Yakin Gamayyar Kasa ta Uku

A cikin Maris 1802, Faransa da Birtaniya sun amince su dakatar da tashin hankali a karkashin yarjejeniyar Amiens .A karon farko cikin shekaru goma, dukkan kasashen Turai suna zaman lafiya.Sai dai matsaloli da dama sun ci gaba da wanzuwa a tsakanin bangarorin biyu wanda hakan ya sa aiwatar da yarjejeniyar ya yi matukar wahala.Bonaparte ya fusata cewa sojojin Birtaniya ba su fice daga tsibirin Malta ba.Tashin hankali ya kara dagulewa ne lokacin da Bonaparte ya aike da rundunar soji don sake kafa iko a Haiti.Tsawon tsayin daka kan wadannan batutuwa ya sa Birtaniya ta shelanta yaki a kan Faransa a ranar 18 ga Mayun 1803 duk da cewa Bonaparte a karshe ya amince da mamayar da turawan Ingila suka yi a Malta.Haɗin kai na uku ya samo asali ne a cikin Disamba 1804 lokacin da, don musayar kuɗi, an sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar Anglo-Swedish don ba da izinin Birtaniya don amfani da Pomerania na Sweden a matsayin sansanin soja a kan Faransa.

Yunkurin da Napoleon ya yi na mamaye Birtaniya a farkon yakin kawancen hadin gwiwa na uku, duk da cewa ba a taba aiwatar da shi ba, ya kasance babban tasiri ga dabarun sojojin ruwa na Burtaniya da kuma katangar gabar tekun kudu maso gabashin Ingila.Ƙoƙarin Faransawa na mamaye ƙasar Ireland don tada zaune tsaye ko kuma a matsayin wani tsauni zuwa Birtaniya ya riga ya faru a shekara ta 1796. Daga 1803 zuwa 1805 an tara sabon sojoji 200,000 na mazaje, wanda aka fi sani da Armée des côtes de l'Océan. kuma an horar da su a sansanonin Boulogne, Bruges da Montreuil.An gina babban "National Flotilla" na jiragen ruwa na mamayewa a cikin tashar tashar tashar jiragen ruwa tare da bakin tekun Faransa da Netherlands tun daga Étaples zuwa Flushing, kuma an taru a Boulogne.Siyayyar Louisiana ta 1803 ce ta ba da kuɗin waɗannan shirye-shiryen, ta yadda Faransa ta ba da manyan yankuna na Arewacin Amurka ga Amurka don biyan kuɗin Faransa francs miliyan 50 ($ 11,250,000).An kashe gaba dayan adadin akan harin da aka yi hasashen.

Tare da gazawar Napoleon don aika manyan ƙarfafawa da aka buƙata bayan barkewar yaƙi a ranar 18 ga Mayu 1803 tare da Burtaniya, nan da nan Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Royal Navy ta aika da tawagar karkashin Sir John Duckworth daga Jamaica don yin balaguro a yankin, suna neman kawar da sadarwa tsakanin ma'aikatan Faransa don kamawa ko lalata jiragen ruwan yakin Faransa da ke yankin.Blockade na Saint-Domingue ba wai kawai ya yanke sojojin Faransa daga ƙarfafawa da kayayyaki daga Faransa ba, amma kuma yana nufin cewa Birtaniya ta fara ba da makamai ga Haiti.

An kafa Grande Armée a shekara ta 1804 daga L'Armée des côtes de l'Océan (Rundunar Tekun Tekun Tekun), rundunar sama da mutane 100,000 da Napoleon ya tara don mamayewar Burtaniya.Daga baya Napoleon ya tura dakaru a gabashin Turai don kawar da barazanar da kasashen Ostiriya da Rasha ke da su , wadanda ke cikin kungiyar hadin gwiwa ta uku da suka taru kan Faransa .Bayan haka, an yi amfani da sunan Grande Armée ga babban sojojin Faransa da aka tura a cikin yakin 1805 da 1807, inda ya sami daraja, kuma a cikin 1812, 1813-14, da 1815. A aikace, duk da haka, ana amfani da kalmar Grande Armée. a cikin turanci don komawa ga dukkan sojojin kasa da kasa da Napoleon ya tara a yakinsa.Bayan da aka kafa shi, Grande Armée ya ƙunshi gawawwaki shida a ƙarƙashin umarnin Napoleon's marshals da manyan janar-janar.Lokacin da sojojin Austriya da na Rasha suka fara shirye-shirye don mamaye Faransa a ƙarshen 1805, Grande Armée ya ba da umarnin gaggawa a fadin Rhine zuwa kudancin Jamus, wanda ya haifar da nasarar Napoleon a Ulm da Austerlitz.Sojojin Faransa sun karu yayin da Napoleon ya karbe iko a fadin Turai, yana daukar sojoji daga kasashen da suka mamaye da kuma kawancen kasashen waje;Ya kai ga kololuwar maza miliyan daya a farkon yakin Rasha a 1812 , tare da Grande Armée ya kai tsayin daka na sojojin Faransa 413,000, wadanda za su shiga cikin mamayewa, tare da yawan mamayar da ya wuce maza 600,000 yayin da suka hada da daukar ma'aikata na kasashen waje. .Baya ga girmansa da tsarin sa na ƙasa da ƙasa, Grande Armée an san shi da sabbin ƙira, dabaru, dabaru, da sadarwa.Ba kamar yawancin sojojin da ke a lokacin ba, tana gudanar da aiki bisa ga cancanta;yayin da akasarin rundunonin sojojin Faransa janar-janar suka ba da umarnin, sai dai gawarwakin Poland da na Austriya, yawancin sojoji na iya hawa mukami ba tare da la’akari da aji, dukiya, ko asalin ƙasa ba.

Dodanniya na Faransa sun tsallaka rafin Rhine a asirce, suka kewaye gidansa suka kawo shi Strasbourg (15 ga Maris 1804), daga nan kuma zuwa Château de Vincennes, kusa da birnin Paris, inda aka yi gaggawar kira kwamitin soja na Kanar Faransa da Janar Hulin ya jagoranta don gwada shi. .An tuhumi Duke da laifin ɗaukar makamai a kan Faransa a ƙarshen yaƙin, da kuma da niyyar shiga cikin sabon kawancen da aka gabatar a lokacin yaƙi da Faransa.Hukumar soji, karkashin jagorancin Hulin, ta tsara matakin yin Allah wadai, bisa umarnin Anne Jean Marie René Savary, wacce ta zo da tuhumar kashe duke.Savary ya hana duk wata dama ta tattaunawa tsakanin wanda aka yankewa hukunci da kuma karamin jakadan na farko, kuma, a ranar 21 ga Maris, an harbe duke a cikin katafaren gidan, kusa da wani kabari da aka riga aka shirya.Wani rukuni na Gendarmes d'élite ne ya jagoranci aiwatar da kisan.Hukuncin kisa na Enghien ya fusata kotunan masarautu a duk fadin Turai, inda ya zama daya daga cikin dalilan siyasa da suka haddasa barkewar yakin gamayyar kasa da kasa.

A lokacin ofishin jakadanci, Napoleon ya fuskanci makircin kisan gilla da yawa na sarakuna da Jacobin, ciki har da Conspiration des poignards (Dagger mãkirci) a cikin Oktoba 1800 da Plot na Rue Saint-Nicaise watanni biyu bayan haka.A cikin Janairu 1804, 'yan sandansa sun gano wani makircin kisan gilla a kansa wanda ya shafi Moreau kuma wanda dangin Bourbon, tsoffin shugabannin Faransa suka dauki nauyinsa.Bisa shawarar Talleyrand, Napoleon ya ba da umarnin sace Duke na Enghien, wanda ya keta ikon Baden.An kashe Duke cikin sauri bayan shari'ar soja ta sirri.Don faɗaɗa ikonsa, Napoleon ya yi amfani da waɗannan makirce-makircen kisa don tabbatar da ƙirƙirar tsarin daular bisa tsarin Romawa.Ya yi imanin cewa maido da Bourbon zai fi wahala idan gadon iyalinsa ya kasance cikin tsarin mulki.Kaddamar da wata kuri'ar raba gardama, an zabi Napoleon a matsayin Sarkin Faransa da kuri'u sama da kashi 99%.An nada Napoleon Sarkin sarakuna a ranar 18 ga Mayu 1804 ta Majalisar Dattijai kuma an nada shi Sarkin Faransa a ranar 2 ga Disamba 1804 a babban cocin Notre-Dame de Paris, a Paris, tare da Crown na Napoleon.

Wasu daga cikin sojojin ruwa na Royal sun gudanar da wani hari na ruwa a kan katangar tashar ruwan Faransa ta Boulogne, a lokacin yakin Napoleon.Ya sha bamban da dabarun kai hare-haren jiragen ruwa na al'ada na wannan lokacin ta hanyar amfani da sabbin kayan aiki da dama wanda ɗan asalin ƙasar Amurka Robert Fulton ya samar, tare da goyon bayan Admiralty.Duk da burin da yake da shi, harin ya haifar da wani ɗan lahani ga jiragen ruwa na Faransa da ke cikin tashar jiragen ruwa, amma watakila ya ba da gudummawa ga karuwar rashin nasara a tsakanin Faransawa game da damar da suke da shi na tsallaka tashar Turanci a gaban Rundunar Sojan ruwa na Royal da kaddamar da su. nasarar mamaye kasar Ingila .

Yakin Cape Santa Maria wani yakin ruwa ne da ya faru a kudancin gabar tekun Portugal, inda wata tawagar Burtaniya karkashin jagorancin Commodore Graham Moore ta kai hari tare da fatattakar 'yan wasan Spain da Brigadier Don José de Bustamante y Guerra ya umarta, a lokacin zaman lafiya. .A sakamakon wannan mataki,Spain ta shelanta yaki a kan Birtaniya a ranar 14 ga Disamba 1804

A cikin watan Disamba na 1804, yarjejeniyar Anglo-Swedish ta kai ga kafa Ƙungiya ta Uku.Firayim Ministan Burtaniya William Pitt ƙarami ya shafe 1804 da 1805 a cikin ayyukan diflomasiyya don kafa sabuwar haɗin gwiwa da Faransa.Zaton juna tsakanin Birtaniya da Rasha sun sami sauƙi a fuskar kurakuran siyasar Faransa da dama, kuma ya zuwa Afrilu 1805, biyu na farko sun sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar kawance.Bayan da kasar Faransa ta sha kashi sau biyu a baya-bayan nan kuma tana son daukar fansa, ita ma Austria ta shiga cikin kawancen bayan 'yan watanni.Manufar kawancen Anglo-Rasha da aka bayyana shi ne rage Faransa zuwa kan iyakokinta na 1792.Austria, Sweden, da Naples za su shiga wannan ƙawancen, yayin da Prussia ta sake kasancewa tsaka tsaki.

An haifiMasarautar Italiya a ranar 17 ga Maris 1805, lokacin da Jamhuriyar Italiya, wacce shugabanta Napoleon Bonaparte, ya zama Masarautar Italiya, tare da mutum daya da Sarkin Italiya, kuma Eugène de Beauharnai mai shekaru 24 ya zama mataimakinsa.An nada Napoleon I a Duomo di Milano, Milan a ranar 23 ga Mayu, tare da Crown Iron na Lombardy.Lakabinsa shi ne "Sarkin Faransa da Sarkin Italiya", yana nuna mahimmancin wannan Masarautar Italiya a gare shi.

Rundunar Franco-Spanish ta tura karkashin Kyaftin Julien Cosmao don sake kwato Dutsen Diamond, a bakin kogin da ke kaiwa ga Fort-de-Faransa, daga sojojin Burtaniya da suka mamaye shi sama da shekara guda da ta wuce.Turawan Ingila, wadanda basu da ruwa da harsasai, daga karshe sun yi shawarwarin mika wuya ga dutsen bayan kwanaki da dama da suka yi ta luguden wuta.Villeneuve ya sake kama dutsen, amma ranar da aka fara kai hari Didon ya zo tare da umarni daga Napoleon.An umurci Villeneuve da ya dauki karfinsa ya kai hari ga kayan Birtaniyya, kafin ya dawo da karfi zuwa Turai, da fatan a halin yanzu ya hada da rundunar Ganteaume.Amma a yanzu kayansa sun yi ƙasa sosai har zai iya yin ƙoƙari kaɗan fiye da musgunawa wasu ƙananan tsibiran Burtaniya.

Rundunar sojojin Burtaniya karkashin Admiral Robert Calder sun yi yaki da sojojin ruwa da ba su da tabbas a kan hadakar rundunar Franco-Spanish da ke dawowa daga yammacin Indies.Rashin hana shiga rundunar Admiral na Faransa Admiral Pierre de Villeneuve zuwa tawagar Ferrol da kuma buga mummunan rauni wanda zai iya 'yantar da Birtaniya daga hadarin mamayewa, Calder daga baya ya kasance kotu-martial kuma an tsawata masa sosai saboda gazawarsa da kuma guje wa sabunta alkawari a ranar 23 da 24 ga Yuli.A lokaci guda kuma, bayan haka, Villeneuve ya zaɓi kada ya ci gaba da zuwa Brest, inda jiragensa zasu iya shiga tare da sauran jiragen ruwa na Faransa don share tashar Turanci don mamaye Birtaniya.

Janar Mack ya yi tunanin cewa jami'an tsaron Ostiriya sun dogara ne kan toshe gibin da ke cikin yankin dajin Black Forest a Kudancin Jamus wanda ya sha fama da fadace-fadace a lokacin yakin neman sauyi na Faransa.Mack ya yi imanin cewa ba za a yi wani aiki a Jamus ta Tsakiya ba.Mack ya yanke shawarar sanya birnin Ulm ya zama cibiyar dabarun tsaronsa, wanda ya bukaci a kame Faransawa har sai Rashawa a karkashin Kutuzov za su iya zuwa su canza rashin daidaito a kan Napoleon.Ulm ya sami kariya daga tsaunukan Michelsberg mai ƙarfi, yana ba Mack ra'ayin cewa birnin kusan ba shi da tabbas daga harin waje.A ƙarshe, Majalisar Aulic ta yanke shawarar mai da Arewacin Italiya babban gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Habsburgs.Archduke Charles an ba da sojoji 95,000 kuma an umurce shi ya haye kogin Adige tare da Mantua, Peschiera, da Milan a matsayin makasudin farko.An bai wa Archduke John dakaru 23,000 kuma ya umurce shi ya tsare Tyrol yayin da yake aiki a matsayin hanyar haɗi tsakanin ɗan'uwansa, Charles, da dan uwansa, Ferdinand;Ƙarfin na ƙarshe na 72,000, wanda shine ya mamaye Bavaria kuma ya riƙe layin tsaro a Ulm, Mack yana sarrafa shi sosai.Har ila yau Australiya sun ware gawarwakin mutum guda don yin aiki tare da Yaren mutanen Sweden a Pomerania da Burtaniya a Naples, kodayake an tsara waɗannan don ɓata Faransawa da karkatar da albarkatunsu.

A farkon watan Agustan 1805, Napoleon ya bar shirinsa na mamaye Birtaniya a cikin tashar Turanci.Maimakon haka, ya yanke shawarar matsar da sojojinsa daga bakin teku zuwa kudancin Jamus don murkushe sojojin Austriya.Majalisar Aulic ta yi tunanin Napoleon zai sake kai hari a Italiya.Godiya ga ingantaccen hanyar sadarwar leƙen asiri, Napoleon ya san cewa Australiya sun tura sojojinsu mafi girma a Italiya.Sarkin ya bukaci kada a bar sojojin Archduke Charles su rinjayi abubuwan da ke faruwa a kudancin Jamus.Napoleon ya ba da umarnin kaddamar da sojojin Faransa 210,000 zuwa gabas daga sansanonin Boulogne kuma zai lullube sojojin Janar Mack na Austrian da aka fallasa idan ya ci gaba da tafiya zuwa dajin Black Forest.A halin yanzu, Marshal Murat zai gudanar da hotunan dawakai a fadin dajin Black Forest don yaudarar 'yan Austriya don tunanin cewa Faransanci na ci gaba a kan hanyar yamma-gabas kai tsaye.Ya yi fatan ya kasance a Vienna babban birnin Austriya a watan Nuwamba, kafin sojojin Rasha su bayyana a wurin.

Grande Armée na Faransa, karkashin jagorancin Napoleon Bonaparte, yana da dakaru 210,000 da aka tsara su zuwa gawawwakin gawawwaki bakwai, kuma suna fatan fatattakar sojojin Austriya a jerin gwanon sojojin Faransa da na Bavaria da kuma fadace-fadacen da aka tsara don tunkarar sojojin Austria karkashin Janar Mack a Danube kafin Rasha. ƙarfafawa zai iya zuwa.Ana ɗaukar Gangamin Ulm a matsayin misali na nasara mai dabara, kodayake Napoleon yana da babban ƙarfi.An ci yakin neman zabe ba tare da wani babban yaki ba.Austrians sun fada cikin tarkon da Napoleon ya kafa a yakin Marengo, amma ba kamar Marengo ba, tarkon yayi aiki tare da nasara.Duk abin da aka yi shi ne don ruɗa abokan gaba.

Sarkin sarakuna Napoleon Bonaparte ya kaddamar da rundunar sojojinsa 200,000 a fadin Rhine.Wannan katafaren taro ya taso zuwa kudu ya haye kogin Danube zuwa gabas (watau a baya) Janar Karl Freiherr Mack von Leiberich na maida hankali a Ulm.Ba tare da sanin irin karfin da ke tattare da shi ba, Mack ya zauna a wurin yayin da gawar Napoleon ya bazu zuwa kudu a fadin Danube, yana yanke layin sadarwarsa da Vienna.A yakin Wertingen (8 ga Oktoba 1805) Sojojin Faransa na Masar karkashin jagorancin Marshals Joachim Murat da Jean Lannes sun kai hari ga wani karamin gawawwakin Austrian wanda Feldmarschall-Leutnant Franz Xaver von Auffenberg ya umarta.Wannan aikin, yakin farko na yakin Ulm, ya haifar da nasarar Faransa.An lalata 'yan Austriya, sun rasa kusan dukkanin sojojinsu, 1,000 zuwa 2,000 daga cikinsu fursunoni ne.

Janar Janar Jean-Pierre Firmin Malher na Faransa reshen Faransa yunƙurin kwace wata mashigar kogin Danube a Günzburg a gaban sojojin Habsburg Austriya karkashin jagorancin Feldmarschall-Leutnant Karl Mack von Lieberich.Bangaren Malher sun yi nasarar kama wata gada tare da rike ta da hare-hare na Ostiriya.

An yi yaki a Ulm-Jungingen arewacin Ulm a Danube tsakanin sojojin Faransa da na Austriya.Sakamakon yakin Haslach-Jungingen a kan tsare-tsaren Napoleon ba a bayyana ba, amma mai yiwuwa Sarkin sarakuna ya tabbatar da cewa yawancin sojojin Austriya sun tattara a Ulm.

Sojojin Faransa karkashin Michel Ney sun fatattaki wasu gawarwakin 'yan kasar Austria karkashin jagorancin Johann Sigismund Riesch.Wannan shan kashi ya haifar da wani bangare mai yawa na sojojin Austriya da sojojin Sarkin sarakuna Napoleon Bonaparte na Faransa suka saka hannun jari a sansanin Ulm yayin da sauran sassan suka gudu zuwa gabas.A wannan lokacin a cikin yakin, ma'aikatan umarnin Austrian sun kasance cikin rudani.Ferdinand ya fara nuna adawa da salon umarnin Mack da yanke shawara, yana zargin cewa karshen ya shafe kwanakinsa yana rubuta umarni da suka saba wa juna wanda ya bar sojojin Austriya suna tafiya da baya.A ranar 13 ga Oktoba, Mack ya aika da ginshiƙai biyu daga Ulm don shirye-shiryen faɗuwa zuwa arewa: ɗaya ƙarƙashin Janar Reisch ya nufi Elchingen don tabbatar da gada a can kuma ɗayan ƙarƙashin Werneck ya tafi arewa tare da yawancin manyan bindigogi.

Yakin Ulm a tsakanin 16-19 Oktoba 1805 ya kasance jerin gwabzawa, a karshen yakin Ulm, wanda ya ba wa Napoleon I damar kama dukkan sojojin Austriya karkashin jagorancin Karl Freiherr Mack von Leiberich tare da asarar kadan kuma ya tilasta shi. mika wuya a kusa da Ulm a cikin Zaɓen Bavaria.A ranar 16 ga Oktoba, Napoleon ya kewaye dukan sojojin Mack a Ulm, kuma bayan kwana uku Mack ya mika wuya tare da mutane 25,000, Janar 18, bindigogi 65, da kuma 40.Nasarar da aka samu a Ulm bai kawo karshen yakin ba tun da har yanzu babbar sojojin Rasha karkashin Kutuzov na kusa da Vienna.Rashawa sun janye zuwa arewa maso gabas don jiran ƙarfafawa da haɗin gwiwa tare da ɓangarorin Austrian da suka tsira.Faransawa sun bi kuma suka kama Vienna a ranar 12 ga Nuwamba.

Sojojin Faransa na Italiya a ƙarƙashin jagorancin André Masséna sun yi yaƙi da sojojin Austriya karkashin jagorancin Archduke Charles, Duke na Teschen.A karshen wannan rana, Massena ya kwace wata gada a gabashin gabar kogin Adige, inda ya kori sojojin da ke kare karkashin Joseph Philipp Vukassovich.

Shirin sojojin ruwa na Napoleon a cikin 1805 shine jiragen ruwa na Faransa da na Spain a cikin Rum da Cádiz su karya ta hanyar shinge da haɗuwa a yammacin Indies.Daga nan za su dawo, su taimaka wa rundunar sojojin da ke Brest don fitowa daga kangewar, kuma a hade tare da share tashar jiragen ruwa ta Ingila na jiragen ruwa na Royal Navy, tare da tabbatar da amintacciyar hanyar shiga jiragen ruwa.Shirin ya yi kyau a takarda amma yayin da yakin ya ci gaba, rashin sanin Napoleon da dabarun sojan ruwa da kuma kwamandojin ruwa marasa kyau sun ci gaba da mamaye Faransawa.Rundunar sojojin kawance, karkashin jagorancin Admiral Villeneuve na Faransa, sun tashi daga tashar jiragen ruwa na Cádiz a kudancin Spain a ranar 18 ga Oktoba 1805. Sun ci karo da jiragen ruwa na Birtaniya karkashin Admiral Lord Nelson, kwanan nan sun taru don fuskantar wannan barazana, a cikin Tekun Atlantika tare da shi. bakin tekun kudu maso yammacin Spain, kusa da Cape Trafalgar.Yakin Trafalgar ya kasance haɗin gwiwar sojojin ruwa ne tsakanin sojojin ruwa na Masarautar Burtaniya da haɗe-haɗe na jiragen ruwan Faransa da na Spain a lokacin yaƙin haɗin gwiwa na uku.

Labarin cewa sarki Napoleon na I ya rusa babban sojojin Austriya a yakin Ulm a karshe ya isa Masséna a ranar 28 ga Oktoba kuma ya ba da umarnin kai farmaki kan sojojin Austrian a arewacin Italiya.Ketare kogin Adige tare da ɓangarorin Duhesme, Gardanne, da Gabriel Jean Joseph Molitor da barin ƙungiyar Jean Mathieu Seras don rufe Verona, Masséna ya shirya ci gaba zuwa yankin da Austrian ke sarrafawa.Archduke Charles na Ostiriya-Teschen, da kansa ya san mummunan sakamakon faduwar Ulm, yana shirin matsawa zuwa Vienna, don ƙarfafa ragowar sojojin Austriya da haɗin gwiwa tare da Rashawa.Duk da haka, domin ya guje wa mutanen Masséna a dugadugansa, ya yanke shawarar juya ba zato ba tsammani ya fuskanci Faransawa, yana fatan cewa ta hanyar cinye su zai tabbatar da nasarar tafiyarsa zuwa Austria ta ciki.Don haka yaƙin ya kasance babbar nasara ta dabara ga Faransawa domin ya ba su damar bin sojojin Austriya sosai da kuma tursasa shi a ci gaba da fafatawa da dama, yayin da ya koma cikin Ostiriya.Saboda haka Masséna ya jinkirta Charles kuma ya hana shi shiga sojan Danube, wanda zai shafi sakamakon yakin.Masana tarihi sun yi sabani kan ko Caldiero nasara ce ta dabara ta Faransa, nasarar dabarar Austria ko kuma kunnen doki.

Yaƙin Cape Ortegal shine aikin ƙarshe na yaƙin neman zaɓe na Trafalgar, kuma an gwabza tsakanin tawagar sojojin ruwa na Royal Navy da ragowar rundunar sojojin ruwa da aka ci nasara a baya a yakin Trafalgar.Ya faru ne a ranar 4 ga Nuwamba 1805 a kusa da Cape Ortegal, a arewa maso yammacin Spain kuma ya ga Kyaftin Sir Richard Strachan ya sha kashi kuma ya kama tawagar Faransa a karkashin Rear-Admiral Pierre Dumanoir le Pelley.Wani lokaci ana kiransa da Ayyukan Strachan.

Yaƙin Amstetten ɗan ƙaramin alkawari ne wanda ya faru a lokacin da sojojin Russo-Austriya da ke ja-gora, karkashin jagorancin Mikhail Kutuzov, da sojojin dawakin Marshal Joachim Murat da wani yanki na rundunar Marshal Jean Lannes suka tare su.Pyotr Bagration ya kare sojojin Faransa da ke ci gaba kuma ya bar sojojin Rasha su koma baya.Wannan shi ne fada na farko da wani babban bangare na Sojojin Rasha suka yi adawa da wani adadi mai yawa na sojojin Faransa a fili.Jimillar sojojin Rasha-Austriya sun kai kusan 6,700, yayin da sojojin Faransa suka kai kusan dakaru 10,000.Sojojin Rasha-Austriya sun sami ƙarin raunuka amma har yanzu sun sami nasarar ja da baya.

Gawarwakin Michael von Kienmayer da Franz Jellacic ne kawai suka tsere daga lullubin Grande Armée na Napoleon.Yayin da ginshiƙan Kienmayer suka gudu zuwa gabas, sun haɗa kai da wasu sojojin Daular Rasha a wani aikin tsaro na baya a yakin Amstetten a ranar 5 ga Nuwamba.Bayan 'yan kwanaki, Davout's III Corps ya kama ƙungiyar Merveldt a Mariazell.Sojojin Austriya, wadanda hankalinsu ya girgiza ta hanyar ci gaba da ja da baya, an fatattaki su bayan gajeruwar gwagwarmaya.

A Dürenstein, dakarun Rasha da na Austriya sun makale a wani yanki na Faransa da Théodore Maxime Gazan ya jagoranta.Sashen Faransanci wani ɓangare ne na sabuwar ƙungiyar ta VIII, wanda ake kira Corps Mortier, ƙarƙashin umarnin Édouard Mortier.A cikin neman komawar Australiya daga Bavaria, Mortier ya kara fadada sassansa guda uku tare da arewacin bankin Danube.Mikhail Kutuzov, kwamandan rundunar hadin gwiwa, ya yaudari Mortier ya aika da yankin Gazan cikin tarko, kuma an kama sojojin Faransa a cikin wani kwari tsakanin ginshiƙan Rasha biyu.An cece su da isar rukuni na biyu a kan lokaci, a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Pierre Dupont de l'Étang.Yakin dai ya kai har cikin dare, inda bangarorin biyu suka yi ikirarin samun nasara.Faransawa sun yi asarar fiye da kashi ɗaya bisa uku na mahalarta taron, kuma sashen na Gazan ya sami asarar sama da kashi 40 cikin ɗari.'Yan Austriya da na Rasha suma sun yi asara mai yawa - kusan kashi 16 cikin dari - amma watakila mafi mahimmanci shine mutuwar Johann Heinrich von Schmitt, daya daga cikin manyan hafsoshin Austriya.

Yakin Ulm a watan Oktoban 1805 ya kasance bala'i ga Ostiriya, tare da gawarwakin Michael von Kienmayer da Franz Jellacic ne kawai suka tsere daga lullubin da Grande Armée na Napoleon ya kama.Yayin da sojojin Kienmayer suka janye gabas zuwa Vienna, hanyar tserewa kawai zuwa Jellacic shine kudu.Yayin da wasu gawawwakin Napoleon suka koma kudu zuwa cikin Alps da kuma sojojin Austriya na Archduke Charles, Duke na Teschen ya janye daga Italiya, an yanke sojojin Jellacic daga sauran Austria.A cikin wani tattaki mai ban mamaki, sojojin dawakansa sun tashi zuwa Bohemia kuma suka guje wa kamawa.Koyaya, gawawwakin Augereau da suka dawo daga baya sun koma cikin Vorarlberg kuma, bayan rikice-rikice da yawa, sun kama sojojin Jellacic a Dornbirn.Rundunar VII ta Faransa karkashin Marshal Pierre Augereau ta fuskanci sojojin Austria karkashin jagorancin Franz Jellacic.An keɓe kusa da Lake Constance (Bodensee) ta manyan adadin sojojin Faransa, Jellacic ya ba da umarninsa.

Sojojin Rasha na Kutuzov sun yi ritaya daga arewacin Danube a gaban sojojin Faransa na Napoleon.A ranar 13 ga Nuwamba 1805 Marshals Murat da Lannes, da ke ba da umarni ga masu gadin Faransa na gaba, sun kama wata gada da ke kan Danube a Vienna ta hanyar karyar cewa an sanya hannu kan wani makami, sannan suka garzaya gadar yayin da masu gadin suka shagala.Bayan ci gaba da kai hare-hare da dama na Faransa tare da rike mukamin na wasu sa'o'i shida, an kori Bagration kuma aka aiwatar da ƙwararrun ƙwararrun janyewar don yin ritaya daga arewa maso gabas don shiga babban sojojin Rasha.Ƙwararriyar tsaronsa ta fuskar manyan runduna ta samu nasarar jinkiri ga Faransawa don isa ga sojojin Rasha na Kutuzov da Buxhowden don haɗuwa a Brno (Brünn) a ranar 18 ga Nuwamba 1805.

Bayan jin labarin Ulm, babban sojojin Archduke Charles, Duke na Teschen ya fara janyewa daga arewacin Italiya kuma Archduke John na Ostiriya na ƙananan sojojin ya janye daga gundumar Tyrol.A cikin ruɗani, ƙungiyar Rohan ta rabu da sojojin John.Da farko, Rohan ya yi ƙoƙari ya shiga ɓangaren sojojin Charles.Bai yi nasara ba, ya sa mutanensa su ƙaura zuwa kudu don haɗa kai da sansanin Austrian na Venice.Bayan wani tattaki mai ban mamaki da aka yi wa brigade Rohan a takaice daga Venice.Bangarorin biyu na Sojojin Faransa na Italiya sun yi arangama da wata birgediya ta Austria karkashin jagorancin Yarima Louis Victor de Rohan-Guéméné.Austriya sun yi wani tattaki mai ban mamaki daga zurfin tsaunukan Alps zuwa filayen arewacin Italiya.Amma, an kama tsakanin ɓangarorin Jean Reynier da Laurent Gouvion Saint-Cyr, Rohan ya ba da umarninsa bayan ya kasa yaƙar hanyarsa.

Yaƙin Austerlitz yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi mahimmanci kuma yanke hukunci na Yaƙin Napoleon.A cikin abin da ake yi wa kallon babbar nasara da Napoleon ya samu, Grande Armée na Faransa ya yi galaba a kan babban sojojin Rasha da Austriya karkashin jagorancin Sarkin sarakuna Alexander I da Sarkin Roma mai tsarki Francis II.Austerlitz ya kawo karshen Yaƙin Haɗin kai na Uku, tare da Yarjejeniyar Pressburg da Austrians suka sanya hannu daga baya a cikin wata.

A wancan lokacin, yankin Cape Colony na Jamhuriyar Batavian ne, ɗan ƙasar Faransa.Domin hanyar teku da ke kusa da Cape yana da mahimmanci ga Birtaniya, sun yanke shawarar kwace mulkin mallaka don hana shi - da kuma hanyar teku - daga shiga ƙarƙashin ikon Faransa.An aika da jiragen ruwa na Burtaniya zuwa Cape a cikin Yuli 1805, don hana sojojin Faransa da Napoleon ya aika don ƙarfafa sansanin Cape.Bayan nasarar Biritaniya, an sami zaman lafiya a ƙarƙashin Treaty Tree a Woodstock.Ta kafa mulkin Birtaniya a Afirka ta Kudu, wanda zai kasance yana da abubuwa masu yawa ga yankin a cikin karni na sha tara da ashirin.

Squadrons na jiragen ruwan Faransa da na Burtaniya na layin sun yi artabu a gabar tekun kudancin kasar Sipaniya Kyaftin Janar na Santo Domingo da Faransa ta mamaye a yankin Caribbean.Dukkan jiragen ruwan Faransa guda biyar na layin da Vice-Admiral Corentin-Urbain Leissègues ya umarta an kama su ko kuma aka lalata su.Rundunar sojojin ruwa karkashin jagorancin mataimakin Admiral Sir John Thomas Duckworth ba su yi asarar jiragen ruwa ba kuma sun sha wahala a kasa da dari da aka kashe yayin da Faransawa suka rasa kusan maza 1,500.Kadan daga cikin tawagar Faransa ne kawai suka iya tserewa.

Dakarun Daular Faransa karkashin jagorancin Marshal André Masséna sun yi tattaki daga arewacin Italiya zuwa Masarautar Naples, kawancen kawance da Faransa da Sarki Ferdinand IV ya yi.An ci sojojin Neapolitan a Campo Tenese kuma cikin sauri ya wargaje.A karshe mamaya ya yi nasara duk da wasu koma-baya, ciki har da tsawaita Siege na Gaeta, nasarar da Birtaniyya ta samu a Maida, da kuma yakin sari-ka-noke da manoma suka yi da Faransawa.Cikakkun nasara ba ta samu ga Faransawa ba saboda Ferdinand ya koma yankinsa a Sicily inda sojojin ruwa na Royal Navy da kuma sansanin sojojin Burtaniya suka kare shi.A 1806 Sarkin sarakuna Napoleon ya nada ɗan'uwansa Joseph Bonaparte ya yi sarauta a kudancin Italiya a matsayin sarki.

Garin Gaeta mai kagara da sansaninsa na Neapolitan karkashin Louis na Hesse-Philippsthal wani gawawwaki na Faransa da André Masséna ya jagoranta ya kewaye shi.Bayan tsawaita tsaro wanda Hesse ya ji rauni sosai, Gaeta ya mika wuya kuma Masséna ya ba rundunar sojojinsa sharudda masu karimci.

Bangarorin biyu na Sojojin Faransa na Naples karkashin jagorancin Jean Reynier sun kai hari a bangaren hagu na Sojojin Royal Neapolitan karkashin Roger de Damas.Ko da yake an kare masu tsaron gida ta hanyar katangar filin, wani harin gaba na Faransa da aka haɗa tare da motsi mai juyayi da sauri ya mamaye matsayi kuma ya kori Neapolitans tare da hasara mai yawa.

Sojojin Biritaniya sun gwabza da sojojin Faransa a wajen garin Maida da ke Calabria a Italiya a lokacin yakin Napoleon.John Stuart ya jagoranci dakaru 5,236 na Anglo-Sicilian don samun nasara akan sojojin Franco-Italian-Poland kusan 5,400 karkashin jagorancin Janar Jean Reynier na Faransa, inda ya yi hasarar adadi mai yawa yayin da aka samu 'yan tsiraru.

Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyoyin Rhine , waɗanda aka fi sani da Ƙungiyar Rhine, kuma aka sani da Napoleonic Jamus, ƙungiya ce ta ƙasashen Jamus abokan ciniki da aka kafa bisa umarnin Napoleon 'yan watanni bayan ya ci Austria da Rasha a yakin Austerlitz.Ƙirƙirar ta ya kawo rushewar Daular Roma Mai Tsarki jim kaɗan bayan haka.Ƙungiyar Rhine ta kasance daga 1806 zuwa 1813.Wadanda suka kafa wannan kungiya su ne sarakunan Jamus na Daular Roma mai tsarki.Daga baya wasu 19 ne suka shiga tare da su, gaba daya sun yanke hukunci kan batutuwa sama da miliyan 15.Wannan ya ba da babbar fa'ida ga Daular Faransa a kan iyakarta ta gabas ta hanyar samar da shinge tsakanin Faransa da manyan jahohin Jamus biyu, Prussia da Ostiriya (waɗanda kuma ke sarrafa manyan ƙasashen da ba na Jamus ba).

Yaƙin Mileto ya faru ne a Calabria a lokacin ƙoƙarin da Masarautar Bourbon ta Sicily ta yi na sake kwato dukiyarta a nahiyar Italiya, wadda aka fi sani da Masarautar Naples.Yakin dai ya kare ne da nasara ga sojojin Faransa karkashin Janar Jean Reynier.

Mahimmin Bincike:Masarautar Napoleon ta Italiya ta sami Venice , Istria, Dalmatiya daga AustriaBavaria ta sami TyrolWürttemberg ya ci yankunan Habsburg a SwabiaNapoleon ya kafa Mulkin Holland da Grand Duchy na BergDaular Roma Mai Tsarki ta rushe, Franz II ya ba da takensa na Sarkin Roma Mai TsarkiƘungiyar Rhine ta samo asali ne daga sarakunan Jamus na tsohuwar daular Roma mai tsarki.