Yakin hadin gwiwa na shida

A cikin Yuni 1812, Napoleon ya mamaye Rasha don tilasta Sarkin sarakuna Alexander I ya ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin Tsarin Nahiyar .Grande Armée, wanda ya ƙunshi mutane 650,000 (kusan rabin wanda Faransanci ne, tare da sauran waɗanda suka fito daga majiɓinta ko yanki), sun haye kogin Neman a ranar 23 ga Yuni 1812. Rasha ta yi shelar yaƙin Patriotic, yayin da Napoleon ya yi shelar " Yakin Poland na biyu".Amma a kan tsammanin Poles, wanda ya ba da kusan dakaru 100,000 ga sojojin mamayewa, da kuma yin la'akari da ƙarin shawarwari da Rasha, ya guje wa duk wani yarjejeniya ga Poland .Sojojin Rasha sun koma baya, suna lalata duk wani abu da zai iya amfani da su ga maharan har sai da suka ba da yaki a Borodino (7 ga Satumba) inda sojojin biyu suka yi wani mummunan yaki.Duk da cewa Faransa ta yi nasara da dabara, yakin bai cimma ruwa ba.Bayan yakin Rashawa sun janye, ta haka suka bude hanyar zuwa Moscow.A ranar 14 ga Satumba, Faransawa sun mamaye birnin Moscow amma sun gano babu kowa a cikin birnin.Alexander I (duk da cewa ya kusan rasa yaƙi ta hanyar ƙa'idodin Yammacin Turai) ya ƙi yin nasara, ya bar Faransanci a cikin birnin Moscow da aka yi watsi da abinci ko matsuguni (yawan sassa na Moscow sun ƙone) kuma lokacin sanyi yana gabatowa.A cikin wadannan yanayi, kuma ba tare da wata tabbatacciyar hanyar samun nasara ba, Napoleon ya tilasta janye daga Moscow.Don haka ne aka fara babban bala'i mai girma , a lokacin da sojojin da suka ja da baya suka fuskanci matsin lamba saboda rashin abinci, tarwatsewa, da tsananin yanayin hunturu, duk yayin da sojojin Rasha ke ci gaba da kai hari karkashin jagorancin babban kwamandan Mikhail Kutuzov, da kuma sauran mayakan sa kai.Jimillar asarar Sojojin da aka yi sun kai aƙalla mutane 370,000 da suka jikkata sakamakon faɗa, yunwa da yanayin sanyi, sannan an kama 200,000.A watan Nuwamba, sojojin da suka dace 27,000 ne kawai suka sake ketare kogin Berezina.Yanzu Napoleon ya bar sojojinsa ya koma Paris kuma ya shirya garkuwar Poland da Rashawa masu tasowa.Lamarin bai kasance mai muni ba kamar yadda zai kasance da farko;Har ila yau, 'yan Rasha sun yi asarar kusan mutane 400,000, kuma sojojinsu sun yi rauni.Duk da haka, suna da fa'idar gajeren layin samar da kayayyaki kuma sun sami damar sake cika sojojinsu da sauri fiye da na Faransanci, musamman saboda asarar dawakai da kekunan Napoleon ba za su iya maye gurbinsu ba.

A ranar 3 ga Maris, 1813, bayan doguwar tattaunawa, Birtaniya ta amince da da'awar Sweden ga Norway, Sweden ta shiga kawancen soja da Birtaniya kuma ta shelanta yaki da Faransa, ta 'yantar da Pomerania na Sweden jim kadan bayan haka.A ranar 17 ga Maris, Sarki Frederick William III na Prussia ya buga kiran neman makamai ga mutanensa, An Mein Volk.Prussia ta shelanta yaki a kan Faransa a ranar 13 ga Maris, wanda Faransa ta karbe shi a ranar 16 ga Maris.Rikicin makami na farko ya faru ne a ranar 5 ga Afrilu a yakin Möckern, inda hadin gwiwar sojojin Prusso-Rasha suka fatattaki sojojin Faransa.

An yi yaƙin neman zaɓe na Jamus a shekara ta 1813. Membobin Ƙungiya ta Shida, da suka haɗa da Jahohin Jamus na Austria da Prussia, da Rasha da Sweden, sun yi yaƙi da dama a Jamus da Sarkin Faransa Napoleon, da hakimansa, da kuma sojojin Ƙungiya . na Rhine - ƙawance na mafi yawan sauran jihohin Jamus - wanda ya kawo karshen mamayar daular Faransa ta farko.Yaƙin bazara tsakanin Faransa da Ƙungiyoyin Haɗin kai na shida ya ƙare ba tare da cimma wata yarjejeniya ba (Truce of Pläswitz).Ta hanyar Tsarin Trachenberg, wanda aka haɓaka a lokacin tsagaita wuta a lokacin rani na 1813, ministocin Prussia, Rasha, da Sweden sun amince su bi dabarun kawance guda ɗaya kan Napoleon.Bayan kawo karshen yarjejeniyar tsagaita bude wuta, daga karshe Ostiriya ta goyi bayan kawancen, lamarin da ya dakile fatan Napoleon na cimma yarjejeniyoyin daban da Ostiriya da Rasha.Gamayyar a halin yanzu tana da fifikon fifiko na lambobi, wanda a ƙarshe suka haifar da tasiri ga manyan sojojin Napoleon, duk da koma baya a baya kamar yakin Dresden.Babban abin da ke tattare da dabarun kawance shine yakin Leipzig a watan Oktoba na 1813, wanda ya ƙare da cin nasara ga Napoleon.Kungiyar Rhine ta wargaje ne bayan yakin da aka yi da da yawa daga cikin tsoffin mambobinta da suka shiga kawancen, wanda ya karya ikon Napoleon a kan Jamus .

Shirin Trachenberg dabarar yakin neman zabe ce da kawancen kawance suka kirkira a yakin Jamus na 1813 a lokacin yakin hadin gwiwa na shida, kuma aka sanya sunan taron da aka gudanar a fadar Trachenberg.Shirin ya ba da shawarar gujewa yin hulɗa kai tsaye da sarkin Faransa, Napoleon na I, wanda ya samo asali ne daga tsoron halin da sarkin yake da shi a yanzu a yaƙi.A sakamakon haka, kawancen sun yi shirin shiga tare da fatattakar manyan hafsoshin Napoleon da janar-janar daban-daban, kuma ta haka ne suka raunana sojojinsa yayin da suka gina babbar runduna ko da shi ma ba zai iya cin nasara ba.An yanke shawarar ne bayan jerin cin nasara da kuma kusa da bala'o'i a hannun Napoleon a Lützen, Bautzen da Dresden.Shirin ya yi nasara, kuma a yakin Leipzig, inda Allies ke da amfani mai yawa, Napoleon ya ci nasara sosai kuma an kori shi daga Jamus, ya koma Rhine.

Yakin Möckern dai wani kazamin fada ne da aka gwabza tsakanin sojojin Prusso-Rasha da ke kawance da sojojin Napoleon na Faransa a kudancin Möckern.Ya faru ne a ranar 5 ga Afrilu 1813. Ya ƙare a cikin rashin nasara na Faransa kuma ya kafa nasara mai nasara ga "Yaƙin 'Yanci" da Napoleon.Bisa la'akari da wadannan rashin zato, mataimakin na Faransa ya kammala a daren 5 ga Afrilu don sake komawa Magdeburg.A yayin janyewar sojojin Faransa sun lalata dukkan gadojin Klusdammes, tare da hana manyan hanyoyin shiga Magdeburg zuwa ga kawancen.Duk da cewa sojojin Faransa a Jamus ba su yi nasara a kan wannan matakin ba, amma ga Prussiyawa da na Rasha, arangamar ta kasance muhimmiyar nasara ta farko a hanyar samun nasara ta ƙarshe akan Napoleon.

A yakin Lützen (Jamus: Schlacht von Großgörschen, 2 ga Mayu 1813), Napoleon na Faransa ya ci nasara da sojojin kawance na hadin gwiwa na shida.Kwamandan na Rasha, Yarima Peter Wittgenstein, ya yi yunkurin hana Napoleon kame Leipzig, ya kai hari ga hannun dama na Faransa kusa da Lützen, Saxony-Anhalt, Jamus, abin mamaki Napoleon.Da sauri ya murmure, ya ba da umarnin a rufa wa abokan gaba biyu.Bayan kwana daya ana gwabza kazamin fada, daf da kewayen sojojinsa ya sa Wittgenstein ja da baya.Saboda karancin sojojin doki, Faransawa ba su bi ba.

A yakin Bautzen (20-21 ga Mayu 1813), hadin gwiwar sojojin Prusso-Rasha, wadanda suka fi yawa, Napoleon ya tura su baya amma sun tsere daga halaka, tare da wasu majiyoyi suna iƙirarin cewa Marshal Michel Ney ya kasa hana su koma baya.Prussians karkashin Janar Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher da kuma na Rasha a karkashin Janar Peter Wittgenstein, sun ja da baya bayan da suka sha kashi a Lützen sojojin Faransa a karkashin Napoleon.

The Truce ko Armistice na Pläswitz ya kasance na tsawon makonni tara a lokacin yakin Napoleon, wanda aka amince tsakanin Napoleon na Faransa da Allies a ranar 4 ga Yuni 1813 (ranar da aka yi yakin Luckau a wani wuri).Metternich ne ya gabatar da shi a lokacin da babban sojojin da ke kawance da su a cikin Silesia bayan Bautzen, Napoleon ya ba shi goyon baya (yana sha'awar yadda zai sayi lokaci don ƙarfafa sojan doki, ya huta da sojojinsa, ya tsoratar da Austria ta hanyar kawo sojojin Italiya zuwa Laibach da Tattaunawar zaman lafiya dabam da Rasha) kuma Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyoyin sun yarda da su sosai (don haka sayen lokaci don neman goyon bayan Austrian, kawo ƙarin kudade na Birtaniya da kuma hutawa sojojin Rasha da suka gaji).The Truce ya amince da duk Saxony ga Napoleon, don mayar da yankin tare da Oder, kuma an shirya shi da farko ya ƙare a ranar 10 ga Yuli, amma daga baya ya ƙara zuwa 10 ga Agusta.A lokacin da Truce ya siya, Landwehr ya tattara kuma Metternich ya kammala yarjejeniyar Reichenbach a ranar 27 ga Yuni, tare da yarda cewa Austria za ta shiga cikin kawance idan Napoleon ya kasa cika wasu sharudda da takamaiman rana.Ya kasa cika waɗannan sharuɗɗan, an ƙyale Truce ya ƙare ba tare da sabuntawa ba, kuma Austria ta ayyana yaƙi a ranar 12 ga Agusta.Daga baya Napoleon ya siffanta makamin a matsayin babban kuskuren rayuwarsa.

Napoleon ya tuno wa Faransa sojoji da yawa don sake gina babbar rundunarsa bayan mummunan mamayar da ya yi wa Rasha .A ranar 20 ga Mayun 1813 Wellington ta yi tattaki da dakaru 121,000 (53,749 British, 39,608 Spanish and 27,569 Portuguese) daga arewacin Portugal ƙetare tsaunukan arewacin Spain da kogin Esla don yin waje da sojojin Marshal Jourdan na 68,000, sun yi taho-mu-gama tsakanin Douro da Tagus.Faransawa sun ja da baya zuwa Burgos, tare da sojojin Wellington sun yi tattaki sosai don katse su daga hanyar zuwa Faransa.Wellington da kansa ya ba da umarni ga ƙananan runduna ta tsakiya a cikin dabarar dabara, yayin da Sir Thomas Graham ya jagoranci yawancin sojojin a gefen dama na Faransa a kan shimfidar wuri da ake ganin ba za a iya wucewa ba.Wellington ya kaddamar da harin nasa tare da 57,000 na Birtaniya, 16,000 Portuguese da 8,000 Mutanen Espanya a Vitoria a ranar 21 ga Yuni, daga wurare hudu.A yakin Vitoria (21 ga Yuni 1813) sojojin Burtaniya, Fotigal daSpain a karkashin Marquess na Wellington sun karya sojojin Faransa karkashin Sarki Joseph Bonaparte da Marshal Jean-Baptiste Jourdan kusa da Vitoria a Spain, a karshe ya kai ga nasara a yakin Peninsular .

Yakin Pyrenees babban hari ne (mawallafin David Chandler ya gane 'yakin' a matsayin tashin hankali) wanda Marshal Nicolas Jean de Dieu Soult ya kaddamar a ranar 25 ga Yuli 1813 da Marshal Nicolas Jean de Dieu Soult daga yankin Pyrénées bisa umarnin Sarkin Napoleon, a cikin bege. kawar da sojojin Faransa da ke karkashin kawanya a Pamplona da San Sebastián.Bayan nasarar farko, filin tashin hankali ya tsaya tsayin daka don fuskantar karuwar juriya a karkashin umarnin Arthur Wellesley, Marquess na Wellington.Soult ya yi watsi da harin a ranar 30 ga Yuli kuma ya nufi Faransa, bayan ya kasa sauke ko wanne garrison.Yaƙin Pyrenees ya ƙunshi ayyuka daban-daban.A ranar 25 ga Yuli, Soult da gawawwakin Faransa guda biyu sun yi yaƙi da ƙungiyar 4th na Biritaniya da aka ƙarfafa da ƙungiyar Mutanen Espanya a Yaƙin Roncesvalles.Dakarun kawancen sun yi nasarar dakile dukkan hare-hare da rana, amma sun ja da baya daga mashigar Roncesvalles a wannan dare a gaban babbar nasara ta Faransa.Har ila yau, a ranar 25th, gawarwakin Faransa na uku sun yi ƙoƙari sosai na Birtaniya ta biyu a yakin Maya.Turawan Ingila sun janye daga mashigin Maya da maraice.Wellington ya tara sojojinsa a ɗan gajeren tazara a arewacin Pamplona tare da dakile harin gawawwakin Soult biyu a yakin Sorauren a ranar 28 ga Yuli.Maimakon komawa arewa maso gabas zuwa Roncesvalles Pass, Soult ya yi hulɗa da gawawwakin sa na uku a ranar 29 ga Yuli kuma ya fara komawa arewa.A ranar 30 ga Yuli, Wellington ya kai hari ga masu gadin Soult a Sourauren, tare da kora wasu sojojin Faransa zuwa arewa maso gabas, yayin da yawancin suka ci gaba zuwa arewa.Maimakon yin amfani da Maya Pass, Soult ya zaba ya jagoranci arewa zuwa kwarin Bidassoa.Ya yi nasarar kaucewa yunƙurin da ƙungiyoyin haɗin gwiwa suka yi na kewaye sojojinsa a Yanci a ranar 1 ga Agusta kuma ya tsere ta hanyar wucewa ta kusa bayan wani matakin tsaro na ƙarshe a Etxalar a ranar 2 ga Agusta.Faransawa sun yi asarar kusan sau biyu fiye da na sojojin kawance.

Duk da haka a kusan lokaci guda da yakin Dresden, Faransawa sun ci gaba da cin nasara da dama, na farko a hannun sojojin Bernadotte na Arewa a ranar 23 ga Agusta, tare da tursasawa Oudinot zuwa Berlin da Prussians suka buge, a Großbeeren.Yaƙin Großbeeren ya faru ne a ranar 23 ga Agusta 1813 a maƙwabta Blankenfelde da Sputendorf tsakanin Prussian III Corps a ƙarƙashin Friedrich von Bülow da Faransa-Saxon VII Corps a ƙarƙashin Jean Reynier.Napoleon ya yi fatan korar Prussiyawa daga cikin hadin gwiwa na shida ta hanyar kwace babban birninsu, amma fadamar da ke kudu da Berlin hade da ruwan sama da kuma rashin lafiyar Marshal Nicolas Oudinot duk sun taimaka wajen shan kashi na Faransa.

A Katzbach Prussians, wanda Blücher ya umarta, ya yi amfani da tafiya na Napoleon zuwa Dresden don kai hari ga Marshal MacDonald's Army na Bober.A lokacin da aka yi ruwan sama kamar da bakin kwarya a ranar 26 ga watan Agusta, kuma saboda umarni masu karo da juna da kuma lalacewar hanyoyin sadarwa, gawarwakin MacDonald da dama sun samu kansu a ware da juna tare da gada da dama akan kogin Katzback da Neisse da ruwa ya lalata.200,000 Prussians da Faransanci sun yi karo a cikin rikice-rikicen yakin da ya rikide zuwa yakin hannu-da-hannu.Duk da haka, Blucher da Prussians sun tattara raka'o'insu da suka tarwatse, suka kai hari ga wani keɓaɓɓen gawarwakin Faransa suka makala ta a kan Katzbach, suka halaka ta;tilastawa Faransa shiga cikin ruwan zafi inda da yawa suka nutse.An kashe Faransawa 13,000 da jikkata wasu 20,000.Mutanen Prussiyawa sun rasa amma maza 4,000.Wanda ya faru a rana guda da yakin Dresden, ya haifar da nasara ga hadin gwiwa, tare da Faransawa sun koma Saxony.

Bayan ƙarshen yaƙin, Napoleon ya zama kamar ya dawo da himma a Dresden (26-27 ga Agusta 1813), inda ya haifar da ɗaya daga cikin hasarar da ba ta dace ba na zamanin akan sojojin Prussian-Rasha-Austriya.A ranar 26 ga watan Agusta, kawancen da ke karkashin Yarima von Schwarzenberg sun kai hari ga sojojin Faransa a Dresden.Napoleon ya isa fagen fama a farkon 27 ga watan Agusta tare da Guard da sauran ƙarfafawa kuma duk da cewa ya fi girma fiye da maza 135,000 kawai zuwa 215,000 na Coalition, Napoleon ya zaɓi ya kai hari ga Allies.Napoleon ya juya Allied Left Flank, kuma a cikin gwanintar amfani da ƙasa, ya sanya shi a kan kogin Weißeritz da ya ambaliya kuma ya keɓe shi daga sauran sojojin haɗin gwiwar.Daga nan sai ya ba da mashahurin kwamandan sojan doki, da Sarkin Naples, Joachim Murat ya bar su ya hallaka Austrian da ke kewaye.Ruwan sama kamar da bakin kwarya da aka yi a wannan rana ya dakushe fodar bindiga, inda ya mayar da musket da igwa na 'yan Austriya ba su da amfani a kan sabar da mashinan Murat's Cuirassiers da Lancers wadanda suka yaga 'yan kasar ta Austriya, inda suka dauki ma'auni 15 tare da tilasta ma'auni na sassa uku, maza 13,000, mika wuya.An tilasta wa Allies ja da baya a wasu rikice-rikice bayan sun rasa kusan maza 40,000 zuwa Faransanci 10,000 kawai.Sai dai kuma, yanayin da ake ciki ya yi wa sojojin Napoleon cikas, kuma sun kasa rufe kewayen da Sarkin sarakuna ya shirya kafin Allies din da kyar suka zube.Don haka yayin da Napoleon ya buge wani mummunan rauni a kan Allies, kurakurai da yawa na dabara sun ba da damar Allies su janye, don haka ya lalata mafi kyawun damar Napoleon na kawo karshen yakin a cikin yaki daya.Duk da haka, Napoleon ya sake yin mummunar asara a kan Sojoji na farko na Allied Army duk da cewa ba shi da yawa kuma na wasu makonni bayan Dresden Schwarzenberg ya ki daukar mataki.

Napoleon da kansa, ba shi da mayaƙan dawakai da yawa, ya kasa hana halakar rundunar sojojin gabaɗaya, waɗanda suka ware kansu suna bin abokan gaba bayan Yaƙin Dresden ba tare da tallafi ba, a Yaƙin Kulm (29-30 ga Agusta 1813), ya yi rashin nasara. Mutum 13,000 sun kara raunana sojojinsa.Da yake fahimtar cewa Allies za su ci gaba da cin nasara a karkashinsa, Napoleon ya fara ƙarfafa sojojinsa don yin yaki mai tsanani.Yayin da Marshal MacDonald ya sha kashi a Katzbach ya zo daidai da nasarar Napoleon a Dresden, nasarar da Coalition nasara a Kulm ya yi watsi da nasararsa, ganin cewa sojojinsa ba su taba murkushe abokan gaba ba.Don haka, ta hanyar cin nasarar wannan yaki, Ostermann-Tolstoy da sojojinsa sun yi nasarar siyan lokacin da ake bukata domin dakarun hadin gwiwa su sake haduwa bayan yakin Dresden don yakin Wartenburg da kuma yakin Leipzig.

Bayan haka Faransawan sun sake samun wani mummunan rashi a hannun sojojin Bernadotte a ranar 6 ga Satumba a Dennewitz inda Ney ke kan gaba a yanzu, tare da Oudinot a matsayin mataimakinsa.Faransawa sun sake ƙoƙarin kama Berlin, asarar da Napoleon ya yi imanin zai kori Prussia daga yakin.Duk da haka, Ney ya shiga cikin tarko da Bernadotte ya kafa kuma Prussians sun dakatar da shi a cikin sanyi, sannan kuma suka yi nasara a lokacin da Yariman Crown ya isa tare da 'yan Swedansa da kuma gawarwakin Rasha a gefensu.Wannan kashin na biyu da tsohon Marshal na Napoleon ya yi ya zama bala'i ga Faransawa, inda suka yi asarar igwa 50, Eagles hudu da kuma maza 10,000 a filin wasa.Ƙarin asara ya faru a lokacin da ake binsa a wannan maraice, da kuma washegari, yayin da mayaƙan sojan Sweden da na Prussian suka ɗauki ƙarin fursunonin Faransa 13,000-14,000.Ney ya koma Wittenberg tare da ragowar umarninsa kuma bai yi wani yunƙuri na kama Berlin ba.Yunkurin Napoleon na fitar da Prussia daga yakin ya ci tura;kamar yadda yake da shirin aikinsa na yakar yakin tsakiyar matsayi.Bayan da ya yi rashin nasara, yanzu an tilasta masa ya tattara sojojinsa ya nemi wani gagarumin yaki a Leipzig.Ƙaddamar da asarar sojojin da aka yi a Dennewitz, Faransanci yanzu suna rasa goyon bayan jihohin Jamus .Labarin nasarar Bernadotte a Dennewitz ya aika da girgizar girgiza a cikin Jamus, inda mulkin Faransa ya zama wanda ba a yarda da shi ba, wanda ya sa Tyrol ya tashi cikin tawaye kuma shi ne alamar Sarkin Bavaria ya yi shelar tsaka tsaki da fara tattaunawa da Austrians (bisa lamuni na yanki). da kuma riƙe Maximillian na kambinsa) a cikin shirye-shiryen shiga cikin al'amuran Allied.Wasu sojojin Saxon sun koma Sojan Bernadotte a lokacin yakin kuma sojojin Westphalian yanzu suna barin sojojin Sarki Jerome da yawa.Bayan sanarwar da Yariman Yariman Sweden ya yi yana kira ga Sojojin Saxon (Bernadotte ya ba da umarnin Sojan Saxon a Yaƙin Wagram kuma suna son su) su zo kan hanyar Allied, manyan shugabannin Saxon ba za su iya ba da amsa ga amincin su ba. Sojoji da Faransawa a yanzu sun dauki ragowar abokan kawancensu na Jamus ba abin dogaro ba ne.Daga baya, a ranar 8 ga Oktoba 1813, Bavaria a hukumance ta yi adawa da Napoleon a matsayin memba na Coalition.

Yaƙin Wartenburg ya faru ne a ranar 3 ga Oktoba 1813 tsakanin rundunar sojojin Faransa IV da Janar Henri Gatien Bertrand ya ba da umarni da Sojan Silesia na Allied, musamman I Corps na Janar Ludwig von Yorck.Yaƙin ya ba sojojin Silesia damar ketare Elbe, wanda a ƙarshe ya kai ga yakin Leipzig.

Napoleon ya janye tare da kusan dakaru 175,000 zuwa Leipzig a Saxony inda ya yi tunanin zai iya yin yaki da sojojin kawancen da ke tafe da shi.A can, a yakin da ake kira Yaƙin Ƙasa (16-19 Oktoba 1813) sojojin Faransa, waɗanda aka ƙarfafa su zuwa 191,000, sun fuskanci kansu da dakarun ƙawance guda uku suna haɗuwa da shi, a ƙarshe ya kai fiye da dakaru 430,000.A cikin kwanaki masu zuwa yakin ya haifar da shan kashi ga Napoleon, wanda duk da haka ya sami damar gudanar da ja da baya cikin tsari zuwa yamma.Duk da haka, yayin da sojojin Faransa ke ci gaba da hayewa zuwa White Elster, gadar ta tashi da wuri, kuma sojojin 30,000 sun makale don kama su a fursuna a hannun sojojin kawance.Sojojin hadin gwiwa na Ostiriya, Prussia, Sweden, da Rasha, karkashin jagorancin Tsar Alexander I da Karl von Schwarzenberg, sun yi nasara a kan Grande Armée na Sarkin Faransa Napoleon Bonaparte.Sojojin Napoleon kuma sun ƙunshi sojojin Poland da Italiya, da kuma Jamusawa daga ƙungiyar Rhine (mafi yawanci Saxony da Württemberg).Yaƙin shine ƙarshen Yaƙin Jamus na 1813 kuma ya ƙunshi sojoji 560,000, manyan bindigogi 2,200, kashe harsasai 400,000 na bindigogi, da kuma 133,000 da aka kashe, wanda ya zama yaƙi mafi girma a Turai kafin yakin duniya na ɗaya.An sake shan kaye da gaske, Napoleon ya tilasta komawa Faransa yayin da Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin ta shida ta ci gaba da yin nasara, ta rushe Ƙungiyar Rhine da kuma mamaye Faransa a farkon shekara mai zuwa.

Bayan cin nasarar Napoleon a yakin Leipzig a farkon watan Oktoba, Napoleon ya fara ja da baya daga Jamus zuwa Faransa da aminci.Wrede yayi ƙoƙarin toshe layin Napoleon na ja da baya a Hanau a ranar 30 ga Oktoba.Napoleon ya isa Hanau tare da ƙarfafawa kuma ya ci nasara da sojojin Wrede.A ranar 31 ga Oktoba Hanau yana cikin ikon Faransa, yana buɗe layin Napoleon na ja da baya.Yakin Hanau karamin yaki ne, amma wata muhimmiyar nasara ta dabara da ta baiwa sojojin Napoleon damar komawa kasar Faransa don murmurewa da fuskantar mamayar Faransa.A halin da ake ciki, gawawwakin Davout sun ci gaba da ci gaba da kai hare-hare a birnin Hamburg, inda ya zama rundunar daular karshe ta gabas da Rhine.

Yaƙin Nivelle (10 Nuwamba 1813) ya faru a gaban kogin Nivelle kusa da ƙarshen Yaƙin Peninsular.(1808-1814).Bayan yakin da aka yi wa San Sebastian, sojojin Birtaniya 80,000 na Wellington (20,000 na Mutanen Espanya ba a gwada su ba a yakin) sun kasance suna neman Marshal Soult wanda ke da mutane 60,000 don sanya su a cikin wani yanki na 20 mil.Bayan runduna ta haske, an umarci babban sojojin Birtaniya da su kai hari, kuma shiyya ta 3 ta raba sojojin Soult gida biyu.Da karfe biyu na dare, Soult na cikin ja da baya sannan Birtaniya na cikin wani matsayi mai karfi.Soult ya sake yin rashin nasara a ƙasar Faransa kuma ya rasa maza 4,500 zuwa Wellington's 5,500.

An yi yakin La Rothière a ranar 1 ga Fabrairun 1814 tsakanin Daular Faransa da sojojin kawance na Ostiriya, Prussia, Rasha , da Jihohin Jamus da suka yi kawance da Faransa a baya.Sarkin Faransa Napoleon ne ya jagoranci Faransa kuma sojojin haɗin gwiwar suna ƙarƙashin jagorancin Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher.Yaƙin ya faru ne a cikin yanayi mai tsanani (rigar dusar ƙanƙara).An ci Faransawa amma sun yi nasarar rike har sai da suka iya ja da baya a karkashin duhu.

Yakin Brienne (29 ga Janairu 1814) ya ga sojojin Faransa na Imperial karkashin jagorancin Sarkin sarakuna Napoleon sun kai hari ga Prussian da sojojin Rasha wanda Prussian Field Marshal Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher ya umarta.Bayan kazamin fada da aka yi cikin dare, Faransawa sun kwace chateau, inda suka kusa kwace Blücher.Duk da haka, Faransawa sun kasa korar 'yan Rasha daga garin Brienne-le-Château.Napoleon da kansa, wanda ya fara bayyanarsa a fagen fama a 1814, shi ma an kusa kama shi.Da sanyin safiya, sojojin Blücher suka yi watsi da garin a hankali suka koma kudu, suka ba wa Faransa filin wasa.A ƙarshen Disamba na 1813, dakaru biyu na Allied da farko sun ƙidaya maza 300,000 sun farfasa ta cikin raunin tsaron Faransa kuma suka koma yamma.A ƙarshen Janairu, Napoleon da kansa ya ɗauki filin don jagorantar sojojinsa.Sarkin Faransa ya yi fatan gurgunta sojojin Blücher kafin su hada kai da manyan sojojin kawance karkashin Field Marshal Karl Philipp na Austriya, Yariman Schwarzenberg.Wasan Napoleon ya gaza kuma Blücher ya tsere ya shiga Schwarzenberg.Kwanaki uku bayan haka, rundunonin biyu na Allied sun haɗu da mazajensu 120,000 kuma suka kai hari ga Napoleon a yakin La Rothière.

Yakin Montmirail (11 ga Fabrairu 1814) an gwabza tsakanin sojojin Faransa karkashin jagorancin Sarkin sarakuna Napoleon da wasu gawawwaki biyu na Allied da Fabian Wilhelm von Osten-Sacken da Ludwig Yorck von Wartenburg suka umarta.A cikin kazamin fada da aka yi har zuwa maraice, sojojin Faransa da suka hada da Dakarun Daular Larabawa sun fatattaki sojojin Rasha na Sacken tare da tilasta musu ja da baya zuwa arewa.Wani ɓangare na Yorck's Prussian I Corps yayi ƙoƙari ya shiga cikin gwagwarmaya amma kuma an kore shi.Yaƙin ya faru a kusa da Montmirail, Faransa, a lokacin Yaƙin Kwanaki Shida na Yaƙin Napoleon.Montmirail yana da nisan kilomita 51 (32 mi) gabas da Meaux.Bayan Napoleon ya murkushe kananan gawarwakin Zakhar Dmitrievich Olsufiev a yakin Champaubert a ranar 10 ga Fabrairu, ya sami kansa a tsakiyar rundunar sojojin Silesia ta Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher.Barin ƙaramin ƙarfi a gabas don kallon Blücher, Napoleon ya juya yawancin sojojinsa zuwa yamma a ƙoƙarin halaka Sacken.Ba tare da sanin girman sojojin Napoleon ba, Sacken ya yi ƙoƙari ya farfasa hanyarsa ta gabas don shiga Blücher.'Yan kasar Rasha sun yi nasarar rike madafun iko na sa'o'i da dama, amma an tilasta musu komawa bayan da karin sojojin Faransa suka fito a fagen daga.Sojojin Yorck sun isa ne kawai don a kore su, amma Prussians sun janye hankalin Faransanci har tsawon lokaci don ba da damar 'yan Rasha na Sacken su shiga su a janye zuwa arewa.Kashegari zai ga yakin Château-Thierry yayin da Napoleon ya kaddamar da duk wani abu.

A farkon watan Fabrairu Napoleon ya yi yaƙin yaƙin neman zaɓe na kwanaki Shida, inda ya ci nasara a yaƙe-yaƙe da yawa a kan manyan sojojin abokan gaba da ke tafiya abirnin Paris .Duk da haka, ya sanya sojoji kasa da 80,000 a duk tsawon wannan yakin na yaki da rundunar hadin gwiwa tsakanin 370,000 zuwa 405,000 da ke yakin neman zabe.Gangamin Kwanaki Shida shi ne jerin nasarorin karshe da sojojin Napoleon na Faransa suka yi yayin da gamayyar kawance ta shida ta rufe birnin Paris.Napoleon ya ci nasara hudu a kan sojojin Blücher na Silesia a yakin Champaubert, yakin Montmirail, yakin Château-Thierry, da yakin Vauchamps.Sojojin Napoleon na mutum 30,000 sun yi nasarar kashe mutane 17,750 a kan sojojin Blücher na 50,000-56,000. Ci gaban sojojin Bohemia karkashin Yarima Schwarzenberg zuwa Paris ya tilastawa Napoleon ya yi watsi da bibiyar sojojin na Blücher, amma ba da jimawa ba aka yi masa mugun rauni. zuwan ƙarfafawa.Kwanaki biyar bayan shan kashi a Vauchamps, Sojojin Silesia sun dawo kan harin.

Yaƙin Château-Thierry (12 ga Fabrairu 1814) ya ga sojojin Faransa na Imperial da Sarkin Napoleon ya umarta ya yi ƙoƙari ya lalata ƙungiyar Prussian karkashin jagorancin Ludwig Yorck von Wartenburg da ƙungiyar Rasha ta Imperial karkashin Fabian Wilhelm von Osten-Sacken.Gawawwakin ƙungiyoyin biyu sun yi nasarar tserewa ta kogin Marne, amma sun sha asara mai yawa fiye da faransa masu bi.Wannan aikin ya faru ne a lokacin yaƙin neman zaɓe na kwanaki Shida, jerin nasarorin da Napoleon ya samu a kan Prussian Field Marshal Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher Army na Silesia.Château-Thierry yana tazarar kilomita 75 (mil 47) arewa maso gabas da Paris.Bayan cin galaba a kan Napoleon a yakin La Rothière, sojojin Blücher sun rabu da babban sojojin kawance na filin Marshal na Austrian Karl Philipp, Yariman Schwarzenberg.Sojojin Blücher sun yi tattaki zuwa arewa maso yamma kuma suka bi kwarin Marne a cikin matsawa zuwa Paris yayin da sojojin Schwarzenberg suka koma yamma ta hanyar Troyes.Barin wani ɓangare na sojojinsa masu yawa don kallon jinkirin ci gaba na Schwarzenberg, Napoleon ya koma arewa da Blücher.Da yake kama sojojin Silesian sun yi mummunan fata, Napoleon ya rushe gawar Zakhar Dmitrievich Olsufiev na Rasha a yakin Champaubert a ranar 10 ga Fabrairu.Da yake juya yamma, Sarkin Faransa ya ci Sacken da Yorck a yakin Montmirail mai tsanani a rana mai zuwa.Yayin da Allies suka yi arewa zuwa gadar Château-Thierry a fadin Marne, Napoleon ya kaddamar da sojojinsa a cikin zazzafan bibiya amma ya kasa halaka Yorck da Sacken.Nan da nan Napoleon ya gano cewa Blücher yana gaba don kai masa hari tare da wasu gawawwaki biyu kuma an yi yakin Vauchamps a ranar 14 ga Fabrairu.

Yaƙin Vauchamps (14 ga Fabrairu 1814) shine babban ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan yaƙin neman zaɓe na kwanaki Shida na Yaƙin Haɗin kai na Shida.Hakan ya haifar da wani ɓangare na Grande Armée a ƙarƙashin Napoleon I na cin nasara ga wani babban jami'in Prussian da na Rasha na Sojojin Silesia karkashin Field-Marshal Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher.A safiyar ranar 14 ga Fabrairu, Blücher, wanda ke ba da umarnin rundunar Prussian Corps da wasu ƙungiyoyin sojojin Rasha guda biyu, ya sake kai hari kan Marmont.Na karshen ya ci gaba da faduwa har sai da aka karfafa shi.Napoleon ya isa fagen fama tare da rundunonin rundunonin makamai masu ƙarfi, wanda ya ba Faransa damar ƙaddamar da ƙayyadaddun yunƙurin kai hari tare da korar manyan abubuwa na Sojojin Silesia.Blücher ya gane cewa yana fuskantar Sarkin da kansa kuma ya yanke shawarar ja da baya ya guje wa wani yaƙi da Napoleon.A aikace, yunkurin da Blücher ya yi na kawar da kai ya kasance yana da matukar wahala a aiwatar da shi, domin a halin yanzu rundunar kawancen tana ci gaba da samun ci gaba, kusan babu wani sojan dawaki da ya zo da su domin ja da baya, kuma suna fuskantar abokan gaba da ke shirye su yi sojan doki da yawa.Yayin da yakin da aka gwabza ya yi gajere, sojojin Faransa a karkashin Marshal Marmont, da kuma mafi yawan sojojin dawakai, karkashin Janar Emmanuel de Grouchy, sun kaddamar da wani ci gaba mai tsanani wanda ya hau kan abokan gaba.Komawa cikin filaye masu tafiyar hawainiya a cikin hasken rana da kuma wasu kyawawan filayen dawakai, sojojin na haɗin gwiwar sun yi asara mai yawa, tare da farfasa filaye da dama da sojojin Faransa suka yi.Da daddare, yaƙi ya daina kuma Blücher ya zaɓi tafiya dare mai gajiyarwa domin ya kai sauran sojojinsa wurin tsira.

Yaƙin Montereau (18 ga Fabrairu 1814) an yi yaƙin ne a lokacin yaƙin haɗin gwiwa na shida tsakanin sojojin Faransa na Imperial karkashin jagorancin Sarkin sarakuna Napoleon da gawarwakin Austrians da Württembergers wanda Yarima mai jiran gado Frederick William na Württemberg ya umarta.Yayin da sojojin Napoleon suka kori sojojin kawance karkashin Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher, babban sojojin kawance karkashin Karl Philipp, Yariman Schwarzenberg, ya ci gaba da zuwa wani matsayi mai hatsarin gaske kusa da Paris.Da yake tattara sojojinsa da suka fi yawa, Napoleon ya garzaya sojojinsa zuwa kudu don magance Schwarzenberg.Da jin yadda Sarkin Faransa ke gabatowa, kwamandan ƙawancen ya ba da umarnin janyewa, amma a ranar 17 ga Fabrairu ya ga masu gadinsa na baya sun rutsa da su.An ba da umarnin a riƙe Montereau har zuwa dare a ranar 18 ga watan, Yarima mai jiran gado na Württemberg ya sanya wani ƙarfi mai ƙarfi a arewacin bankin Seine.A duk safiya da tsakar rana, dakarun kawance sun dakile jerin hare-haren na Faransa.Duk da haka, a ƙarƙashin ƙarar matsin lamba na Faransa, layin Yarima Mai Jiran Gado ya ɗaure da yamma kuma sojojinsa sun gudu zuwa ga gada guda zuwa bayansu.Pierre Claude Pajol ya jagoranci jagorancin sojan doki na Faransa a cikin 'yan gudun hijirar, sun kama iyakar Seine da Yonne Rivers kuma suka kama Montereau.Sojojin da ke kawance sun sha asara mai yawa kuma cin kashin da suka yi ya tabbatar da shawarar Schwarzenberg na ci gaba da ja da baya ga Troyes.

Bayan ya koma daga Jamus, Napoleon ya yi yaƙi da dama, ciki har da Yaƙin Arcis-sur-Aube, a Faransa, amma an tilasta masa komawa baya a kan rashin jituwa.A lokacin kamfen ya ba da doka don sabbin masu shiga aikin 900,000, amma kaɗan ne kawai aka taɓa tarawa.Yakin Arcis-sur-Aube ya ga sojojin Faransa na Imperial karkashin Napoleon sun fuskanci manyan sojojin kawance karkashin jagorancin Karl Philipp, Yariman Schwarzenberg a lokacin yakin kawance na shida.A rana ta biyu na fada, Sarkin sarakuna Napoleon ya gane cewa ya fi shi yawa, kuma nan da nan ya ba da umarnin a koma da rufe fuska.A lokacin da filin Marshal Schwarzenberg na Austriya ya fahimci cewa Napoleon ya ja da baya, yawancin Faransawa sun riga sun rabu da su kuma ƙungiyar Allied daga baya sun kasa hana sauran sojojin Faransa daga janyewa zuwa arewa.Wannan shi ne babban yaƙin Napoleon kafin ƙauracewasa da gudun hijira zuwa Elba, na ƙarshe shine Yaƙin Saint-Dozier.Yayin da Napoleon ya yi yaƙi da Prussian Field Marshal Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher na Russo-Prussian sojojin zuwa arewa, sojojin Schwarzenberg sun tura sojojin Marshal Jacques MacDonald zuwa Paris.Bayan nasararsa a Reims, Napoleon ya koma kudu don yin barazana ga layin Schwarzenberg zuwa Jamus.A cikin martani, babban jami'in dan kasar Ostiriya ya janye sojojinsa zuwa Troyes da Arcis-sur-Aube.Lokacin da Napoleon ya mamaye Arcis, Schwarzenberg mai hankali ya yanke shawarar yaƙar ta maimakon ja da baya.Rikicin da aka yi a ranar farko ba shi da tushe kuma Napoleon ya yi kuskure ya yi imanin cewa yana bin wani abokin gaba mai ja da baya.A rana ta biyu, Faransawa sun ci gaba zuwa babban tudu kuma sun yi mamakin ganin tsakanin abokan gaba 74,000 zuwa 100,000 a cikin jerin gwanon yaki a kudancin Arcis.Bayan yaƙe-yaƙe da Napoleon da kansa ya shiga, sojojin Faransa sun yi yaƙi da hanyarsu, amma koma baya ne na Faransa.

Don haka bayan makonni shida da aka gwabza da dakarun hadin gwiwa da kyar suka samu wani matsayi.Har ila yau Janar-janar na hadin gwiwar sun yi fatan kawo Napoleon don yakar sojojin da suka hade.Duk da haka, bayan Arcis-sur-Aube, Napoleon ya gane cewa ba zai iya ci gaba da dabarunsa na yanzu na fatattakar sojojin hadin gwiwa dalla-dalla ba kuma ya yanke shawarar canza dabarunsa.Yana da zaɓi biyu: zai iya komawa kan Paris kuma yana fatan cewa membobin haɗin gwiwar za su daidaita, kamar yadda kama Paris tare da sojojin Faransa a ƙarƙashin umurninsa zai kasance da wuya kuma mai cin lokaci;ko kuma ya iya kwafin Rashawa ya bar Paris ga abokan gabansa (kamar yadda suka bar masa Moscow shekaru biyu da suka shige).Ya yanke shawarar matsawa gabas zuwa Saint-Dozier, ya tattara garrison da zai iya samu, kuma ya tayar da dukan ƙasar a kan mahara.A zahiri ya fara aiwatar da wannan shirin ne lokacin da wata wasika zuwa ga Empress Marie-Louise da ke bayyana aniyarsa ta ci gaba a kan hanyar sadarwar hadin gwiwa ta shiga hannun Cossacks a cikin sojojin Blücher a ranar 22 ga Maris kuma don haka ayyukansa suka fallasa ga abokan gabansa.Kwamandojin hadin gwiwa sun gudanar da taron yaki a Pougy a ranar 23 ga Maris kuma da farko sun yanke shawarar bin Napoleon, amma washegari Tsar Alexander I na Rasha da Sarki Frederick na Prussia tare da masu ba su shawara suka sake tunani, kuma sun fahimci raunin abokin hamayyarsu (da kuma watakila saboda tsoron cewa Duke na Wellington daga Toulouse zai iya, bayan haka, ya isa Paris da farko), ya yanke shawarar tafiya zuwa Paris (sa'an nan kuma birni mai budewa), kuma ya bar Napoleon ya yi mafi muni ga hanyoyin sadarwar su.Dakarun hadin gwiwar sun yi tattaki kai tsaye zuwa babban birnin kasar.Marmont da Mortier tare da sojojin da za su iya haduwa sun dauki matsayi a kan tudun Montmartre don adawa da su.Yaƙin na Paris ya ƙare lokacin da kwamandojin Faransa, ganin ƙarin juriya na rashin bege, sun mika wuya ga birnin a ranar 31 ga Maris, a daidai lokacin da Napoleon, tare da tarkacen Jami’an tsaro da wasu ƴan sa-kai kawai, ke ta ƙetare a bayan Australiya. zuwa Fontainebleau don haɗa su.

Yakin Toulouse (10 ga Afrilu 1814) na daya daga cikin yakin karshe na Yakin Napoleon, kwanaki hudu bayan mika wuya Napoleon na Daular Faransa ga al'ummomin hadin gwiwa na shida.Bayan sun kori sojojin Faransa da suka ruguje daga kasar Spain a cikin wani mawuyacin hali a cikin kaka na baya, sojojin Birtaniya-Portuguese da Spain da ke karkashin Duke na Wellington sun bi yakin kudancin Faransa a cikin bazara na 1814.Toulouse, babban birnin yankin, Marshal Soult ya kare shi sosai.Bangarorin Burtaniya guda biyu da na Sipaniya guda biyu sun yi mummunar barna a wani kazamin fada da aka yi a ranar 10 ga Afrilu, tare da asarar kawancen da suka zarce Faransawa da suka mutu da 1,400.Soult ya rike birnin na wani karin kwana guda kafin ya shirya tserewa daga garin tare da sojojinsa, inda ya bar wasu 1,600 daga cikin wadanda suka jikkata, ciki har da janar-janar guda uku.Shigowar Wellington a safiyar ranar 12 ga Afrilu ya sami yabo daga ɗimbin ƴan sarautar Faransa, wanda ke tabbatar da tsoron Soult na farko na yuwuwar abubuwan shafi na biyar a cikin birnin.A wannan yammacin, maganar murabus din Napoleon da kuma karshen yakin ya isa Wellington.Soult ya amince da yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya a ranar 17 ga Afrilu.

Napoleon ya yi murabus a ranar 11 ga Afrilu 1814 kuma yakin ya ƙare a hukumance ba da daɗewa ba, kodayake wasu fadan ya ci gaba har zuwa Mayu.An sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar Fontainebleau a ranar 11 ga Afrilu 1814 tsakanin manyan kasashen nahiyar da Napoleon, sannan yarjejeniyar Paris a ranar 30 ga Mayu 1814 tsakanin Faransa da manyan kasashe ciki har da Burtaniya.Masu nasara sun kori Napoleon zuwa tsibirin Elba, kuma sun maido da mulkin Bourbon a cikin mutum na Louis XVIII.Shugabannin Allied sun halarci bukukuwan zaman lafiya a Ingila a watan Yuni, kafin su ci gaba zuwa Majalisar Vienna (tsakanin Satumba 1814 da Yuni 1815), wanda aka gudanar don sake zana taswirar Turai.