Yakin Peninsular

Kasar Spain ta yi kawance da Faransa da Birtaniya tun bayan yarjejeniyar San Ildefonso ta biyu a shekara ta 1796. Bayan da Birtaniya ta sha kaye a hadakar jiragen ruwan Spain da na Faransa a yakin Trafalgar a shekara ta 1805, sai aka fara samun tsage-tsafe a cikin kawancen, tare da fatattakarsu. Kasar Spain na shirin mamaye Faransa daga kudancin kasar bayan barkewar yakin kawance na hudu .A shekara ta 1806, Spain ta shirya don mamayewa idan akwai nasarar Prussian, amma Napoleon na yakin da sojojin Prussian suka yi a yakin Jena-Auerstaedt ya sa Spain ta koma baya.Duk da haka, Spain ta ci gaba da jin haushin asarar jiragenta a Trafalgar da gaskiyar cewa an tilasta mata shiga Tsarin Nahiyar .Duk da haka, ƙawancen biyu sun amince su raba Portugal , abokin ciniki na Biritaniya mai dadewa kuma abokin tarayya, wanda ya ƙi shiga Tsarin Nahiyar.Napoleon yana da cikakkiyar masaniya game da mummunan yanayin tattalin arzikin Spain da mulkinsa, da raunin siyasarsa.Ya yarda cewa ba shi da ƙima a matsayin abokin tarayya a cikin halin da ake ciki yanzu.Ya dage kan sanya sojojin Faransa a Spain don shiryawa Faransa hari na Portugal, amma da zarar an yi haka, ya ci gaba da tura karin sojojin Faransa zuwa Spain ba tare da wata alamar ci gaba ba zuwa Portugal.Kasancewar sojojin Faransa a kasar Spain ya kasance ba a so sosai a Spain, wanda ya haifar da Tumult na Aranjuez da magoya bayan Ferdinand, mai jiran gadon sarauta suka yi.Charles IV na Spain ya yi murabus a watan Maris na 1808 sannan kuma an kori firaministansa Manuel de Godoy.An ayyana Ferdinand a matsayin halaltaccen sarki, kuma ya koma Madrid yana sa ran zai fara aikinsa na sarki.Napoleon Bonaparte ya kira Ferdinand zuwa Bayonne, Faransa, kuma Ferdinand ya tafi, yana tsammanin Bonaparte ya amince da matsayinsa na sarki.Napoleon ya kuma gayyaci Charles IV, wanda ya zo daban.Napoleon ya matsa wa Ferdinand ya yi murabus don neman mahaifinsa, wanda ya yi murabus a karkashin tilas.Daga nan sai Charles IV ya yi murabus ya goyi bayan Napoleon, tunda ba ya son ɗansa da aka raina ya zama magajin sarauta.Napoleon ya sanya ɗan'uwansa Yusufu a kan karaga.An tsara yin murabus din ne don kiyaye halaccin sabon sarkin dake zaune.

Ya damu da cewa Biritaniya na iya shiga tsakani a Portugal , tsohuwar tsohuwar abokiyar mahimmanci, ko kuma Portuguese za su iya tsayayya, Napoleon ya yanke shawarar hanzarta jadawalin mamayewa, kuma ya umurci Junot ya matsa yamma daga Alcántara tare da kwarin Tagus zuwa Portugal, nisa na 120 kawai. mil (193 km).A ranar 19 ga Nuwamba 1807, Junot ya tashi zuwa Lisbon kuma ya mamaye shi a ranar 30 ga Nuwamba.Yarima mai jiran gado John ya tsere, yana loda danginsa, fadawansa, takaddun gwamnati da dukiyoyi a cikin jirgin, Burtaniya ta kare, ya gudu zuwa Brazil .Manyan mutane da ‘yan kasuwa da sauran su ne suka hada shi da gudu.Tare da jiragen ruwan yaki 15 da jigilar kaya sama da 20, rundunar 'yan gudun hijirar sun yi nauyi a ranar 29 ga Nuwamba kuma suka tashi zuwa kasar Brazil.Jirgin ya kasance cikin hargitsi har an bar wasu kuloli 14 da aka yi makil da kaya a kan tasoshin.A matsayin daya daga cikin ayyukan farko na Junot, an raba kadarorin wadanda suka yi gudun hijira zuwa Brazil, sannan an dora alhakin biyan diyya na miliyan 100.Sojojin sun zama Legion na Portugal, kuma sun tafi Arewacin Jamus don yin aikin garison.Junot ya yi iyakacin kokarinsa wajen kwantar da hankulan lamarin ta hanyar kokarin ganin an shawo kan sojojinsa.Yayin da hukumomin Portugal suka kasance masu biyayya ga Faransawa mamaya, talakawan Portuguese sun fusata, kuma haraji mai tsanani ya haifar da fushi a tsakanin jama'a.Ya zuwa watan Janairun 1808, an yi kisa na mutanen da suka bijirewa umarnin Faransawa.Lamarin ya kasance mai haɗari, amma yana buƙatar faɗakarwa daga waje don canza tashin hankali zuwa tawaye.

A ranar 2 ga Mayu ne jama'a suka fara taruwa a gaban fadar sarauta a Madrid.Wadanda suka taru sun shiga harabar fadar ne a yunkurin hana tsige Francisco de Paula.Marshal Murat ya aike da bataliyar ‘yan gurneti daga Daular Guard zuwa fadar tare da wasu ‘yan bindiga.Daga karshe dai ya bude wuta kan jama'ar da suka taru, kuma tawayen ya fara yaduwa zuwa wasu sassan birnin.Abin da ya biyo baya shi ne fadan tituna a yankuna daban-daban na Madrid yayin da mutanen da ba su da makami suka fuskanci sojojin Faransa.Murat ya gaggauta tura yawancin sojojinsa zuwa cikin birnin kuma an yi ta fama da rikici a kusa da Puerta del Sol da Puerta de Toledo.Marshal Murat ya kafa dokar ta-baci a birnin kuma ya karbi cikakken ikon gudanar da mulki.Kadan kadan Faransawa sun dawo da iko da birnin, kuma daruruwan mutane sun mutu a fadan.Zanen da ɗan wasan Spain Goya ya yi, mai suna The Charge of the Mamelukes, ya nuna faɗan da aka yi a kan titi.Mamelukes na Daular Guard suna fada da mazauna Madrid a cikin Puerta del Sol, sanye da rawani da yin amfani da scimitars masu lankwasa, ya tunzura tunanin musulmin Spain .Akwai sojojin Spain da aka jibge a birnin, amma sun kasance a cikin bariki.Sojojin Spain kawai da suka yi rashin biyayya ga oda sun fito ne daga rukunin manyan bindigogi a bariki na Monteleón, wanda ya shiga tawaye.Jami'ai biyu na wadannan sojoji, Luis Daoíz de Torres da Pedro Velarde y Santillán har yanzu ana tunawa da su a matsayin jaruman tawaye.Dukansu sun mutu ne a lokacin harin da Faransa ta kai wa barikin, yayin da aka rage yawan 'yan tawayen da adadi mai yawa.

A shekara ta 1808, Napoleon, a ƙarƙashin ƙiren ƙarya na warware rikicin, ya gayyaci Charles IV da Ferdinand VII zuwa Bayonne, Faransa.Dukansu sun ji tsoron ikon mulkin Faransa kuma suna ganin ya dace su karɓi gayyatar.Duk da haka, sau ɗaya a Bayonne, Napoleon ya tilasta su duka su yi watsi da kursiyin kuma ya ba da kansa.Daga nan ne Sarkin ya nada dan uwansa Joseph Bonaparte Sarkin Spain.Wannan shirin ana kiransa da Abdications of Bayonne, ko Abdicaciones de Bayona a cikin Mutanen Espanya

A lokacin yakin Peninsular, musamman a makonnin farko na watan Yunin 1808, sojojin Napoleon sun sha wahala sosai wajen kiyaye hanyoyin sadarwa tsakanin Madrid da Andalusia, musamman saboda ayyukan ’yan daba a Saliyo.Harin farko a kusa da Despeñaperros ya faru ne a ranar 5 ga watan Yunin 1808, lokacin da aka kai hari ga wasu tawaga biyu na dragoons na Faransa a ƙofar arewa zuwa hanyar wucewa kuma aka tilasta musu ja da baya zuwa garin Almuradiel da ke kusa.A ranar 19 ga watan Yuni aka umurci Janar Vedel ya nufi kudu daga Toledo tare da rukunin mutane 6,000, dawakai 700 da bindigogi 12 don tilastawa tsallakawa Saliyo Morena, rike tsaunuka daga gungun 'yan ta'adda tare da hadewa da Dupont, tare da sasanta Castile-La Mancha. tare da hanya.Vedel ya kasance tare da shi yayin tafiya ta wasu ƙananan sojoji a ƙarƙashin Janar Roize da Ligier-Belair.A ranar 26 ga watan Yunin 1808 Rukunin Vedel ya yi galaba a kan tawagar Laftanar-Kanar Valdecaños na sojojin Spain da 'yan tawaye tare da bindigu shida da suka toshe hanyar dutsen Puerta del Rey kuma washegari ya sadu da Dupont a La Carolina, ya sake kafa hanyoyin sadarwa na soja tare da Madrid bayan wata guda. rushewa.A ƙarshe, sashin Janar Gobert ya tashi daga Madrid a ranar 2 ga Yuli don ƙarfafa Dupont.Duk da haka, Brigadi daya ne kawai na sashinsa ya isa Dupont, sauran kuma ana bukatar su rike hanyar arewa don yakar ’yan daba.

Sifen farko na Zaragoza (wanda kuma ake kira Saragossa) gwagwarmaya ce mai zubar da jini a cikin Yakin Peninsular (1807-1814).Sojojin Faransa karkashin Janar Lefebvre-Desnouettes kuma daga baya Janar Jean-Antoine Verdier ya umarce shi, suka yi ta kai farmaki akai-akai, kuma aka fatattake su daga birnin Zaragoza na Spain a lokacin rani na 1808.

Tsakanin 16 zuwa 19 ga Yuli, sojojin Spain sun haɗu a kan wuraren Faransanci da suka shimfiɗa tare da ƙauyuka a Guadalquivir kuma sun kai hari a wurare da dama, wanda ya tilasta masu kare Faransanci masu rikicewa su canza rarrabuwa ta wannan hanya.Tare da Castaños ya liƙa Dupont a ƙasa a Andújar, Reding ya yi nasarar tilasta kogin a Mengibar ya kama Bailén, yana shiga tsakanin fikafikai biyu na sojojin Faransa.An kama shi tsakanin Castaños da Reding, Dupont ya yi ƙoƙari a banza don keta layin Mutanen Espanya a Bailén a cikin tuhume-tuhume uku na jini da matsananciyar wahala, yana fama da rauni 2,000, gami da kansa da ya ji rauni.Tare da mutanensa ba su da wadata kuma ba tare da ruwa ba a cikin zafi mai zafi, Dupont ya shiga tattaunawa da Mutanen Espanya.A ƙarshe Vedel ya isa, amma ya makara.A cikin tattaunawar, Dupont ya amince ya mika wuya ba kawai nasa ba amma sojojin Vedel kuma duk da cewa sojojin na karshen suna waje da kewayen Mutanen Espanya tare da kyakkyawar damar tserewa;An kama mutane 17,000, wanda ya sa Bailén ya zama mafi munin shan kashi da Faransawa suka sha a gaba dayan Yaƙin Tsibirin.Za a mayar da mutanen zuwa Faransa, amma Mutanen Espanya ba su mutunta sharuɗɗan mika wuya ba kuma sun tura su tsibirin Cabrera, inda yawancin suka mutu saboda yunwa.Lokacin da labarin bala'in ya isa kotun Joseph Bonaparte a Madrid, sakamakon ya kasance ja da baya ga Ebro, ya bar yawancin Spain ga 'yan tawaye.Makiya Faransa a duk faɗin Turai sun yi murna da wannan babbar nasara ta farko da aka yi wa sojojin Daular Faransa waɗanda ba za su iya doke su ba."Spaniya ta yi murna sosai, Biritaniya ta yi murna, Faransa ta firgita, Napoleon kuma ya fusata. Wannan shi ne babban cin nasara da daular Napoleon ta taba fuskanta, kuma, fiye da haka, wanda wani abokin adawar da sarki bai shafi kome ba sai raini." Tatsuniyoyi na jarumtakar Mutanen Espanya sun zaburar da Ostiriya kuma sun nuna ƙarfin juriya ga Napoleon a duk faɗin ƙasar, wanda ya haifar da haɓakar Haɗin gwiwa ta biyar akan Faransa.

Shigar da Biritaniya ta yi a cikin Yakin Tsibirin Peninsular shi ne farkon wani dogon yaƙin neman zaɓe a Turai don ƙara ƙarfin sojan Burtaniya a kan ƙasa da kuma 'yantar da yankin Iberian daga Faransa.A cikin watan Agustan 1808, sojojin Birtaniya 15,000 - ciki har da na King's German Legion - sun sauka a Portugal a karkashin jagorancin Laftanar-Janar Sir Arthur Wellesley, wanda ya kori Henri François Delaborde na dakarun 4,000 a Roliça a ranar 17 ga watan Agusta, kuma ya kashe babban karfi. maza a Vimeiro.An maye gurbin Wellesley da farko da Sir Harry Burrard sannan kuma Sir Hew Dalrymple.Dalrymple ya bai wa Junot wani ƙaura daga Portugal da Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Royal Navy a cikin Rigima na Cintra a watan Agusta.A farkon Oktoba 1808, bayan abin kunya a Biritaniya game da Yarjejeniyar Sintra da kuma tunawa da Janar Dalrymple, Burrard, da Wellesley, Sir John Moore ya jagoranci sojojin Birtaniya 30,000 a Portugal.Bugu da kari, Sir David Baird, wanda ke jagorantar wani balaguro na karfafawa daga Falmouth wanda ya kunshi jigilar kaya 150 dauke da mutane 12,000 zuwa 13,000, wadanda HMS Louie, HMS Amelia da HMS Champion suka yi masa, ya shiga tashar ruwan Corunna a ranar 13 ga Oktoba.Matsalolin dabaru da gudanarwa sun hana duk wani hari na Burtaniya nan take.A halin yanzu, Birtaniya sun ba da gudummawa mai mahimmanci ga aikin Mutanen Espanya ta hanyar taimakawa wajen kwashe wasu mutane 9,000 na La Romana na Arewa daga Denmark.A watan Agustan 1808, jiragen ruwa na Baltic na Birtaniya sun taimaka wajen jigilar Mutanen Espanya, sai dai guda uku da suka kasa tserewa, komawa Spain ta hanyar Gothenburg a Sweden.Ƙungiyar ta isa Santander a watan Oktoba 1808.

A yakin Vimeiro a ranar 21 ga Agusta 1808, Birtaniya karkashin Janar Arthur Wellesley (wanda daga baya ya zama Duke na Wellington) ya ci Faransanci a karkashin Manjo-Janar Jean-Andoche Junot kusa da ƙauyen Vimeiro, kusa da Lisbon, Portugal a lokacin yakin Peninsular. .Wannan yakin ya kawo karshen mamayar da Faransa ta yi wa Portugal na farko.Kwanaki hudu bayan yakin Roliça, sojojin Faransa karkashin Janar Junot sun kai wa sojojin Wellesley hari a kusa da kauyen Vimeiro.Yaƙin ya fara ne a matsayin yaƙin motsa jiki, tare da sojojin Faransa sun yi ƙoƙarin yin waje da Birtaniya, amma Wellesley ya sami damar sake tura sojojinsa don fuskantar harin.A halin da ake ciki, Junot ya aika a cikin ginshiƙai biyu na tsakiya amma an tilasta musu baya ta hanyar dorewar dakarun da ke cikin layi.Ba da da ewa ba, an buge harin da aka kai, Junot ya koma kan Torres Vedras, bayan da ya yi asarar maza 2,000 da kuma 13, idan aka kwatanta da asarar Anglo-Portuguese 700.Ba a yi ƙoƙari ba saboda Wellesley ya maye gurbin Sir Harry Burrard sannan Sir Hew Dalrymple (wanda ya isa lokacin yaƙin, na biyu ba da daɗewa ba).Bayan cin nasarar Faransa, Dalrymple ya ba Faransanci ƙarin sharuɗɗa masu karimci fiye da yadda za su yi fata.A karkashin yarjejeniyar Sintra, sojojin ruwa na Birtaniya sun dawo da sojojin da aka ci nasara a Faransa, tare da kayan ganima, bindigogi da kayan aiki.Yarjejeniyar Sintra ta haifar da kururuwa a Biritaniya.Wani bincike da aka yi a hukumance ya wanke dukkan mutanen uku amma duka rundunar soja da ra'ayin jama'a sun zargi Dalrymple da Burrard.Dukan mutanen biyu an ba su mukaman gudanarwa kuma ba su da wani umarnin filin kuma.Wellesley, wanda ya yi adawa da yarjejeniyar, an mayar da shi zuwa aiki mai aiki a Spain da Portugal.

Bayan mika wuya ga sojojin Faransa a Bailén da kuma asarar Portugal, Napoleon ya gamsu da hadarin da ya fuskanta a Spain.Tare da Armée d'Espagne na mutane 278,670 da aka zana a kan Ebro, suna fuskantar 80,000 raw, marasa tsari na Mutanen Espanya, Napoleon da marshals sun gudanar da wani babban lullubi na layin Mutanen Espanya a cikin Nuwamba 1808. Napoleon ya buge da karfi mai karfi da kuma tsaron Spain. An ƙafe a Burgos, Tudela, Espinosa da Somosierra.Madrid ta mika kanta a ranar 1 ga Disamba.An mayar da Joseph Bonaparte kan karagarsa.An tilasta wa Junta barin Madrid a watan Nuwamba 1808, kuma ya zauna a Alcázar na Seville daga 16 Disamba 1808 har zuwa 23 Janairu 1810. A Catalonia, Laurent Gouvion Saint-Cyr's 17,000 mai karfi VII Corps ya kewaye kuma ya kama Roses daga Garrison Spanish. , ya lalata wani ɓangare na sojojin Spain na Juan Miguel de Vives y Feliu a Cardedeu kusa da Barcelona a ranar 16 ga Disamba kuma ya fatattaki Mutanen Espanya karkashin Conde de Caldagues da Theodor von Reding a Molins de Rei.

Yaƙin Burgos, wanda kuma aka fi sani da Yaƙin Gamonal, an yi yaƙi ne a ranar 10 ga Nuwamba, 1808, lokacin Yaƙin Peninsular a ƙauyen Gamonal, kusa da Burgos, Spain.Sojojin Faransa masu ƙarfi a ƙarƙashin Marshal Bessières sun mamaye tare da lalata sojojin Spain da suka fi yawa a ƙarƙashin Janar Belveder, buɗe tsakiyar Spain don mamayewa.

Yakin Tudela (23 ga Nuwamba 1808) ya ga sojojin Faransa na Imperial karkashin jagorancin Marshal Jean Lannes sun kai hari ga sojojin Spain karkashin Janar Castaños.Yakin dai ya haifar da cikakken nasarar sojojin daular Masarautar kan abokan gaba.Yaƙin ya faru ne a kusa da Tudela a Navarre, Spain a lokacin Yaƙin Peninsular, wani ɓangare na babban rikici da aka sani da Yaƙin Napoleon.

Yaƙin Somosierra ya faru ne a ranar 30 ga Nuwamba 1808, a lokacin Yaƙin Peninsular, lokacin da hadin gwiwar sojojin Franco-Spanish-Polish da ke ƙarƙashin jagorancin Napoleon Bonaparte kai tsaye ya tilasta wa wasu 'yan tawayen Spain da ke Saliyo de Guadarrama kariya, wanda ya kare Madrid daga kai tsaye. Harin Faransa.A hanyar wucewar dutsen Somosierra mai nisan mil 60 (kilomita 97) arewacin Madrid, wani rukunin sojojin Spain da suka fi yawa a cikin rundunar soja da manyan bindigogi karkashin Benito de San Juan da nufin toshe ci gaban Napoleon a babban birnin Spain.Napoleon ya mamaye matsayi na Mutanen Espanya a cikin wani harin makami mai hade da juna, ya aika da Chevau-légers na Poland na Tsaron Imperial a cikin bindigogin Mutanen Espanya yayin da sojojin Faransa suka hau kan gangara.Nasarar ta kawar da cikas na ƙarshe da ya hana hanyar zuwa Madrid, wanda ya faɗi bayan kwanaki da yawa.

Madrid ta mika kanta a ranar 1 ga Disamba.An mayar da Joseph Bonaparte kan karagarsa.An tilasta Junta barin Madrid a watan Nuwamba 1808, kuma ya zauna a Alcázar na Seville daga 16 Disamba 1808 har zuwa 23 ga Janairu 1810.

Kawanya ta biyu na Zaragoza ita ce kamun da Faransa ta yi wa birnin Zaragoza na kasar Sipaniya (wanda aka fi sani da Saragossa) a lokacin yakin Peninsular.An lura da shi musamman don rashin tausayi.Birnin ya fi na Faransa yawa.Duk da haka, matsananciyar tsayin daka da Sojoji na Reserve da abokansa na farar hula suka yi ya kasance jaruntaka: babban yanki na birnin ya lalace, sansanin ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar 24,000 da fararen hula 30,000 suka mutu.

Junta ya karbi jagorancin kokarin yakin Spain kuma ya kafa harajin yaki, ya shirya sojojin La Mancha, ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar kawance da Birtaniya a ranar 14 ga Janairu 1809 kuma ya ba da dokar sarauta a ranar 22 ga Mayu don yin taro a Cortes.Yunkurin Sojojin Sipaniya na cibiyar na sake kwato Madrid ya ƙare tare da lalata sojojin Spain gabaɗaya a Uclés a ranar 13 ga Janairu ta Victor's I Corps.Faransawa sun rasa maza 200 yayin da abokan hamayyarsu na Spain suka yi rashin nasara 6,887.Sarki Yusufu ya yi nasarar shiga Madrid bayan yakin.

Yaƙin Corunna (ko A Coruña, La Corunna, La Coruña ko La Corogne), a ƙasar Spain da aka fi sani da Yaƙin Elviña, ya faru ne a ranar 16 ga Janairun 1809, lokacin da wasu gawawwakin Faransawa a ƙarƙashin Marshal na Daular Jean de Dieu Soult suka kai wa Bature hari. sojojin karkashin Laftanar-Janar Sir John Moore.An gwabza yaƙin ne a tsakanin Yaƙin Tsibiri, wanda wani yanki ne na Yaƙin Napoleon mai faɗi.Sakamakon wani kamfen na Faransa, karkashin jagorancin Napoleon, wanda ya yi galaba a kan sojojin Spain, kuma ya sa sojojin Birtaniya suka janye zuwa gabar teku, sakamakon rashin nasara da Moore ya yi na kai hari ga sojojin Soult tare da karkatar da sojojin Faransa.Ƙarƙashin ikon Faransanci a ƙarƙashin Soult, Birtaniya sun yi ja da baya a arewacin Spain yayin da masu kare su suka yi yaki da hare-haren Faransa.Duka rundunonin biyu sun sha wahala sosai daga yanayin sanyi mai tsanani.Yawancin sojojin Birtaniya, ban da Brigade Light Brigade a karkashin Robert Craufurd, sun sha wahala daga asarar tsari da horo a lokacin ja da baya.Lokacin da Turawan Ingila suka isa tashar jiragen ruwa na Corunna da ke arewacin gabar tekun Galicia a Spain, ’yan kwanaki kafin Faransawa, sai suka tarar da jiragen ruwansu ba su iso ba.Rundunar ta isa ne bayan kwanaki biyu kuma Birtaniya na cikin hawan lokacin da sojojin Faransa suka kaddamar da hari.Sun tilasta wa Burtaniya sake yin wani yakin kafin su iya tashi zuwa Ingila.A sakamakon haka, Birtaniya sun dakatar da hare-haren Faransa har zuwa dare, lokacin da sojojin biyu suka rabu.Sojojin Birtaniyya sun dawo da jirginsu cikin dare;jigilar na ƙarshe da aka bari da safe a ƙarƙashin wuta na Faransa.Amma garuruwan Corunna da Ferrol da ke tashar jiragen ruwa, da kuma arewacin Spain, Faransawa ne suka kama su kuma suka mamaye su.A lokacin yakin, Sir John Moore, kwamandan Birtaniya, ya ji rauni, ya mutu bayan ya sami labarin cewa mutanensa sun yi nasarar dakile hare-haren Faransa.

Rundunar 4th na Faransa (tare da ƙungiyar Poland da aka haɗe a ƙarƙashin Janar Valance) dole ne su haye gada akan kogin Guadiana wanda ƙungiyar Mutanen Espanya na Count Urbina Cartaojal suka kare.Lancen 'yan Poland na Legion of the Vistula karkashin Kanar Jan Konopka ne suka caje ta gadar suna daukar ta cikin mamaki, sannan suka yi waje da sojojin Spain suka kai musu hari daga baya yayin da manyan sojojin Faransa da na Poland suka tsallaka gadar, suka kai hari kan layin gaba na Spain.Yaƙin ya ƙare lokacin da sojojin Spain marasa horo suka tarwatse, suka fara ja da baya a hanyar Santa Cruz.

Victor ya fara tukin kudanci tare da manufar lalata Sojojin Estremadura, wanda Janar Cuesta ya umarta, wanda ke ja da baya a gaban ci gaban Faransa.A ranar 27 ga Maris, an ƙarfafa Cuesta tare da dakaru 7,000 kuma ya yanke shawarar ganawa da Faransanci a yaƙi maimakon ci gaba da janyewa.Wata rana ce mai bala'i ga Cuesta, wanda ya kusan rasa ransa a yakin.Wasu ƙididdiga sun nuna adadin Mutanen Espanya da aka kashe a mazaje 8,000, suna kirga duka yakin da kuma bayan kashe-kashen yaki, kuma an kama kimanin 2,000, yayin da Faransanci kawai ya sha wahala game da 1,000.Duk da haka, a cikin kwanaki na gaba masu aikin Faransa sun binne sojojin Spain 16,002 a cikin kaburbura.A saman wannan, Mutanen Espanya sun rasa 20 daga cikin 30 na bindigogi.Wannan shi ne babban rashin nasara na biyu na Cuesta a hannun Faransawa bayan Medina del Rio Seco a shekara ta 1808. Yaƙin ya ga nasarar fara cin nasara da Faransa ta mamaye Kudancin Spain.

Bayan Corunna, Soult ya mayar da hankalinsa ga mamayewar Portugal .Rage garrisons da marasa lafiya, Soult's II Corps yana da maza 20,000 don aikin.A ranar 26 ga watan Janairun shekarar 1809 ya kai hari sansanin sojojin ruwan Spain da ke Ferrol, inda ya kama jiragen ruwa guda takwas na layin, jiragen ruwa guda uku, da fursunoni dubu da dama da kuma 20,000 Brown Bess muskets, wadanda aka yi amfani da su don sake samar da kayan aikin sojojin Faransa.A cikin Maris na 1809, Soult ya mamaye Portugal ta hanyar arewaci, tare da sojojin Portugal 12,000 na Francisco da Silveira da ke kwance a cikin tarzoma da rikice-rikice, kuma a cikin kwanaki biyu na ketare iyakar Soult ya dauki kagara na Chaves.Swinging yamma, 16,000 na ƙwararrun sojojin Soult sun kai hari tare da kashe 4,000 daga cikin 25,000 marasa shiri da rashin tarbiyyar Portuguese a Braga akan farashin Faransawa 200.A cikin Yaƙin Farko na Porto a ranar 29 ga Maris, masu tsaron ƙasar Portugal sun firgita kuma suka yi asarar tsakanin mutane 6,000 zuwa 20,000 da suka mutu, suka jikkata ko kamawa da kayayyaki masu yawa.Wahalhalun da suka yi kasa da 500 da aka samu Soult ya tabbatar da birni na biyu na Portugal tare da kyawawan wuraren ajiye jiragen ruwa da manyan kayan tarihi.Soult ya tsaya a Porto don sake gyara sojojinsa kafin ya wuce Lisbon.

Wellesley ya koma Portugal a watan Afrilun 1809 don ba da umarni ga sojojin Burtaniya, tare da ƙarfafawa da tsarin mulkin Portuguese wanda Janar Beresford ya horar.Bayan da ya karbi ragamar jagorancin sojojin Birtaniya a Portugal a ranar 22 ga Afrilu, nan da nan Wellesley ya ci gaba da tafiya zuwa Porto kuma ya yi ban mamaki ya haye kogin Douro, yana zuwa Porto inda kariyar ta ta kasance mai rauni.Ƙoƙarin da Soult ta yi a ƙarshen ƙoƙarin tattara tsaro ya kasance a banza.Nan da nan Faransawa suka yi watsi da birnin a cikin rashin tsaro.Ba da daɗewa ba Soult ya ga an toshe hanyarsa ta zuwa gabas an toshe shi kuma an tilasta masa lalata masa bindigogi tare da kona jirgin sa na kaya.Wellesley ya bi sojojin Faransa, amma sojojin Soult sun tsere daga halaka ta hanyar gudu ta cikin tsaunuka.Janar Silveira ya kwato sauran garuruwan arewa.Yakin ya kawo karshen mamayar da Faransa ta yi wa Portugal na biyu.

A ranar 27 ga Maris, sojojin Spain sun fatattaki Faransawa a Vigo, sun sake kwace mafi yawan garuruwan lardin Pontevedra tare da tilastawa Faransawa komawa Santiago de Compostela.A ranar 7 ga watan Yuni ne sojojin kasar Faransa karkashin jagorancin Kanar Pablo Morillo suka fatattaki sojojin Faransa na Marshal Michel Ney a Puente Sanpayo da ke Pontevedra, sannan Ney da dakarunsa suka koma Lugo a ranar 9 ga watan Yuni yayin da 'yan tawayen Spain suka tursasa su.Sojojin Ney sun haɗu da na Soult kuma waɗannan sojojin sun janye a karo na ƙarshe daga Galicia a cikin Yuli 1809.

Tare da Portugal ta amince, Wellesley ya ci gaba zuwa Spain don haɗuwa da sojojin Cuesta.Victor's I Corps sun ja da baya a gabansu daga Talavera.Sojojin da ke bin Cuesta sun koma baya bayan da sojojin Victor suka kara karfi, wanda Marshal Jean-Baptiste Jourdan ke jagoranta, ya kori su.Bangarorin biyu na Burtaniya sun ci gaba don taimakawa Mutanen Espanya.A ranar 27 ga Yuli a yakin Talavera, Faransanci sun ci gaba a cikin ginshiƙai uku kuma an kori su sau da yawa, amma a kan tsada mai nauyi ga sojojin Anglo-Allied, wanda ya rasa mutane 7,500 don asarar Faransanci na 7,400.Wellesley ya janye daga Talavera a ranar 4 ga watan Agusta don gujewa katse shi da rundunar soji ta Soult, wacce ta yi galaba a kan sojojin Spain da ke tare da su a wani hari da suka tsallaka a kogin Tagus kusa da Puente del Arzobispo.Rashin kayayyaki da barazanar ƙarfafa Faransa a cikin bazara ya sa Wellington ta koma Portugal.Yunkurin Spain na kama Madrid bayan Talavera ya gaza a Almonacid, inda Sébastiani's IV Corps ya yi sanadin jikkata 5,500 a Spain, wanda ya tilasta musu ja da baya kan asarar Faransa 2,400.

An tilasta wa Majalisar Koli ta Tsakiya ta Tsakiya da Mulki ta Mulki ta Masarautar Masarautar Masarautar ta tilasta wa mutane kafa Cortes na Cádiz a lokacin rani na 1809. Junta ya fito da abin da yake fatan zai zama dabarun cin nasara a yaƙi, cin zarafi biyu zuwa sake kwace Madrid, wanda ya kunshi sojoji sama da 100,000 a cikin runduna uku karkashin Duke del Parque, Juan Carlos de Aréizaga da Duke na Alburquerque.Del Parque ya ci Jean Gabriel Marchand's VI Corps a yakin Tamames a ranar 18 ga Oktoba 1809 kuma ya mamaye Salamanca a ranar 25 ga Oktoba.François Étienne de Kellermann ya maye gurbin Marchand, wanda ya kawo ƙarfafawa a matsayin mutanensa da kuma Janar na Brigade Nicolas Godinot.Kellermann ya hau kan matsayin Del Parque a Salamanca, wanda nan da nan ya watsar da shi ya koma kudu.A halin da ake ciki, 'yan ta'adda a lardin León sun kara yawan ayyukansu.Kellermann ya bar VI Corps yana rike da Salamanca kuma ya koma León don kawar da tashin hankali.Soult ya lalata sojojin Aréizaga a yakin Ocaña a ranar 19 ga Nuwamba.Mutanen Spain sun rasa maza 19,000 idan aka kwatanta da asarar Faransawa na 2,000.Ba da daɗewa ba Albuquerque ya watsar da ƙoƙarinsa kusa da Talavera.Del Parque ya sake komawa Salamanca, inda ya kori daya daga cikin brigades na VI Corps daga Alba de Tormes kuma ya mamaye Salamanca a ranar 20 ga Nuwamba.Da fatan shiga tsakanin Kellermann da Madrid, Del Parque ya ci gaba zuwa Medina del Campo.Kellermann ya sake kai hari kuma an kore shi a yakin Carpio a ranar 23 ga Nuwamba.Washegari, Del Parque ya sami labarin bala'in Ocaña kuma ya gudu zuwa kudu, yana niyyar yin mafaka a tsaunukan tsakiyar Spain.A ranar 28 ga watan Nuwamba, Kellermann ya kai hari kan Del Parque a Alba de Tormes kuma ya ci shi bayan ya yi asarar maza 3,000.Sojojin Del Parque sun gudu zuwa cikin tsaunuka, ƙarfinsa ya ragu sosai ta hanyar yaƙi da rashin yaƙi a tsakiyar watan Janairu.

Faransawa sun mamaye Andalusia a ranar 19 ga Janairu 1810. Sojojin Faransa 60,000 - gawarwakin Victor, Mortier da Sebastiani tare da wasu tsare-tsare - sun ci gaba zuwa kudu don kai hari ga wuraren Spain.Cike da damuwa a kowane lokaci, mutanen Aréizaga sun gudu zuwa gabas da kudu, suna barin gari bayan gari don fadawa hannun abokan gaba.Sakamakon juyin juya hali.A ranar 23 ga Janairu Junta Central ta yanke shawarar guduwa zuwa amincin Cádiz.Daga nan ta narkar da kanta a ranar 29 ga Janairun 1810 kuma ta kafa Majalisar Mulki ta Spain da Indies mai mutum biyar, wanda aka tuhume shi da kiran Cortes.Soult ya share duk Kudancin Spain ban da Cádiz, wanda ya bar Victor ya toshe shi.An maye gurbin tsarin juntas da tsarin mulki da Cortes na Cádiz, wanda ya kafa gwamnati ta dindindin a ƙarƙashin Kundin Tsarin Mulki na 1812.

Cadiz tana da kakkarfan katanga, yayin da tashar jiragen ruwa ke cike da jiragen ruwan yaki na Burtaniya da Spain.Sojojin Alburquerque da Voluntarios Distinguidos sun sami ƙarfafa daga sojoji 3,000 da suka tsere daga Seville, da kuma brigade na Anglo-Portuguese wanda Janar William Stewart ya umarta.Girgizawa da abubuwan da suka faru, Mutanen Espanya sun yi watsi da abin da suka yi a baya game da wani sansanin Birtaniya.Sojojin Faransa na Victor sun yi sansani a bakin tekun kuma suka yi kokarin kai harin bam a birnin don mika wuya.Godiya ga martabar sojojin ruwa na Burtaniya, shingen jiragen ruwa na birnin ya gagara.Harin bama-bamai na Faransa bai yi tasiri ba kuma kwarin gwiwa na gaditanos ya karu ya rinjaye su cewa su jarumai ne.Tare da yalwar abinci da faɗuwar farashin, tashin bama-bamai ba shi da bege duk da guguwa da annoba - guguwa ta lalata jiragen ruwa da yawa a cikin bazara na 1810 kuma zazzabin rawaya ya lalata birnin.A cikin kewayen, wanda ya dauki shekaru biyu da rabi, Cortes na Cádiz - wanda ya kasance majalisar dokoki bayan da aka sauke Ferdinand VII - ya tsara sabon kundin tsarin mulki don rage karfin daular, wanda Fernando VII ya soke a karshe lokacin da Fernando VII ya soke. ya dawo.

Da yake da tabbacin cewa sabon harin da Faransa ta kai wa Portugal na nan kusa, Wellington ya samar da wani matsayi mai karfi a kusa da Lisbon, wanda zai iya komawa baya idan ya cancanta.Don kare birnin, ya ba da umarnin gina Layukan Torres Vedras - layuka masu ƙarfi guda uku na garu masu goyan bayan juna, gidaje, redoubts, da ravelins tare da manyan manyan bindigogi - ƙarƙashin kulawar Sir Richard Fletcher.Sassan layukan daban-daban sun yi magana da juna ta hanyar semaphore, suna ba da damar mayar da martani ga duk wata barazana.An fara aikin a cikin kaka na 1809 kuma an gama babban tsaro a cikin lokaci bayan shekara guda.Don ci gaba da kawo cikas ga abokan gaba, yankunan da ke gaban layin sun kasance sun kasance cikin mummunar manufa ta duniya: an hana su abinci, abinci da matsuguni.Mazaunan gundumomin da ke makwabtaka da su 200,000 an koma cikin layukan.Wellington ya yi amfani da gaskiyar cewa Faransawa za su iya cinye Portugal kawai ta hanyar cin nasara a Lisbon, kuma a aikace za su iya isa Lisbon daga arewa kawai.Har sai da waɗannan canje-canjen suka faru, gwamnatin Portuguese ta sami 'yanci don tsayayya da tasirin Birtaniyya, matsayin Beresford yana da jurewa ta hanyar goyon bayan Ministan War, Miguel de Pereira Forjaz.A matsayin share fage na mamayewa, Ney ya dauki katangar garin Ciudad Rodrigo na Sipaniya bayan wani hari da ya dade daga 26 ga Afrilu zuwa 9 ga Yuli 1810. Faransawa sun sake mamaye Portugal tare da sojoji kusan 65,000, karkashin jagorancin Marshal Masséna, suka tilasta Wellington ta koma ciki. Almeida to Busaco.A Yaƙin Coa Faransawa sun kori Robert Crauford's Light Division bayan haka Masséna ya koma ya kai hari ga matsayin Birtaniyya da ke kan tudun Bussaco - tudu mai nisan mil 10 (kilomita 16) - wanda ya haifar da yakin Buçaco akan 27. Satumba.Da suka sha wahala sosai, Faransawa sun kasa kori sojojin Anglo-Portuguese.Masséna ya yi nasara a Wellington bayan yakin, wanda ya ci gaba da komawa zuwa wuraren da aka shirya a cikin Lines.Wellington ya kula da katangar tare da "dakaru na biyu" - 25,000 Portuguese mayakan, 8,000 Spaniards da 2,500 British Mariners da artillerymen - ajiye babban filin sojojin Birtaniya da na Portuguese tarwatsa don saduwa da wani harin Faransa a kan kowane batu na Lines.Sojojin Masséna na Portugal sun maida hankali a kusa da Sobral a shirye-shiryen kai hari.Bayan wani kazamin fada da aka yi a ranar 14 ga watan Oktoba inda karfin Layukan ya bayyana, Faransawa sun tona kansu a maimakon kaddamar da wani mummunan hari kuma mutanen Masséna sun fara fama da matsanancin karancin abinci a yankin.A ƙarshen Oktoba, bayan ya riƙe sojojinsa na yunwa a gaban Lisbon na wata ɗaya, Masséna ya koma matsayi tsakanin Santarém da Rio Maior.

Daga Janairu zuwa Maris 1811, Soult tare da mutane 20,000 sun kewaye kuma suka kama garuruwan Badajoz da Olivenza a Extremadura, suka kama fursunoni 16,000, kafin su koma Andalusia tare da yawancin sojojinsa.Soult ya sami kwanciyar hankali bayan kammala aikin cikin sauri, saboda bayanan sirri da aka samu a ranar 8 ga Maris sun gaya masa cewa sojojin Spain na Francisco Ballesteros suna yiwa Seville barazana, cewa an ci Victor a Barrosa kuma Masséna ya ja da baya daga Portugal.Soult ya sake tura dakarunsa don magance waɗannan barazanar.

A lokacin 1811, ƙarfin Victor ya ragu saboda buƙatun ƙarfafawa daga Soult don taimakawa wajen kewaye da Badajoz.Wannan ya kawo adadin Faransawa zuwa tsakanin 20,000 zuwa 15,000 kuma ya ƙarfafa masu kare Cádiz don yin ƙoƙari su yi nasara, tare da isowar sojojin agaji na Anglo-Spanish na kusan 12,000 na soja da kuma 800 na sojan doki a karkashin jagorancin Janar Manuel La na Spain. Peña, tare da tawagar Burtaniya karkashin jagorancin Laftanar-Janar Sir Thomas Graham.Da yake tattaki zuwa Cádiz a ranar 28 ga Fabrairu, wannan rundunar ta ci nasara a kan ƙungiyoyi biyu na Faransa a ƙarƙashin Victor a Barrosa.Allies sun kasa yin amfani da nasarar da suka samu kuma nan da nan Victor ya sabunta shingen.

A watan Afrilu, Wellington ta kewaye Almeida.Masséna ya ci gaba da samun sauƙi, yana kai hari kan Wellington a Fuentes de Oñoro (3-5 Mayu).Bangarorin biyu dai sun yi ikirarin samun nasara amma Birtaniyya ta ci gaba da killace kasar sannan Faransawa sun yi ritaya ba tare da an kai musu hari ba.Bayan wannan yakin, dakarun Almeida sun tsere ta cikin layin Birtaniya a cikin wani tattaki na dare.An tilasta Masséna ya janye, bayan da ya rasa jimillar mutane 25,000 a Portugal, kuma Auguste Marmont ya maye gurbinsa.Wellington ya shiga Beresford kuma ya sabunta kewayen Badajoz.Marmont ya shiga Soult tare da ƙarfafawa masu ƙarfi kuma Wellington ya yi ritaya.

A ranar 5 ga Mayu, Suchet ya kewaye muhimmin birni na Tarragona, wanda ke aiki a matsayin tashar jiragen ruwa, kagara, da kuma tushen albarkatun da ke ci gaba da ɗorewa sojojin filin Spain a Catalonia.An bai wa Suchet kashi uku na Sojojin Kataloniya kuma birnin ya fada cikin wani harin bazata a ranar 29 ga watan Yuni.Sojojin Suchet sun kashe fararen hula 2,000.Napoleon ya sakawa Suchet da sandar Marshal.

A cikin Maris 1811, tare da kayayyaki sun ƙare, Masséna ya koma daga Portugal zuwa Salamanca.Wellington ya ci gaba da kai harin daga baya a wannan watan.Sojojin Anglo-Portugues karkashin jagorancin Janar na Birtaniya William Beresford da sojojin Spain karkashin jagorancin janar-janar Spain Joaquín Blake da Francisco Castaños, sun yi yunkurin sake kwato Badajoz ta hanyar kawas da sojojin Faransa Soult da ya bari.Soult ya tattara sojojinsa ya yi tattaki don ya kawar da kewayen.Beresford ya ɗaga kewaye kuma sojojinsa sun kama Faransanci masu tafiya.A yakin Albuera, Soult ya wuce Beresford amma bai iya cin nasara ba.Ya yi ritaya sojojinsa zuwa Seville.

A watan Satumba, Suchet ya kaddamar da mamaye lardin Valencia.Ya kewaye katangar Sagunto kuma ya yi nasara akan yunkurin agaji na Blake.Masu tsaron bayan Spain sun yi nasara a ranar 25 ga Oktoba.Suchet ya kama dukan sojojin Blake na maza 28,044 a cikin birnin Valencia a ranar 26 ga Disamba kuma ya tilasta masa mika wuya a ranar 9 ga Janairu 1812 bayan wani ɗan gajeren kewaye.Blake ya rasa mazaje 20,281 da suka mutu ko kuma aka kama su.Suchet ya ci gaba zuwa kudu, ya kama tashar tashar jiragen ruwa na Dénia.Sake tura wani muhimmin sashi na dakarunsa don mamayewar Rasha ya dakatar da ayyukan Suchet.Marshal mai nasara ya kafa kafaffen tushe a Aragon kuma Napoleon ya karɓe shi a matsayin Duke na Albufera, bayan wani tafkin kudu da Valencia.

Wellington ya sabunta ci gaban ƙawance zuwa Spain a farkon 1812, tare da mamaye tare da kame garin kagara na Ciudad Rodrigo ta hanyar kai hari a ranar 19 ga Janairu tare da buɗe hanyar mamaye arewa daga Portugal zuwa Spain.Wannan kuma ya ba da damar Wellington ta ci gaba da motsawa don kame garin Badajoz na kudancin, wanda zai tabbatar da zama daya daga cikin hare-haren da aka yi na yakin Napoleon.An kai wa garin hari ne a ranar 6 ga Afrilu, bayan da wani makami da aka saba yi ya keta katangar labule a wurare uku.Da kyar aka kare, harin karshe da fadan farko ya bar abokan kawancen tare da jikkata wasu 4,800.Wadannan asarar sun firgita Wellington wanda ya ce game da sojojinsa a cikin wata wasika, "Ina fatan cewa ba zan sake zama makamin gwada su irin wanda aka yi musu a daren jiya ba."Sojojin da suka yi nasara sun kashe fararen hula 200-300 na Spain.

Daga baya sojojin kawance sun kama Salamanca a ranar 17 ga Yuni, a daidai lokacin da Marshal Marmont ya gabato.Sojojin biyu sun hadu ne a ranar 22 ga watan Yuli, bayan shafe makonni suna tafe, lokacin da Wellington ta yi nasara a kan Faransa a yakin Salamanca, inda Marmont ya ji rauni.Yakin ya kafa Wellington a matsayin janar mai cin zarafi kuma an ce ya "ci nasara a kan sojoji 40,000 a cikin minti 40."Yakin Salamanca ya kasance mummunan shan kashi ga Faransawa a Spain, kuma yayin da suke haɗuwa, sojojin Anglo-Portuguese sun koma Madrid, wanda ya mika wuya a ranar 14 ga Agusta.An kama musket 20,000, cannon 180 da wasu Eagles na Imperial na Faransa guda biyu.

Bayan nasarar da aka yi a Salamanca a ranar 22 ga Yuli 1812, Sarki Joseph Bonaparte ya yi watsi da Madrid a ranar 11 ga Agusta.Domin Suchet yana da kafaffen tushe a Valencia, Yusufu da Marshal Jean-Baptiste Jourdan sun koma can.Soult, ya fahimci ba da daɗewa ba za a yanke shi daga kayan sa, ya ba da umarnin ja da baya daga Cádiz da aka saita don 24 ga Agusta;An tilastawa Faransa kawo karshen kawanyar da aka kwashe shekaru biyu da rabi ana yi.Bayan dogon bama-baman bindigogi, Faransawa sun haɗa muzzles sama da 600 don sa su zama marasa amfani ga Mutanen Espanya da Burtaniya.Duk da cewa makaman ba su da wani amfani, sojojin kawancen sun kame kwale-kwalen bindigogi 30 da kuma shaguna masu yawa.An tilastawa Faransawa barin Andalusia saboda tsoron kada sojojin kawancen su katse su.Marshals Suchet da Soult sun haɗu da Yusufu da Jourdan a Valencia.Sojojin Spain sun fatattaki sojojin Faransa a Astorga da Guadalajara.Yayin da Faransawa suka sake haɗuwa, ƙawancen sun ci gaba zuwa Burgos.Wellington ta kewaye Burgos tsakanin 19 ga Satumba da 21 ga Oktoba, amma ta kasa kama shi.Tare, Joseph da uku marshals sun yi shirin sake kwato Madrid da fitar da Wellington daga tsakiyar Spain.Rikicin Faransanci ya sa Wellington ya ɗaga kewayen Burgos kuma ya koma Portugal a cikin kaka na 1812, Faransanci ya bi shi kuma ya rasa mutane dubu da yawa.Napier ya rubuta cewa an kashe kimanin sojojin kawance 1,000, an raunata da bacewarsu a cikin aikin, kuma Hill ya rasa 400 tsakanin Tagus da Tormes, da kuma wani 100 a cikin tsaron Alba de Tormes.An kashe mutane 300 tare da raunata a Huebra inda 'yan fashi da yawa suka mutu a cikin daji, kuma an kai fursunoni 3,520 na kawance zuwa Salamanca har zuwa 20 ga Nuwamba.Napier ya yi kiyasin cewa koma baya biyun ya janyo asarar abokan kawancen kusan 9,000, gami da asarar da aka yi a kewayen, kuma ya ce marubutan Faransa sun ce an dauki 10,000 tsakanin Tormes da Agueda.Sai dai sakon da Joseph ya aika ya ce duka asarar ta kai 12,000, gami da sansanin Chinchilla, yayin da marubutan Ingilishi suka rage asarar Birtaniyya zuwa daruruwan.Sakamakon yakin Salamanca, an tilastawa Faransawa barin lardunan Andalusia da Asturia.

A ƙarshen 1812, babban sojojin da suka mamaye daular Rasha , Grande Armée, sun daina wanzuwa.Ba za su iya tsayayya da Rashawa masu zuwa ba, Faransawa dole ne su ƙaura daga Gabashin Prussia da Grand Duchy na Warsaw.Tare da daular Austriya da Masarautar Prussia tare da abokan adawarsa, Napoleon ya janye karin sojoji daga Spain, ciki har da wasu sassan kasashen waje da bataliyoyin jiragen ruwa uku da aka aika don taimakawa tare da kewayen Cádiz.Gabaɗaya, an janye maza 20,000;alkaluman ba su yi yawa ba, amma an bar sojojin da suka mamaye cikin tsaka mai wuya.A yawancin yankunan da ke ƙarƙashin ikon Faransa - lardunan Basque, Navarre, Aragon, Old Castile, La Mancha, Levante, da sassan Catalonia da León - ragowar kasancewar wasu ƴan garrison warwatse ne.Ƙoƙarin riƙe layi na gaba a cikin baka daga Bilbao zuwa Valencia, har yanzu suna cikin haɗari don kai hari, kuma sun yi watsi da fatan nasara.martabar Faransa ta sake fuskantar wani mummunan rauni a ranar 17 ga Maris el rey intruso (Sarkin Intruder, wanda ake yi wa lakabi da Mutanen Espanya da yawa ga Sarki Joseph) ya bar Madrid tare da wani ɗimbin ayarin ‘yan gudun hijira.

A shekara ta 1813, Wellington ta yi tattaki da dakaru 121,000 (53,749 British, 39,608 Spanish, and 27,569 Portuguese) daga arewacin Portugal ƙetare tsaunukan arewacin Spain da kogin Esla, inda suka zagaya da sojojin Jourdan na 68,000 da suka fafata tsakanin Douro da Tagus.Wellington ya gajarta hanyoyin sadarwarsa ta hanyar canza wurin aikinsa zuwa gabar tekun Sipaniya ta arewa, kuma sojojin Anglo-Portugues sun mamaye arewa a karshen watan Mayu tare da kwace Burgos, inda suka yi waje da sojojin Faransa tare da tilastawa Joseph Bonaparte cikin kwarin Zadorra.A yakin Vitoria a ranar 21 ga watan Yuni, sojojin Wellington 57,000 na Birtaniya, 16,000 na Portuguese da 8,000 na Mutanen Espanya sun yi nasara a kan sojojin Yusufu 65,000.Wellington ya raba sojojinsa zuwa "ginshiƙai" guda huɗu masu kai hare-hare tare da kai hari kan matsayin tsaron Faransa daga kudanci, yamma da arewa yayin da ginshiƙi na ƙarshe ya yanke a bayan Faransa.An tilastawa Faransawa koma baya daga wuraren da suka shirya, kuma duk da yunkurin sake haduwa da rike an korisu cikin nasara.Hakan ya sa aka yi watsi da dukkan makaman Faransa da kuma katafaren jirgin kaya na Sarki Yusuf da kayansa.Wannan na baya-bayan ya haifar da da yawa daga cikin sojojin Anglo-Allied sun yi watsi da bin sojojin da suke gudu, maimakon su wawure motocin.Wannan jinkiri, tare da ikon Faransanci don riƙe hanyar gabas daga Vitoria zuwa Salvatierra, ya ba Faransa damar murmurewa a wani bangare.Allies sun kori Faransawan da suka koma baya, suka isa Pyrenees a farkon Yuli, suka fara aiki a San Sebastian da Pamplona.A ranar 11 ga Yuli, an ba Soult umarni ga dukan sojojin Faransa a Spain kuma a sakamakon haka Wellington ya yanke shawarar dakatar da sojojinsa don sake haduwa a Pyrenees.

Marshal Soult ya fara kai hari (Yakin Pyrenees) kuma ya ci nasara a yakin Maya da yakin Roncesvalles (25 ga Yuli).Turawa zuwa Spain, a ranar 27 ga Yuli, reshen sojojin Soult na Roncesvalles yana da nisan mil goma daga Pamplona, ​​amma ya sami katange hanyarsa da wata babbar rundunar kawance da aka makala a wani babban tudu a tsakanin ƙauyukan Sorauren da Zabaldica, sun yi nasara, kuma aka kore su. Allies a yakin Sorauren (28 da 30 ga Yuli) Soult ya umarci Janar Janar na Division Jean-Baptiste Drouet, Comte d'Erlon ya umarci gawawwakin mutane 21,000 su kai hari da kuma tabbatar da wucewar Maya.Soult ya umarci Janar na Division Honoré Reille ya kai hari tare da kwace Roncesvalles Pass tare da gawarwakin Janar Bertrand Clausel na maza 40,000.Reille na hannun dama ya sami ƙarin asara a Yanzi (1 ga Agusta);da Echallar da Ivantelly (2 ga Agusta) yayin da take komawa Faransa.Jimlar hasarar da aka yi a lokacin wannan farmakin kusan 7,000 ne ga abokan kawance da 10,000 na Faransawa.

Yaƙin San Marcial yaƙi ne na ƙarshe da aka yi yaƙi a ƙasar Sipaniya a lokacin Yaƙin Peninsular a ranar 31 ga Agusta 1813, yayin da sauran yaƙin za a yi yaƙi a ƙasar Faransa.Sojojin Sipaniya na Galicia, karkashin jagorancin Manuel Freire, sun mayar da Marshal Nicolas Soult babban hari na karshe a kan sojojin Marquess na Wellington na Burtaniya.

Tare da mutane 18,000, Wellington ta kame birnin San Sebastián na Faransa a karkashin Brigadier-Janar Louis Emmanuel Rey bayan hare-hare biyu da suka wuce daga 7 zuwa 25 ga Yuli (Yayin da Wellington ya tafi tare da isassun sojoji don magance harin Marshal Soult, ya bar Janar. Graham a cikin kwamandan isassun sojoji don hana iri daga cikin birni da duk wani taimako shiga);da kuma daga 22 zuwa 31 ga Agusta 1813. Birtaniya sun yi asara mai yawa a lokacin hare-hare.An kori birnin da kuma kone kurmus daga Anglo-Portuguese.A halin da ake ciki kuma, sojojin Faransa sun koma cikin Citadel, wanda bayan wani kazamin harin bama-bamai da gwamnansu ya yi a ranar 8 ga watan Satumba, inda rundunar ta yi tattaki a washegari tare da cikakken girmamawar sojoji.A ranar da San Sebastián ya fadi Soult ya yi ƙoƙari ya sauƙaƙa shi, amma a cikin yakin Vera da San Marcial sojojin Sipaniya na Galicia sun fatattaki su a karkashin Janar Manuel Freire.Citadel ya mika wuya a ranar 9 ga Satumba, asarar da aka yi a cikin kewayen kusan kusan 4,000 ne, Faransanci 2,000.Wellington na gaba ya yanke shawarar jefa hagunsa a hayin kogin Bidassoa don ƙarfafa matsayinsa, da kuma tabbatar da tashar jiragen ruwa na Fuenterrabia.

Da hasken rana a ranar 7 ga Oktoba 1813 Wellington ya ketare Bidassoa a cikin ginshiƙai bakwai, ya kai hari ga duk matsayin Faransanci, wanda ya shimfiɗa a cikin layukan da ke da ƙarfi guda biyu daga arewacin hanyar Irun-Bayonne, tare da tudun dutse zuwa Babban Rhune mai tsayin ƙafa 2,800 (850 m). .Ƙaddamar da ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan motsin wani yanki ne mai ƙarfi kusa da Fuenterrabia don mamakin abokan gaba, waɗanda bisa la'akari da faɗin kogin da yashi mai motsi, sun yi tunanin wucewar ba zai yiwu ba a lokacin.Daman Faransanci ya koma baya, kuma Soult ya kasa ƙarfafa haƙƙinsa cikin lokaci don dawo da ranar.Ayyukansa sun fadi a jere bayan yaƙe-yaƙe, kuma ya ja da baya zuwa kogin Nivelle.Asarar ta kasance game da-Allies, 800;Faransanci, 1,600.Nassi na Bidassoa "ya kasance janar ba yakin soja ba".A ranar 31 ga Oktoba Pamplona ya mika wuya, kuma Wellington yanzu ya kosa ya kori Suchet daga Catalonia kafin ya mamaye Faransa.Gwamnatin Burtaniya, duk da haka, don moriyar manyan kasashen nahiyar, ta bukaci ci gaba cikin gaggawa kan arewacin Pyrenees zuwa kudu maso gabashin Faransa.Napoleon ya ɗan sha wahala sosai a yakin Leipzig a ranar 19 ga Oktoba kuma yana ja da baya, don haka Wellington ya bar barin Catalonia ga wasu.

Yaƙin Nivelle (10 Nuwamba 1813) ya faru a gaban kogin Nivelle kusa da ƙarshen Yaƙin Peninsular (1808-1814).Bayan yakin da aka yi wa San Sebastian, sojojin Birtaniya 80,000 na Wellington (20,000 na Mutanen Espanya ba a gwada su ba a yakin) sun kasance suna neman Marshal Soult wanda ke da mutane 60,000 don sanya su a cikin wani yanki na 20 mil.Bayan runduna ta haske, an umarci babban sojojin Birtaniya da su kai hari, kuma shiyya ta 3 ta raba sojojin Soult gida biyu.Da karfe biyu na dare, Soult na cikin ja da baya sannan Birtaniya na cikin wani matsayi mai karfi.Soult ya sake yin rashin nasara a ƙasar Faransa kuma ya rasa maza 4,500 zuwa Wellington's 5,500.

Sarki Joseph ya sauka daga karagar mulkin Spain ya koma kasar Faransa bayan da sojojin Birtaniya suka fatattaki manyan sojojin Faransa a yakin Vitoria a shekara ta 1813. A lokacin yakin rufe yakin hadin gwiwa na shida Napoleon ya bar dan uwansa ya gudanar da mulkin Paris tare da shi. lakabin Laftanar Janar na Daular.A sakamakon haka, ya sake zama babban kwamandan sojojin Faransa da aka ci nasara a yakin Paris.

A ranar 8 ga Afrilu, Wellington ta haye Garonne da Hers-Mort, kuma ta kai hari Soult a Toulouse a ranar 10 ga Afrilu.Hare-haren da Mutanen Espanya suka kai kan wuraren da Soult ke da kagara ya kori amma harin Beresford ya tilasta Faransawa su koma baya.A ranar 12 ga Afrilu Wellington ya shiga cikin birni, Soult ya ja da baya a ranar da ta gabata.Asarar Allied ta kasance kusan 5,000, Faransanci 3,000.

A ranar 13 ga Afrilu 1814 jami'ai sun isa tare da sanarwa ga rundunonin biyu na kama birnin Paris, kawar da Napoleon, da cikar zaman lafiya a aikace;kuma a ranar 18 ga Afrilu an shiga wani babban taro, wanda ya haɗa da ƙarfin Suchet, tsakanin Wellington da Soult.Bayan da Toulouse ya fadi, Allies da Faransanci, a cikin wani nau'i daga Bayonne a ranar 14 ga Afrilu, kowannensu ya rasa mazaje kusan 1,000, wanda ya sa wasu mutane 10,000 suka mutu bayan an yi zaman lafiya.An sanya hannu kan zaman lafiya a Paris a ranar 30 ga Mayu 1814.

Mahimmin Bincike:Ferdinand VII ya kasance Sarkin Spain bayan da Napoleon ya amince da shi a ranar 11 ga Disamba 1813 a cikin yarjejeniyar Valençay.An kai sauran afrancesados ​​zuwa Faransa.Sojojin Napoleon sun wawashe ƙasar gaba ɗaya.Cocin Katolika ya lalace saboda asararta kuma al'umma ta fuskanci canji mai ban tsoro.Tare da Napoleon da aka kai gudun hijira zuwa tsibirin Elba, Louis XVIII ya koma kan karagar Faransa.An aika da sojojin Birtaniya wani bangare zuwa Ingila, kuma sun shiga Bordeaux don Amurka don hidima a cikin watanni na ƙarshe na yakin Amurka na 1812.Bayan yakin Peninsular, 'yan gargajiya masu goyon bayan 'yancin kai da masu sassaucin ra'ayi sun yi rikici a cikin Carlist Wars, kamar yadda Sarki Ferdinand VII ("Mai Buƙata"; daga baya "Sarkin Ciniki") ya soke duk canje-canjen da Cortes Generales mai zaman kansa ya yi a Cádiz, da Tsarin Mulki na 1812 a ranar 4 ga Mayu 1814. Jami'an soja sun tilasta Ferdinand ya sake karbar Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Cádiz a 1820, kuma yana aiki har zuwa Afrilu 1823, a lokacin abin da ake kira Trienio Liberal.Matsayin Portugal ya fi kyau fiye dana Spain .Tawaye bai yada zuwa Brazil ba, babu gwagwarmayar mulkin mallaka kuma ba a yi yunkurin juyin juya halin siyasa ba.Canja wurin Kotun Portuguese zuwa Rio de Janeiro ya ƙaddamar da 'yancin kai na Brazil a 1822.Yaƙi da Napoleon ya kasance a matsayin abin da ya fi zubar da jini a tarihin Spain na zamani.