Masarautar Goryeo

A ƙarshen karni na 7, Masarautar Silla ta haɗu da Masarautu uku naKoriya kuma ta shiga wani lokaci da aka sani a tarihin tarihi a matsayin "Later Silla" ko "Unified Silla".Daga baya Silla ya aiwatar da manufofin ƙasa na haɗa Baekje da 'yan gudun hijirar Goguryeo da ake kira "Haɗin kai na Samhan", yana nufin Masarautu uku na Koriya.Koyaya, ƴan gudun hijirar Baekje da Goguryeo sun riƙe haƙƙoƙin gama-garin su kuma sun ci gaba da nuna bacin rai da ƙiyayya ga Silla.Daga baya Silla da farko ya kasance wani lokaci na zaman lafiya, ba tare da mamayewar kasashen waje guda ba tsawon shekaru 200, da kasuwanci, yayin da yake gudanar da kasuwancin kasa da kasa daga nesa kamar Gabas ta Tsakiya da kuma kiyaye jagorancin teku a gabashin Asiya.Tun daga ƙarshen karni na 8, daga baya Silla ya sami rauni ta rashin kwanciyar hankali saboda rikice-rikicen siyasa a babban birnin kasar da kuma tsaurin ra'ayi a cikin tsarin kashin kashin, wanda ya haifar da rauni na gwamnatin tsakiya da haɓakar "hojok" (호족; 豪族) ) sarakunan yanki.Jami'in soja Gyeon Hwon ya farfado da Baekje a cikin 892 tare da zuriyar 'yan gudun hijirar Baekje, kuma dan addinin Buddah Gung Ye ya farfado da Goguryeo a cikin 901 tare da zuriyar 'yan gudun hijirar Goguryeo;Ana kiran wadannan jahohin "Baekje daga baya" da "Goguryeo daga baya" a tarihin tarihi, kuma tare da Later Silla sun samar da "Masarautu uku daga baya".

Daga cikin zuriyar 'yan gudun hijirar Goguryeo akwai Wang Geon, memba na fitaccen hojok na teku da ke Kaesong, wanda ya samo asali daga zuriyarsa zuwa babban dangi na Goguryeo.Wang Geon ya shiga aikin soja a karkashin Gung Ye yana dan shekara 19 a shekara ta 896, kafin daga baya aka kafa Goguryeo, kuma a cikin shekarun da suka wuce ya tara jerin nasarori a kan Later Baekje kuma ya sami amincewar jama'a.Musamman, ta yin amfani da damarsa ta ruwa, ya ci gaba da kai hari ga bakin tekun Later Baekje kuma ya mamaye muhimman wurare, ciki har da Naju.Gung Ye na zamani ba shi da kwanciyar hankali da zalunci.A cikin 918, Janar Gung Ye ya sauke shi daga mukaminsa, kuma Wang Geon ya hau kan karagar mulki.Wang Geon, wanda bayan mutuwarsa za a san shi da sunan haikalinsa na Taejo ko "Babban Mahaifiyarsa", ya canza sunan mulkinsa zuwa "Goryeo", ya karɓi sunan zamanin "Wajibi na Sama", kuma ya mayar da babban birnin zuwa gidansa. ta Kaesong.Goryeo ya ɗauki kansa a matsayin magajin Goguryeo kuma ya ɗage da'awar Manchuria a matsayin gadon da ya dace.Ɗaya daga cikin hukunce-hukuncen farko na Taejo shi ne sake yawan jama'a da kuma kare tsohuwar babban birnin Goguryeo na Pyongyang, wanda ya daɗe da rugujewa;bayan haka, sai ya canza mata suna "Babban birnin Yamma", kuma kafin ya rasu ya ba ta muhimmanci a cikin Hukunce-hukunce Goma ga zuriyarsa.

Bayan halaka Balhae da daular Khitan Liao ta yi a shekara ta 927, yarima mai jiran gado na Balhae na ƙarshe da yawancin masu mulki sun nemi mafaka a Goryeo, inda Taejo ta yi musu maraba da ba su ƙasa.Bugu da kari, Taejo ya hada da yarima mai jiran gado na Balhae a cikin gidan sarautar Goryeo, tare da hada kan jihohin Goguryeo guda biyu da suka gaje su, kuma a cewar masana tarihi na Koriya, sun sami “haɗin kai na gaskiya” na Koriya.A cewar Goryeosa jeolyo, 'yan gudun hijirar Balhae da suka raka yarima mai jiran gado sun kai dubun dubatar gidaje.Ƙarin gidaje 3,000 na Balhae sun zo Goryeo a cikin 938. 'Yan gudun hijirar Balhae sun ba da gudummawar kashi 10 na yawan mutanen Goryeo.A matsayinsu na zuriyar Goguryeo, mutanen Balhae da daular Goryeo suna da alaƙa.Taejo ya ji ƙaƙƙarfan dangi da Balhae, yana kiranta da "ƙasar danginsa" da "ƙasar aure", kuma ya kare 'yan gudun hijirar Balhae.Taejo ya nuna ƙiyayya mai ƙarfi ga Khitans waɗanda suka halaka Balhae.Daular Liao ta aike da wakilai 30 tare da rakuma 50 a matsayin kyauta a shekara ta 942, amma Taejo ta kori wakilan zuwa wani tsibiri tare da yunwar rakuman karkashin wata gada, abin da ake kira "Hatsarin Gadar Manbu".

Sarkin Silla na ƙarshe, Gyeongsun, ya miƙa wuya ga Wang Geon sarkin Goryeo.Taejo cikin alheri ya yarda da sarautar sarkin Silla na ƙarshe kuma ya haɗa ajin mulkin Later Silla.A cikin 935, babban ɗansa ya cire Gyeon Hwon daga kursiyinsa saboda rikicin da ya biyo baya kuma aka ɗaure shi a Haikali na Geumsansa, amma ya tsere zuwa Goryeo bayan watanni uku kuma tsohon magajin nasa ya karɓe shi.A cikin shekara mai zuwa, bisa roƙon Gyeon Hwon, Taejo da Gyeon Hwon sun ci nasara daga baya Baekje tare da runduna ta sojoji 87,500, wanda ya kawo ƙarshen lokacin Sarautu uku na ƙarshe.

Bayan "Wakilin Gadar Manbu" na 942, Goryeo ya shirya kansa don rikici da Masarautar Khitan: Jeongjong ya kafa rundunar ajiyar sojoji na sojoji 300,000 da ake kira "Sojoji masu ban sha'awa" a 947, kuma Gwangjong ya gina sansani a arewacin kogin Chongchon, yana fadadawa. wajen kogin Yalu.

Fashewar tsaunin Paektu a shekara ta 946 a Koriya da China, wanda kuma aka fi sani da fashewar Millennium ko Tianchi, ya kasance daya daga cikin fitattun duwatsu masu aman wuta a tarihin da aka rubuta kuma an ware shi a matsayin taron VEI 7.Fashewar ta haifar da wani ɗan gajeren lokaci na gagarumin sauyin yanayi a Manchuria.Ba a ƙayyade shekarar fashewa ba, amma shekara mai yiwuwa ita ce 946 CE.

Gwangjong ya hau karagar mulki a ranar 13 ga Afrilu, 949. Gyaran da ya fara yi shi ne dokar ‘yantar da bayi a shekarar 956. Iyalan masu daraja suna da bayi da yawa, galibi fursunonin yaki, wadanda suka yi aiki a matsayin sojoji masu zaman kansu;Sun fi na kowa girma, ba sa biyan haraji ga kambi, amma ga dangin da suke yi wa aiki.Ta hanyar 'yantar da su, Gwangjong ya mayar da su jama'a, yana raunana ikon iyalai masu daraja, da samun mutanen da suke biyan haraji ga sarki kuma suna iya zama cikin sojojinsa.Wannan gyare-gyaren ya samu goyon bayan al'umma a gwamnatinsa, yayin da masu fada aji ke adawa da ita;Hatta sarauniya Daemok ta yi kokarin hana sarkin ganin yadda doka ta shafi danginta, amma abin ya ci tura.

A lokacin mulkin Gwangjong, an kafa cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya da aka fi sani da Daebi-won, wadanda ke ba da magunguna kyauta ga marasa lafiya a Kaesong da Pyongyang, daga baya aka fadada a cikin larduna a matsayin Hyeminguk (sashen kula da lafiyar jama'a).Taejo ya kafa rumbun ajiyar kaya na yanki don fuskantar lokutan fari, kuma Gwangjong ya kara da jewibo, shagunan da ke karbar kudi kan lamunin hatsi, wadanda aka yi amfani da su don rashin taimako.Waɗannan matakan, ko da a cikin gyare-gyare, sun ci gaba da aiki har tsawon shekaru 900 masu zuwa, daidai da ingantattun hanyoyin noma don ci gaba da haɓakar yawan jama'a.

A shekara ta 957, an aika malami Shuang Ji zuwa Goryeo a matsayin manzo, kuma bisa shawararsa, Gwangjong ya kafa jarrabawar aikin gwamnati a shekara ta 958, da nufin korar jami'an da suka samu mukaman kotu saboda tasirin iyali ko kuma suna ba bisa cancanta ba. .Jarabawar, bisa jarrabawar Tang ta ma'aikatan gwamnati da kuma na gargajiya na Confucian, an bude shi ga dukan maza masu 'yanci don ba kowa, ba kawai masu arziki da masu mulki ba, damar yin aiki ga jihar ba, amma a aikace kawai 'ya'yan maza. gentry zai iya samun ilimin da ya dace don yin jarrabawa;dangin sarauta na manyan mukamai biyar, maimakon haka, an bar su da gangan.A shekara ta 960, sarki ya gabatar da launuka daban-daban don tufafin kotu don bambanta jami'ai na matsayi daban-daban.Manyan jarrabawa sun kasance na adabi, kuma sun zo cikin nau'i biyu: gwajin abun ciki (jesul eop), da gwajin ilimin gargajiya (myeonggyeong eop).Ana gudanar da wadannan gwaje-gwaje a hukumance duk bayan shekaru uku, amma a aikace an saba yin su a wasu lokuta ma.An yi kallon gwajin abun da aka yi a matsayin mafi daraja, kuma an raba wadanda suka yi nasara zuwa maki uku.A daya bangaren kuma, ba a tantance wadanda suka yi nasara a jarrabawar gargajiya ba.A cikin daular, wasu maza 6000 ne suka yi jarrabawar tantancewa, yayin da kusan 450 ne kawai suka samu nasarar cin jarrabawar gargajiya.

A cikin 982, Seongjong ya karɓi shawarwarin a cikin abin tunawa da masanin Confucian Choe Seung-ro ya rubuta kuma ya fara ƙirƙirar gwamnati irin ta Confucian.Choe Seung-ro ya ba da shawarar cewa Seongjong zai iya kammala gyare-gyaren Sarki Gwangjong, Sarkin Goryeo na hudu, wanda ya gada daga Taejo na Goryeo.Taejo ya jaddada Confucian "Classic of History wanda ya bayyana cewa ya kamata Sarkin sarakuna ya fahimci wahalar manoma kuma kai tsaye ya fuskanci wahalarsu.Seongjong ya bi wannan ka'ida kuma ya kafa manufar da gwamnatin tsakiya ta nada jami'an gundumomi, kuma an tattara dukkan makamai masu zaman kansu don mayar da su cikin kayan aikin noma.Seongjong ya tashi don kafa jihar Goryeo a matsayin masarautun Confucian tsakiya.A cikin 983, ya kafa tsarin mok goma sha biyu, ƙungiyoyin gudanarwa waɗanda suka mamaye mafi yawan sauran lokacin Goryeo, kuma ya aika da malamai zuwa kowane ɗayan mok don kula da ilimin gida, a matsayin hanyar haɗakar da ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙasa a cikin tsarin mulkin Goryeo. sabon tsarin mulki.An koyar da hazikan ‘ya’yan sarakunan kasar domin su ci jarrabawar aikin gwamnati da nada su mukaman gwamnati a babban birnin kasar.

Yakin Goryeo-Khitan na farko ya kasance rikici ne na karni na 10 tsakanin daular Goryeo ta Koriya da daular Liao ta kasar Sin karkashin jagorancin Khitan a kusa da iyakar da ke tsakanin China da Koriya ta Arewa.A shekara ta 993, daular Liao ta mamaye iyakar Goryeo a arewa maso yamma tare da sojojin da kwamandan Liao ya ce sun kai 800,000.Sun tilasta Goryeo ya kawo karshen dangantakarta da daular Song, ta zama jihar Liao ta kasar kuma ta rungumi kalandar Liao.Tare da yarjejeniyar Goryeo na waɗannan buƙatun, sojojin Liao sun janye.Daular Liao ta ba Goryeo izinin shigar da filin da ke kan iyakar jihohin biyu, wanda kabilun Jurchen suka mamaye da ke damun Liao, har zuwa kogin Yalu.Duk da matsugunin, Goryeo ya ci gaba da tattaunawa da daular Song, bayan da ya karfafa kariyarsa ta hanyar gina sansani a cikin sabbin yankunan arewa da aka samu.

Goryeo ita ce kasar Koriya ta farko da ta fara fitar da tsabar kudinta.Daga cikin tsabar kudi da Goryeo ya fitar, irin su Dongguk Tongbo, Samhan Tongbo, da Haedong Tongbo, an san bambance-bambancen kusan ɗari.Tsabar kudi sun kasa samun amfani da yawa, yayin da aka yi amfani da kuɗin azurfa har zuwa ƙarshen Goryeo.A cikin 996, Seongjong na Goryeo ya haƙa tsabar ƙarfe don yin ciniki da Khitans, waɗanda ke amfani da tsabar ƙarfe.Wataƙila an fitar da tsabar kuɗi don haɓaka haɗin kai.Kamar yadda za a iya kafawa, ba a rubuta tsabar baƙin ƙarfe ba.Gwamnati ta yi ƙoƙari da yawa don inganta amfani da tsabar kudi maimakon kuɗaɗen kayayyaki.

Lokacin da sarki Seongjong ya mutu a shekara ta 997, daular Liao ta saka wa magajinsa Wang Song a matsayin sarkin Goryeo (King Mokjong, r. 997-1009).A cikin 1009, sojojin Janar Gang Jo sun kashe shi.Yin amfani da shi a matsayin hujja, Liao ya kai wa Goryeo hari a shekara mai zuwa.Sun yi rashin nasara a yaƙin farko amma sun ci na biyu, kuma aka kama Gang Jo aka kashe su.Liao ya mamaye kuma ya kona babban birnin Goryeo Kaesong, amma sarkin Goryeo ya riga ya tsere zuwa Naju.Sojojin Liao sun janye daga bisani Goryeo ya yi alkawarin sake tabbatar da dangantakarsu da daular Liao.Ba a iya kafa kafa ba da kuma guje wa harin da sojojin Groyeo da suka sake haduwa suka yi musu, sojojin Liao sun janye.Bayan haka, Sarkin Goryeo ya kai ƙarar neman zaman lafiya, amma sarkin Liao ya bukace shi da ya zo da kansa kuma ya keɓe manyan yankunan kan iyaka;Kotun Goryeo ta ki amincewa da wannan bukatu, wanda ya haifar da kiyayya a tsakanin kasashen biyu, a tsawon shekaru goma, inda bangarorin biyu suka karfafa kan iyakokinsu a shirye-shiryen yaki.Liao ya kai hari Goryeo a shekarun 1015, 1016, da 1017, amma sakamakon bai kai ga gaci ba.

Tun daga lokacin rani na shekara ta 1018, daular Liao ta gina wata gada ta rafin Yalu.A watan Disamba na shekarar 1018, sojojin Liao 100,000 da ke karkashin jagorancin Janar Xiao Baiya suka tsallaka gadar zuwa yankin Goryeo, amma wani harin kwantan bauna da sojojin Goryeo suka yi musu.Sarki Hyeonjong ya ji labarin mamayewa, kuma ya umarci sojojinsa su yi yaƙi da mahara Liao.Janar Gang Gam-chan, wanda tun yana jami'in gwamnati ba shi da wani gogewa na soja, ya zama kwamandan sojojin Goryeo na mutane kusan 208,000 (har yanzu Liao yana da fa'ida, har ma ya zarce 2 zuwa 1, tunda galibin sojojin Liao suna hawa. yayin da Koreans ba su kasance ba), kuma suka yi tattaki zuwa Kogin Yalu.Dakarun na Liao sun tunkari Kaesong, babban birnin kasar, amma dakarun da ke karkashin jagorancin Janar Gang Gam Chan suka fatattake su.

A lokacin yakin neman zabensu, Janar Gang Gam-chan ya datse kayayyakin da sojojin na Liao ke amfani da su tare da muzguna musu ba kakkautawa.Da gajiyawa, sojojin Liao suka yanke shawarar komawa arewa cikin gaggawa.Da yake sa ido kan motsin dakarun nasu, Janar Gang Gam-chan ya kai musu hari a kusa da Gwiju, inda ya kawo karshen nasara ga daular Goryeo.An rarraba sojojin Liao da suka mika wuya a cikin lardunan Goryeo kuma sun zauna a keɓe da al'ummomin da ke gadi.Waɗannan fursunonin an daraja su ne saboda ƙwarewarsu ta farauta, yanka, fata, da fata.A cikin 'yan ƙarnuka masu zuwa, sun samo asali zuwa ajin Baekjeong, waɗanda suka zo su zama mafi ƙasƙanci na mutanen Koriya.Bayan yakin, tattaunawar zaman lafiya ta biyo baya kuma daular Liao ba ta sake mamaye Koriya ba.Koriya ta Kudu ta shiga cikin dogon lokaci da kwanciyar hankali tare da makwabtanta na ketare a kogin Yalu.Nasarar da aka samu a yakin Kuju ana daukarta a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan nasarori uku na soji (sauran nasarorin shine yakin Salsu da yakin Hansando) a tarihin Koriya.

Bayan Yaƙin Goryeo-Khitan, an kafa daidaiton iko a Gabashin Asiya tsakanin Goryeo, Liao, da Song.Tare da nasarar da ya samu a kan Liao, Goryeo ya kasance da kwarin gwiwa kan iya aikin soja kuma ya daina damuwa da barazanar sojan Khitan.Zamanin zinare na Goryeo ya dau kusan shekaru 100 zuwa farkon karni na 12 kuma lokaci ne na kasuwanci, ilimi, da nasara na fasaha.Babban birnin ya kasance cibiyar kasuwanci da masana'antu, kuma 'yan kasuwan sun kirkiro daya daga cikin tsarin farko na tsarin shiga biyu a duniya, wanda ake kira sagae chibubeop, wanda aka yi amfani da shi har zuwa 1920. Goryeosa ya rubuta zuwan 'yan kasuwa daga Larabawa a 1024. , 1025, da 1040, da kuma daruruwan 'yan kasuwa daga Song kowace shekara, farawa a cikin 1030s.An sami ci gaba a cikin bugu da bugawa, yada ilimin falsafa, adabi, addini, da kimiyya.Goryeo ya buga littattafai sosai kuma ya shigo da su, kuma a karshen karni na 11, ya fitar da littattafai zuwa kasar Sin;Daular Song ta rubuta dubban littattafan Koriya.Mulkin Munjong, daga 1046 zuwa 1083, ana kiransa da "Sarkin Zaman Lafiya" kuma ana ɗaukarsa lokaci mafi wadata da kwanciyar hankali a tarihin Goryeo.Munjong ya sami yabo sosai kuma an kwatanta shi da "mai tausayi" da "tsarki" a cikin Goryeosa.Bugu da kari, ya samu abin koyi na bunkasar al'adu a Goryeo.

Cheolli Jangseong kuma yana nufin katangar dutse da aka gina tun daga shekarar 1033 zuwa 1044, a zamanin daular Goryeo, a zirin Koriya ta Arewa.Wani lokaci ana kiransa Goryeo Jangseong ("Babban bangon Goryeo"), tsayinsa ya kai kusan 1000, kuma kusan ƙafa 24 a tsayi da faɗinsa.Ya haɗa katangar da aka gina a lokacin mulkin sarki Hyeonjong.Sarki Deokjong ya umurci Yuso da ya gina kariyar don mayar da martani ga kutsawar Khitan na arewa maso yamma da Jurchen na arewa maso gabas.An kammala shi a zamanin sarki Jeongjong.Ya gudu daga bakin kogin Yalu zuwa kusa da Hamheung na Koriya ta Arewa a yau.Ragowar har yanzu suna nan, gami da ŏiju da Chŏngp'yŏng.

Jurchens a arewacin Goryeo sun kasance suna ba da girmamawa ga sarakunan Goryeo bisa ga al'ada kuma suna kiran Goryeo "ƙasar iyayensu", amma sakamakon shan kashin da Liao ya yi a shekara ta 1018, kabilar Wanyan ta Heishui Mohe ta haɗa ƙabilar Jurchen tare da samun ƙarfi.A cikin 1102, Jurchen ya yi barazanar kuma wani rikici ya fito.A shekara ta 1107, Janar Yun Gwan ya jagoranci wata sabuwar rundunar da aka kafa, runduna ta kusan mutane 17,000 da ake kira Byeolmuban, ya kai hari kan Jurchen.Ko da yake yakin ya dau shekaru da yawa, an ci Jurchen daga karshe, suka mika wuya ga Yun Gwan.Don tunawa da nasarar, Janar Yun ya gina garu tara zuwa arewa maso gabas na kan iyaka.A cikin 1108, duk da haka, sabon sarki, King Yejong, ya ba Janar Yun umarnin janye sojojinsa.Saboda magudin da kotu ta yi daga bangarorin da ke adawa da shi ya sa aka sauke shi daga mukaminsa.Bangarorin 'yan adawa sun yi yaki don tabbatar da cewa an mayar da sabbin sansanonin ga Jurchen.

Jurchens a yankin Kogin Yalu sun kasance ƴan gudun hijirar Goryeo tun zamanin mulkin Wang Geon, wanda ya yi kira gare su a lokacin yaƙe-yaƙe na zamanin masarautu uku, amma Jurchens sun yi mubaya'a tsakanin Liao da Goryeo sau da yawa, suna cin gajiyar tashin hankalin da ke tsakanin. kasashen biyu.Yayin da ma'auni na iko a kan iyakar Liao-Goryeo ke motsawa, Jurchens, wadanda ke zaune a kusa da iyakar tsakanin jihohin biyu, sun fara fadada ikonsu.A ƙarshe, a cikin 1115, sarkin Jurchen Wányan Āgǔdǎ ya kafa daular Jin a Manchuria, kuma ya fara kai hari ga daular Liao.A shekara ta 1125, sojojin Jin sun kama Sarkin Tianzuo na Liao tare da taimakon daular Song, wanda ya karfafawa daular Jin kwarin gwiwa da fatan samun yankunan da suka rasa a hannun Liao a da.Ragowar dangin sarki Liao sun gudu zuwa tsakiyar Asiya, inda suka kafa daular Liao ta Yamma.Yawancinsu an tilasta musu mika wuya ga daular Jin.

Gidan Yi na Inju ya auri mata da sarakuna tun daga zamanin Munjong zuwa Sarki na 17, Injong.A ƙarshe gidan Yi ya sami iko fiye da sarki kansa.Wannan ya kai ga juyin mulkin Yi Ja-gyeom a shekara ta 1126. Ya ci tura, amma ikon sarki ya yi rauni;Goryeo ya sha yakin basasa tsakanin manyan mutane.

a cikin 1125 Jin ya halaka Liao, wanda shine suzerain Goryeo, ya fara mamaye Song.Dangane da sauye-sauyen yanayi, Goryeo ya ayyana kansa a matsayin jihar Jin a shekara ta 1126. Bayan haka, an sami zaman lafiya kuma Jin bai taba mamaye Goryeo ba.

A lokacin mulkin sarki Injong na Goryeo, Myo Cheong ya yi jayayya cewa Koriya ta yi rauni da manufofin Confucius.Ra'ayinsa ya ci karo da Kim Bu-sik, masanin Confucius mai ra'ayin China.A cikin ma'auni mafi girma, wannan yana wakiltar gwagwarmayar da ke gudana tsakanin ƙungiyoyin Confucian da Buddha a cikin al'ummar Koriya.A wannan lokacin ne jihar Jurchen da aka tsara ke matsa lamba kan Goryeo.Rikicin da Jurchens ya samu wani bangare ne saboda rashin raina da Goryeo ya yi wa sabuwar gwamnatin da aka kafa da kuma musgunawa wakilanta (watau kashe su da wulakanta gawarsu).Da yake cin gajiyar halin da ake ciki, Myo Cheong ya yi niyyar kai hari ga Jurchens kuma mayar da babban birnin kasar zuwa Pyongyang zai tabbatar da nasara.A ƙarshe, Myo Cheong ya jagoranci tawaye ga gwamnati.Ya koma Pyongyang, wanda a lokacin ake kira Seo-gyeong (西京, "Babban birnin Yamma"), kuma ya ayyana kafa sabuwar jiharsa ta Daewi.A cewar Myo Cheong, Kaesong ya "rasa kyawawan dabi'u."Wannan ya sa Pyongyang ya zama wuri mai kyau don farfaɗo da daular da ake tsammani.A ƙarshe, babban malami Kim Bu-sik ya murkushe tawayen.

Samguk sagi rikodin tarihi ne na masarautun Koriya uku: Goguryeo , Baekje da Silla.Samguk sagi an rubuta shi ne da harshen Sinanci na gargajiya, rubutaccen yaren mutanen Koriya ta dā, kuma Sarkin Goryeo Injong na Goryeo ne ya ba da umarnin haɗa shi kuma jami'in gwamnati da ɗan tarihi Kim Busik (金富軾) da ƙungiyar ƙananan malamai ne suka yi.An kammala shi a cikin 1145, sananne ne a Koriya a matsayin tarihin tarihin Koriya mafi dadewa.

A shekara ta 1170, wasu gungun hafsoshin soja karkashin jagorancin Jeong Jung-bu, Yi Ui-bang da Yi Go suka kaddamar da juyin mulki kuma suka yi nasara.Sarki Uijong ya tafi gudun hijira kuma an dora Sarki Myeongjong a kan karagar mulki.Ingancin iko, duk da haka, ya kasance tare da jerin janar-janar da suka yi amfani da rukunin gadi da aka sani da Tobang don sarrafa kursiyin: mulkin soja na Goryeo ya fara.A cikin 1179, matashin Janar Gyeong Dae-seung ya hau kan karagar mulki ya fara yunkurin maido da cikakken ikon masarautar tare da kawar da cin hanci da rashawa a jihar.

Choe ya shiga aikin soja kamar mahaifinsa, kuma ya kasance Kanar har ya kai shekaru 35, lokacin da ya zama Janar.Ya shiga Majalisar Yaki yana da shekaru 40. Choe ya yi aiki a karkashin mulkin kama-karya na soja a zamanin Sarki Myeongjong.Lokacin da na ƙarshe na waɗannan masu mulkin kama-karya, Yi Ui-min, ke mulki, Choe da ɗan'uwansa Choe Chung-su (최충수) suka jagoranci runduna ta sirri kuma suka ci nasara da Yi da Majalisar Yaƙi.Daga nan Choe ya maye gurbin Myeongjong mai rauni da Sarki Sinjong, kanin Myeongjong.A cikin shekaru 61 masu zuwa, gidan Choe ya yi mulki a matsayin masu mulkin soja, yana rike da Sarakuna a matsayin sarakunan tsana;Choe Chung-heon ya gaje shi da dansa Choe U, da jikansa Choe Hang da babban jikansa Choe Ui.

A cikin 1231, Ögedei Khan ya ba da umarnin mamaye Koriya .Gogaggun sojojin Mongol an sanya su ƙarƙashin jagorancin Janar Saritai.Sojojin Mongol sun tsallaka kogin Yalu kuma cikin sauri sun tabbatar da mika wuya ga garin Uiju da ke kan iyaka.Mongols sun kasance tare da Hong Bok-won, maciyin Goryeo janar.Choe Woo ya tattara sojoji da yawa kamar yadda zai yiwu a cikin sojojin da suka ƙunshi yawancin sojoji, inda suka yi yaƙi da Mongols a duka Anju da Kuju (Kusong na yau).Mongols sun dauki Anju;duk da haka an tilasta musu ja da baya bayan da aka killace Kuju.Wasu daga cikin sojojin Mongol sun kai har zuwa Chungju a yankin tsakiyar Koriya;duk da haka, rundunar bayi karkashin jagorancin Ji Gwang-su ta dakatar da ci gabansu inda sojojinsa suka yi yaki har suka mutu.Ganin cewa da faduwar babban birnin Goryeo ya kasa yin tir da maharan Mongol, Goryeo ya kai karar neman zaman lafiya.Akwai manyan kamfen guda shida: 1231, 1232, 1235, 1238, 1247, 1253;tsakanin shekara ta 1253 zuwa 1258, Mongols karkashin Janar Jalairtai Qorchi na Möngke Khan sun kaddamar da hare-hare guda hudu a kan kasar Koriya tare da hasarar rayukan fararen hula a duk fadin yankin Koriya.

Asalin soju ya samo asali ne tun a karni na 13 Goryeo, lokacin da aka gabatar da fasahar distilling na Levantine zuwa yankin Koriya a lokacin mamayar Mongol na Koriya (1231-1259), na Yuan Mongols wadanda suka sami dabarar distilling arak daga Farisa. a lokacin mamayewarsu na Levant, Anatoliya, da Farisa.An kafa wuraren sayar da magunguna a kewayen birnin Gaegyeong, babban birnin lokacin (Kaesong na yanzu).A cikin kewayen Kaesong, ana kiran soju arak-ju.Andong soju, tushen kai tsaye na nau'in soju na Koriya ta Kudu na zamani, ya fara ne yayin da aka samar da barasa a gida a birnin Andong, inda tushen kayan aikin Yuan Mongol ya kasance a wannan zamani.

A cikin 1232, Choe Woo, shugaban mulkin soja na Goryeo na lokacin, ya yi watsi da roƙon Sarki Gojong da da yawa daga cikin manyan jami'an gwamnatinsa, ya ba da umarnin a ƙaura da Kotun Sarauta da galibin al'ummar Gaesong daga Songdo zuwa Tsibirin Ganghwa a Bay na Gyeonggi. , kuma ya fara gina manyan kariyar tsaro don shiryawa barazanar Mongol.Choe Woo ya yi amfani da raunin farko na Mongols, tsoron teku.Gwamnati ta umurci kowane jirgi da jirgin ruwa don jigilar kayayyaki da sojoji zuwa tsibirin Ganghwa.An kwashe mutanen ba zato ba tsammani sai sarki Kojong da kansa ya kwana a wani masauki a tsibirin.Gwamnati ta kara ba wa talakawa umarnin guduwa daga karkara su fake a manyan birane, manyan tsaunuka, ko kuma tsibiran da ke kusa da teku.Tsibirin Ganghwa da kansa ya kasance kagara mai ƙarfi na tsaro.An gina ƙananan garu a gefen tsibirin tsibirin kuma an gina katanga biyu a kan tsaunin Dutsen Munsusan.Mongols sun nuna rashin amincewa da matakin kuma nan da nan suka kaddamar da hari na biyu .Sojojin Mongol sun kasance karkashin jagorancin wani mayaudari daga Pyongyang mai suna Hong Bok-won kuma Mongols sun mamaye da yawa daga Arewacin Koriya.Duk da cewa sun isa wasu sassan kudancin kudancin kasar, amma Mongols sun kasa kwace tsibirin Ganghwa, wanda ke da nisan mil kadan daga gabar teku, kuma aka fatattake su a Gwangju.Shugaban Mongol na can Saritai, dan zuhudu Kim Yun-hu ne ya kashe shi a cikin tsananin juriyar farar hula a yakin Cheoin kusa da Yongin, wanda ya tilastawa Mongols sake janyewa.

An buga Sangjeong yemun da nau'in karfe mai motsi tsakanin 1234 zuwa 1241. Yi Gyu-bo ya rubuta rubutun a madadin Choi Yi wanda ya nuna yadda aka buga wannan littafi da nau'in karfe mai motsi.Bayanan Masarautar Goryeo sun nuna cewa babban ƙoƙarin bugawa, Sangjeong Gogeum Yemun (waɗanda aka rubuta a rubuce) an buga shi da ƙarfe na ƙarfe a kusan shekara ta 21 na sarautar Sarki Gojong na daular Goryeo (kimanin 1234 CE).Wani babban wallafe-wallafen, Nammyongcheonhwasang - Songjungdoga (Wa'azin zamanin Waƙar Buddhist Firist Nammyongvhon) an buga shi da nau'in ƙarfe na simintin gyare-gyare a cikin shekara ta 26 ta sarautar sarki Gojong (1239 CE).

A cikin 1235, Mongols sun fara yaƙin neman zaɓe wanda ya lalata sassan Gyeongsang da Jeolla.Juriyar farar hula ta yi ƙarfi, kuma Kotun Sarauta a Ganghwa ta yi ƙoƙarin ƙarfafa kagararta.Goryeo ya ci nasara da dama amma sojojin Goryeo da rundunonin adalai sun kasa jure raƙuman mamaya.Bayan da Mongols suka kasa daukar ko dai Tsibirin Ganghwa ko manyan katangar tsaunin Goryeo, Mongols sun fara kona gonakin Goryeo a kokarin kashe jama'a.Lokacin da wasu kagara suka mika wuya, Mongols sun kashe duk wanda ya yi tsayayya da su.A cikin 1238, Goryeo ya tuba kuma ya kai ƙara don zaman lafiya.Mongols sun janye, a maimakon yarjejeniyar Goryeo na aika dangin sarki a matsayin garkuwa.Koyaya, Goryeo ya aika da wani memba na layin Royal mara alaƙa.Sun fusata, Mongols sun bukaci share tekuna daga jiragen ruwan Koriya, da mayar da kotun zuwa babban yankin, da mikawa jami'an adawa da Mongol, da kuma, dangin sarauta a matsayin garkuwa.A mayar da martani, Koriya ta aika wata gimbiya mai nisa da ’ya’yan manyan mutane goma.

A cikin 1247, Mongols sun fara yaƙin neman zaɓe na huɗu akan Goryeo, suna sake neman dawo da babban birnin Songdo da dangin sarki a matsayin garkuwa.Güyük ya aika Amuqan zuwa Koriya kuma Mongols sun yi sansani a kusa da Yomju a watan Yuli 1247. Bayan da sarkin Gojong na Goryeo ya ƙi ya ƙaura babban birninsa daga tsibirin Ganghwa zuwa Songdo, sojojin Amuqan sun yi wa Koriya ta Arewa fashi.Da mutuwar Güyük Khan a shekara ta 1248, Mongols sun sake janyewa.Amma hare-haren Mongol ya ci gaba har zuwa 1250.

Tripiṭaka Koreana tarin Koriya ne na Tripiṭaka (nassosin Buddha, da kalmar Sanskrit don "kwando uku"), wanda aka sassaƙa akan tubalan bugu na katako 81,258 a ƙarni na 13.Ita ce mafi ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙa'idar addinin Buddha a cikin rubutun Hanja, ba tare da wasu kurakurai da aka sani ba a cikin haruffa 52,330,152 waɗanda aka tsara cikin taken sama da 1496 da kundin 6568.Kowane shingen katako yana da tsayin santimita 24 da tsayin santimita 70.Kaurin tubalan ya kai daga santimita 2.6 zuwa 4 kuma kowanne yana auna kimanin kilogiram uku zuwa hudu.Shingayen katakon zai kai kusan tsayin tsaunin Baekdu mai nisan kilomita 2.74 idan aka tattara su kuma za su auna tsawon kilomita 60 idan aka jera su, kuma suna auna nauyin ton 280 gaba daya.Katangar itacen suna cikin tsattsauran yanayi ba tare da yaƙe-yaƙe ko nakasu ba duk da an ƙirƙira su fiye da shekaru 750 da suka wuce.

Bayan hawan Möngke Khan na 1251, Mongols sun sake maimaita bukatunsu.Möngke Khan ya aika da wakilai zuwa Goryeo, inda ya sanar da nadin sarauta a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1251. Ya kuma bukaci a gayyaci Sarki Gojong a gabansa da kansa, kuma a dauke shi hedikwatarsa ​​daga tsibirin Ganghwa zuwa yankin Koriya.Amma kotun Goryeo ta ki tura sarkin saboda tsohon sarkin bai iya tafiya zuwa yanzu ba.Möngke ya sake aika wakilansa da takamaiman ayyuka.Wakilan sun samu kyakkyawar tarba daga jami'an Goryeo amma kuma sun yi suka da cewa sarkinsu bai bi umarnin mai gidansa Möngke ba.Möngke ya umurci yarima Yeku ya umarci sojoji da su yaki Koriya.Duk da haka, wani ɗan Koriya a kotun Möngke ya rinjaye su su fara yaƙin neman zaɓe a watan Yuli 1253. Yeku, tare da Amuqan, sun bukaci kotun Goryeo ta mika wuya.Kotun ta ki yarda amma ba ta yi tsayayya da Mongols ba kuma ta tattara manoma a cikin kagara da tsibirai.Yin aiki tare da kwamandojin Goryeo da suka shiga Mongols, Jalairtai Qorchi ya lalata Koriya.Lokacin da ɗaya daga cikin wakilan Yeku ya isa, Gojong da kansa ya same shi a sabon fadarsa da ke Sin Chuan-bug.Daga karshe Gojong ya amince ya mayar da babban birnin kasar zuwa babban yankin kasar, ya kuma aika da dansa Angyeong a matsayin garkuwa.Mongols sun amince da tsagaita wuta a cikin Janairu 1254.

Daga baya Mongols sun fahimci cewa manyan jami'an Goryeo sun kasance a tsibirin Ganghwa, kuma sun hukunta wadanda suka yi shawarwari da Mongols.Tsakanin 1253 zuwa 1258, Mongols karkashin Jalairtai sun kaddamar da hare-hare guda hudu a yakin karshe na nasara da Koriya.Möngke ya gane cewa wanda aka yi garkuwa da shi ba yariman na daular Goryeo ba ne.Don haka Möngke ya zargi kotun Goryeo da yaudararsa tare da kashe dangin Lee Hyeong, wanda wani Janar din Koriya ne mai goyon bayan Mongol.Kwamandan Möngke Jalairtai ya lalata yawancin Goryeo kuma ya kama mutane 206,800 a shekara ta 1254. Yunwa da rashin bege sun tilasta wa manoma mika wuya ga Mongols.A cikin watan Satumba na 1255, Mongke Khan ya sake aika da wata babbar runduna tare da Prince Yeongnyeong da Hong Bok-won, wanda Jalaltai ya yi garkuwa da shi a matsayin kyaftin, kuma suka taru a Gapgot Daedan (甲串岸) kuma suka nuna karfin gwiwa don kai farmaki tsibirin Ganghwa. .Duk da haka, Kim Sugang (金守剛), wanda ya tafi Mongolia, ya yi nasarar shawo kan Mongke Khan, kuma Mongols sun janye daga Goryeo.

Daga baya Mongols sun fahimci cewa manyan jami'an Goryeo sun kasance a tsibirin Ganghwa, kuma sun hukunta wadanda suka yi shawarwari da Mongols.Tsakanin 1253 zuwa 1258, Mongols karkashin Jalairtai sun kaddamar da hare-hare guda hudu a yakin karshe na nasara da Koriya.Möngke ya gane cewa wanda aka yi garkuwa da shi ba yariman na daular Goryeo ba ne.Don haka Möngke ya zargi kotun Goryeo da yaudararsa tare da kashe dangin Lee Hyeong, wanda wani Janar din Koriya ne mai goyon bayan Mongol.Kwamandan Möngke Jalairtai ya lalata yawancin Goryeo kuma ya kama mutane 206,800 a shekara ta 1254. Yunwa da rashin bege sun tilasta wa manoma mika wuya ga Mongols.Sun kafa ofishin chiliarchy a Yonghung tare da jami'an yankin.

Da yake ba da umarnin ƙetare don gina jiragen ruwa, Mongols sun fara kai hari kan tsibirin bakin teku daga 1255 zuwa gaba.A cikin yankin Liaodong, Mongols daga ƙarshe sun tara masu sauya sheka daga Koriya zuwa cikin gidaje 5,000.Mongke Khan ya sake shigar da wata babbar runduna tare da Yarima Yeongnyeong da Hong Bok-won, wadanda Jalaltai ya yi garkuwa da su a matsayin kyaftin, suka taru a Gapgot Daedan kuma suka nuna kwarin guiwar kai hari a tsibirin Ganghwa.Duk da haka, Kim Sugang, wanda ya tafi Mongolia, ya yi nasara wajen shawo kan Mongke Khan, kuma Mongols sun janye daga Goryeo.

A cikin 1258, Sarkin Goryeo Gojong kuma daya daga cikin masu rike da dangin Choe, Kim Injoon, sun yi juyin mulki tare da kashe shugaban dangin Choe, wanda ya kawo karshen mulkin dangin Choe wanda ya kwashe shekaru sittin.Bayan haka, sarkin ya kai ƙarar neman zaman lafiya da Mongols.Lokacin da kotun Goryeo ta aika da sarki Wonjong na gaba a matsayin garkuwa ga kotun Mongol kuma ya yi alkawarin komawa Kaegyong, Mongols sun janye daga Koriya ta Tsakiya .Akwai jam'iyyu biyu a cikin Goryeo: jam'iyyar litattafai, wacce ke adawa da yakin da Mongols, da kuma mulkin soja - karkashin jagorancin dangin Choe - wadanda suka matsa don ci gaba da yakin.Lokacin da jam'iyyar litattafai ta kashe shugaba Choe, an kulla yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya.Yarjejeniyar ta ba da izinin kiyaye ikon mallaka da al'adun gargajiya na Goryeo, yana nuna cewa Mongols sun daina haɗa Goryeo a ƙarƙashin ikon Mongolian kai tsaye kuma sun gamsu da ba Goryeo yancin kai, amma dole ne sarkin Goryeo ya auri gimbiya Mongolian kuma ya kasance ƙarƙashin sarautar. Mongolian Khans.

A watan Maris na shekara ta 1258, Kim Jun ya kashe mai mulkin kama-karya Choe Ui. Don haka, aka kawo karshen mulkin kama-karya da kungiyarsa ta soja ta yi, kuma malaman da suka dage kan zaman lafiya da Mongoliya suka samu iko.Goryeo bai taba cin nasara a hannun Mongols ba, amma ya gaji bayan shekaru da dama ana gwabzawa, Goryeo ya aika da Yarima Wonjong mai jiran gado zuwa babban birnin Yuan domin ya yi mubaya'a ga Mongols;Kublai Khan ya yarda, kuma ya auri daya daga cikin 'ya'yansa mata ga yarima mai jiran gado na Koriya.Khubilai, wanda ya zama khan na Mongols kuma sarkin kasar Sin a shekara ta 1260, bai sanya wa yawancin Goryeo mulki kai tsaye ba.Koriya ta Goryeo, sabanin Song China, ana ɗaukarta fiye da ikon Asiya ta ciki.An yarda daular ta tsira, kuma an ƙarfafa auratayya da Mongols.

Tawayen Sambyeolcho (1270-1273) tawayen Koriya ne akan daular Goryeo wanda ya faru a matakin karshe na mamayar Mongol na Koriya .Goryeo da daular Yuan ne suka murkushe shi.Bayan tawayen, Goryeo ya zama wata ƙasa maras kyau ta daular Yuan.Bayan 1270 Goryeo ya zama yanki mai cin gashin kansa na daular Yuan.Mongols da Masarautar Goryeo suna daure da aure kuma Goryeo ya zama quda ( ƙawancen aure) na daular Yuan kusan shekaru 80 kuma sarakunan Goryeo galibi surukai ne na sarki (khuregen).Ƙasashen biyu sun kasance masu haɗin kai tsawon shekaru 80 yayin da dukan sarakunan Koriya da suka biyo baya suka auri 'ya'yan Mongol.

A shekara ta 1266, Kublai Khan ya aika da jakadu zuwaJapan yana neman Japan ta zama vassal kuma ta aika da haraji a karkashin barazanar rikici.Sai dai manzannin sun dawo hannu wofi.A shekara ta 1268 aka aiko da wakilai na biyu kuma suka dawo hannu wofi kamar na farko.Sojojin Yuan sun tashi daga Koriya a ranar 2 ga Nuwamba 1274. Bayan kwana biyu suka fara sauka a tsibirin Tsushima .Jirgin ruwan Yuan ya tsallaka teku ya sauka a Hakata Bay a ranar 19 ga Nuwamba.Da safe, yawancin jiragen ruwan Yuan sun bace.A cewar wani mai shari'a na kasar Japan a cikin littafin tarihinsa na ranar 6 ga Nuwamba 1274, wata iska ta juyo daga gabas ba zato ba tsammani ta mayar da jiragen ruwa na Yuan.An kama wasu jiragen ruwa a bakin teku kuma an kama wasu sojojin Yuan da ma'aikatan ruwa 50 tare da kashe su.Kamar yadda tarihin Yuan ya nuna, " guguwa mai girma ta taso kuma jiragen yaki da dama sun yi ta dirar mikiya a kan duwatsu tare da lalata su."Babu tabbas ko guguwar ta afku ne a Hakata ko kuma tuni rundunar ta tashi zuwa kasar Koriya kuma ta ci karo da ita a hanyarsu ta dawowa.Wasu asusun suna ba da rahoton asarar rayuka da ke nuna cewa an yi asarar jiragen ruwa 200.Daga cikin 30,000 masu karfi na mamayewa, 13,500 ba su dawo ba.

An ba da umarni na mamayewa na biyu a watan farko na wata na 1281. An shirya jiragen ruwa guda biyu, rundunar jiragen ruwa 900 a Koriya da jiragen ruwa 3,500 a Kudancin China tare da haɗin gwiwar sojoji da ma'aikatan ruwa 142,000.A ranar 15 ga Agusta, wata babbar mahaukaciyar guguwa, wacce aka fi sani da Jafananci kamar kamikaze, ta bugi rundunar a anka daga yamma kuma ta lalata shi.Yayin da ake jin guguwar da ke tafe, jiragen ruwan Koriya da kudancin China sun ja da baya, inda ba su yi nasara ba suka doshi tekun Imari, inda guguwar ta lalata su.An bar dubban sojoji suna yawo a kan itace ko kuma a wanke bakin teku.Masu tsaron Japan din sun kashe duk wadanda suka samu in ban da 'yan Kudancin China, wadanda suke ganin an tilasta musu shiga harin da aka kai Japan.A cewar wata majiyar Koriya, daga cikin 'yan Koriya 26,989 da suka tashi da jirgin ruwan Gabas, 7,592 ba su dawo ba.Majiyoyin China da Mongol sun nuna cewa an samu asarar rayuka da kashi 60 zuwa 90.Ita ma Koriyar wadda ita ce ke da alhakin kera jiragen ruwa don mamaya, ta kuma rasa yadda za ta kera jiragen ruwa da kuma yadda za ta kare teku tun lokacin da aka yanke katako mai yawa.Daga baya, da yin amfani da halin da ake ciki, yawan 'yan Japan da ke shiga wokou ya fara karuwa, kuma hare-haren da ake kaiwa ga gabar tekun China da Koriya ya tsananta.

Samguk yusa ko Memorabilia na masarautun Uku tarin tatsuniyoyi ne, tatsuniyoyi da bayanan tarihi da suka shafi Masarautar Koriya Uku ( Goguryeo , Baekje da Silla), da kuma wasu lokuta da jahohi kafin, lokacin da kuma bayan zamanin Sarautu Uku. .Shi ne farkon tarihin tarihin Dangun, wanda ya rubuta kafuwar Gojoseon a matsayin al'ummar Koriya ta farko.

An haifi Empress Gi a Haengju, Goryeo zuwa wani ɗan ƙaramin ɗan majalisa na masu mulki.A shekara ta 1333, wata matashiya Lady Gi tana cikin ƙwaraƙwaran da sarakunan Goryeo suka aika zuwa Yuan, waɗanda dole ne su ba da takamaiman adadin kyawawan 'yan mata matasa don zama ƙwaraƙwaran sarakunan Mongol sau ɗaya a cikin shekaru uku.An yi la'akari da girma don auri matan Goryeo.Kyakykyawan kyau da ƙwararriyar raye-raye, zance, rera waƙa, waƙa, da zane-zane, Lady Gi da sauri ta zama ƙwarƙwarar Toghon Temür da aka fi so.A shekara ta 1339, sa’ad da Lady Gi ta haifi ɗa, wanda Toghon Temür ya yanke shawarar zama magajinsa, a ƙarshe ya sami damar a naɗa Lady Gi a matsayin matarsa ​​ta sakandare a shekara ta 1340. Toghon Temür ya ƙara daina sha’awar yin mulki sa’ad da mulkinsa ya ci gaba.A wannan lokacin ana ƙara yin amfani da iko ta wata baiwar siyasa da tattalin arziki Lady Gi.An nada ɗan'uwan Lady Gi Gi Cheol kwamandan Hedikwatar Filin Gabas ta Mongol - wanda ya mai da shi ainihin mai mulkin Goryeo - saboda tasirinta.kuma ta sa ido sosai akan al'amuran Goryeo.Dangane da matsayin Lady Gi a cikin babban birnin daular, babban ɗan'uwanta Gi Cheol ya zo ya yi barazana ga matsayin sarkin Goryeo, wanda ya kasance abokin ciniki na Mongols.Sarki Gongmin na Goryeo ya hallaka dangin Gi a juyin mulki a shekara ta 1356 kuma ya zama mai cin gashin kansa daga Yuan.Lady Gi ta amsa ta hanyar zabar Tash Temür a matsayin sabon sarkin Goryeo kuma ta aika da sojoji zuwa Goryeo.Sai dai sojojin na Mongol sun sha kashi a hannun sojojin Goryeo a lokacin da suke yunkurin ketare kogin Yalu.

Daular Goryeo ta rayu a karkashin Yuan har sai da sarki Gongmin ya fara tura dakarun Mongolian na Yuan baya a shekarun 1350.A shekara ta 1356 Goryeo ya dawo da yankunan arewa da ya ɓace.Lokacin da sarki Gongmin ya hau karagar mulki, Goryeo ya kasance karkashin ikon Mongol Yuan China.Lokacin da sarki Gongmin ya hau karagar mulki, Goryeo ya kasance karkashin ikon Mongol Yuan China.Matakin farko da ya yi shi ne korar duk wasu masu fada aji da hafsoshin soja masu goyon bayan Mongol daga mukamansu.Mongols sun mamaye lardunan Goryeo na arewa bayan mamayewar tare da shigar da su cikin daularsu a matsayin yankunan Ssangseong da Dongnyeong.Sojojin Goryeo sun sake karbe wadannan lardunan a wani bangare saboda gudun hijira daga Yi Jachun, karamin jami'in Koriya da ke hidimar Mongols a Ssangseong, da dansa Yi Seonggye.A cikin wannan lokaci mai cike da tashin hankali, Goryeo ya ci Liaoyang na dan lokaci a shekara ta 1356, ya fatattaki manya-manyan hare-hare guda biyu da 'yan tawayen Red Turban suka yi a shekarar 1359 da 1360, ya kuma yi galaba a kan yunkurin karshe na Yuan na mamaye Goryeo lokacin da Janar Choe Yeong ya yi nasara kan tuman Mongol da ya mamaye a shekarar 1364.

A watan Disamba na shekara ta 1359, wani ɓangare na sojojin Red Turban ya koma yankin Liaodong Peninsula.Duk da haka, sun fuskanci karancin kayan yaki kuma sun rasa hanyar janyewa zuwa babban yankin kasar Sin.Dakarun Red Turban karkashin jagorancin Mao Ju-jing sun mamaye Goryeo tare da kwace birnin Pyongyang.A watan Janairun 1360, sojojin Goryeo karkashin jagorancin An U da Yi Bang-sil sun sake kwace Pyongyang da yankin arewa da makiya suka kwace.Daga cikin sojojin Red Turban da suka tsallaka kogin Yalu, sojoji 300 ne kawai suka koma Liaoning bayan yakin.A watan Nuwamba 1360, sojojin Red Turban sun sake mamaye iyakar Goryeo ta arewa maso yamma tare da dakaru 200,000 kuma suka mamaye Gaegyeong, babban birnin Goryeo, na ɗan gajeren lokaci, Sarki Gongmin ya tsere zuwa Andong.Koyaya, Janar Choe Yeong, Yi Seonggye (daga baya Taejo na Joseon ), Jeong Seun da Yi Bang-sil sun fatattaki sojojin Red Turban.An kashe Sha Liu da Guan Xiansheng, wadanda suka kasance janar-janar na Red Turban a yakin.Sojojin Goryeo sun ci gaba da fatattakar abokan gabansu tare da kawar da su daga yankin Koriya.

Su ma Wokou sun kasance matsalar da aka fuskanta a zamanin Sarki Gongmin.Wokou sun dade suna tada hankali a yankin kuma sun zama jiga-jigan 'yan fashin sojan da suka mamaye kasar, maimakon 'yan bindigan da suka fara kai hari.Sarki Gongmin ya yi kira ga Janar Choi Young da Yi Seong-gye don yakar su.A cewar bayanan Koriya, 'yan fashin wako sun yi kaurin suna tun daga shekara ta 1350. Bayan kusan shekara-shekara na mamaye lardunan kudancin Jeolla da Gyeongsang, sun yi ƙaura zuwa arewa zuwa yankunan Chungcheong da Gyeonggi.Tarihin Goryeo yana da tarihin fadace-fadacen teku a cikin 1380 inda aka aika da jiragen yaki guda dari zuwa Jinpo don fatattakar 'yan fashin teku na Japan a can, inda aka sako fursunonin 334, Japanawa sun ragu daga baya.An kori ‘yan fashin na Wako yadda ya kamata ta hanyar amfani da fasahar foda, wanda a lokacin wako ba ta da shi, bayan Goryeo ya kafa Ofishin Makamai na Gunpowder a 1377 (amma an soke shekaru goma sha biyu).

A cikin 1388, Sarki U (dan Sarki Gongmin da kuyangi) da Janar Choe Yeong sun shirya wani kamfen na mamaye Liaoning na kasar Sin a yau.Sarki U ya sa Janar Yi Seong-gye (daga baya Taejo) ya jagoranci, amma ya tsaya a bakin iyaka ya yi tawaye.Goryeo ya fada hannun Janar Yi Seong-gye, dan Yi Ja-chun, wanda ya kashe sarakunan Goryeo uku na karshe, ya kwace karaga kuma ya kafa a 1392 daular Joseon .

Mahimmin Bincike:Masarautar ta kula da haɓakar al'adu da fasaha wanda ba a taɓa ganin irinsa ba tare da ci gaba a cikin gine-gine, yumbu, bugu, da yin takarda.Mongols sun sha mamaye masarautar a karni na 13 daga baya kuma ta zama kasa mai cin gashin kanta kuma makwabtansu na arewa sun yi tasiri a al'adu.Koryo shine asalin sunan Ingilishi na Koriya ta zamani.Addinin Buddah ne kai tsaye ke da alhakin ci gaban bugu domin shi ne yada litattafan addinin Buddah cewa bugu na katako ya inganta sannan aka kirkiro nau'in karfe mai motsi a cikin 1234.