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500 BCE - 2023

Tarihin addinin Buddha



Tarihin addinin Buddah ya kasance daga karni na 6 KZ zuwa yanzu.Addinin Buddah ya taso a gabashin ƙasar Indiya ta dā , a ciki da wajen tsohuwar Masarautar Magadha (yanzu a Bihar, Indiya), kuma ta dogara ne akan koyarwar Siddhārtha Gautama.Addinin ya samo asali ne yayin da ya yadu daga yankin arewa maso gabas na yankin Indiya ta tsakiya, gabas, da kudu maso gabashin Asiya.
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Ziyarci Shago

Buddha
Yarima Siddhārtha Gautama yana tafiya a cikin daji. ©HistoryMaps
500 BCE Jan 1

Buddha

Lumbini, Nepal
Buddha (wanda kuma aka sani da Siddhattha Gotama ko Siddhārtha Gautama ko Buddha Shakyamuni) masanin falsafa ne, mai tunani, mai bimbini, malami na ruhaniya, kuma shugaban addini wanda ya rayu a tsohuwar Indiya (kimanin 5th zuwa 4th century KZ).Ana girmama shi a matsayin wanda ya kafa addinin Buddah na duniya, kuma galibin makarantun Buddah suna bauta masa a matsayin wanda ya haskaka wanda ya wuce Karma kuma ya tsira daga zagayowar haihuwa da sake haifuwa.Ya koyar da kusan shekaru 45 kuma ya gina manyan mabiya, duka sufi da na kwance.Koyarwarsa ta dogara ne akan fahimtarsa ​​ga duḥkha (wanda aka saba fassara da "wahala") da kuma ƙarshen dukkha - jihar da ake kira Nibbāna ko Nirvana.
Codification na koyarwar addinin Buddha
Codification na koyarwar addinin Buddha. ©HistoryMaps
400 BCE Jan 1

Codification na koyarwar addinin Buddha

Bihar, India
Majalisar Buda ta farko a Rajgir, Bihar, Indiya;koyarwa da tarbiyyar zuhudu sun yarda kuma aka tsara su.Majalisar addinin Buddah ta farko an ce an yi ta ne bayan Parinirvana na Buddha, kuma Mahākāśyapa, ɗaya daga cikin manyan almajiransa, ya jagoranta a Rājagṛha (Rajgir na yau) tare da goyon bayan sarki Ajātasattu.A cewar Charles Prebish, kusan dukkanin malamai sun yi shakkar tarihin wannan majalisa ta farko.
Farko Schism na addinin Buddha
Farko Schism na addinin Buddha ©HistoryMaps
383 BCE Jan 1

Farko Schism na addinin Buddha

India
Bayan farkon lokacin haɗin kai, rarrabuwar kawuna a cikin sangha ko al'ummar zuhudu ta haifar da ɓarnar farko ta sangha zuwa ƙungiyoyi biyu: Sthavira (Dattawa) da Mahasamghika (Babban Sangha).Yawancin malamai sun yarda cewa rashin jituwa ya haifar da rikice-rikice a kan wuraren vinaya (dabi'ar zuhudu).A tsawon lokaci, waɗannan ƙungiyoyin zuhudu guda biyu za su ƙara rarrabuwa zuwa Makarantun Buddhist na farko.
addinin Buddha ya yadu
Sarkin sarakuna Ashoka na Daular Maurya ©HistoryMaps
269 BCE Jan 1

addinin Buddha ya yadu

Sri Lanka
A lokacin mulkin Sarkin Mauryan Ashoka (273-232 KZ), addinin Buddah ya sami goyon bayan sarauta kuma ya fara yaduwa sosai, ya kai yawancin yankin Indiya.Bayan da ya mamaye Kalinga, Ashoka da alama ya yi nadama kuma ya fara aiki don inganta rayuwar talakawansa.Ashoka ya kuma gina rijiyoyi, wuraren hutawa da asibitoci ga mutane da dabbobi.Ya kuma kawar da azabtarwa, tafiye-tafiyen farautar sarauta da watakila ma hukuncin kisa.Ashoka kuma ya goyi bayan addinan da ba na Buddha ba kamar Jainism da Brahmanism.Ashoka ya yada addini ta hanyar gina ginshiƙai da ginshiƙai yana ƙarfafa, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, mutunta duk rayuwar dabba da kuma umurci mutane su bi Dharma.Majiyoyin addinin Buddah sun yaba shi a matsayin abin koyi ga chakravartin mai tausayi (sarki mai jujjuyawa).Sarki Ashoka ya aika mabiya addinin Buddha na farko zuwa Sri Lanka a karni na uku.Wani fasali na addinin Buddah na Mauryan shine bauta da girmama stupas, manyan tuddai waɗanda ke ɗauke da kayan tarihi (Pali: sarīra) na Buddha ko wasu tsarkaka a ciki.An yi imani da cewa yin sadaukarwa ga waɗannan kayan tarihi da stupas na iya kawo albarka.Wataƙila mafi kyawun misali mafi kyawun wurin Buddhist na Mauryan shine Babban Stupa na Sanchi (wanda ya kasance daga karni na 3 KZ).
Buddha a Vietnam
Buddha a Vietnam. ©HistoryMaps
250 BCE Jan 1

Buddha a Vietnam

Vietnam
Akwai rashin jituwa kan lokacin da addinin Buddha daidai ya isa Vietnam .Addinin Buddha na iya zuwa tun farkon karni na 3 ko na biyu KZ ta Indiya, ko kuma a cikin karni na 1 ko na 2 dagaChina .Ko yaya lamarin yake, an kafa addinin Buddah na Mahayana a karni na biyu AZ a Vietnam.Ya zuwa karni na 9, dukkansu Pure Land da Thien (Zen) sune manyan makarantun Buddhist na Vietnam.A kudancin kasar Champa, addinin Hindu , Theravada, da Mahayana duk an yi su har zuwa karni na 15, lokacin da wani hari daga arewa ya kai ga mamaye nau'ikan addinin Buddah na kasar Sin.Duk da haka addinin Buddha Theravada ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a kudancin Vietnam.Addinin Buddah na Vietnam ya yi kama da addinin Buddah na kasar Sin kuma har ya zuwa wani lokaci yana nuna tsarin addinin Buddah na kasar Sin bayandaular Song .Har ila yau, addinin Buddah na Vietnam yana da alakar alama da Taoism, ruhin Sinawa da addinin Vietnam na asali.
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150 BCE Jan 1

Buddha Mahayana ya bazu zuwa tsakiyar Asiya

Central Asia
Ƙungiyoyin addinin Buddha waɗanda aka fi sani da Mahayana (Babban Vehicle) da kuma Bodhisattvayana, sun fara wani lokaci tsakanin 150 KZ da 100 AZ, suna zana duka Mahasamghika da Sarvastivada.Rubutun farko wanda ake iya gane Mahayana ya kasance daga 180 CE kuma ana samunsa a Mathura.Mahayana ya jaddada hanyar Bodhisattva zuwa cikakken Buddha (wanda ya bambanta da burin ruhaniya na arhatship).Ya fito azaman saitin ƙungiyoyin sako-sako da ke da alaƙa da sabbin rubutu mai suna Mahayana sutras.Mahayana sutras sun haɓaka sabbin koyarwa, kamar ra'ayin cewa "akwai wasu Buddha waɗanda suke wa'azi lokaci guda a cikin sauran tsarin duniya marasa adadi".A lokaci guda Mahayana Bodhisattvas da kuma Buddha da yawa sun zo ana ganin su a matsayin halittu masu fa'ida waɗanda suka kasance batutuwa na ibada.Mahayana ya kasance tsiraru a tsakanin mabiya addinin Buddah na Indiya na dan wani lokaci, yana girma sannu a hankali har kusan rabin dukkan sufaye da Xuanzang ya gamu da su a Indiya a karni na 7 sun kasance Mahayaniyawa.Makarantun Mahayana na farko sun haɗa da koyarwar Mādhyamaka, Yogācāra, da Buddha-nature (Tathāgatagarbha).Mahayana a yau shi ne babban nau'in addinin Buddha a gabashin Asiya da Tibet.Tsakiyar Asiya ta kasance gida ne ga hanyar kasuwanci ta kasa da kasa da aka fi sani da hanyar siliki, wacce ke jigilar kayayyaki tsakanin Sin, Indiya, Gabas ta Tsakiya da duniyar Bahar Rum.Addinin Buddha ya kasance a wannan yanki daga kusan ƙarni na biyu KZ.Da farko, makarantar Dharmaguptaka ta kasance mafi nasara a ƙoƙarinsu na yada addinin Buddha a tsakiyar Asiya.Masarautar Khotan ta kasance daya daga cikin masarautun Buddah na farko a yankin kuma ta taimaka wajen yada addinin Buddah daga Indiya zuwa China.Nasarar da Sarki Kanishka ya yi da bin addinin Buddah ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen bunkasa hanyar siliki, da kuma yada addinin Buddah na Mahayana daga Gandhara a fadin Karakoram zuwa kasar Sin.Buddha Mahayana ya bazu zuwa tsakiyar Asiya.
Tashi na Mahayana Buddhism
Tashi na Mahayana Buddhism ©HistoryMaps
100 BCE Jan 1

Tashi na Mahayana Buddhism

India
Mahāyāna kalma ce ga ɗimbin rukuni na al'adun Buddha, rubutu, falsafa, da ayyuka.Ana ɗaukar Mahāyāna ɗaya daga cikin manyan rassa biyu na addinin Buddha (ɗayan shine Theravada).Buddha Mahāyāna ya bunƙasa a Indiya (kimanin ƙarni na farko KZ zuwa gaba).Ya yarda da manyan nassosi da koyarwar addinin Buddah na farko, amma kuma yana ƙara sabbin koyaswa da nassosi kamar Mahāyāna Sūtras.
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50 BCE Jan 1

Addinin Buddha ya isa kasar Sin

China
An fara gabatar da addinin Buddha zuwa kasar Sin a zamanin daular Han (202 KZ-220 CE).Fassarar babban jigon nassosin addinin Buddah na Indiya zuwa Sinanci da haɗa waɗannan fassarori (tare da ayyukan Taoist da na Confucian) zuwa cikin kundin addinin Buddha na kasar Sin yana da tasiri mai yawa ga yada addinin Buddha a duk faɗin al'adun gabashin Asiya, gami daKoriya . ,Japan daVietnam .Har ila yau, addinin Buddah na kasar Sin ya bunkasa al'adu daban-daban na tunani da ayyukan addinin Buddha, wadanda suka hada da Tiantai, da Huayan, da addinin Buddah na Chan da kuma addinin Buddah mai tsafta.
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372 Jan 1

An gabatar da addinin Buddha a Koriya

Korea
Lokacin da aka fara gabatar da addinin Buddha zuwaKoriya daga Tsohon Qin a cikin 372, kimanin shekaru 800 bayan mutuwar Buddha mai tarihi, shamanism shine addini na asali.Samguk yusa da Samguk sagi sun rubuta wadannan sufaye 3 masu zuwa wadanda suke cikin farkon wadanda suka kawo koyarwar addinin Buddah, ko Dharma, zuwa Koriya a karni na 4 a lokacin daular Uku : Malananta - wani malamin addinin Buddah na Indiya wanda ya fito daga yankin Serindian na kudancin kasar Sin. Daular Jin ta Gabas kuma ta kawo addinin Buddah ga Sarkin Chimnyu na Baekje a yankin Koriya ta Kudu a shekara ta 384 AZ, Sundo - wani malami daga arewacin kasar Sin tsohon Qin ya kawo addinin Buddah zuwa Goguryeo a Koriya ta Arewa a shekara ta 372 AZ, da Ado - wani limamin da ya kawo addinin Buddah. zuwa Silla a Koriya ta Tsakiya.Kamar yadda addinin Buddah ba a ga ya ci karo da ibadar dabi’a ba, mabiya Shaman sun yarda su hade cikin addininsu.Don haka, tsaunukan da 'yan shamaniyya suka yi imani da cewa su ne wurin zama na ruhohi a zamanin Buddhist kafin daga baya suka zama wuraren ibadar addinin Buddah.Ko da yake an fara samun karɓuwa sosai, har ma ana goyan bayansa a matsayin akidar jiha a lokacin Goryeo (918-1392 AZ), addinin Buddha a Koriya ya sha wahala sosai a lokacin Joseon (1392-1897 CE), wanda ya daɗe sama da shekaru ɗari biyar.A wannan lokacin, Neo-Confucianism ya ci nasara a gaban rinjaye na addinin Buddha.
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400 Jan 1

Vajrayana

India
Vajrayān, tare da Mantrayāna, Guhyamantrayāna, Tantrayāna, Sirrin Mantra, Tantric Buddhism, da Esoteric Buddhism, sunaye ne da ke magana akan al'adun Buddha da ke da alaƙa da Tantra da "Sirrin Mantra", waɗanda suka haɓaka a cikin tsakiyar tsakiyar Indiya na tsakiya kuma suka yada zuwa Tibet, Nepal, da sauran su. Jihohin Himalayan, Gabashin Asiya, da Mongoliya.Ayyukan Vajrayāna suna da alaƙa da ƙayyadaddun zuriya a cikin addinin Buddha, ta hanyar koyarwar masu riƙe da zuriya.Wasu na iya nufin gabaɗaya ga matani kamar Buddhist Tantras.Ya haɗa da ayyukan da ke amfani da mantras, dharanis, mudras, mandalas da hangen nesa na alloli da Buddha.Majiyoyin Vajrayāna na al'ada sun ce Śākyamuni Buddha ne ya koyar da tantras da zuriyar Vajrayāna da sauran adadi irin su bodhisattva Vajrapani da Padmasambhava.Masana tarihi na zamani na nazarin addinin Buddha suna jayayya cewa wannan motsi ya samo asali ne daga zamanin daular Indiya ta tsakiya (kimanin karni na 5 CE zuwa gaba).A cewar nassosin Vajrayāna, kalmar Vajrayāna tana nufin ɗaya daga cikin motoci uku ko hanyoyin zuwa wayewa, sauran biyun kuma su ne Śrāvakayāna (wanda aka fi sani da Hīnayāna) da Mahāyāna (aka Pāramitāyāna).Akwai al'adun addinin Buddha da yawa da ake aiwatar da su a halin yanzu, ciki har da addinin Buddah na Tibet, addinin Buddah na Esoteric na kasar Sin, addinin Buddha Shingon da addinin Buddah na Newar.
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400 Jan 1

Buddhism na kudu maso gabashin Asiya

South East Asia
Daga karni na 5 zuwa na 13, kudu maso gabashin Asiya ya ga jerin jihohi masu karfi wadanda suka yi matukar kokari wajen inganta addinin Buddha da fasahar Buddha tare da addinin Hindu .Babban tasirin addinin Buddah yanzu ya zo ne kai tsaye ta hanyar teku daga yankin Indiya, ta yadda waɗannan masarautu da gaske sun bi imanin Mahāyāna.Misalai sun haɗa da masarautun ƙasa kamar Funan, daular Khmer da masarautar Thai ta Sukhothai da kuma masarautun tsibiri kamar Masarautar Kalinga, daular Srivijaya , Masarautar Medang da Majapahit.Sufaye mabiya addinin Buddah sun yi tafiya zuwakasar Sin daga masarautar Funan a karni na 5 AZ, inda suka kawo ayoyin Mahayana, alamar da ke nuna cewa addinin ya riga ya kafu a yankin.Buddha Mahayana da Hindu sune manyan addinan daular Khmer (802-1431), jihar da ta mamaye mafi yawan yankin kudu maso gabashin Asiya a lokacinta.A ƙarƙashin Khmer, an gina haikali da yawa, duka biyun Hindu da Buddha, a cikin Cambodia da maƙwabtan Thailand.Ɗaya daga cikin manyan sarakunan Khmer, Jayavarman VII (1181-1219), ya gina manyan gine-ginen Buddha na Mahāyāna a Bayon da Angkor Thom.A cikin tsibirin Java na Indonesiya , masarautun Indiyawa kamar Masarautar Kalinga (ƙarni na 6-7) sun kasance wuraren zuwa ga sufaye na China waɗanda ke neman rubutun Buddha.Malay Srivijaya (650-1377), daular Maritime da ke kan tsibirin Sumatra, ta karbi Mahāyāna da Vajrayāna Buddhism kuma ta yada addinin Buddha zuwa Java, Malaya da sauran yankuna da suka ci.
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520 Jan 1

Sarki na farko na Zen Bodhidharma ya isa kasar Sin

China
A cikin karni na 5, koyarwar Chán (Zen) ta fara ne a kasar Sin, bisa ga al'adance ga malamin addinin Buddah Bodhidharma, wani babban jigo.Makarantar ta yi amfani da ƙa'idodin da aka samo a cikin Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra, sūtra mai amfani da koyarwar Yogācāra da na Tathāgatagarbha, kuma waɗanda ke koyar da Mota Daya zuwa buddhahood.A cikin shekarun farko, an kira koyarwar Chán a matsayin "Makarantar Mota Daya."Ana kiran malaman farko na makarantar Chán "Laṅkāvatāra Masters", saboda ƙwarewar aikinsu bisa ƙa'idodin Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra.Babban koyarwar Chán daga baya an san su da yin amfani da abin da ake kira labaran gamuwa da koans, da kuma hanyoyin koyarwa da ake amfani da su.Zen makaranta ce ta addinin Buddah ta Mahayana wacce ta samo asali daga kasar Sin a zamanin daular Tang , wacce aka fi sani da makarantar Chan, sannan ta ci gaba zuwa makarantu daban-daban.
Addinin Buddah ya shigo Japan daga Koriya
Ippen Shonin Engi-e ©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
538 Jan 1

Addinin Buddah ya shigo Japan daga Koriya

Nara, Japan
An gabatar da addinin Buddha zuwaJapan a karni na 6 ta hanyar sufaye na Koriya masu ɗauke da sutras da hoton Buddha sannan suka yi tafiya ta teku zuwa tsibirin Japan.Don haka, addinin Buddah na kasar Japan yana da karfi sosai daga addinin Buddah na kasar Sin da addinin Buddah na Koriya.A lokacin Nara (710-794), sarki Shōmu ya ba da umarnin gina haikali a duk faɗin mulkinsa.An gina haikali da gidajen ibada da yawa a babban birnin Nara, irin su pagoda mai hawa biyar da Golden Hall na Hōryū-ji, ko haikalin Kōfuku-ji.Haka kuma an sami yawaitar mabiya addinin Buddah a babban birnin Nara, wanda aka fi sani da Nanto Rokushū (Mazhabobin Nara Shida).Mafi tasiri daga cikin waɗannan shine makarantar Kegon (daga Huayan na Sinanci).A lokacin marigayi Nara, manyan alkaluma na Kukai (774–835) da Saichō (767–822) sun kafa manyan makarantun Jafananci na Shingon da Tendai, bi da bi.Wata muhimmiyar koyarwa ga waɗannan makarantu ita ce hongaku (farkawa ta asali ko wayewar asali), koyaswar da ke da tasiri ga duk addinin Buddah na Jafananci.Har ila yau, addinin Buddha ya rinjayi addinin Jafananci na Shinto, wanda ya ƙunshi abubuwan Buddha.A lokacin Kamakura daga baya (1185 – 1333), an sami sabbin makarantun addinin Buddah guda shida da aka kafa waɗanda suka yi gogayya da tsoffin makarantun Nara kuma ana kiran su da “Sabon Buddhism” (Shin Bukkyō) ko Buddhism Kamakura.Sun hada da manyan makarantun Landan Tsabta na Honen (1133 – 1212) da Shinran (1173 – 1263), makarantun Rinzai da Soto na Zen wanda Eisai ya kafa (1141 – 1215) da Dōgen (1200 – 1253) da kuma Lotus Sutra makarantar Nichiren (1222-1282).
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600 Jan 1

Addinin Buddah na Tibet: Yadawar Farko

Tibet
Addinin Buddha ya isa Tibet a ƙarshen karni na 7.Siffar da ta fi rinjaye, ta kudancin Tibet, ta kasance haɗakar mahāyāna da vajrayāna daga jami'o'in daular Pāla na yankin Bengal a gabashin Indiya.Tasirin Sarvāstivādin ya fito ne daga kudu maso yamma (Kashmir) da arewa maso yamma (Khotan).Rubuce-rubucensu sun sami hanyar shiga cikin kundin addinin Buddah na Tibet, suna ba wa Tibet kusan dukkanin tushen tushensu game da Motar Gidauniyar.Wani sashi na wannan makaranta, Mūlasarvāstivāda shine tushen Tibet Vinaya.An gabatar da addinin Buddah na Chan ta gabashin Tibet daga kasar Sin kuma ya bar tunaninsa, amma abubuwan da suka faru na siyasa na farko sun ba su da muhimmanci.An fara fassara nassosin addinin Buddah na Sanskrit daga Indiya zuwa Tibet a ƙarƙashin mulkin Sarkin Tibet Songtsän Gampo (618-649 AZ).Har ila yau, wannan lokacin ya sami ci gaban tsarin rubuce-rubucen Tibet da Tibet na gargajiya.A karni na 8, Sarki Trisong Detsen (755-797 CE) ya kafa shi a matsayin addinin gwamnati, kuma ya umurci sojojinsa da su sanya riguna da karatun addinin Buddah.Trisong Detsen ya gayyaci malaman addinin Buddah na Indiya zuwa kotunsa, ciki har da Padmasambhāva (ƙarni na 8 AD) da Śāntarakṣita (725-788), waɗanda ake la'akari da su waɗanda suka kafa Nyingma (Masu Tsohuwar), tsohuwar al'adar addinin Buddah ta Tibet.Padmasambhava wanda 'yan kabilar Tibet ke daukarsa a matsayin Guru Rinpoche ("Mai daraja mai daraja") wanda kuma aka amince da shi da gina ginin gidan sufi na farko mai suna Samye, a karshen karni na 8.A cewar wasu almara, an lura cewa, ya kwantar da aljanu na Bon kuma ya sanya su su zama masu kare Dharma na zamani masana tarihi kuma suna jayayya cewa, Trisong Detsen da mabiyansa sun karbi addinin Buddha a matsayin aikin diflomasiyya na kasa da kasa, musamman tare da babban iko na waɗannan. lokuta irin su China, Indiya da jahohi a tsakiyar Asiya - waɗanda ke da tasiri mai ƙarfi na addinin Buddha a cikin al'adunsu.
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629 Jan 1 - 645

Hajjin Xuanzang

India
Xuanzang, wanda kuma aka fi sani da Hiuen Tsang, malamin addinin Buddah na kasar Sin ne na karni na 7, masani, matafiyi, kuma mai fassara.Ya shahara da ba da gudummawar zamani ga addinin Buddah na kasar Sin, da tarihin tafiyarsa zuwaIndiya a shekara ta 629-645 AZ, da kokarinsa na kawo fiye da litattafan Indiya 657 zuwakasar Sin , da fassarar wasu daga cikin wadannan matani.
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1000 Jan 1

Addinin Buddha Theravada ya kafa a kudu maso gabashin Asiya

Southeast Asia
Tun daga kusan karni na 11, sufaye na Sinhalese Theravāda da jiga-jigan kudu maso gabashin Asiya sun jagoranci jujjuyawar yawancin babban yankin kudu maso gabashin Asiya zuwa makarantar Sinhalese Theravāda Mahavihara.Taimakon sarakuna irin su Sarkin Burma Anawrahta (1044-1077) da Sarkin Thai Ram Khamhaeng sun taka rawa wajen haɓaka addinin Buddha na Theravāda a ​​matsayin addinin farko na Burma da Thailand .
addinin Buddah na Tibet: Yaduwa ta biyu
Watsawa ta biyu na addinin Buddah na Tibet ©HistoryMaps
1042 Jan 1

addinin Buddah na Tibet: Yaduwa ta biyu

Tibet, China
Ƙarshen ƙarni na 10 da na 11 ya ga farfaɗowar addinin Buddah a Tibet tare da kafuwar zuriyar "Sabon Fassara" (Sarma) da kuma bayyanar wallafe-wallafen "boyayyun dukiya" (terma) waɗanda suka sake fasalin al'adar Nyingma.A shekara ta 1042, malamin Bengali Atiśa (982-1054) ya isa Tibet bisa gayyatar sarkin Tibet na yamma.Babban almajirinsa, Dromton ya kafa makarantar Kadam na addinin Buddah na Tibet, daya daga cikin makarantun Sarma na farko.. Atiśa, ya taimaka wajen fassara manyan litattafan addinin Buddha irin su Bka'-'gyur (Fassarar Kalmar Buddha) da Bstan-'gyur (Fassarar Koyarwa) ya taimaka wajen yada dabi'un addinin Buddah a cikin harkokin jihohi masu karfi da kuma al'adun Tibet.Bka'-'gyur yana da manyan sassa shida a cikin littafin:TantraPrajnāpāramitāRatnakuṭa SutraAvatamsaka SutraSauran sutrasVinaya.Bstan-'gyur aiki ne na haɗe-haɗe na matani 3,626 da juzu'i 224 waɗanda ke tattare da rubutun waƙoƙi, tafsiri da tantras.
Rushewar addinin Buddha a Indiya
Rushewar addinin Buddha a Indiya. ©HistoryMaps
1199 Jan 1

Rushewar addinin Buddha a Indiya

India
An danganta raguwar addinin Buddah da abubuwa daban-daban.Ba tare da la'akari da akidar addini na sarakunansu ba, jihohi sukan bi duk muhimman ƙungiyoyi da hannu.A cewar Hazra, addinin Buddha ya ragu a wani bangare saboda haɓakar Brahmins da tasirinsu a cikin tsarin zamantakewa da siyasa.A cewar wasu malamai irin su Lars Fogelin, raguwar addinin Buddah na iya kasancewa da alaka da dalilai na tattalin arziki, inda gidajen addinin Buddah da ke da tallafin filaye da yawa sun mayar da hankali kan abubuwan da ba na kayan aiki ba, ware kansu na gidajen ibada, hasara a cikin horo a cikin sangha. da kuma rashin gudanar da aikin gona yadda ya kamata.Sufaye mabiya addinin Buddah sun yi watsi da sufi da cibiyoyi irin su Nalanda a shekara ta 1200 AZ, waɗanda suka gudu don tserewa sojojin musulmi da suka mamaye, bayan haka wurin ya lalace kan mulkin Musulunci a Indiya wanda ya biyo baya.
Zen Buddhism a Japan
Zen Buddhism a Japan ©HistoryMaps
1200 Jan 1

Zen Buddhism a Japan

Japan
Zen, Ƙasa mai tsarki, da addinin Buddha Nichiren da aka kafa a Japan.Wani saitin sabbin makarantun Kamakura ya haɗa da manyan makarantun Zen guda biyu na Japan (Rinzai da Sōtō), waɗanda sufaye irin su Eisai da Dōgen suka yi, waɗanda ke jaddada 'yanci ta hanyar fahimtar tunani (zazen).Dōgen (1200-1253) ya fara babban malamin tunani da abbot.Ya gabatar da zuriyar Canjin Caodong, wanda zai girma zuwa makarantar Soto.Ya soki ra'ayoyi kamar shekarun ƙarshe na Dharma (mapō), da kuma yin addu'ar apotropaic.
Tadawa addinin Buddha
1893 Majalisar Addini ta Duniya a Chicago ©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1900 Jan 1

Tadawa addinin Buddha

United States
Ana iya danganta sake dawowar addinin Buddha ga dalilai da yawa, ciki har da:Shige da fice: A ƙarshen ƙarni na 19 da farkon 20, an sami kwararar baƙi 'yan Asiya zuwa ƙasashen Yamma, waɗanda yawancinsu mabiya addinin Buddha ne.Wannan ya jawo addinin Buddah ga hankalin Turawan Yamma kuma ya kai ga kafa al’ummomin Buda a Yamma.Sha'awar Ilimi: Malaman Yamma sun fara sha'awar addinin Buddha a farkon karni na 20, wanda ya kai ga fassarar rubutun Buddha da nazarin falsafar Buddha da tarihi.Wannan ya kara fahimtar addinin Buddah a tsakanin turawan yamma.Ƙaddamarwa: A cikin 1960s da 1970s, an yi wani yunkuri na yaki da al'adu a Yamma wanda ke da ra'ayin kin kafawa, mai da hankali kan ruhaniya da ci gaban mutum, da sha'awar addinan Gabas.Ana kallon addinin Buddah a matsayin madadin addinan gargajiya na Yammacin Turai kuma ya jawo hankalin matasa da yawa.Kafofin watsa labarun: Da zuwan intanet da kafofin watsa labarun, addinin Buddah ya zama mafi dacewa ga mutane a duniya.Al'ummomin kan layi, gidajen yanar gizo, da ƙa'idodi sun samar da dandamali don mutane su koyi game da addinin Buddha da haɗi tare da sauran masu aiki.Gabaɗaya, buɗaɗɗen addinin Buddah a karni na 20 ya haifar da kafa al'ummomi da cibiyoyi na Buddha a yammacin duniya, kuma ya sanya addinin Buddha ya zama mafi bayyane kuma yarda da addini a cikin al'ummomin Yammacin Turai.

Characters



Drogön Chögyal Phagpa

Drogön Chögyal Phagpa

Sakya School of Tibetan Buddhism

Zhi Qian

Zhi Qian

Chinese Buddhist

Xuanzang

Xuanzang

Chinese Buddhist Monk

Dōgen

Dōgen

Founder of the Sōtō School

Migettuwatte Gunananda Thera

Migettuwatte Gunananda Thera

Sri Lankan Sinhala Buddhist Orator

Kūkai

Kūkai

Founder of Shingon school of Buddhism

Hermann Oldenberg

Hermann Oldenberg

German Scholar of Indology

Ashoka

Ashoka

Mauryan Emperor

Mahākāśyapa

Mahākāśyapa

Principal disciple of Gautama Buddha

The Buddha

The Buddha

Awakened One

Max Müller

Max Müller

Philologist and Orientalist

Mazu Daoyi

Mazu Daoyi

Influential Abbot of Chan Buddhism

Henry Steel Olcott

Henry Steel Olcott

Co-founder of the Theosophical Society

Faxian

Faxian

Chinese Buddhist Monk

Eisai

Eisai

Founder of the Rinzai school

Jayavarman VII

Jayavarman VII

King of the Khmer Empire

Linji Yixuan

Linji Yixuan

Founder of Linji school of Chan Buddhism

Kanishka

Kanishka

Emperor of the Kushan Dynasty

An Shigao

An Shigao

Buddhist Missionary to China

Saichō

Saichō

Founder of Tendai school of Buddhism

References



  • Beal, Samuel (1884). Si-Yu-Ki: Buddhist Records of the Western World, by Hiuen Tsiang. 2 vols. Translated by Samuel Beal. London. 1884. Reprint: Delhi. Oriental Books Reprint Corporation. 1969
  • Beal, Samuel (1884). Si-Yu-Ki: Buddhist Records of the Western World, by Hiuen Tsiang. 2 vols. Translated by Samuel Beal. London. 1884. Reprint: Delhi. Oriental Books Reprint Corporation. 1969
  • Eliot, Charles, "Hinduism and Buddhism: An Historical Sketch" (vol. 1–3), Routledge, London 1921, ISBN 81-215-1093-7
  • Keown, Damien, "Dictionary of Buddhism", Oxford University Press, 2003, ISBN 0-19-860560-9
  • Takakusu, J., I-Tsing, A Record of the Buddhist Religion : As Practised in India and the Malay Archipelago (A.D. 671–695), Clarendon press 1896. Reprint. New Delhi, AES, 2005, lxiv, 240 p., ISBN 81-206-1622-7.