Yakin hadin gwiwa na hudu

Haɗin kai na Hudu (1806-1807) na Burtaniya, Prussia, Rasha, Saxony, da Sweden sun yi yaƙi da Faransa a cikin watanni na rugujewar kawancen da ya gabata.Bayan nasarar da ya samu a yakin Austerlitz da kuma mutuwar hadin gwiwa ta uku , Napoleon ya yi fatan samun zaman lafiya a Turai, musamman tare da manyan abokan adawarsa guda biyu, Birtaniya da Rasha.Wani batu da aka yi ta cece-kuce shi ne makomar Hanover, 'yar jam'iyyar zaɓe ta Jamus a cikin haɗin kai tare da mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya wanda Faransa ta mamaye tun 1803. Rikici kan wannan jiha zai zama babban rikici ga Birtaniya da Prussia a kan Faransa.Wannan batu ya kuma janyo Sweden cikin yakin, wadda aka girke dakarunta a can a wani bangare na yunkurin 'yantar da birnin Hanover a lokacin yakin kawancen da ya gabata.Hanyar yaki kamar ba makawa ne bayan da sojojin Faransa suka kori sojojin Sweden a watan Afrilun 1806. Wani dalili kuma shi ne kafuwar Napoleon a watan Yulin 1806 na kungiyar Rhine daga jihohin Jamus daban-daban wadanda suka hada da Rhineland da sauran sassan yammacin Jamus.Ƙirƙirar Ƙungiya ita ce ƙusa na ƙarshe a cikin akwatin gawar daular Roman mai tsarki da ta mutu sannan kuma sarkin Habsburg na ƙarshe, Francis II, ya canza sunansa zuwa kawai Francis I, Sarkin Ostiriya.

An gwabza yakin Schleiz tsakanin ƙungiyar Prussian-Saxon karkashin Bogislav Friedrich Emanuel von Tauentzien da wani ɓangare na Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte's I Corps a ƙarƙashin umarnin Jean-Baptiste Drouet, Comte d'Erlon.Wannan dai shi ne karo na farko na yakin kawance na hudu.Yayin da Sarkin sarakuna Napoleon I na Grande Armée na Faransa ya ci gaba zuwa arewa ta hanyar Frankenwald (Dajin Franconiya) ya bugi reshen hagu na sojojin na Masarautar Prussia da Zaɓen Saxony, waɗanda aka tura a gaba mai tsayi.Schleiz na da tazarar kilomita 30 daga arewacin Hof da kilomita 145 a kudu maso yammacin Dresden a mahadar hanyoyin 2 da 94. A farkon yakin, bangarorin da ke karkashin Drouet sun yi arangama da maboyar Tauentzien.Lokacin da Tauentzien ya fahimci ƙarfin sojojin Faransa masu ci gaba, ya fara janyewar ƙungiyarsa ta dabara.Joachim Murat ya zama kwamandan sojojin kuma ya fara zawarcinsa.An katse rundunar Prussian mai girman bataliyar zuwa yamma kuma ta yi asara mai yawa.Prussians da Saxon sun koma arewa, sun isa Auma a wannan maraice.

Sojojin Faransa 12,800 da Marshal Jean Lannes ya jagoranta sun fatattaki sojojin Prussian-Saxon na maza 8,300 karkashin Yarima Louis Ferdinand.Yaƙin shine karo na biyu a cikin Yaƙin Prussian na Yaƙin Haɗin Kan Hudu.

An gwabza yakin tagwayen Jena da Auerstedt a ranar 14 ga Oktoban 1806 a yankin tudu da ke yammacin kogin Saale, tsakanin sojojin Napoleon na farko na Faransa da Frederick William III na Prussia.Mummunan shan kashi da Sojojin Prussian suka sha sun mamaye Masarautar Prussia ga Daular Faransa har zuwa lokacin da aka kafa Haɗin kai na shida a 1813.

Toshewar Nahiyar Nahiyar ko Tsarin Nahiyar, shine manufofin ƙasashen waje na Napoleon Bonaparte akan Ƙasar Ingila a lokacin Yaƙin Napoleon.A matsayin mayar da martani ga katange tekun Faransa da gwamnatin Burtaniya ta kafa a ranar 16 ga Mayun 1806, Napoleon ya ba da sanarwar Berlin a ranar 21 ga Nuwamba 1806, wanda ya haifar da wani babban takunkumi kan kasuwancin Burtaniya.An yi amfani da takunkumin na wucin gadi, wanda ya ƙare a ranar 11 ga Afrilu 1814 bayan da Napoleon ya yi murabus.Toshewar ta haifar da ƙarancin lalacewar tattalin arziƙin Burtaniya, kodayake abubuwan da Birtaniyya ke fitarwa zuwa nahiyar (a matsayin kaso na cinikin Burtaniya) ya ragu daga 55% zuwa 25% tsakanin 1802 da 1806.

Kafin 1806, Saxony wani yanki ne na Daular Roman Mai Tsarki, mahalli mai shekaru dubu wanda ya sami karbuwa sosai a cikin ƙarni.Sarakunan Zabe na Saxony na House of Wettin sun rike kambun zabe na shekaru aru-aru.Lokacin da aka rushe daular Roma mai tsarki a cikin watan Agustan 1806 bayan shan kashin da Napoleon ya yi wa Sarkin sarakuna Francis na II a yakin Austerlitz, an daukaka masu zabe zuwa matsayin wata masarauta mai cin gashin kanta tare da goyon bayan Daular Faransa ta farko, sannan kuma mai iko a cikin Tsakiyar Turai.Zaɓe na ƙarshe na Saxony ya zama Sarki Frederick Augustus I.

Yaƙin Czarnowo a daren 23-24 ga Disamba 1806 ya ga sojojin Daular Faransa ta Farko a ƙarƙashin idon Sarkin sarakuna Napoleon na I sun kaddamar da harin maraice na tsallaka kogin Wkra a kan Laftanar Janar Alexander Ivanovich Ostermann-Tolstoy da ke kare sojojin daular Rasha .Maharan, wani bangare na Marshal Louis-Nicolas Davout's III Corps, sun yi nasarar ketare Wkra a bakinsa suka matsa gabas zuwa kauyen Czarnowo.Bayan da aka kwashe tsawon dare ana gwabzawa, kwamandan na Rasha ya janye sojojinsa zuwa gabas.

An gwabza yakin Golymin ne tsakanin sojojin Rasha kusan dubu 17 da bindigogi 28 karkashin Yarima Golitsyn da kuma sojojin Faransa 38,000 karkashin Marshal Murat.Sojojin Rasha sun yi nasarar ficewa daga manyan sojojin Faransa.An yi yakin ne a rana guda da yakin Pułtusk.Nasarar jinkirin matakin da Janar Golitsyn ya yi, tare da gazawar rundunar Soult ta zagaya gefen dama na Rasha ya lalata damar Napoleon na samun bayan layin Rasha na ja da baya tare da kama su a kan kogin Narew.

Bayan ya kayar da sojojin Prussian a cikin kaka na 1806, Sarkin sarakuna Napoleon ya shiga Poland ta rabu don fuskantar sojojin Rasha, wadanda suka yi shirin tallafa wa Prussian har sai da suka sha kashi.Ketare kogin Vistula, ƙungiyar gaba ta Faransa ta ɗauki Warsaw a ranar 28 ga Nuwamba 1806.Yaƙin Pułtusk ya faru ne a ranar 26 ga Disamba 1806 a lokacin Yaƙin Haɗin kai na Hudu kusa da Pułtusk, Poland.Duk da karfin da suke da shi na karfin lamba da manyan bindigogi, Rashan sun sha fama da hare-haren Faransa, kafin su yi ritaya washegari sun sha asara mai yawa fiye da na Faransa, tare da wargaza sojojinsu na tsawon shekara.

A yakin Mohrungen, yawancin gawawwakin Daular Faransa ta Farko karkashin jagorancin Marshal Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte sun yi yaki da wani kakkarfan daular Rasha ta gaba karkashin jagorancin Manjo Janar Yevgeni Ivanovich Markov.Faransa ta kori babban sojojin Rasha, amma farmakin da sojojin dawakai suka kai kan jirgin kasan Faransa ya sa Bernadotte ya daina kai hare-hare.Bayan ya kori sojan doki, Bernadotte ya janye kuma sojojin Janar Levin August, Count von Bennigsen, sun mamaye garin.Bayan rusa sojojin Masarautar Prussia a cikin guguwa a watan Oktoba da Nuwamba 1806, Grande Armée na Napoleon ya kwace Warsaw.Bayan yaƙe-yaƙe biyu da sojojin Rasha suka yi, Sarkin Faransa ya yanke shawarar sanya sojojinsa cikin wuraren sanyi.Duk da haka, a cikin yanayi mai sanyi, kwamandan Rasha ya koma arewa zuwa Gabashin Prussia sannan ya buge yamma a gefen hagu na Napoleon.Yayin da ɗaya daga cikin ginshiƙan Bennigsen ya ci gaba zuwa yamma ya ci karo da sojoji ƙarƙashin Bernadotte.Ci gaban Rasha ya kusan ƙarewa yayin da Napoleon ya tattara ƙarfi don bugun gaba mai ƙarfi.

Yaƙin Hof (6 Fabrairu 1807) wani mataki ne na gadi da aka yi tsakanin dakarun Rasha a ƙarƙashin Barclay de Tolly da Faransanci na ci gaba a lokacin da Rasha ta koma baya kafin yakin Eylau.Bangarorin biyu sun yi babbar asara a Hof.Rashawa sun rasa fiye da maza 2,000, ma'auni biyu da akalla bindigogi biyar (Soult ya yi iƙirarin cewa sun rasa maza 8,000).Soult ya yarda cewa an kashe mutane 2,000 a cikin mutanensa kuma sojojin dawakan Murat su ma sun sha asara a yakin dawakai.

Yakin Eylau yaki ne mai zubar da jini da dabarar da ba a cimma ba tsakanin Grande Armée na Napoleon da Sojojin Rasha na Imperial karkashin jagorancin Levin August von Bennigsen.A ƙarshen yakin, 'yan Rasha sun sami ƙarfafawar lokaci daga ƙungiyar Prussian na von L'Estocq.

An san yakin nasa a matsayin wanda ba shi da dabara saboda babu wani bangare da ya samu wani gagarumin matsayi, an tattauna shi ne a matsayin yakin da bai haifar da wani sauyi kadan ba wajen daidaita karfin tsakanin Rasha da Faransa.Ta mafi yawan asusu, wannan shine nasarar aikin kiyaye baya na Russo-Prussian.Napoleon bai taba gane cewa ya fuskanci dukan sojojin a Heilsberg ba.Murat da Soult sun kai hari da wuri kuma a mafi ƙarfi a cikin layin Russo-Prussian.Rashawa sun gina katanga masu yawa a gefen dama na kogin Alle, amma kaɗan kaɗan ne kawai a gefen hagu, duk da haka Faransawa sun ci gaba a kan kogin don ba da yaƙi, suna ɓata amfanin su kuma suna jawo asarar rayuka.

Yakin Friedland ya kasance babban hatsaniya na yakin Napoleon tsakanin sojojin daular Faransa karkashin jagorancin Napoleon na daya da kuma sojojin daular Rasha karkashin jagorancin Count von Bennigsen.Napoleon da Faransanci sun sami nasara mai mahimmanci wanda ya kori yawancin sojojin Rasha, wadanda suka koma cikin rikici a kan kogin Alle a karshen yakin.

Yaƙin Gunboat ya kasance rikici na ruwa tsakanin Denmark-Norway da Burtaniya a lokacin Yaƙin Napoleon.Sunan yakin ya samo asali ne daga dabarar Danish na yin amfani da kananan kwale-kwale a yaki da manyan sojojin ruwa na Royal.A Scandinavia ana ganin shi a matsayin mataki na baya na Yaƙin Ingilishi, wanda farkonsa ya kasance a matsayin Yaƙin Farko na Copenhagen a 1801.

Yarjejeniyar Tilsit ta kasance yarjejeniyoyin biyu da Napoleon na Faransa ya rattabawa hannu a garin Tilsit a watan Yulin 1807 bayan nasarar da ya samu a Friedland.An sanya hannu na farko a ranar 7 ga Yuli, tsakanin Sarkin sarakuna Alexander I na Rasha da Napoleon na Faransa, lokacin da suka hadu a kan wani jirgin ruwa a tsakiyar kogin Neman.An sanya hannu na biyu tare da Prussia a ranar 9 ga Yuli.An yi yarjejeniyar ne da kudin Sarkin Prussian, wanda ya riga ya amince da yin sulhu a ranar 25 ga Yuni bayan Grande Armée ya kama Berlin kuma ya bi shi zuwa iyakar gabas na mulkinsa.A Tilsit, ya ba da kusan rabin yankunan da ya ke kafin yakin.Mahimmin Bincike:Napoleon ya tabbatar da ikonsa na tsakiyar TuraiNapoleon ya ƙirƙiri jumhuriyar 'yar'uwar Faransa, waɗanda aka tsara su kuma an san su a Tilsit: Masarautar Westphalia, Duchy na Warsaw a matsayin ƙasar tauraron dan adam ta Faransa da Birnin Danzig na Kyauta.Tilsit ya kuma 'yantar da sojojin Faransa don Yakin Peninsular.Rasha ta zama ƙawa ga FaransaPrussia tana kwance kusan kashi 50% na yankintaNapoleon zai iya tilasta tsarin tsarin a Turai (ban da Portugal )