Daular Joseon

Ya zuwa karshen karni na 14, Goryeo mai shekaru kusan 500 da aka kafa a shekara ta 918 yana tangal-tangal, harsashinsa da ke rugujewa daga shekaru na yakin basasa daga daular Yuan da ta wargaje.Bayan bullowar daular Ming , fadar sarauta a Goryeo ta rabu gida biyu masu cin karo da juna, daya yana goyon bayan Ming, daya kuma yana tsaye kusa da Yuan.A cikin 1388, wani manzo Ming ya zo Goryeo don neman cewa a mika yankunan tsoffin Lardunan Ssangseong ga Ming China.Sojojin Mongol ne suka kwace wannan fili a lokacin da suka mamaye Koriya , amma Goryeo ya kwato shi a shekarar 1356 yayin da daular Yuan ta raunana.Wannan matakin ya haifar da hayaniya a tsakanin kotun Goryeo, kuma Janar Choe Yeong ya yi amfani da damar ya yi muhawara kan mamaye yankin Liaodong da ke karkashin Ming.An zabi Janar Yi Seong-gye don jagorantar harin;ya yi tawaye, ya koma babban birnin Gaegyeong (Kaesong na yanzu) kuma ya ƙaddamar da juyin mulki, ya hambarar da sarki U tare da goyon bayan dansa, Chang na Goryeo (1388).Daga baya ya kashe Sarki U da dansa bayan da aka gaza gyarawa kuma ya sanya wani sarki mai suna Wang Yo bisa karagar mulki da karfi (ya zama Sarki Gongyang na Goryeo).A shekara ta 1392, Yi ya kawar da Jeong Mong-ju, shugaban kungiyar masu biyayya ga daular Goryeo, kuma ya tsige Sarki Gongyang, ya yi gudun hijira zuwa Wonju, kuma ya hau kan karagar mulki da kansa.Masarautar Goryeo ta zo ƙarshe bayan shekaru 474 tana mulki.A farkon mulkinsa, Yi Seong-gye, wanda ke mulkin Koriya a yanzu, ya yi niyyar ci gaba da amfani da sunan Goryeo ga kasar da yake mulki da kuma sauya tsarin zuriyarsa kawai, ta haka ne ya ci gaba da kiyaye facade na ci gaba da mulkin kasar. Al'adar Goryeo mai shekaru 500.Bayan barazanar ta'addanci da dama daga masu rauni sosai amma har yanzu masu fada a ji na Gwonmun, wadanda suka ci gaba da yin mubaya'a ga ragowar Goryeo da kuma dangin Wang da aka rushe a yanzu, yarjejeniya a cikin kotun da aka yi wa kwaskwarima ita ce, ana bukatar sabon lakabin daular. nuna canji.A cikin sanya sunan sabuwar masarauta, Taejo yayi la'akari da dama biyu - "Hwaryeong" (wurin haihuwarsa) da "Joseon".Bayan tattaunawa mai yawa na cikin gida, da kuma amincewa da sarkin daular Ming da ke makwabtaka da shi, Taejo ya ayyana sunan masarautar a matsayin Joseon, wani haraji ga tsohuwar jihar Gojoseon ta Koriya.

Taejo shi ne wanda ya kafa daular Joseon aKoriya , yana mulki daga 1392 zuwa 1398. An haifi Yi Seong-gye, ya hau kan karagar mulki ta hanyar kifar da daular Goryeo .Mulkinsa ya kawo ƙarshen mulkin Goryeo na shekaru 475 da farkon Joseon, wanda ya kafa a hukumance a shekara ta 1393.Mulkin Taejo ya kasance da ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarce don ci gaba da kasancewa a baya.Ya rike cibiyoyi da jami'ai da yawa daga zamanin Goryeo kuma ya ba da fifikon inganta dangantakar kasashen waje.Ya yi nasarar sake kulla huldar diflomasiyya daJapan tare da kyautata alaka da Ming China , da kin mayar da martani kan hare-haren da 'yan fashin kasar Sin suka kai musu, ya kuma aike da wakilai don sanar da kotun Ming game da sauyin daular.An kuma aika da jakadu zuwa Japan, suna maido da haɗin kai, kuma ya karɓi wakilai daga Masarautar Ryūkyū da Siam.A cikin 1394, Taejo ta kafa sabon babban birni a Hanseong, Seoul na yau.Duk da haka, mulkinsa ya fuskanci rigingimun dangi game da magajin sarauta.Duk da Yi Bang-won, ɗan Taejo na biyar, wanda ya ba da gudummawa sosai ga hawan mahaifinsa kan mulki, an yi watsi da shi a matsayin magaji saboda masu ba da shawara ta Taejo suna fifita sauran 'ya'ya maza.Wannan ya haifar da 'Rikicin Farko na Sarakuna' a 1398, inda Yi Bang-won ya yi tawaye, ya kashe manyan mutane masu adawa da shi, ciki har da Jeong Do-jeon da 'ya'yan Sarauniya Sindeok.Cikin kaduwa da tashin hankali tsakanin 'ya'yansa maza da kuma bakin cikin rashin matarsa ​​ta biyu, Sarauniya Sindeok, Taejo ya yi murabus don goyon bayan dansa na biyu, Yi Bang-gwa, wanda ya zama sarki Jeongjong.Taejo ya yi ritaya zuwa Hamhung Royal Villa, yana nisanta kansa da Yi Bang-won (daga baya Sarki Taejong).Sabanin abin da aka sani, Taejo bai kashe manzanni daga Yi Bang-won ba;sun mutu kwatsam a cikin tawaye.A shekara ta 1400, Sarki Jeongjong ya nada Yi Bang-won a matsayin magaji kuma ya yi murabus, wanda ya kai ga hawan Yi Bang-won a matsayin Sarki Taejong.Mulkin Taejo, ko da yake gajere, yana da mahimmanci wajen kafa daular Joseon da aza harsashi don canje-canje masu zuwa a tarihin Koriya.

A cikin sunan sabon daular, Taejo yayi la'akari da dama biyu - "Hwaryeong" da "Joseon".Bayan tattaunawa mai yawa na cikin gida, da kuma amincewa da sarkin daular Ming da ke makwabtaka da shi, Taejo ya ayyana sunan masarautar a matsayin Joseon, wani haraji ga tsohuwar jihar Gojoseon ta Koriya.Ya kuma mayar da babban birnin kasar zuwa Hanyang daga Kaesong.

Jeongjong, mai mulki na biyu na daular Joseon, an haife shi a shekara ta 1357 a matsayin ɗa na biyu na Yi Seong-gye (daga baya Sarki Taejo) da matarsa ​​ta farko, Lady Han.Kwararren jami'in soja, Jeongjong ya halarci fadace-fadace tare da mahaifinsa a lokacin daular Goryeo ta ragu.Bayan hawan mahaifinsa kan karaga a shekara ta 1392, Jeongjong ya zama basarake.Sarki Taejo yana da mata biyu, tare da Jeongjong yana daya daga cikin 'ya'ya shida na aurensa na farko.Ƙaunar Taejo ga ƙaramin ɗansa daga matarsa ​​ta biyu, Lady Gang, da kuma goyon bayan wannan ɗan daga babban dan majalisar jiha Jeong Do-jeon, ya haifar da ɓacin rai a tsakanin sauran ƴan Taejo.Rikicin iyali ya ƙare a cikin 1398 lokacin da ɗan Taejo na biyar, Yi Bang-won (daga baya Sarki Taejong), ya jagoranci juyin mulki wanda ya yi sanadin mutuwar ƙannensa biyu da Jeong Do-jeon.Bayan juyin mulkin, da farko Yi Bang-won ya goyi bayan babban wansa Yi Bang-gwa (Jeongjong) a kan karagar mulki.Taejo, wanda ya damu da zubar da jini, ya yi murabus, wanda ya kai ga hawan Jeongjong a matsayin mai mulki na biyu na Joseon.A lokacin mulkin Jeongjong, ya mayar da gwamnatin zuwa Gaegyeong, tsohon babban birnin Goryeo.A shekara ta 1400, wani rikici ya taso tsakanin Yi Bang-won da babban wan Jeongjong, Yi Bang-gan.Bayan da sojojin Yi Bang-won suka fatattaki Yi Bang-gan, wanda daga baya aka yi gudun hijira, Jeongjong, ya fahimci iyakacin ikonsa da kuma tasirin Yi Bang-won, ya nada Yi Bang-won a matsayin yarima mai jiran gado kuma ya yi murabus.Duk da mulkinsa da ke fama da rikice-rikicen dangi da zubar da jini, Jeongjong ya kasance ƙwararren mai gudanarwa.

Sarki Taejong, mai mulki na uku na Daular Joseon, ya yi sarauta daga 1400 zuwa 1418 kuma ya kasance jigo atarihin Koriya .Shi ne ɗa na biyar ga Sarki Taejo, wanda ya kafa daular, kuma mahaifin Sejong Mai Girma.Taejong ta aiwatar da muhimman sauye-sauye na soja, gudanarwa, da na shari'a.Ɗaya daga cikin abin da ya fara yi a matsayinsa na sarki shi ne ya kawar da runduna masu zaman kansu da ke hannun ’yan sarakuna, tare da ƙarfafa ikon soja a ƙarƙashin gwamnatin tsakiya.Wannan matakin dai ya dakile yuwuwar tayar da kayar baya na masu fada aji da kuma karfafa sojojin kasa.Ya kuma yi wa dokokin harajin filaye gyaran fuska, wanda ya haifar da karuwar arzikin kasa ta hanyar bankado wasu wuraren da aka boye a baya.Taejong ta kafa gwamnatin tsakiya mai karfi, inda ta maye gurbin Majalisar Dopyeong da Majalisar Jiha.Ya ba da doka cewa duk shawarar da Majalisar Jiha ta zartas na bukatar amincewar sarki, don haka aka sanya ikon sarauta.Taejong ya kirkiro Ofishin Sinmun don magance korafe-korafen jami'ai ko masu fada aji kuma ya sanya babban ganga a wajen fadar don jama'a su nemi masu sauraro kan muhimman al'amura.Taejong ya inganta Confucianism akan addinin Buddha, wanda ya haifar da raguwar tasirin ƙarshen da kuma rufe yawancin haikalin.Manufofinsa na kasashen waje sun kasance masu tayar da hankali, suna kai hari ga Jurchens a arewa da kuma 'yan fashina Japan a kudu.Taejong ya fara mamaye Ōei na Tsibirin Tsushima a cikin 1419. Ya gabatar da tsarin hopae, wani nau'i na farko na ganewa, don sarrafa motsin jama'a.Taejong ci-gaba da ƙarfe motsi nau'in fasaha na bugu, yana ba da umarnin ƙirƙirar nau'in nau'in ƙarfe 100,000 da cikakkun haruffa guda biyu, wanda ya riga ya wuce Gutenberg.Ya karfafa wallafe-wallafe, kasuwanci, ilimi, kuma ya ba da 'yancin kai ga Uigeumbu, hukumar shari'a.A cikin 1418, Taejong ya yi murabus don goyon bayan dansa Yi Do (Sejong the Great) amma ya ci gaba da yin tasiri a kan al'amuran jihohi.Ya kashe ko kuma kora magoya bayansa wadanda suka taimaka masa ya hau karagar mulki kuma ya iyakance tasirin surukai da dangi masu karfi, gami da kashe 'yan uwan ​​matarsa, Sarauniya Wongyeong.Taejong ya mutu a cikin 1422 a fadar Sugang kuma an binne shi tare da Sarauniya Wongyeong a Heonneung a Seoul.Mulkinsa, wanda ke da ingantacciyar gwamnati da tsauraran matakai kan abokan hamayya, ya ba da gudummawa sosai ga kwanciyar hankali da ci gaban Joseon, wanda ya kafa tushe mai ƙarfi ga nasarar nasarar magajinsa.

Wanda ya kafa daular, Taejong ya yi yunƙuri da yawa don kawo gyare-gyare a tsarin kuɗin da ake yi amma ba su yi nasara ba da farko.Yunkurin ya hada da fitar da takardar kudin Koriya da fitar da tsabar kudi maimakon shigo da su dagaChina .Tsabar da aka bayar a cikin Koriya da rashin nasara ya kai ga fitar da daidaitaccen bayanin kula da aka yi da baƙar mulberry mai suna Jeohwa (저화/楮貨), wanda aka yi amfani da shi a maimakon tsabar kuɗi.Ba a sake jefa tsabar tagulla ba har sai shekara ta 1423 a zamanin Sarki Sejong.Waɗannan tsabar kudi suna da rubutu 朝鮮通寶 (Chosun Tongbo "Chosun currency").Tsabar da aka haƙa a ƙarni na 17 sun fito don yin nasara a ƙarshe kuma a sakamakon haka, an kafa mints 24 a duk faɗin Koriya.Tsabar kudi ta kafa babban ɓangare na tsarin musayar bayan wannan lokaci.

Sejong the Great, sarki na huɗu na Daular Joseon naKoriya , ya yi sarauta daga 1418 zuwa 1450 kuma ya shahara a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan sarakunan Koriya.Sarautarsa ​​ta kasance alama ce ta haɓaka sabbin ci gaban al'adu, zamantakewa, da fasaha, waɗanda ke da tasiri mai ƙarfi da dorewa a tarihin Koriya.Babbar nasarar da Sejong ya samu ita ce ƙirƙirar Harafin Hangul na Koriya a shekara ta 1443. Wannan ci gaban juyin juya hali ya sa ilimin karatu ya zama mai isa ga jama'a, tare da karya shingen rubutun gargajiya na kasar Sin, wanda shi ne yaren da aka rubuta na manyan mutane.Gabatarwar Hangul ya yi tasiri sosai ga al'adun Koriya da ainihi.Karkashin jagorancin Sejong, Joseon ya ga ci gaban kimiyya da fasaha.Ya goyi bayan samar da kayan aikin kimiyya daban-daban, ciki har da agogon ruwa da na rana, da inganta hanyoyin lura da yanayi.Sha'awarsa ga ilimin taurari ya haifar da ci gaba a fagen, kuma tallafin da ya ba da ilimin aikin gona ya taimaka wajen inganta dabarun noma da amfanin gona.Mulkin Sejong kuma yana da alamar ƙarfin soja.Ya ƙarfafa kariyar ƙasa kuma ya ƙera manyan makamai, ciki har da Geobukseon (jirgin ruwa na kunkuru) da Hwacha (nau'in harba roka masu yawa).Wadannan sabbin abubuwa sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kare Koriya daga barazanar waje.A al'adance, ana ɗaukar mulkin Sejong a matsayin zamanin zinare.Ya haɓaka zane-zane da adabi, yana haɓaka nazari da haɓaka kiɗan Koriya, waƙa, da falsafa.Manufofinsa sun ƙarfafa ayyukan tunani da al'adu, wanda ya haifar da bunƙasa ƙwarewar Confucian da kuma kafa Hall of Worthies (Jiphyeonjeon), cibiyar bincike na sarauta.A gudanarwa, Sejong ya aiwatar da gyare-gyaren da suka inganta rayuwar jama'a.Ya gyara tsarin biyan haraji, ya inganta ka’idojin doka, da kuma sake fasalin gwamnati domin ta kara inganta da kuma biyan bukatun talakawansa.Mulkin Sejong ya kasance da tsarin diflomasiyya da kuma kiyaye dangantakar lumana da kasashe makwabta.Ya gudanar da hadaddun alakar kasa da kasa da dabara da hangen nesa, inda ya daidaita matsayin Joseon a tsakanin manyan kasashen yankin.Bayan mutuwarsa a 1450, Sejong ya bar gadon wayewa da ci gaba.Gudunmawar da ya bayar ga al'ada, kimiyya, da mulki na Koriya sun tabbatar da matsayinsa na daya daga cikin manyan tarihin Koriya, wanda ya ba shi lakabi "Babban."

Danjong, haifaffen Yi Hong-wi, shi ne sarki na shida na daular Joseon a Koriya, ya hau kan karagar mulki a shekara ta 1452 yana da shekaru 12 bayan rasuwar mahaifinsa, Sarki Munjong.Mulkinsa kuwa, bai daɗe ba, kuma ya kasance cikin tashin hankali, musamman saboda ƙuruciyarsa da kuma dambarwar siyasar da ta dabaibaye mulkinsa.Bayan hawan sa, ainihin mulkin ya koma hannun babban kansilan jihar Hwangbo In da kansilan jihar hagu Janar Kim Jong-seo.Duk da haka, an hambarar da wannan gwamnati ta hanyar juyin mulki a shekara ta 1453 da kawun Danjong, Grand Prince Suyang, wanda daga baya ya zama sarki Sejo.Juyin mulkin ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar Hwangbo In da Kim Jong-seo.Rikicin siyasa ya ta'azzara a shekara ta 1456 sa'ad da jami'an kotu shida suka yi niyyar mayar da Danjong kan karagar mulki.An lalata makircin, kuma an kashe masu makirci.Daga baya, Danjong ya zama Yarima Nosan kuma aka kai shi gudun hijira zuwa Yeongwol, yayin da matarsa ​​ta rasa matsayinta na sarauniya.Da farko, Sejo ya nuna rashin son aiwatar da kisan Danjong, amma yayin da ya fahimci dan uwansa a matsayin barazana mai dorewa, daga karshe ya ba da umarnin kashe Danjong a 1457. Mummunan karshen Danjong ya nuna wani muhimmin lokaci na rashin tausayi na siyasa a Daular Joseon.

Sejo na Joseon, wanda aka haifa Grand Prince Suyang, ya zama sarki na bakwai na Joseon bayan jerin abubuwan da suka faru bayan mutuwar Sarki Sejong a shekara ta 1450. Hawan sa kan karagar mulki ya hada da dabarun siyasa da kuma amfani da karfi.Bayan mutuwar Sejong, sarautar ta wuce ga ɗan'uwan Suyang da ke fama da rashin lafiya, Sarki Munjong, wanda ya mutu a shekara ta 1452. ƙaramin ɗan Munjong, Yi Hong-wi (daga baya Sarki Danjong), ya gaje shi amma ya yi ƙaranci don yin mulki yadda ya kamata.Tun farko dai babban dan majalisar jiha Hwangbo In da kansilan jihar hagu Kim Jong-seo ne ke rike da gwamnatin, yayin da Gimbiya Gyeonhye ta kasance mai kula da Danjong.Suyang da ya ga dama ya yi juyin mulki a shekara ta 1453, inda ya kashe Kim Jong-seo da bangarensa.Wannan matakin ya ba shi damar karbe ikon gwamnati.Daga baya ya kama kuma ya kashe ɗan'uwansa, Grand Prince Anpyeong, yana ƙara ƙarfafa ikonsa.A shekara ta 1455, Suyang ya tilasta wa Sarki Danjong yin murabus kuma ya ayyana kansa a matsayin mai mulki, yana mai suna Sejo.Mulkinsa ya shaida ƙarin gwagwarmayar mulki, gami da makircin da ƙanensa, Grand Prince Geumsung, da malamai da yawa suka yi don maido da Danjong kan karaga.Sejo ya mayar da martani ta hanyar sauke Danjong daga Sarki Emeritus zuwa Yarima Nosan sannan ya ba da umarnin a kashe dan uwansa.Duk da tashin hankalin da ke tattare da hawansa kan mulki, Sejo ya kasance mai mulki mai tasiri.Ya ci gaba da ba da ikon mulkin sarauta wanda Sarki Taejong ya fara, yana raunana Majalisar Jiha tare da yin iko sosai kan jami'an gwamnati.Ya haɓaka tsarin gudanarwa don ƙarin ingantattun ƙididdiga na yawan jama'a da tattara sojoji.Manufofinsa na kasashen waje sun kasance masu tayar da hankali, musamman a kan Jurchens a arewa.Sejo kuma ya ba da gudummawa ga rayuwar al'adu da ilimi na Joseon.Ya karfafa buga ayyukan tarihi, tattalin arziki, noma, da addini.Ya tattara littattafai da yawa, ciki har da Seokbosangjeol, tarihin Gautama Buddha.Sejo kuma ya yi nasara ga kiɗan Koriya a cikin al'adun sarauta, yana gyara abubuwan da mahaifinsa, King Sejong ya yi.Ɗaya daga cikin manyan gudunmawar da ya bayar ita ce tattara Grand Code for State Administration, daftarin tushe na dokar tsarin mulkin Koriya.Sejo ya mutu a shekara ta 1468, kuma ɗansa na biyu, Yejong na Joseon, ya gaje shi.An binne shi a Gwangneung da ke Namyangju a lardin Gyeonggi na Koriya ta Kudu.

Seongjong, wanda ya zama sarki na tara na Joseon yana da shekaru 12, da farko ya ga mulkinsa karkashin kulawar kakarsa Grand Royal Queen Dowager Jaseong, mahaifiyarsa Sarauniya Insu, da kuma innarsa Sarauniya Dowager Inhye.A shekara ta 1476, Seongjong ya fara gudanar da mulkin kansa.Mulkinsa, wanda ya fara a cikin 1469, lokaci ne na kwanciyar hankali da wadata, yana ginawa bisa tushen da magabatansa Taejong, Sejong, da Sejo suka kafa.An san Seongjong saboda ingantaccen jagoranci da ƙwarewar gudanarwa.Ɗaya daga cikin manyan nasarorin da ya samu ita ce kammalawa da aiwatar da babban kundin tsarin mulki na Jiha, wanda kakansa ya ƙaddamar.Hakanan mulkin Seongjong ya sami gagarumin ci gaba a cikin tsarin gidan sarauta.Ya fadada ofishin masu ba da shawara na musamman, tare da karfafa aikin wannan majalisa mai ba da shawara wanda kuma ke aiki a matsayin ɗakin karatu na sarauta da cibiyar bincike.Bugu da ƙari, ya ƙarfafa ofisoshi uku - Ofishin Sufeto-Janar, Ofishin Tace, da Ofishin masu ba da shawara na musamman - don tabbatar da daidaito da daidaito a cikin kotun.A kokarinsa na samar da ingantacciyar gwamnati, Seongjong ya nada kwararrun masu gudanar da mulki ba tare da nuna son kai ga alakarsu ta siyasa ba, inda ya kai malamai masu sassaucin ra'ayi a kotu.Mulkinsa ya ga sabbin abubuwa daban-daban da kuma buga littafai kan labarin kasa, da'a, da sauran batutuwa masu amfani ga jama'a.Mulkin Seongjong, duk da haka, bai kasance marar jayayya ba.Shawarar da ya yanke na kashe Lady Yun, ɗaya daga cikin ƙwaraƙwaransa waɗanda ya ɗaukaka su sarauniya, saboda ƙoƙarinta na kashe abokan hamayyarsa guba, daga baya zai ƙara rura wutar zaluncin magajinsa, Yeonsangun.Bugu da ƙari, Seongjong ya tilasta manufofin zamantakewa kamar "Hanyar Aure Bazawara" a cikin 1477, wanda ya hana 'ya'yan matan da suka sake yin aure rike mukamin gwamnati.Wannan manufar ta ƙarfafa ƙin jinin al'umma kuma tana da tasiri mai dorewa a zamantakewa.A cikin 1491, Seongjong ya kaddamar da yakin soji mai nasara a kan Jurchens a kan iyakar arewa, yana ci gaba da matsayin Joseon na soja a yankin.Seongjong ya mutu a cikin Janairu 1495 kuma dansa, Yi Yung, ya gaje shi, wanda ya zama Yeonsangun na Joseon.Kabarin Seongjong, Seonneung, yana cikin Seoul, inda daga baya matarsa ​​ta uku, Sarauniya Jeonghyeon ta tare shi.

Yeonsangun na Joseon, haifaffen Yi Yung a ranar 23 ga Nuwamba, 1476, shi ne mai mulki na goma na daular Joseon aKoriya , yana mulki daga 1494 zuwa 1506. Yawancin lokaci ana ɗaukar mulkinsa a matsayin mafi zalunci a tarihin Koriya.Da farko, Yeonsangun ya gaskata cewa shi ɗan Sarauniya Jeonhyeon ne.Bayan ya hau kan karagar mulki a shekara ta 1494, ya fara mulkinsa yadda ya kamata, inda ya mai da hankali kan tsaron kasa da taimakon talakawa.Duk da haka, halayensa na tashin hankali sun bayyana da wuri lokacin da ya kashe ɗaya daga cikin malamansa.Juyin mulki ya zo lokacin da Yeonsangun ya gano gaskiya game da mahaifiyarsa ta haihuwa.Kokarin da ya yi na maido mata da mukamanta ya samu sabani daga jami’an gwamnati, lamarin da ya sa ya rika jin haushin su.Wannan ya haifar da tsarkakewa na farko na Literati a cikin 1498, inda aka kashe da yawa daga cikin jami'an ƙungiyar Sarim sakamakon zargin cin amanar kasa ga Gim Il-son da mabiyansa.A cikin 1504, Tsarkake Littattafai na Biyu ya faru bayan Yeonsangun ya sami labarin mutuwar mahaifiyarsa dalla-dalla.Ya kashe mutanen da ya yi imanin cewa suna da hannu cikin zalunci, ciki har da ƙwaraƙwaran sarki da jami'ai, kuma ya ƙazantar da kabarin Han Myeong-hoe.Hukuncin Yeonsangun ya kai ga duk wanda ya kasance a cikin kotun a lokacin da mahaifiyarsa ke musgunawa.Mulkin Yeonsangun ya kara tabarbarewa yayin da ya mayar da cibiyoyin ilimi da na addini zuwa wuraren jin dadin jama'a, ya tilasta wa yara 'yan mata su nishadi, ya kori dubbai don gina wuraren farauta.Ayyukansa sun haifar da izgili da adawa.A mayar da martani, ya haramta amfani da Hangul kuma ya yi ƙoƙari ya wargaza addinin Buddha a Joseon.Manufofinsa na zalunci sun kai ga jami'an kotu, wanda ya kai ga soke manyan ofisoshin gwamnati.Mummunar mu'amalar da ya yi wa 'yan adawa, ciki har da Cif Eunuch Gim Cheo-sun, ya kara nuna mulkin kama-karya.A watan Satumba na shekara ta 1506, juyin mulkin da wasu gungun jami'ai suka jagoranta sun hambarar da Yeonsangun, inda suka maye gurbinsa da dan uwansa, Grand Prince Jinseong.An rage darajar Yeonsangun zuwa Yarima Yeonsan kuma aka kai shi gudun hijira zuwa Tsibirin Ganghwa, inda ya mutu bayan watanni biyu.An kashe kuyanginsa Jang Nok-su, wadda ta goyi bayan rashin mulkinsa, kuma an tilasta wa ’ya’yansa maza su kashe kansu.Ana tunawa da mulkin Yeonsangun a matsayin babban bambanci da zamanin mahaifinsa mafi sassaucin ra'ayi da kuma lokacin tsananin son zuciya a tarihin Koriya.

Jungjong, sarki na 11 na daular Joseon, ya hau kan karagar mulki a watan Satumba na shekara ta 1506 bayan saukar da dan uwansa, Yeonsangun.Hawansa kan karagar mulki ya yi matukar ban mamaki;Da farko ya gaskata cewa za a kashe shi, Jungjong ya zama sarki bayan da matarsa, Lady Shin (daga baya Sarauniya Dangyeong) ta rinjaye ta.A farkon mulkinsa, Jungjong ya kasance karkashin jagorancin shugaban majalisar gudanarwar kasar Hwangbo In da Janar Kim Jong-seo, da kuma 'yar uwarsa Gimbiya Gyeonhye, saboda karancin shekarunsa.Duk da haka, ba da daɗewa ba kawunsa, Grand Prince Suyang (daga baya Sarki Sejo), ya mamaye mulkinsa, wanda ya yi juyin mulki a shekara ta 1453, inda ya kashe wasu manyan jami'an gwamnati ciki har da Hwangbo In da Kim Jong-seo.Daya daga cikin muhimman ayyukan Jungjong shine rungumar sauye-sauyen da masani Jo Gwang-jo ya bullo da shi, wanda ke da nufin kawar da ragowar mulkin zalunci na Yeonsangun.Waɗannan gyare-gyare sun haɗa da sake buɗe Sungkyunkwan (Jami'ar sarauta) da Ofishin Tace.Jungjong ya fara tabbatar da ikonsa cikin 'yanci bayan mutuwar manyan jagororin juyin mulkin.Sake-sake na Jo Gwang-jo, bisa ra'ayoyin Neo-Confucian, ya inganta ikon cin gashin kan gida, da rarraba filaye mai adalci, da daukar ma'aikata masu basira ba tare da la'akari da matsayin zamantakewa ba.Wadannan sauye-sauyen, sun fuskanci adawa daga manyan masu ra'ayin mazan jiya.A shekara ta 1519, rikici na bangaranci ya kai ga kashe Jo Gwang-jo tare da kawo karshen shirye-shiryensa na gyara a cikin abin da aka sani da Tsarkake Littattafai na Uku (Gimyo Sahwa).Bayan haka, mulkin Jungjong ya cika da gumurzun mulki tsakanin bangarori daban-daban na masu ra'ayin mazan jiya, wadanda mata da ƙwaraƙwaran sarki suka rinjayi.Rikicin cikin gida a kotu da raunin ikon sarauta ya haifar da ƙara ƙalubale daga ƙasashen waje, ciki har da 'yan fashin teku na Japan da hare-haren Jurchen a kan iyakar arewa.Jungjong ya mutu a ranar 29 ga Nuwamba 1544 kuma babban ɗansa na gaskiya, Yarima Yi Ho (Injong), ya gaje shi, wanda ya mutu jim kaɗan ba tare da wata matsala ba.Daga nan ne sarautar ta wuce ga kanin Jungjong, Grand Prince Gyeongwon (Myeongjong).

A lokacin mulkin Sarki Myeongjong a Joseon, manyan kungiyoyin siyasa guda biyu ne suka yi yunkurin neman mulki: Greater Yun, karkashin jagorancin Yun Im, da Lesser Yun, karkashin jagorancin Yun Won-hyeong da Yun Won-ro.Ko da yake suna da alaƙa, waɗannan ɓangarori sun shiga gwagwarmaya mai zafi don samun rinjaye.Da farko, a cikin 1544, ƙungiyar Greater Yun ta yi fice a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Yun Im lokacin da Injong ya hau kan karagar mulki.Sai dai gazawarsu na kawar da 'yan adawar da Sarauniya Munjeong ke yi, ya sa suka koma baya.Bayan mutuwar Sarki Injong a shekara ta 1545, bangaren Yun mai karamin karfi, wanda Sarauniya Munjeong ke marawa baya, ya samu rinjaye.A shekara ta 1545 ne suka shirya tsaftar litattafai na hudu, wanda ya haifar da kisa ga Yun Im da da yawa daga cikin mabiyansa, lamarin da ya raunana bangaren Greater Yun sosai.Yun Won-hyeong ya hau kan karagar mulki a cikin karamar hukumar Yun ta sami karin share fagen siyasa.A shekara ta 1546, ya tsige dan uwansa Yun Won-ro, ya kuma kashe shi, ya kuma karfafa ikonsa, daga karshe ya zama shugaban majalisar jiha a shekara ta 1563. Duk da mugun mulkinsa, sarauniya Munjeong ta gudanar da mulkin da kyau, inda ta sake raba filaye ga talakawa.Mutuwar Sarauniya Munjeong a shekara ta 1565 ta kasance wani canji.Myeongjong, a lokacin yana dan shekara 20, ya fara tabbatar da mulkinsa.Ya kashe Yun Won-hyeong da matarsa ​​ta biyu, Jeong Nan-jeong, wadanda suka sami gagarumin tasiri ta hanyar alakar ta da sarauniya.Mulkin Yun Won-hyeong ya kasance mai cike da cin hanci da rashawa da rashin zaman lafiya na gwamnati, wanda ya haifar da mummunar barazana daga Jurchens, sojojinJapan , da tawaye na cikin gida.Myeongjong ya yi ƙoƙarin yin gyare-gyaren gwamnati ta hanyar maido da malaman Sarim da ke gudun hijira.Duk da haka, ya mutu a shekara ta 1567 ba tare da magaji namiji ba.Kanensa, Yi Gyun (daga baya Sarki Seonjo), Sarauniya Dowager Uiseong ta karbe shi don ya gaje shi.

Sarki Seonjo na Joseon, wanda ya yi mulki daga shekara ta 1567 zuwa 1608, ya mayar da hankali ne kan inganta rayuwar jama'a da sake gina kasa bayan cin hanci da rashawa da hargitsin mulkin Yeonsangun da Jungjong.Ya maido da martabar malaman da aka kashe bisa zalunci a baya kuma ya yi Allah wadai da miyagu miyagu.Seonjo ya sake fasalin tsarin jarrabawar ma'aikatan gwamnati don ya haɗa da siyasa da tarihi, samun girmamawa daga jama'a da kuma jin daɗin ɗan gajeren zaman lafiya.Duk da haka, mulkin Sarki Seonjo ya ga an samu rarrabuwar kawuna a siyasance, wanda ya haifar da rikicin Gabas da Yamma tsakanin 1575 zuwa 1592. Wannan rarrabuwar ta samo asali ne daga malaman da ya nada, wadanda suka rabu gida biyu: Faction Western masu ra'ayin mazan jiya karkashin jagorancin Sim Ui-gyeom. da kuma bangaren Gabas mai ra'ayin kawo sauyi karkashin jagorancin Kim Hyowon.Ƙungiyoyin Yamma sun fara samun tagomashi saboda haɗin gwiwar masarautar Sim da goyon baya daga manyan attajirai.Duk da haka, jinkirin da suka yi game da gyare-gyare ya haifar da haɓakar Bangaren Gabas.Wannan bangare ya kara rarrabuwar kawuna zuwa bangaren Arewa da na Kudancin kasar nan, suna da mabanbantan manufofin kawo sauyi.Wadannan rarrabuwar kawuna na siyasa sun raunana al'ummar kasar, musamman abin da ya shafi shirye-shiryen soja.Duk da gargadin da malamai masu tsaka-tsaki kamar Yi I suka yi game da yiwuwar barazanar Jurchens da Jafananci, ƙungiyoyin sun kasa ƙarfafa sojoji, suna imani da ci gaba da zaman lafiya.Wannan rashin shiri ya haifar da mummunan sakamako, saboda ya zo daidai da buri na Jurchins da Japanawa, wanda ya haifar da mummunan yakin shekaru bakwai da hawan daular Qing a kasar Sin.Sarki Seonjo ya fuskanci kalubale daga Jurchens a arewa da shugabannin Japan kamar Oda Nobunaga , Toyotomi Hideyoshi, da Tokugawa Ieyasu a kudu.Barazanar Japan ta karu bayan Hideyoshi ya hade Japan .Duk da haɓakar haɗarin, rikice-rikice na bangaranci a kotun Joseon ya hana amsa bai ɗaya.Wakilan da aka aika don tantance manufar Hideyoshi sun dawo da rahotanni masu karo da juna, lamarin da ya kara haifar da cece-kuce da rudani.Mamayewar 'yan Gabas a cikin gwamnati ya sa aka yi watsi da gargadi game da shirye-shiryen sojojin Japan.Wannan rikici na bangaranci, haɗe da tawaye na 1589 na Jeong Yeo-rip, sun ba da gudummawa sosai ga rashin shiri na Joseon don mamayewar Jafananci .

Yaƙin Imjin , wanda kuma aka sani da mamayar Japanawa na Koriya, ya faru tsakanin 1592 da 1598, wanda ya ƙunshi manyan mamayewa guda biyu.Toyotomi Hideyoshi naJapan ne ya fara wannan rikici, yana nufin ya ciKoriya (sa'an nan a ƙarƙashin daular Joseon) daSin (ƙarƙashin daular Ming ).Da farko Japan ta kwace yankuna da dama na Koriya, amma ta fuskanci koma baya saboda karfafawa Ming da kuma katsewar sojojin ruwa da sojojin ruwan Joseon suka yi.Wannan ya haifar da rashin jituwa, tare da yakin basasa na fararen hula na Koriya da batutuwan wadata da suka shafi bangarorin biyu.An kawo karshen mamayewar farko a shekara ta 1596, sannan tattaunawar zaman lafiya da bata yi nasara ba.Japan ta kaddamar da wani hari na biyu a shekara ta 1597, yana bin irin wannan tsari: nasarorin farko amma daga baya aka samu matsala a kudancin Koriya.Mutuwar Toyotomi Hideyoshi a shekara ta 1598, haɗe da ƙalubalen dabaru da matsin lamba daga Joseon, ya haifar da janyewar Japan da tattaunawar zaman lafiya ta gaba.Waɗannan mamayar sun kasance masu mahimmanci a cikin sikelin, wanda ya haɗa da sojojin Japan sama da 300,000, kuma sune mafi girman mamayewar teku har zuwa lokacin saukar Normandy a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu .

Kafin rasuwarsa, Sarki Seonjo ya nada Yarima Gwanghae a matsayin magajinsa.Duk da haka, Lyu Young-gyong na bangaren 'yan Arewa mafi ƙanƙanta ya ɓoye takardar sarauta tare da shirin naɗa Grand Prince Yeongchang a matsayin sarki.Jeong In-hong na bangaren manyan Arewa ne ya gano wannan makirci, wanda ya kai ga kashe Lyu tare da kama Yeongchang tare da aiwatar da hukuncin kisa.A matsayinsa na sarki, Gwanghae ya nemi hada kan bangarorin siyasa daban-daban a fadarsa, amma ya fuskanci adawa daga Manyan Arewa, ciki har da Yi I-cheom da Jeong In-hong.Wannan kungiya ta yi tsari ta cire ’ya’yan wasu bangarori, musamman ’yan Arewa masu karamin karfi.A cikin 1613, sun kai hari ga Grand Prince Yeongchang da kakansa Kim Je-nam, wadanda aka kashe su.Sarauniya Inmok, mahaifiyar Yeongchang, an cire mata mukaminta kuma aka tsare ta a shekara ta 1618. Gwanghae, duk da kasancewarsa shugaban gwamnati, bai da ikon shiga tsakani.Gwanghae ya kasance mai hazaka kuma mai aiwatar da mulki, yana mai da hankali kan sake gina kasa.Ya dauki nauyin maido da takardu, gyara dokokin filaye, sake raba filaye ga jama'a, sannan ya ba da umarnin sake gina fadar Changdeok da sauran manyan fada.Ya kuma sake dawo da tsarin gano hopae.A cikin manufofin kasashen waje, Gwanghae ya nemi daidaita dangantakar da ke tsakanin Masarautar Ming da Manchus, inda ya tura dakaru don taimakawa Ming a kan Manchus amma ya yi sulhu da Manchus bayan nasarar da suka samu.Ya sake buɗe kasuwanci tare da Japan a 1609 kuma ya maido da dangantakar diflomasiyya a 1617.A cikin gida, Gwanghaegun ya aiwatar da dokar Daedong don sauƙaƙe biyan haraji a lardin Gyeonggi, ya ƙarfafa bugawa, da kuma kula da rubuta muhimman ayyuka kamar littafin likita Dongui Bogam.An gabatar da taba ga Koriya a lokacin mulkinsa kuma ya zama sananne a cikin manyan sarakuna.Mulkin Gwanghaegun ya kare ne da tumbuke shi da bangaren Turawan Yamma suka yi a juyin mulkin da Kim Yu ya jagoranta a ranar 11 ga Afrilu, 1623. Da farko an tsare shi a tsibirin Ganghwa, daga baya kuma a tsibirin Jeju, inda ya rasu a shekara ta 1641. Ba kamar sauran sarakunan Joseon ba, bai yi ba. yana da makabartar sarauta, kuma an binne gawarsa a wani wuri mai ƙasƙanci a Namyangju, lardin Gyeonggi.Magajinsa, King Injo, ya aiwatar da manufofin goyon bayan Ming da na Manchu, wanda ya kai ga mamaye Manchu guda biyu.

A cikin 1623, ƙungiyar Turawan Yamma masu ra'ayin mazan jiya, karkashin jagorancin Kim Ja-jeom, Kim Ryu, Yi Gwi, da Yi Gwal, suka shirya juyin mulkin da ya hambarar da Sarki Gwanghaegun tare da tura shi gudun hijira a tsibirin Jeju.Wannan juyin mulki ya haifar da mutuwar Jeong In-hong da Yi Yicheom, kuma Turawan Yamma suka yi gaggawar maye gurbin Manyan Arewa a matsayin babban bangaren siyasa.Sun nada Injo a matsayin sabon Sarkin Joseon.To sai dai kuma mulkin Sarki Injo ya kasance na kabilanci, domin Turawan Yamma wadanda suka kitsa juyin mulkin ne ke rike da mafi yawan iko.A cikin 1624, Yi Gwal, yana jin cewa ba a yaba masa don rawar da ya taka a juyin mulkin, ya yi wa Sarki Injo tawaye.An nada shi a matsayin kwamandan soji a yankin arewa don yakar Manchus, Yi Gwal ya fahimci cewa sauran jagororin juyin mulkin na samun lada mai yawa.Ya jagoranci dakaru 12,000 da suka hada da sojojin Japan 100 da suka koma Joseon, ya kuma zarce zuwa babban birnin kasar Hanseong.A yakin Jeotan da ya biyo baya, sojojin Yi Gwal sun fatattaki sojojin da ke karkashin jagorancin Janar Jang Man, wanda hakan ya tilastawa Injo gudu zuwa Gongju tare da barin 'yan tawaye su kwace Hanseong.Daga nan Yi Gwal ya naɗa Yarima Heungan a matsayin sarkin tsana a ranar 11 ga Fabrairu, 1624. Duk da haka, wannan tawaye ba ta daɗe ba.Janar Jang Man ya dawo tare da karin sojoji inda ya yi galaba a kan dakarun Yi Gwal.An sake kama Hanseong, kuma mai tsaron lafiyarsa ya kashe Yi Gwal, wanda ke nuna ƙarshen tashin hankalin.Wannan tawaye ya nuna rashin ƙarfi na ikon sarauta a cikin Joseon kuma ya nuna ƙara ƙarfin ikon sarakuna.An dakatar da farfado da tattalin arzikin da aka fara a karkashin gwamnatin Gwanghaegun, lamarin da ya jefa Koriya cikin dogon lokaci na matsin tattalin arziki.

Mamayewar Jin daga baya na Joseon a cikin 1627, wanda Yarima Amin ya jagoranta, wani muhimmin lamari ne a tarihin Gabashin Asiya.Wannan mamayewa ya faru ne a matsayin ramuwar gayya ga masarautar Joseon saboda goyon bayan daular Ming a kan Jurchens a yakin Sarhū a 1619. Canje-canjen siyasa a Joseon, kamar tsige Sarki Gwanghaegun da nadin Sarki Injo, hade da na cikin gida. rigingimu da kyamar Jurchen, sun rinjayi shawarar yanke alaka da Later Jin.An fara mamayewa a watan Janairun 1627 tare da sojojin Jurchen mai dakaru 30,000 karkashin jagorancin Amin, Jirgalang, Ajige, da Yoto.Duk da tsananin tsayin daka a kan iyakar, wurare masu mahimmanci kamar Uiju, Anju, da Pyongyang cikin sauri sun fada hannun maharan.Daular Ming ta aika da taimako zuwa Joseon, amma bai isa ya dakatar da ci gaban Jurchen ba.Mamaya ya kawo karshen yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya a tsibirin Ganghwa, wanda ke nuna gagarumin sauyi a karfin ikon yanki.Sharuɗɗan yarjejeniyar sun buƙaci Joseon ya yi watsi da sunan Tianqi na zamanin Ming tare da yin garkuwa da mutane, yayin da ya yi alkawarin rashin keta yankuna tsakanin Jin da Joseon.Duk da waɗannan sharuɗɗan, Joseon ya ci gaba da kiyaye dangantakar sirri da daular Ming, wanda ya haifar da rashin gamsuwa daga jagorancin Jin.Mamaya na Jin, yayin da ya yi nasara, ya bayyana ma'aunin daidaiton iko da sarkakiyar dangantakar diflomasiyya a gabashin Asiya a lokacin.Sakamakon yakin ya yi tasiri mai dorewa a yankin.Jin daga baya, yana fuskantar matsalolin tattalin arziki, ya tilasta Joseon ya buɗe kasuwanni da canja wurin suzerainty na kabilar Warka zuwa Jin, tare da buƙatar manyan haraji.Wannan ƙaddamarwa ta haifar da dangantaka mai tsauri da rashin jin daɗi tsakanin Joseon da Daga baya Jin, tare da zurfafa bacin rai a Joseon ga Jurchens.Abubuwan da suka faru sun kafa matakin ci gaba da rikici, daga ƙarshe ya kai ga mamaye Qing na Joseon a 1636, kuma ya kawo ƙarshen tattaunawar zaman lafiya a fili tsakanin daular Ming da Jurchens.

Mamaya na Qing na Joseon ya faru ne a cikin hunturu na shekara ta 1636 lokacin da sabuwar daular Qing karkashin jagorancin Manchu ta mamaye daular Joseon, inda ta kafa matsayinta a matsayin cibiyar tsarin mulkin mallaka na kasar Sin da kuma yanke dangantakar Joseon da daular Ming .An fara mamayewa da mamayar daga baya Jin na Joseon a 1627.

Bayan mamaya dagaJapan da Manchuria, Joseon ya sami zaman lafiya na kusan shekaru 200.A waje, Joseon ya zama mai son ware kansa.Sarakunanta sun nemi takaita hulda da kasashen waje.

A shekara ta 1627, manufar Sarki Injo mai tsaurin ra'ayi game da daular Jin daga baya ya jagoranci yaki da JoseonKorea .A cikin 1636, bayan da Jin daga baya ya zama daular Qing , sun ci Joseon.An tilastawa sarki Injo yin alkawarin biyayya ga sarkin Qing, Hong Taiji, kuma ya rattaba hannu kan wata yarjejeniya a Samjeondo, wadda ta hada da tura 'ya'yansa, Yarima mai jiran gado Sohyeon da Hyojong, zuwakasar Sin a matsayin fursunoni.A lokacin da yake gudun hijira, Hyojong ya kare dan uwansa Sohyeon daga barazanar Qing kuma ya shiga yakin da ake yi da masu biyayya ga Ming da sauran kungiyoyi don kare Sohyeon, wanda shi ne magajin Joseon kuma ba shi da kwarewar soja.Mu'amalar Hyojong da Turawa a kasar Sin ta yi tasiri a kan ra'ayinsa game da bukatar ci gaban fasaha da soja a Joseon.Ya nuna bacin rai ga Qing saboda rawar da suka taka a yakin 1636 kuma ya shirya yakin arewa a kansu a matsayin ramuwar gayya.A shekara ta 1645, Yarima mai jiran gado Sohyeon ya koma Joseon don ya gaji Injo kuma ya jagoranci al'ummar.Duk da haka, tashe-tashen hankula da Injo, musamman kan yadda Sohyeon ya bude kofa ga al'adun Turai da ra'ayoyi kan diflomasiyyar Qing, ya haifar da tashin hankali.Sohyeon ya mutu a cikin yanayi mai ban mamaki, kuma an kashe matarsa ​​lokacin da ta nemi gaskiyar da ke bayan mutuwarsa.Injo ya ƙetare ɗan Sohyeon kuma ya zaɓi Grand Prince Bong Rim (Hyojong) a matsayin magajinsa.Bayan ya zama sarki a 1649, Hyojong ya fara gyare-gyaren soja da fadadawa.Ya cire jami'ai masu cin hanci da rashawa kamar Kim Ja-jeom, ya kuma gayyaci masu goyon bayan yaki da Qing, ciki har da Song Si-yeol da Kim Sang-heon.Ƙoƙarin sojan nasa ya haɗa da gina kagara a gefen kogin Yalu da kuma ɗaukar sabbin fasahohi, kamar muskets, tare da taimakon ma'aikatan jirgin ruwan Holland.Duk da wadannan shirye-shiryen, yakin da Hyojong ta shirya a arewacin Qing bai taba faruwa ba.Daular Qing ta kara karfi, ta hade da dimbin sojojin Han.Duk da haka, sojojin Joseon da aka yi wa kwaskwarima sun tabbatar da tasiri a cikin 1654 da 1658, suna taimaka wa Qing a kan mamayewar Rasha a yakin da ya nuna kwanciyar hankali na sojojin Joseon.Har ila yau, Hyojong ya mayar da hankali kan bunkasa aikin gona da ci gaba da kokarin sake ginawa wanda Gwanghaegun ya fara.Duk da waɗannan nasarorin, ya fuskanci matsananciyar damuwa daga ƙalubalen ciki da waje daban-daban kuma ya mutu a 39 a cikin 1659 daga rikice-rikicen da suka shafi ciwon sukari da raunin jijiya na wucin gadi.Yayin da tsare-tsaren cin nasararsa na arewa ba su cika ba, ana tunawa da Hyojong a matsayin shugaba mai sadaukarwa wanda ya yi ƙoƙari don ƙarfafawa da kare Joseon.

Rigimar Yesong ta kasance wani gagarumin rikici na siyasa a lokacin daular Joseon, wanda ya ta'allaka ne a kan bukukuwan jana'izar Sarki Hyojong, wanda ya mutu a shekara ta 1659. Muhawarar ta shafi bangaren yammacin turai, karkashin jagorancin Song Si-yeol, da kuma bangaren 'yan Kudu, karkashin jagorancin Heo Jeok. , kuma ya yi nuni da tsawon lokacin da Sarauniya Jangryeol, matar Sarki Injo ta biyu, ya kamata ta yi makoki don Hyojong.Turawan Yamma sun yi jayayya na zaman makoki na shekara guda, al'adar taki na biyu, yayin da 'yan Kudu suka ba da shawarar cewa a yi shekaru uku, wanda ke nuna matsayin Hyojong a matsayin magajin Sarki Injo.Sarki Hyeonjong, magajin Hyojong, daga karshe ya goyi bayan Turawan Yamma, inda ya aiwatar da zaman makoki na shekara guda.Koyaya, ya riƙe Heo Jeok a matsayin Firayim Minista don kiyaye daidaito da hana Turawan Yamma cin galaba a kan ikon sarauta.Wannan shawarar ta ɗan ɗan yi wa ɓangarorin biyu kwantar da hankula, amma taƙaddamar ta ci gaba da kasancewa.Batun ya sake kunno kai tare da mutuwar Sarauniya Inseon a shekara ta 1674. 'Yan Kudu da Yammacin Turai sun sake samun sabani game da zaman makoki, wannan karon ga Sarauniya Jaeui.Hyeonjong ya goyi bayan ’yan Kudu, wanda ya kai ga hawansu a matsayin babban bangaren siyasa.Rigimar ta ci gaba har bayan mutuwar Hyeonjong a shekara ta 1675 kuma magajinsa, Sarki Sukjong ne kawai ya sasanta shi, wanda ya hana ci gaba da muhawara kan lamarin.Rikicin ya shafi tarihin zamanin Hyeonjong, wanda ‘yan Kudu suka rubuta tun farko amma daga baya Turawan Yamma suka yi bita.A lokacin mulkin Hyeonjong, manyan abubuwan da suka faru sun haɗa da ficewar ɗan ƙasar Holland Hendrick Hamel dagaKoriya a shekara ta 1666. Rubutun Hamel game da abubuwan da ya faru a Koriya sun gabatar da daular Joseon ga masu karatu na Turai.Bugu da ƙari, Koriya ta yi fama da yunwa mai tsanani a 1670-1671, wanda ya haifar da wahala.Hyeonjong ya watsar da manyan tsare-tsaren da Hyojong ke da shi na mamaye arewacin kasar, tare da sanin karfin daular Qing .Ya ci gaba da fadada aikin soja da kokarin sake gina kasa da karfafa ci gaba a fannin ilmin taurari da bugu.Hyeonjong ya kuma kafa dokoki don hana aure tsakanin dangi da wadanda suke da sunayensu iri daya.Mulkinsa ya ƙare da mutuwarsa a shekara ta 1674, kuma ɗansa, Sarki Sukjong ya gaje shi.

Mulkin Sarki Sukjong a Joseon, wanda ya shafe daga shekara ta 1674 zuwa 1720, ya yi fama da rigingimun siyasa mai tsanani tsakanin bangarorin Kudanci da Yamma, da kuma gagarumin garambawul da ci gaban al'adu.A shekara ta 1680, Gyeongsin hwanguk ya ga shugabannin gungun kudanci Heo Jeok da Yun Hyu da ake zargi da cin amanar kasa daga bangaren yammacin duniya, wanda ya kai ga kisa da kuma kawar da kungiyar.Daga nan sai bangaren Yamma ya rabu zuwa bangaren Noron (Tsohon Ilmantarwa) da Soron (Sabon Ilmantarwa).Wani muhimmin canji ya faru lokacin da Sukjong ya kori Sarauniya Min (Sarauniya Inhyeon) don goyon bayan Consort Jang Hui-bin, wanda ya haifar da lamarin Gisa Hwanguk.Bangaren kudanci, dake goyon bayan Consort Jang da danta, sun sake samun mulki tare da aiwatar da wasu manyan jiga-jigan kungiyar kasashen yamma, ciki har da Song Si-yeol.A cikin 1694, a lokacin da Gapsul Hwanguk ya faru, ya canza goyon baya zuwa ga bangaren Yamma, ya kori Consort Jang tare da maido da Sarauniya Min.An kashe Consort Jang daga baya.Gwagwarmayar neman mukamin yarima mai jiran gado tsakanin Yi Yun mai goyon bayan Soron (dan Consort Jang) da Yarima Yeoning mai goyon bayan Noron (daga baya Yeongjo na Joseon) ya ci gaba.Mulkin Sukjong ya ga fitattun sauye-sauye na gudanarwa da tattalin arziki, gami da sake fasalin haraji da sabon tsarin kudin waje, inganta motsin jama'a da ci gaban yanki.A shekara ta 1712, gwamnatinsa ta hada kai da kasar Sin ta Qing don ayyana iyakar Joseon da Qing tare da kogin Yalu da Tumen.Ya kuma bunkasa noma da al'adu.Ba a warware tambayar magaji ba a mutuwarsa a shekara ta 1720. Duk da rashin bayanan hukuma, an yi imanin cewa Sukjong ya nada Yarima Yeoning a matsayin Gyeongjong na magajin Joseon.Wannan ya haifar da ƙarin share fage a cikin shekaru masu zuwa.Mulkin Sukjong ya ƙare bayan shekaru 46.Zamansa, duk da cewa akwai rikice-rikicen siyasa, ya ba da gudummawa sosai ga yanayin gudanarwa da al'adu na Joseon.

Bayan mutuwar Sarki Sukjong a shekara ta 1720, dansa Yi Yun, wanda aka fi sani da Yarima mai jiran gado Hwiso, ya hau karagar mulki a matsayin Sarki Gyeongjong yana da shekaru 31. A wannan lokacin, rashin wani mawallafin tarihi ko na rikodi a wurin mutuwar sarki Sukjong ya haifar da zato da bangaranci. rikice-rikice tsakanin bangarorin Soron da Noron.Mulkin Sarki Gyeongjong ya yi fama da rashin lafiya, wanda ya takaita ikonsa na gudanar da mulki yadda ya kamata.Bangaren Noron, sun fahimci rauninsa, suka matsa lamba kan nadin dan uwansa, Prince Yeoning (daga baya Sarki Yeongjo), a matsayin Yarima mai jiran gado don gudanar da al'amuran kasa.Wannan nadin ya faru ne kawai watanni biyu da mulkin Gyeongjong a cikin 1720.Akwai zargin cewa al'amuran lafiyar Gyeongjong na da nasaba da raunin da mahaifiyarsa, Lady Jang ta yi, wadda aka kashe ta hanyar guba a shekara ta 1701. An yi rade-radin cewa ta cutar da Gyeongjong da gangan, ta bar shi bakararre kuma ya kasa haifar da magaji.Mulkin Gyeongjong ya kara dagulewa saboda tsananin gwagwarmayar mulki, wanda ya haifar da gagarumin share fagen siyasa da aka fi sani da Shinimsahwa.Bangaren Soron, da ke goyon bayan Gyeongjong, sun yi amfani da lamarin don cin moriyarsu, inda suka zargi bangaren Noron da yunkurin juyin mulki.Hakan ya sa aka kori mambobin Noron daga mukamansu tare da kashe wasu da dama daga cikin shugabanninsu.Manyan kisan gilla guda biyu sun yi alamar mulkin Gyeongjong: Sinchuk-oksa da Imin-oksa, tare da ake kira Sinim-sahwa.Wadannan al'amura sun hada da bangaren Soron da ke tsarkake bangaren Noron, wadanda suka bayar da shawarar shigar Yarima Yeoning cikin al'amuran jihar saboda matsalolin lafiyar Gyeongjong.A lokacin mulkinsa, Sarki Gyeongjong ya bullo da wasu sauye-sauye, kamar samar da kananan bindigogi da aka yi koyi da makaman yammacin duniya da kuma yin gyare-gyaren auna filaye a yankunan kudancin kasar.Mutuwar Sarki Gyeongjong a 1724 ta haifar da ƙarin hasashe da cece-kuce.Wasu mambobin kungiyar Soron suna zargin Yarima Yeoning (Yeongjo) da hannu a mutuwar Gyeongjong, la'akari da yunƙurin da Norons suka yi a baya na ɗaga Yeoning kan karaga.

Sarki Yeongjo, sarki na 21 na daular Joseon, ya yi mulki kusan shekaru 52, wanda ya sa ya zama daya daga cikin sarakunan Koriya mafi dadewa kan karagar mulki.Mulkinsa, daga 1724 zuwa 1776, ya kasance da yunƙurin tabbatar da daular ta hanyar yin gyare-gyare da kuma gudanar da rigingimu na bangaranci, musamman tsakanin ƙungiyoyin Noron da Soron.An haifi Yeongjo ga wata karamar yarinya, ya fuskanci bacin rai da kalubalen siyasa saboda tarihinsa.Duk da haka, ana yi masa murna saboda jajircewarsa ga kimar Confucius da mulki.Mulkinsa ya sami ci gaba mai mahimmanci a cikin Confucianization da farfadowar tattalin arziki bayan rikice-rikice na ƙarshen 16th da farkon 17th.Manufar Tagpyeong na Yeongjo na da nufin rage fadace-fadace da kuma samar da hadin kan kasa.Ya mayar da hankali kan sake fasalin haraji don rage wa talakawa nauyi da kuma inganta kudaden jihar.Ɗaya daga cikin hukunce-hukuncen da ya fi jawo cece-kuce da ban tausayi shi ne kisan da aka yi wa dansa tilo, Yarima mai jiran gado Sado, a shekara ta 1762, wanda ya kasance batun muhawara da bakin ciki a tarihin Koriya.Shekarun farko na mulkin Yeongjo sun shaida Tawayen Yi In-jwa, wanda kawancen Namin ya ingiza shi kuma ya ware bangaren Soron.An kwantar da wannan tawaye, kuma aka kashe Yi In-jwa da iyalinsa.Daidaitaccen tsarin da Yeongjo ya yi game da daukar ma'aikata da gudanar da mulki na da nufin rage rigingimun bangaranci da inganta ingantaccen shugabanci.Mulkin Yeongjo ya ga ci gaban rayuwar tattalin arziki da al'adu a Joseon.Ya ba da goyon bayan bugu da rarraba muhimman litattafai a birnin Hangul, da suka hada da kasidu na noma, wanda ya kara habaka karatu da ilimi a tsakanin talakawa.Hanseong (Seoul na yau) ya bunƙasa a matsayin cibiyar kasuwanci, tare da haɓaka ayyukan ciniki da ƙungiyoyin guild.Rarraba jama'a na al'ada sun fara dushewa yayin da ƴan aristocrat na yangban da sauran jama'a suka tsunduma cikin kasuwanci.Har ila yau, gwamnatin Yeongjo ta shaida ci gaban fasaha, kamar yadda ake yawan amfani da na'urar na'urar na'ura mai kwakwalwa (Pluviometer) da manyan ayyukan jama'a.Manufofinsa sun inganta matsayin jama'a, inganta motsin zamantakewa da canji.Duk da nasarorin da ya samu, mulkin Yeongjo bai rasa nasaba da ƙalubalensa ba.Ya fuskanci matsalolin lafiya a tsawon rayuwarsa kuma shi ne sarki na farko da ya yi yaƙi da tasirin Roman Katolika a Koriya , ya hana shi a hukumance a shekara ta 1758. Mulkin Yeongjo ya ƙare da mutuwarsa a shekara ta 1776, kuma ya bar gado na wani sarki da ya ƙoƙarta don samun daidaito. da gudanar da mulkin dan Adam yayin da ake tafiyar da sarkakiyar siyasar kotu da sauyin zamantakewa.

Sarki Jeongjo, sarki na 22 na daular Joseon, ya yi mulki daga shekara ta 1776 zuwa 1800 kuma an san shi da kokarin kawo gyara da inganta al'umma.Da yake jaddada tausayawa da jama'arsa, Jeongjo ya mayar da martani ga bala'o'i kamar fari da cutar kyanda, da samar da magungunan jama'a da kuma gudanar da ayyukan ruwan sama.A siyasance, Jeongjo ya ci gaba da manufofin Tagpyeong na kakansa King Yeongjo, da nufin rage bangaranci da girmama mahaifinsa, Yarima mai jiran gado Sado.Ya bayyana kansa a matsayin ɗan Sado bayan ya hau kan karagar mulki kuma ya tura kotu zuwa Suwon don ya kasance kusa da kabarin mahaifinsa, yana gina Hwaseong Fortress don kare kabarin.Mulkin Jeongjo ya fuskanci barazana daga bangarori na cikin gida, musamman bangaren Noron.A cikin 1776, ya dakile juyin mulkin soja karkashin jagorancin 'yan kabilar Noron Hong Sang-beom da Hong Kye-neung.Ya kashe masu laifin amma ya kasa tsige Hong Guk-yeong, babban jigo a siyasance, don hana tattara iko a cikin iyali guda.Jeongjo ya gabatar da Changyongyeong, wani rukunin masu gadin sarauta, kuma ya dauki hafsa ta hanyar jarrabawar gasa, inda ya maye gurbin Naekeunwe maras amana.Wannan mataki na daya daga cikin kokarin da ya yi na sarrafa siyasar kasa da inganta ci gaba.gyare-gyaren al'adu da ilimi sun kasance mahimmanci a mulkin Jeongjo.Ya kafa Kyujanggak, ɗakin karatu na sarauta, don haɓaka matsayin Joseon na al'adu da siyasa da ɗaukar hafsoshi masu ƙwazo.Ya kuma dage takunkumin da aka yi wa mukaman gwamnati, inda ya baiwa mutane daga wurare daban-daban damar yin hidima.Jeongjo ya kasance babban mai goyon bayan bil'adama da Neo-Confucianism, yana aiki tare da malaman Silhak kamar Jeong Yak-yong da Pak Ji-won.Mulkinsa ya ga bunƙasar shaharar al'adun Joseon.Ya fifita bangarorin Soron da Namin akan bangaren Noron masu rinjaye don kafa daidaiton iko da karfafa ikon sarauta.A cikin 1791, Jeongjo ya kafa Shinhae Tonggong (dokar ciniki ta kyauta), ta ba da izinin tallace-tallacen kasuwa a buɗe da soke dokar Gumnanjeonguoun, wacce ta taƙaita shiga kasuwa ga wasu ƙungiyoyin 'yan kasuwa.Wannan yunkuri na da nufin rage wa al'umma matsalolin tattalin arziki.Mutuwar Jeongjo ba zato ba tsammani a cikin 1800 yana da shekaru 47 ya bar yawancin ayyukansa ba su cika ba.Mutuwarsa ta kasance a ɓoye a ɓoye, tare da hasashe da littattafai masu yawa da aka sadaukar don yanayin da ke kewaye da shi.Sarki Sunjo, dansa na biyu, ya gaje shi, ya auri Lady Kim na dangin Andong, wanda Jeongjo ya shirya kafin mutuwarsa.

Sarki Sunjo, sarki na 23 na daular Joseon, ya yi mulki daga 1800 zuwa 1834. An haife shi a matsayin Yarima Yi Gong, ya hau karagar mulki yana dan shekara 10 bayan rasuwar mahaifinsa, Sarki Jeongjo.A cikin 1802, yana da shekaru 13, Sunjo ya auri Lady Kim, wanda bayan mutuwarsa ya zama Sarauniya Sunwon.Ita ce 'yar Kim Jo-sun, fitaccen jigo a dangin Andong Kim.Saboda kuruciyarsa, Sarauniya Dowager Jeongsun, sarauniya ta biyu ta Sarki Yeongjo, ta fara sarauta a matsayin sarauniya.Tasirinta yana da mahimmanci a farkon lokacin mulkin Sunjo, yana tasiri magani da matsayin Lady Hyegyeong, kakar Sunjo.Duk da kokarin da Sunjo ya yi daga baya, ya kasa dawo da martabar Lady Hyegyeong gabaki daya, wanda ke da sarkakiya sakamakon mutuwar maigidanta, Yarima mai jiran gado Sado, a zamanin Sarki Yeongjo.Mulkin Sarki Sunjo ya sha fama da tabarbarewar siyasa da cin hanci da rashawa, musamman a harkokin gudanar da ma’aikatan gwamnati da tsarin jarabawar jiha.Wannan hargitsi ya ba da gudummawa ga rikice-rikicen al'umma da tashe-tashen hankula da yawa, gami da gagarumin tawaye da Hong Gyeong-nae ya jagoranta a 1811-1812.A lokacin mulkin Sunjo, an aiwatar da Ogajaktongbeop, tsarin rajistar ƙidayar jama'a wanda ya haɗa gidaje biyar a matsayin raka'a ɗaya, kuma an ƙara zalunci ga Roman Katolika .Mulkin Sarki Sunjo, wanda ya shafe shekaru 35, ya ƙare da mutuwarsa a shekara ta 1834 yana da shekaru 44.

Heonjong na Joseon, sarki na 24 na daular Joseon, ya yi sarauta daga 1834 zuwa 1849. An haifi Yi Hwan ga Gimbiya Jo da Crown Prince Hyomyeong, Haihuwar Heonjong na da alamun kyawawan halaye, ciki har da mafarkin da ya shafi bishiyar da aka sassaƙa da kuma cranes da ke tashi. kewaye fadar.Mahaifinsa, Yarima mai jiran gado Hyomyeong, wanda bayan mutuwarsa mai suna Munjo na Joseon, ya mutu da wuri, ya bar Heonjong ya gaji sarauta. Ya hau kan karagar mulki yana da shekaru 7 bayan mutuwar kakansa King Sunjo, Heonjong ya zama sarki mafi ƙanƙanta a tarihin Joseon.Kakarsa, Sarauniya Sunwon, wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin sarauniya ce ta kula da mulkinsa na farko.Duk da haka, ko da ya kai girma, Heonjong ya yi gwagwarmaya don yin amfani da ikon siyasa a kan masarautar.Tasirin dangin Andong Kim, dangin Sarauniya Sunwon, ya karu sosai a lokacin mulkin Heonjong, musamman bayan zaluncin Gihae mai adawa da Katolika na 1839. Mallakar dangin a cikin harkokin kotu ya mamaye mulkin Heonjong.Har ila yau, mulkin Heonjong ya ga ginin Nakseonjae a cikin Fadar Changdeok, wanda ya keɓe don yin amfani da ƙwarƙwararsa, Kim Gyeong-bin.Mulkin sarki Heonjong ya ƙare da mutuwarsa a shekara ta 1849 yana da shekaru 21, bayan yana mulki na shekaru 15.Mutuwar tasa ba tare da magaji ba ta kai ga sarautar ta wuce zuwa ga sarki Cheoljong, zuriyar sarki Yeongjo mai nisa.

Sarki Cheoljong na Joseon, sarki na 25, ya yi sarauta daga 1852 har zuwa mutuwarsa a 1864. An haife shi a 1831, jikan Sarki Sunjo ne.Mahaifinsa, Yarima mai jiran gado Hyomyeong, wanda aka fi sani da Munjo na Joseon, ya mutu kafin ya hau kan karagar mulki.Cheoljong ya auri Lady Kim, wacce aka fi sani da Sarauniya Cheorin bayan mutuwarta, kuma ta kasance memba na dangin Andong Kim mai iko.A lokacin mulkinsa, Sarauniya Sunwon, kakar Cheoljong, da farko ta yi tasiri sosai kan harkokin jihohi.Kabilar Andong Kim, wacce Sarauniya Sunwon da Sarauniya Cheorin ta kasance, sun ci gaba da gudanar da harkokin siyasa a duk lokacin mulkin Cheoljong, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama sarkin tsana.Mulkin Cheoljong ya ga muhimman al'amura da ƙalubale da dama.Ya tausaya wa jama’a, musamman a lokacin da aka yi fama da fari a shekara ta 1853, kuma ya yi yunkurin gyara tsarin jarabawa na cin hanci da rashawa, amma da karancin nasara.Har ila yau, mulkinsa ya kasance alamar tawaye a Jinju, lardin Gyeongsang a cikin 1862, wanda ke nuna rashin gamsuwa da kuma tabarbarewar al'amura a masarautar.Mulkin Cheoljong ya zo daidai da karuwar hulɗar ƙasashen waje da kutsawa.Musamman ma, jiragen ruwa na Turai da na Amurka suna fitowa akai-akai a cikin yankin ruwan Joseon, wanda ke haifar da al'amura da dama, ciki har da harin bam da wani jirgin ruwa na waje da ba a san shi ba a gundumar Uljin da isowar jiragen ruwan Faransa da Amurka.Duk da manufofin keɓancewa a hukumance, addinin Katolika ya bazu a Joseon a lokacin mulkin Cheoljong, tare da karuwar adadin Kiristoci da Faransawa mishan a babban birnin.Mutuwar Cheoljong a shekara ta 1864 yana da shekaru 32 ya kawo karshen zuriyarsa akan karagar mulki.Ba tare da magaji namiji ba, magajin ya zama rigima.Yi Jae-hwang, ɗa na biyu na Yarima Heungseon (daga baya Heungseon Daewongun) da Lady Min, Cheoljong ya fifita shi don maye gurbinsa.Koyaya, an yi jayayya da wannan zaɓi a cikin kotun, musamman daga dangin Andong Kim.Daga karshe, Sarauniya Sinjeong, mahaifiyar Sarki Heonjong, ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen daukar Yi Jae-hwang tare da sanar da shi a matsayin sabon sarki, Gojong na Koriya.Shigar Gojong ya nuna mafarin tasirin Heungseon Daewongun a masarautar.

Gojong, haifaffen Yi Myŏngbok, shi ne sarki na farko naKoriya , yana mulki daga 1864 zuwa 1907. Mulkinsa ya nuna sauyi daga daular Joseon zuwa daular Koriya, tare da Gojong ya zama sarki na farko.Ya yi sarauta a matsayin sarki na ƙarshe na Joseon har zuwa 1897 sannan kuma a matsayin sarki har sai da aka tilasta masa yin murabus a 1907.Mulkin Gojong ya zo daidai da lokacin tashin hankali a tarihin Koriya, wanda ke da saurin sauye-sauye da kuma mamaye kasashen waje.Da farko an yi masa rawani yana da shekaru goma sha biyu a shekara ta 1863, ya kasance ƙarƙashin mulkin mahaifinsa Heungseon Daewongun da mahaifiyarsa Sunmok Budaebuin har zuwa 1874. A wannan lokacin, Koriya ta ci gaba da kasancewa na keɓewa na al'ada, sabanin yadda Japan ta samu ci gaba cikin sauri a ƙarƙashin Meiji Restoration.A shekara ta 1876, Japan ta tilastawa Koriya ta bude kasuwancin waje, ta fara dogon tsari na mayar da Koriya a karkashin tasirinta.Wannan lokacin ya ga manyan al'amura da dama, ciki har da abin da ya faru na 1882 Imo, juyin mulkin Gapsin na 1884, Tawayen Makiyaya na 1894-1895 Donghak, da kuma kisan matar Gojong, Empress Myeongseong, a cikin 1895. Waɗannan abubuwan sun haɗu sosai tare da shigar ikon ƙasashen waje. .Gojong ya yi ƙoƙari ya sabunta da ƙarfafa Koriya ta hanyar gyara Gwangmu, yana mai da hankali kan inganta aikin soja, masana'antu, da ilimi.Duk da haka, gyare-gyaren nasa ya fuskanci suka saboda rashin isa, wanda ya haifar da rikici da kungiyoyi irin su Ƙungiyar Independence.Bayan yakin farko na Sin da Japan (1894-1895),kasar Sin ta yi asarar dogon lokaci a kan Koriya.A cikin 1897, Gojong ya yi shelar kafa daular Koriya, inda ya ayyana 'yancin kai na Koriya tare da daukaka kansa zuwa sarki.Wannan yunƙurin, duk da haka, ya ta'azzara tashin hankali daJapan .

Ziyarar da Faransa ta yi zuwa Koriya wani balaguron hukunci ne a shekara ta 1866 da Daular Faransa ta biyu ta yi domin ramuwar gayya ga kisan gillar da Koriya ta yi wa wasu mishan na Katolika na Faransa a baya.Ganawar da aka yi a tsibirin Ganghwa ta shafe kusan makonni shida.Sakamakon ya kasance koma baya na Faransa, da kuma duba tasirin Faransa a yankin.Ganawar ta kuma tabbatar da Koriya ta ware tsawon shekaru goma, har sai daJapan ta tilasta mata bude kasuwanci a 1876 ta hanyar yarjejeniyar Ganghwa.

Balaguron Amurka zuwa Koriya, wanda Koreans suka sani da Shinmiyangyo (신미양요: 辛未洋擾, lit. "Raunin Yamma a Shinmi (1871) Shekara") ko kuma kawai balaguron Koriya, a 1871, shine farkon sojojin Amurka. aiki a Koriya.A ranar 10 ga watan Yuni, kimanin Amurkawa 650 suka sauka tare da kame ganuwa da dama, inda suka kashe sojojin Koriya sama da 200 tare da asarar sojojin Amurka uku kacal.Koriya ta ci gaba da kin yin shawarwari da Amurka har zuwa 1882.

Juyin Juyin Juya Halin Ƙauyen Donghak (1894-1895) a Koriya ya kasance gagarumin boren ƙauyen ƙauye, wanda ƙungiyar Donghak ta yi tasiri, wanda ke adawa da fasaha da akidar Yammacin Turai.An fara ne a Gobu-gun saboda manufofin zalunci na Jo Byeong-gap, wanda aka nada a 1892. Tawayen da Jeon Bong-jun da Kim Gae-nam suka jagoranta, ya fara ne a cikin Maris 1894 amma Yi Yong-tae ya murkushe shi da farko. .Daga nan sai Jeon Bong-jun ya tara sojoji a Dutsen Paektu, ya sake kwato Gobu, ya kuma yi nasara a yakin Hwangtojae, da yakin kogin Hwangryong.'Yan tawayen sun mamaye sansanin Jeonju, wanda ya kai ga hari da kuma yarjejeniyar Jeonju ta gaba a cikin Mayu 1894, ta kafa taƙaice, rashin kwanciyar hankali.Bukatar gwamnatin Koriya ta neman taimakon soji daga daular Qing ta kara dagula al'amura, lamarin da ya kai ga yakin farko tsakanin Sin da Japan bayan da Japan ta ji cin amana da matakin da Qing ya dauka na bai daya, wanda ya saba wa yarjejeniyar Tientsin.Wannan yakin ya nuna raguwar tasirin da Sinawa ke yi a Koriya da kuma yunkurin karfafa kai a kasar Sin.Yayin da tasirin Jafananci a Koriya ya karu, 'yan tawayen Donghak, sun damu game da wannan ci gaba, sun shirya a Samrye daga Satumba zuwa Oktoba.Sun kafa rundunar hadin gwiwa, inda suka kaiwa Gongju hari da wata runduna daban-daban da aka ruwaito.Duk da haka, 'yan tawayen sun sha kashi a yakin Ugeumchi da kuma yakin Taein.Tawayen ya ci gaba har zuwa farkon 1895, amma a lokacin bazara, an kama yawancin shugabannin 'yan tawaye kuma aka kashe su a yankin Honam.

Yakin farko na Sin da Japan (25 ga Yuli 1894 - 17 Afrilu 1895) rikici ne tsakanin daular Qing na kasar Sin da daularJapan musamman kan tasiri a Koriya ta Joseon.Bayan fiye da watanni shida na nasarorin da sojojin ruwa na Japan da na ruwa suka yi ba tare da karyewa ba, da kuma asarar tashar jiragen ruwa ta Weihaiwei, gwamnatin Qing ta kai karar neman zaman lafiya a watan Fabrairun 1895.

Zaman Joseon ya bar babban gada ga Koriya ta zamani;yawancin al'adun Koriya ta zamani, da'a, ƙa'idodi, da halayen al'umma game da al'amuran yau da kullun, tare da yaren Koriya ta zamani da yarukanta, sun samo asali daga al'adu da al'adun Joseon.Hakanan an kafa tsarin mulkin Koriya ta zamani da sassan gudanarwa a lokacin Joseon.