawa suka biya su 80,000 na zinare a shekara.Sai dai harin da aka kai a Sirmium a shekara ta 574, ba su yi barazana ga yankin Rumawa ba sai a shekara ta 579, bayan Tiberius na biyu ya dakatar da biyan.Avars sun mayar da martani tare da wani kewayen Sirmium.Garin ya fadi a c.581, ko yuwuwa 582. Bayan kama Sirmium, Avars sun bukaci 100,000 solidi a shekara.Sun ƙi, sun fara washe yankunan arewaci da gabashin Balkan, wanda ya ƙare ne bayan da Rumawa suka kori Avars daga 597 zuwa 602.

Yakin Byzantine – Yakin Sasaniya na 572-591 yaki ne da aka yi tsakanin Daular Sasaniya ta Farisa da Daular Rumawa ta Gabas, wanda masana tarihi na zamani suka kira daular Byzantine.Tashin hankalin masu goyon bayan Byzantine ne ya jawo ta a yankunan Caucasus karkashin mulkin Farisa, ko da yake wasu al'amura ma sun taimaka wajen barkewar ta.Fadan dai ya takaita ne a kudancin Caucasus da Mesofotamiya , ko da yake ya kuma yadu zuwa gabashin Anatoliya da Siriya da kuma arewacin Iran .Yana daga cikin jerin yaƙe-yaƙe masu tsanani tsakanin waɗannan masarautu biyu waɗanda suka mamaye mafi yawan ƙarni na 6 da farkon 7.Haka nan kuma shi ne na karshe daga cikin yakukuwan da suka yi a tsakanin su da ya bi irin salon da ake gwabzawa a yankunan da ke kan iyaka kuma babu wani bangare da ya samu nasarar mamaye yankunan makiya da ke bayan wannan yanki na kan iyaka.Ya gabaci rikici mai faɗi da ban mamaki na ƙarshe a farkon ƙarni na 7.

A cikin 575, Tiberius ya aika da ƙarfafawa zuwa Italiya a ƙarƙashin umarnin Baduarius tare da umarni don dakatar da mamaye Lombard.Ya ceci Roma daga Lombards kuma ya haɗa daular tare da Childebert II, Sarkin Franks, don ya ci su.Childebert II ya yi yaƙi a lokuta da yawa da sunan Sarkin Maurice a kan Lombards aItaliya , tare da iyakacin nasara.Abin baƙin ciki shine, an ci Baduarius kuma an kashe shi a cikin 576, yana ba da damar daɗaɗɗen yankin daular a Italiya.

Tiberius ya hau kan karagar mulki a shekara ta 574 lokacin da Justin II, kafin ya karaya, ya yi shelar Tiberius Kaisar kuma ya ɗauke shi a matsayin ɗansa.A cikin 578, Justin II, kafin ya mutu, ya ba shi lakabi na Augustus, wanda a karkashinsa ya yi mulki har zuwa mutuwarsa a ranar 14 ga Agusta 582.

Avars sun yanke shawarar cin gajiyar rashin sojoji a yankin Balkan ta hanyar kewaye Sirmium wanda ya fadi a shekara ta 579 AZ.A lokaci guda kuma, Slavs sun fara ƙaura zuwa Thrace, Makidoniya da Girka , wanda Tiberius bai iya tsayawa ba yayin da Farisa suka ƙi yarda da zaman lafiya a gabas, wanda ya kasance babban fifiko na sarki.A shekara ta 582, ba tare da bayyanar da ƙarshen yakin Farisa ba, Tiberius ya tilasta wa Avars, kuma ya yarda ya biya bashi kuma ya mika muhimmin birnin Sirmium, wanda Avars suka kwashe.Hijira na Slavs ya ci gaba, tare da kutsawa zuwa kudu zuwa Athens.Hijira na Slavic zuwa ƙasashen Balkan sun faru ne tun tsakiyar ƙarni na 6 da shekarun farko na ƙarni na 7 a farkon tsakiyar zamanai.Saurin yaɗuwar alƙaluman jama'a na Slavs ya biyo bayan musayar yawan jama'a, cakuɗewa da jujjuya harshe zuwa kuma daga Slavic.Babu wani dalili guda ɗaya na ƙaura na Slavic wanda zai shafi yawancin wannan yanki don zama masu magana da Slavic.An sami sauƙaƙa sulhu ta hanyar faɗuwar al'ummar Balkan a lokacin Annobar Justinian.Wani dalili kuma shine Late Antique Little Ice Age daga 536 zuwa kusan 660 CE da kuma jerin yaƙe-yaƙe tsakanin Daular Sasaniya da Avar Khaganate a kan Daular Roma ta Gabas.Kashin baya na Avar Khaganate ya ƙunshi kabilun Slavic.

Yaƙin Balkan na Maurice jerin balaguron soji ne wanda Sarkin Roma Maurice (ya yi sarauta a shekara ta 582–602) a ƙoƙarin kare lardunan Balkan na Daular Roma daga Avars da Slavs ta Kudu.Maurice shi ne kawai Sarkin Roma na Gabas, ban da Anastasius I, wanda ya yi iya ƙoƙarinsa don aiwatar da ƙayyadaddun manufofin Balkan a lokacin Late Antiquity ta hanyar ba da kulawa mai kyau ga tsaron iyakokin arewa game da hare-haren barasa.A cikin rabin na biyu na mulkinsa, yaƙin neman zaɓe na Balkan shine babban abin da manufofin Maurice na ketare suka fi mayar da hankali, saboda yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya mai kyau da daular Farisa a shekara ta 591 ta ba shi damar tura ƙwararrun sojojinsa daga fagen fama na Farisa zuwa yankin.Sake mayar da hankali kan ƙoƙarin Romawa ba da daɗewa ba ya biya: gazawar Romawa akai-akai kafin 591 sun sami nasara ta hanyar cin nasara da yawa daga baya.Ko da yake an yi imani da cewa yaƙin neman zaɓe ya kasance ma'auni ne kawai kuma mulkin Romawa a kan Balkan ya rushe nan da nan bayan da aka hambarar da shi a shekara ta 602, Maurice ya kasance a kan hanyarsa ta hanyar hana yaduwar Slavic a kan Balkans kuma ya kusan kiyaye tsarin Late. Tsohon can.Nasarar da ya samu ta yi nasara ne bayan shekaru goma bayan hambarar da shi.A baya-bayan nan, kamfen ɗin shine na ƙarshe a cikin jerin kamfen na gargajiya na Romawa akan Barbarians akan Rhine da Danube, wanda ya jinkirta faɗuwar ƙasar Slav a kan Balkan da shekaru ashirin.Game da Slavs, kamfen ɗin yana da halaye na yau da kullun na yaƙin neman zaɓe na Romawa akan ƙabilun da ba a tsara su ba da kuma abin da ake kira yaƙin asymmetric a yanzu.

A watan Yuni na 582 Maurice ya ci nasara mai mahimmanci a kan Adarmahan kusa da Constantina.Da kyar Adarmahan ya tsere daga filin, yayin da aka kashe abokin aikinsa Tamkhosrau.A cikin wannan watan ne sarki Tiberius ya kamu da rashin lafiya wanda ba da jimawa ba ya kashe shi.

Mulkin Maurice ya damu da kusan yaƙe-yaƙe.Bayan ya zama Sarkin sarakuna, ya kawo yaƙi da Farisa Sasaniya zuwa ga ƙarshe mai nasara.An fadada iyakar Gabashin Daular a Kudancin Caucasus kuma, a karon farko cikin kusan ƙarni biyu, Romawa ba su daina biyan Farisa dubban fam na zinariya a shekara don zaman lafiya.Bayan haka Maurice ya yi yaƙi da yawa a cikin Balkans don yaƙar Avars - yana tura su baya a cikin Danube ta 599. Ya kuma gudanar da yakin a fadin Danube, Sarkin Roma na farko da ya yi hakan cikin fiye da ƙarni biyu.A yamma, ya kafa wasu manyan larduna biyu masu cin gashin kansu da ake kira exarchates, wanda masu mulki ne, ko mataimakan sarki.A Italiya Maurice ya kafa Exarchate na Italiya a cikin 584, ƙoƙarin farko na gaske na daular don dakatar da ci gaban Lombards.Tare da ƙirƙirar Exarchate na Afirka a cikin 591 ya ƙara ƙarfafa ikon Constantinople a yammacin Bahar Rum.Nasarorin da Maurice ya samu a fagen fama da kuma manufofin kasashen waje sun fuskanci daidaito ta hanyar matsalolin kudi na Daular.Maurice ya mayar da martani a matakai da dama da ba su yarda da su ba wadanda suka raba kan sojoji da sauran jama'a.A shekara ta 602 wani jami’in da bai gamsu ba mai suna Phocas ya ƙwace sarautar, inda aka kashe Maurice da ’ya’yansa maza shida.Wannan lamari zai tabbatar da bala'i ga Daular, wanda ya haifar da yakin shekaru ashirin da shida da Sassanid Farisa wanda zai bar duk dauloli sun lalace kafin cin nasarar musulmi.

An shirya exarchate cikin rukuni na duchies (Rome, Venetia, Calabria, Naples, Perugia, Pentapolis, Lucania, da sauransu) waɗanda galibi biranen bakin teku ne a cikin tsibirinItaliya tun lokacin da Lombards ke da fa'ida a cikin ƙasa.Shugaban farar hula da na soja na waɗannan kayan sarki, exarch da kansa, shi ne wakilin a Ravenna na sarki a Konstantinoful.Yankin da ke kewaye ya isa daga Kogin Po, wanda ke aiki a matsayin iyaka da Venice a arewa, zuwa Pentapolis a Rimini a kudu, iyakar "birane biyar" a cikin Maris tare da bakin tekun Adriatic, kuma ya isa har ma da biranen ba. a bakin teku, kamar Forlì.;

An yi yakin Solachon a shekara ta 586 AD a arewacin Mesopotamiya tsakanin sojojin Gabas na Roma (Byzantine), karkashin jagorancin Philippicus, da Farisa Sassanid karkashin Kardarigan.Haɗin gwiwar wani ɓangare ne na Yaƙin Byzantine-Sassanid mai tsayi kuma maras cikawa na 572-591.Yaƙin Solachon ya ƙare da babbar nasara ta Byzantine wanda ya inganta matsayin Rumawa a Mesopotamiya, amma ba a ƙarshe ya yanke hukunci ba.Yaƙin ya ci gaba har zuwa shekara ta 591, lokacin da ya ƙare tare da sasantawa tsakanin Maurice da Farisa Shah Khosrau II (r. 590-628).

An yi yakin Martyropolis a lokacin rani na 588 a kusa da Martyropolis tsakanin Roman Gabas (Byzantine) da sojojin Farisa Sassanid , kuma ya haifar da nasara na Byzantine.Sojojin Byzantine na Gabas sun raunana ta hanyar wani tashin hankali a cikin Afrilu 588, wanda ya haifar da matakan rage farashin da ba a yarda da su ba kuma aka yi wa sabon kwamandan, Priscus.An kai wa Priscus hari kuma ya gudu daga sansanin sojoji, kuma masu zanga-zangar sun zaɓi dux na Phoenice Libanensis, Germanus, a matsayin shugabansu na wucin gadi.Daga nan sai sarki Maurice ya mayar da tsohon kwamanda Filibikus kan mukaminsa, amma kafin ya isa ya sami iko, Farisa suna cin gajiyar wannan cuta, suka mamaye yankin Bizantine kuma suka kai wa Constantina hari.Germanus ya shirya wata runduna ta maza dubu wadda ta sauƙaƙa kewayen.Kamar yadda masanin tarihi Theophylact Simocatta ya rubuta, "da kyar [Jamus] ya zaburar da sojojin Roma da jawabai" kuma ya yi nasarar tattara maza 4,000 tare da kaddamar da farmaki a yankin Farisa.Daga nan sai Germanus ya jagoranci sojojinsa zuwa arewa zuwa Shahidai, inda daga nan ya sake kaddamar da wani farmaki ta kan iyakar kasar zuwa Arzanene.Janar Maruzas na Farisa ne ya tare wannan harin (kuma mai yiyuwa ne kuma ya yi daidai da farmakin da aka ci nasara a yakin Tsalkajur kusa da tafkin Van ta Marzban na Farisa na Armeniya , Afhrahat), ya juya baya.Farisa karkashin Maruzas sun bi kusa da baya, kuma an yi yaƙi a kusa da Martyropolis wanda ya haifar da babbar nasara ta Byzantine: bisa ga asusun Simocatta, an kashe Maruzas, an kama da dama daga cikin shugabannin Farisa tare da wasu fursunoni 3,000, kuma maza dubu kawai. ya tsira ya isa mafaka a Nisibis.

Yakin basasar Sasaniya na 589-591 rikici ne da ya barke a shekara ta 589, saboda tsananin rashin gamsuwa da manyan masu fada a ji game da mulkin Hormizd IV.Yaƙin basasa ya ci gaba har zuwa shekara ta 591, inda ya ƙare da hambarar da Bahram Chobin ɗan mulkin mallaka na Mihranid tare da maido da dangin Sasaniya a matsayin sarakunan Iran .Dalilin yakin basasa shi ne saboda tsananin mu'amalar da sarki Hormizd IV ya yi wa manya da malamai, wadanda bai amince da su ba.Wannan daga karshe ya sa Bahram Chobin ya fara tayar da kayar baya, yayin da 'yan'uwan Ispahbudhan biyu Vistahm da Vinduyih suka yi masa juyin mulki, wanda ya yi sanadin makanta kuma daga karshe ya mutu Hormizd IV.An naɗa ɗansa Khosrow II sarauta a matsayin sarki.Sai dai kuma hakan bai canja ra'ayin Bahram Chobin ba, wanda ke son maido da mulkin Parthia a Iran.A karshe an tilasta wa Khosrow II ya gudu zuwa yankin Rumawa, inda ya yi kawance da Sarkin Ruma Maurice a kan Bahram Chobin.A shekara ta 591, Khosrow II da abokansa na Rumawa sun mamaye yankunan Bahram Chobin a Mesopotamiya , inda suka yi nasarar kayar da shi, yayin da Khosrow na biyu ya sake samun kan karagar mulki.Bayan haka Bahram Chobin ya gudu zuwa yankin Turkawa da ke Transoxiana, amma ba a dade ba aka kashe shi ko kuma aka kashe shi bisa ingiza Khosrow II.

Exarchate of Africa wani yanki ne na Daular Byzantine da ke kewaye da Carthage, Tunisiya, wanda ya ƙunshi kayansa a yammacin Bahar Rum.An yi mulki ta hanyar exarch (viceroy), Sarkin sarakuna Maurice ne ya kafa shi a ƙarshen 580s kuma ya rayu har zuwa lokacin da musulmi suka mamaye Maghreb a ƙarshen karni na 7.Ya kasance, tare da Exarchate na Ravenna, ɗaya daga cikin exarchate biyu da aka kafa bayan sake cin nasara na yamma a ƙarƙashin Sarkin sarakuna Justinian I don gudanar da yankuna yadda ya kamata.

Bayan yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya da Farisa da kuma Romawa na gaba sun sake mayar da hankali kan Balkans kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, Maurice ya tura dakaru na soja zuwa Balkans, yana ba da damar Rumawa su canza daga dabarun mayar da martani zuwa wani riga-kafi.An ba Janar Priscus alhakin hana Slavs tsallaka Danube a cikin bazara na shekara ta 593. Ya fatattaki ƙungiyoyin mahara da yawa, kafin ya haye Danube ya yaƙi Slavs a yankin da ake kira Wallachia a yanzu har kaka.Maurice ya umarce shi ya yi sansani a arewacin bankin Danube, duk da haka Priscus ya yi ritaya zuwa Odessos.Komawar Priscus ya ba da damar sabon kutse na Slav a ƙarshen 593/594 a Moesia da Makidoniya, tare da lalata garuruwan Aquis, Scupi da Zaldapa.A shekara ta 594 Maurice ya maye gurbin Priscus da ɗan’uwansa, Bitrus.Saboda rashin saninsa, Bitrus ya sha wahala na farko, amma daga bisani ya sami nasarar tunkude tide na Slav da Avar.Ya kafa tushe a Marcianopolis, kuma ya yi sintiri a Danube tsakanin Novae da Black Sea.A ƙarshen watan Agusta na 594, ya haye Danube kusa da Securisca kuma ya yi yaƙi da hanyarsa zuwa kogin Helibacia, ya hana Slavs da Avars shirya sabbin kamfen na sata.Priscus, wanda aka bai wa kwamandan wani runduna, ya hana Avars su kewaye Singidunum a 595, tare da rundunar Byzantine Danube.Bayan haka, Avars sun mayar da hankalinsu zuwa Dalmatiya, inda suka kori kagara da dama, kuma suka kauce wa fuskantar Priscus kai tsaye.Priscus bai damu da kutsawar Avar ba, domin Dalmatia yanki ne mai nisa kuma matalauci;Ya aike da ‘yan tsiraru ne kawai domin su duba farmakin nasu, inda suka ajiye babban rundunarsa a kusa da Danube.Karamin karfin ya iya kawo cikas ga ci gaban Avar, har ma ya kwato wani bangare na ganimar da Avars suka dauka, fiye da yadda ake tsammani.

An gwabza yakin Blarathon a shekara ta 591 a kusa da Ganzak tsakanin rundunonin sojojin Byzantine-Persian hade da sojojin Farisa karkashin jagorancin Bahram Chobin mai kwace.Rundunar hadaka ta kasance karkashin jagorancin John Mystacon, Narses, da Sarkin Farisa Khosrau II.Sojojin Byzantine- Fara sun yi nasara, sun kori Bahram Chobin daga mulki tare da maido da Khosrau a matsayin mai mulkin daular Sassanid .Nan da nan aka maido da Khosrau kan karagar Farisa, kuma kamar yadda aka yi yarjejeniya aka dawo Dara da Shahidai.Yaƙin Blarathon ya canza yanayin dangantakar Rum da Farisa sosai, wanda ya bar tsohon a matsayi mafi girma.Girman ingantaccen iko na Roman a cikin Caucasus ya kai matsayi na tarihi.Nasarar ta kasance mai mahimmanci;Daga karshe Maurice ya kawo karshen yakin tare da sake samun nasarar Khosrau.

An yi zaman lafiya da Rumawa a hukumance.Maurice, don taimakonsa, ya sami yawancin Sasaniya Armeniya da yammacin Jojiya, kuma ya sami soke harajin da aka biya ga Sasaniyawa a da.Wannan ya nuna farkon zaman lafiya tsakanin masarautun biyu, wanda ya kasance har zuwa shekara ta 602, lokacin da Khosrow ya yanke shawarar shelanta yaki da Rumawa bayan kisan gillar da Phocas ya yi wa Maurice.

Ƙarfafawa da ganimar da Franks suka yi, Avars sun sake ci gaba da kai hare-hare a cikin Danube a cikin kaka na 597, suna kama Rumawa da mamaki.Har ila yau Avars sun kama sojojin Priscus yayin da suke cikin sansaninsu a Tomis, kuma suka kewaye shi.Duk da haka, sun dage harin ne a ranar 30 ga Maris, 598, a lokacin da sojojin Rumawa karkashin jagorancin Comentiolus, suka yi ta tsallaka Dutsen Haemus, kuma suna tafiya tare da Danube har zuwa Zikidiba, kilomita 30 (mita 19) daga Tomis.Don dalilan da ba a sani ba, Priscus bai shiga Comentiolus ba lokacin da ya bi Avars.Comentiolus ya yi sansani a Iatrus, duk da haka Avars suka fatattake shi, kuma sojojinsa sun yi yaƙi da hanyarsu ta komawa kan Haemus.Avars sun yi amfani da wannan nasara kuma suka ci gaba zuwa Drizipera, kusa da Constantinople.A Drizipera sojojin Avar sun fuskanci annoba, wanda ya kai ga mutuwar wani kaso mai yawa na sojojinsu, da ’ya’ya bakwai na Bayan, Avar Khagan.

Yakin Viminacium jerin yaƙe-yaƙe ne guda uku da aka yi yaƙi da Avars ta Daular Gabashin Roman (Byzantine).Sun kasance manyan nasarorin Romawa, wanda ya biyo bayan mamayewar Pannonia.A lokacin rani 599, Sarkin Roma na Gabas Maurice ya aika da Janar Priscus da Comentiolus zuwa gaban Danube a kan Avars.Janar-janar suka haɗu da sojojinsu a Singidunum kuma suka haye tare zuwa kogin zuwa Viminacium.Avar khagan Bayan I a halin da ake ciki - sanin cewa Romawa sun yi niyyar keta zaman lafiya - sun haye Danube a Viminacium kuma suka mamaye Moesia Prima, yayin da ya ba da wata babbar runduna ga 'ya'yansa maza hudu, waɗanda aka umurce su su gadin kogin kuma su hana. Romawa daga haye zuwa bankin hagu.Duk da kasancewar sojojin Avar, amma sojojin Rumawa sun tsallaka kan rafts sun kafa sansani a gefen hagu, yayin da kwamandojin biyu suka yi baƙunci a garin Viminacium, wanda ke tsaye a wani tsibiri a cikin kogin.Anan an ce Comentiolus ya yi rashin lafiya ko kuma ya yanke jiki ya gagara yin wani mataki;Don haka Priscus ya zama kwamandan runduna biyu.An gwabza yaƙi wanda ya kashe mutanen Gabas na Romawa mutum ɗari uku kacal, yayin da Avars suka rasa dubu huɗu.Wannan alkawari ya biyo bayan wasu manyan yaƙe-yaƙe guda biyu a cikin kwanaki goma masu zuwa, inda dabarun Priscus da dabarun sojojin Roma suka yi nasara sosai.Daga baya Priscus ya bi khagan mai gudun hijira kuma ya mamaye mahaifar Avar a Pannonia, inda ya ci nasara a wani jerin fadace-fadacen da aka yi a gabar Kogin Tisza, inda ya yanke shawarar yaƙin Romawa kuma ya ƙare, na ɗan lokaci, hare-haren Avar da Slavic a cikin Danube. .

A cikin 602 Maurice, tare da rashin kuɗi kamar yadda kullun ke tsara manufofin, ya ba da shawarar cewa sojojin su zauna don hunturu fiye da Danube.Sojojin da suka gaji sun yi wa Sarkin sarakuna tawaye.Wataƙila ya ɓata yanayin, Maurice ya umurci sojojinsa akai-akai su fara wani sabon hari maimakon su koma wuraren sanyi.Sojojinsa sun sami ra'ayi cewa Maurice ya daina fahimtar yanayin soja kuma ya sanar da Phocas shugabansu.Sun bukaci Maurice ya yi murabus kuma ya bayyana a matsayin magajin ko dai dansa Theodosius ko kuma Janar Germanus.An zarge mutanen biyu da laifin cin amanar kasa.Yayin da tarzoma ta barke a Konstantinoful, Sarkin sarakuna, ya tafi da iyalinsa, ya bar birnin a kan wani jirgin ruwan yaƙi ya nufi Nicomedia, yayin da Theodosius ya nufi gabas zuwa Farisa (masana tarihi ba su da tabbacin ko mahaifinsa ne ya aika shi can ko kuma ya gudu. akwai).Phocas ya shiga Konstantinoful a watan Nuwamba kuma an nada shi sarauta.Sojojinsa suka kama Maurice da iyalinsa suka kai su tashar ruwa ta Eutropius a Kalcedon.An kashe Maurice a tashar ruwa ta Eutropius a ranar 27 ga Nuwamba 602. An tilasta wa sarkin da aka tsige ya kalli yadda aka kashe ’ya’yansa maza biyar kafin a fille kansa.