History of France

Yakin Napoleon
Napoleon a filin Eylau ©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1803 May 18 - 1815 Nov 20

Yakin Napoleon

Central Europe
Yakin Napoleon (1803-1815) jerin manyan tashe-tashen hankula ne na duniya da suka addabi Daular Faransa da kawayenta, karkashin jagorancin Napoleon I, a kan jujjuyawar jahohin Turai da aka kafa cikin kawance daban-daban.Ya samar da lokacin mamayar Faransa akan yawancin nahiyar Turai.Yaƙe-yaƙe sun samo asali ne daga rikice-rikicen da ba a warware su ba da ke da alaƙa da juyin juya halin Faransa da yakin juyin juya halin Faransa wanda ya ƙunshi yakin haɗin gwiwar farko (1792-1797) da yakin haɗin gwiwa na biyu (1798-1802).Yaƙe-yaƙe na Napoleon galibi ana kwatanta su azaman rikice-rikice biyar, kowannensu ana kiransa bayan haɗin gwiwar da ya yaƙi Napoleon: Haɗin kai na Uku (1803-1806), Na huɗu (1806-07), Na Biyar (1809), Na Shida (1813–14). da na Bakwai (1815) tare da Yakin Peninsular (1807-1814) da mamayewar Faransawa na Rasha (1812).Napoleon, bayan ya hau karamin jakadan Faransa na farko a shekara ta 1799, ya gaji jamhuriya cikin rudani;daga bisani ya samar da jiha mai tsayayyen kudi, da tsarin mulki mai karfi, da kwararrun sojoji.A cikin Disamba 1805 Napoleon ya sami abin da ake la'akari da nasararsa mafi girma, inda ya kayar da sojojin Russo-Austriya a Austerlitz.A cikin teku, Birtaniya sun yi mummunar kayar da sojojin ruwa na hadin gwiwa na Franco-Spanish a yakin Trafalgar a ranar 21 ga Oktoba 1805. Wannan nasara ta tabbatar da ikon Birtaniyya na teku tare da hana mamaye Birtaniya.Damuwa da karuwar ikon Faransa, Prussia ta jagoranci ƙirƙirar Haɗin kai na Hudu tare da Rasha, Saxony, da Sweden, wanda ya sake komawa yaƙi a watan Oktoba 1806. Napoleon ya ci nasara a kan Prussians a Jena da Rasha a Friedland da sauri, ya kawo zaman lafiya a nahiyar.Zaman lafiya ya kasa, ko da yake, yayin da yakin ya barke a 1809, tare da Ƙungiyar Ƙungiya ta biyar, jagorancin Austria.Da farko, 'yan Ostiriya sun sami nasara mai ban mamaki a Aspern-Essling, amma an yi nasara da sauri a Wagram.Da fatan keɓewa da raunana Biritaniya ta fannin tattalin arziki ta hanyar Tsarin Nahiyarsa, Napoleon ya ƙaddamar da mamayar ƙasar Portugal , abokiyar kawancen Biritaniya kaɗai da ta rage a nahiyar Turai.Bayan ya mamaye Lisbon a watan Nuwamba 1807, kuma tare da yawancin sojojin Faransa da ke Spain, Napoleon ya yi amfani da damar da ya bijire wa tsohon abokinsa, ya kori gidan sarauta na Spain mai mulki kuma ya bayyana ɗan'uwansa Sarkin Spain a 1808 a matsayin José I. MutanenEspanya. kuma Portuguese sun yi tawaye tare da goyon bayan Birtaniya kuma sun kori Faransanci daga Iberia a 1814 bayan shekaru shida na yakin.A lokaci guda kuma, Rasha, ba ta son ɗaukar sakamakon tattalin arziki na raguwar ciniki, ta saba keta tsarin Nahiyar Turai akai-akai, wanda ya sa Napoleon ya kaddamar da wani gagarumin mamayewa a Rasha a 1812. Sakamakon yakin ya ƙare a cikin bala'i ga Faransa da kuma kusan halakar Grande Armée na Napoleon.Ƙarfafawa ta hanyar shan kashi, Ostiriya, Prussia, Sweden, da Rasha sun kafa haɗin gwiwa na shida kuma suka fara sabon yakin da Faransa, da kayar da Napoleon a Leipzig a watan Oktoba 1813 bayan da dama da ba su dace ba.Daga nan ne kasashen kawancen suka mamaye kasar Faransa daga gabas, yayin da yakin Peninsular ya fantsama zuwa kudu maso yammacin Faransa.Sojojin haɗin gwiwar sun kamaParis a ƙarshen Maris 1814 kuma suka tilasta Napoleon ya yi murabus a cikin Afrilu.An kai shi gudun hijira zuwa tsibirin Elba, kuma an maido da Bourbons kan mulki.Amma Napoleon ya tsere a watan Fabrairun 1815, kuma ya sake dawo da ikon Faransa na kusan kwanaki dari.Bayan kafa Haɗin kai na Bakwai, ƙawancen sun ci shi a Waterloo a watan Yuni 1815 kuma suka kai shi tsibirin Saint Helena, inda ya mutu bayan shekaru shida.Majalisar Vienna ta sake gyara iyakokin Turai kuma ta kawo lokacin zaman lafiya.Yaƙe-yaƙe sun sami babban sakamako a tarihin duniya, waɗanda suka haɗa da yaduwar kishin ƙasa da sassaucin ra'ayi, haɓakar Biritaniya a matsayin babbar ƙasa ta ruwa da ƙarfin tattalin arziki, bayyanar ƙungiyoyin 'yancin kai a Latin Amurka da koma bayan daular Sipaniya da Portugal, tushen asali. sake tsara yankunan Jamus da Italiya zuwa manyan jahohi, da bullo da sabbin hanyoyin gudanar da yaki, da kuma dokar farar hula.Bayan karshen yakin Napoleon an sami zaman lafiya na dangi a nahiyar Turai, wanda ya kasance har zuwa yakin Crimean a 1853.
An sabunta ta ƙarsheMon Feb 06 2023

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