Daular Ayyubid

Mahaifin daular Ayyubid, Najm ad-Din Ayyub ibn Shadhi, dan kabilar Rawadiya Kurdawa ne, kuma reshe ne na babbar kabilar Hadhabani.Kakannin Ayyub sun zauna a garin Dvin, a arewacin Armeniya .A lokacin da hafsoshin sojojin Turkiyya suka kwace garin daga hannun yariman Kurdawa, Shadhi ya tafi tare da 'ya'yansa biyu Ayyub da Asad ad-Din Shirkuh.Imad ad-Din Zangi, sarkin Mosul, ya sha kaye a hannun Abbasiyawa a karkashin halifa al-Mustarshid da Bihruz.Ayyub ya ba wa Zangi da abokansa jiragen ruwa don tsallaka kogin Tigris su isa Mosul lafiya.A sakamakon haka, Zangi ya dauki ’yan’uwan biyu aiki a hidimarsa.An nada Ayyub kwamandan Ba'albek kuma Shirkuh ya shiga hidimar ɗan Zangi, Nur ad-Din.A cewar masanin tarihi Abdul Ali, a karkashin kulawa da kulawar Zangi ne dangin Ayyubid suka yi fice.

Nur al-Din dai ya dade yana neman shiga tsakani akasar Masar musamman bayan da ya rasa damarsa a lokacin da Tala ibn Ruzzik ya samu nasarar mamaye kasar, tare da dakile burinsa na kusan shekaru goma.Don haka, Nur al-Din ya sanya ido sosai kan abubuwan da suka faru a shekara ta 1163 tare da amintaccen Janar dinsa Shirkuh yana jiran wata dama ta dace da zai mayar da kasar karkashin ikonsa.A cikin 1164, Nur al-Din ya aika da Shirkuh don ya jagoranci rundunar soji don hana 'Yan Salibiyya daga kafa kaffara mai ƙarfi a cikin ƙasar Masar da ke ƙara samun tashin hankali.Shirkuh ya sanya dan Ayyub, Saladin, a matsayin hafsa a karkashinsa.Sun yi nasarar korar Dirgham, wazirin Masar, suka maido da magabacinsa Shawar.Bayan an dawo da shi, Shawar ya umurci Shirkuh da ya janye sojojinsa daga Masar, amma Shirkuh ya ki amincewa, yana mai cewa Nurul Din ya so ya ci gaba da zama.A cikin shekaru da dama, Shirkuh da Saladin sun fatattaki rundunar 'yan Salibiyya da sojojin Shawar, na farko a Bilbais, sannan a wani wuri kusa da Giza, da kuma a Alexandria, inda Saladin zai zauna don kare shi yayin da Shirkuh ya bi sojojin Crusader a Misira ta Masar. .

Lokacin da Shirkuh, wanda yanzu shine wazirin Masar, ya rasu, Fatimid khalifa al-Adid dan Shi'a ya nada Saladin a matsayin sabon waziri.Ya yi fatan za a samu saukin tasirin Salahuddin saboda rashin kwarewa.Saladin dai ya karfafa ikonsa ne akasar Masar bayan da ya umarci Turan-Shah da ya kawo karshen bore a birnin Alkahira da sojojin Fatimid na sojojin Nubian su 50,000 suka yi.Bayan wannan nasarar, Salahaddin ya fara baiwa iyalansa mukamai masu girma a kasar tare da kara karfin musulmin Sunni a birnin Alkahira dake karkashin 'yan Shi'a.

Lokacin da halifa al-Adid ya mutu, Saladin ya yi amfani da damar da za a iya amfani da shi don samun iko mafi girma.Ya yi shelar komawar Musulunci Ahlus-SunnahMasar , sannan aka fara daular Ayyubid, wacce aka sanya wa sunan mahaifin Saladin Ayyub.Salahaddin ya kasance mai biyayya ga sultan Zengid Nur al-Din da sunan kawai.

A ƙarshen 1172, tsoffin sojojin Fatimid na Nubia sun kewaye Aswan da kuma gwamnan birnin, Kanz al-Dawla - tsohon mai biyayya Fatimid - ya nemi ƙarfafawa daga Saladin wanda ya bi.Sojojin sun samu wannan karin karfin ne bayan da 'yan Nubian suka fice daga Aswan, amma dakarun Ayyubid karkashin jagorancin Turan-Shah sun ci gaba da mamaye arewacin Nubia bayan sun kwace garin Ibrim.Daga Ibrim, sun kai farmaki a yankin da ke kewaye, inda suka dakatar da ayyukansu bayan an gabatar da su da wata shawara daga sarkin Nubian na Dongola.Duk da cewa Turan-Shah ya mayar da martanin da ya fara yi, amma daga baya ya aika da manzo zuwa Dongola, wanda bayan ya dawo ya bayyana irin talaucin da birnin da kuma na Nubia gaba daya ya yi wa Turan-Shah.Saboda haka, Ayyubids, kamar magabata na Fatimid, sun yanke shawarar ci gaba da fadada kudu zuwa Nubia saboda talaucin yankin, amma sun bukaci Nubia ta ba da tabbacin kare Aswan da Masarautar Masar.A shekara ta 1174, Sharaf al-Din Qaraqush, kwamanda a karkashin al-Muzaffar Umar, ya ci Tripoli daga Normans tare da sojojin Turkawa da Badawiyya.Bayan haka, yayin da wasu sojojin Ayyubid suka fafata da 'yan Salibiyya a cikin Levant, wani sojojinsu a karkashin Sharaf al-Din, ya kwace iko da Kairouan daga hannun Almohad a shekara ta 1188.

Saladin ya aika Turan-Shah don ya ci Yemen da Hejaz.Aden ya zama babbar tashar ruwa ta daular a cikin tekun Indiya da kuma babban birnin Yemen.Zuwan Ayyubids ya zama farkon lokacin sake samun ci gaba a cikin birni wanda ya sami ingantuwar ababen more rayuwa na kasuwanci, da kafa sabbin cibiyoyi, da fitar da tsabar kudi.Bayan wannan wadata, Ayyubids sun aiwatar da wani sabon haraji wanda aka karbo ta hanyar galleys.Turan-Shah ya kori sauran sarakunan Hamdanid na Sana'a, inda suka mamaye birnin mai tsaunuka a shekara ta 1175. A lokacin da suka mamaye kasar Yaman, Ayyubid suka ƙera wani jirgin ruwa na bakin teku mai suna al-asakir al-bahriyya, wanda suke gadin gaɓar teku a ƙarƙashinsa. sarrafa su da kare su daga hare-haren 'yan fashi.Yakin ya kasance mai matukar muhimmanci ga kasar Yemen domin kuwa Ayyubid sun yi nasarar hade kasashe uku masu cin gashin kai da suka gabata (Zabid, Aden, da Sana'a) karkashin wata hukuma guda.Daga Yaman, kamar dagaMasar , Ayyubids sun yi niyyar mamaye hanyoyin kasuwanci na tekun Bahar Maliya wanda Masar ta dogara da su don haka suka nemi dagewa a kan Hejaz, inda wani muhimmin tashar kasuwanci, Yanbu, ya kasance.Don ba da fifiko ga kasuwanci ta hanyar Bahar Maliya, Ayyubids sun gina wurare tare da hanyoyin kasuwancin Bahar Maliya da Tekun Indiya don raka 'yan kasuwa.Su kuma Ayyubidawa sun yi burin ganin sun goyi bayan da'awarsu ta halascin halifanci ta hanyar samun ikon mallakar garuruwa masu tsarki na Musulunci na Makka da Madina.Yake da ci gaban tattalin arziki da Saladin ya yi ya tabbatar da mulkin Masar a yankin.

Bayan rasuwar Nur al-Din a shekara ta 1174. Bayan haka, Saladin ya tashi ya ci Siriya daga hannun Zengid, kuma a ranar 23 ga watan Nuwamba gwamnan birnin ya tarbe shi a Damascus.A shekara ta 1175, ya kwace iko da Hama da Homs, amma ya kasa kwace Aleppo bayan ya kewaye ta.Nasarorin da Salahuddin ya samu sun firgita Sarkin Mosul, Saif al-Din na Mosul, shugaban Zengid na lokacin, wanda ya dauki Syria a matsayin mallakin iyalansa, kuma ya fusata da cewa wani tsohon bawan Nur al-Din ne ya kwace ta.Ya tara runduna domin tunkarar Salahaddin kusa da Hama.

Yakin Kahon Hama ya kasance nasara ce ta Ayyubid a kan Zengids, wanda ya bar Saladin ya mallaki Damascus, Baalbek, da Homs.Ko da yake sun fi yawa, Salahaddin da sojojinsa na soja sun ci Zengid da gaske.Gökböri dai ya jagoranci bangaren dama na sojojin Zengid, wanda ya karya gefen hagu na Salahaddin, kafin daga bisani jami'in tsaro na Saladin ya fatattake shi.Duk da kusan maza 20,000 da ke da hannu a bangarorin biyu, Salahuddin ya sami nasara kusan ba tare da jinni ba sakamakon tasirin da ya samu na zuwan taimakonsa na Masar.Halifan Abbasiyawa, al-Mustadi, cikin alheri ya yi maraba da hawan Salahaddin mulki, ya ba shi lakabin "SultanMasar da Siriya".A ranar 6 ga Mayun 1175, masu adawa da Salahaddin sun amince da yarjejeniyar amincewa da mulkinsa a kan Syria baya ga Aleppo.Saladin ya bukaci halifan Abbasiyya ya amince da hakkinsa ga daukacin daular Nur ad-Din, amma an gane shi kawai a matsayin ubangiji kan abin da ya riga ya rike kuma an karfafa shi ya kai hari ga 'yan Salibiyya a Kudus .

A yanzu Salahaddin ya amince da sasantawa da abokan hamayyarsa na Zengid da kuma Masarautar Kudus (wanda ya faru ne a lokacin rani na 1175), amma ya fuskanci barazana daga kungiyar Isma'ili da aka fi sani da Assassins, karkashin jagorancin Rashid ad-Din Sinan.Bisa ga tsaunin an-Nusayriyah, sun ba da umarni ga ganuwa guda tara, duk an gina su a kan tudu masu tsayi.Da ya aika da yawan sojojinsa zuwaMasar , Salahaddin ya jagoranci sojojinsa zuwa cikin yankin An-Nusayriya a watan Agustan 1176. Ya ja da baya a wannan watan, bayan da ya yi barna a cikin karkara, amma ya kasa cin galaba a kan kowane kagara.Yawancin malaman tarihi na musulmi sun yi iƙirarin cewa kawun Salahaddin, gwamnan Hama, ya shiga tsakani a yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya tsakaninsa da Sinan.Salahuddin ya sa aka kawo wa masu gadinsa fitillun haɗin kai kuma ya sa alli da alli a kewayen tantinsa da ke wajen Masyaf—wanda ya ke kewaye da shi—don gano kowane takun da Maharan suka yi.Bisa ga wannan sigar, wata dare masu gadin Salahaddin suka hangi wani tartsatsin wuta da ke haskakawa a cikin tsaunin Masyaf sannan ya bace a cikin tantinun Ayyubid.A halin yanzu, Saladin ya tashi ya ga wani mutum yana barin tantin.Ya ga fitulun sun yi gudun hijira kuma a gefen gadonsa an ajiye wasu zafafan kalamai masu kama da masu kisa tare da rubutu a saman da aka makala da wuka mai guba.Takardar ta yi barazanar cewa za a kashe shi idan bai janye daga harin da ya kai ba.Saladin ya yi kuka mai karfi, yana mai cewa Sinan da kansa shi ne siffar da ya bar tantin.Ganin korar 'yan Salibiyya a matsayin fifiko da fifikon juna, Salahuddin da Sinan sun ci gaba da gudanar da huldar hadin gwiwa bayan haka, inda suka aike da tawagogin dakarunsa don karfafa sojojin Salahuddin a wasu fagagen yaki da suka biyo baya.

Philip I, Count of Flanders ya haɗu da Raymond na balaguron Tripoli don kai hari ga sansanin Saracen da ke Hama a arewacin Siriya.Babban sojojin 'yan Salibiyya, Ma'aikacin Asibitin Knights da mawakan Templar da yawa sun bi shi.Hakan ya sa Masarautar Urushalima ta kasance da sojoji kaɗan don kare yankunanta daban-daban.A halin da ake ciki, Salahaddin yana shirin mamaye masarautar Kudus dagaMasar .Sa’ad da aka sanar da shi balaguron arewa, bai ɓata lokaci ba ya shirya wani hari ya mamaye masarautar tare da sojoji kusan 30,000.Sanin tsare-tsaren Saladin, Baldwin IV ya bar Urushalima tare da, a cewar William na Tyre, kawai 375 knights don ƙoƙarin tsaro a Ascalon.Saladin ya ci gaba da tattaki zuwa birnin Kudus, yana tunanin Baldwin ba zai kuskura ya bi shi da 'yan kadan ba.Ya kai hari ga Ramla, Lydda da Arsuf, amma da yake Baldwin ba wani hadari ba ne, sai ya bari a baje sojojinsa a wani babban wuri, ana washe gonaki da kiwo.Duk da haka, Saladin bai sani ba, sojojin da ya bari don murkushe Sarki bai isa ba, kuma a yanzu Baldwin da Templars sun yi tattaki don su tare shi kafin ya isa Urushalima.Kiristocin da Sarki ya jagoranta, suka bi musulmi a gabar teku, inda daga karshe suka kama makiyansu a Mons Gisardi, kusa da Ramla.Baldwin IV na Kudus, ɗan shekara 16, wanda kuturta ke fama da shi, ya jagoranci dakarun Kirista da ba su da yawa a yaƙi da sojojin Saladin a abin da ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan ayyukan yaƙin Crusades.Nan da nan aka fatattaki sojojin musulmi, aka bi su har tsawon mil goma sha biyu.Salahuddin ya gudu ya koma Alkahira, ya isa birnin a ranar 8 ga Disamba, tare da kashi goma na sojojinsa.

A cikin 1179, Saladin ya sake mamaye jihohin Crusader , daga wajen Damascus.Ya kafa rundunarsa a Baniyas, ya aika da sojoji su washe garuruwa da amfanin gona kusa da Sidon da bakin gaɓa.Manoma da mutanen gari da maharan Saracen suka talauta ba za su iya biyan hayar hayar ga masu mulkinsu na Faransa ba.Sai dai in ba a tsaya ba, manufar halakar da Salahuddin ya yi za ta raunana mulkin ‘yan Salibiyya.Da yake mayar da martani, Baldwin ya tura sojojinsa zuwa Tiberias da ke Tekun Galili.Daga nan ya zarce arewa-maso-yamma zuwa kagara na Safed.Tare da Knights Templar karkashin jagorancin Odo na St Amand da kuma wani karfi daga gundumar Tripoli karkashin jagorancin Count Raymond III, Baldwin ya koma arewa maso gabas.Yakin dai ya kare da gagarumin nasara ga musulmi, kuma ana daukarsa a matsayin na farko a cikin jerin nasarorin da addinin musulunci ya yi a karkashin Saladin a kan kiristoci.Sarkin Kirista, Baldwin IV, wanda kuturta ya gurgunta, ya tsira da kyar aka kama shi.

Tsakanin Oktoba 1178 da Afrilu 1179, Baldwin ya fara matakan farko na gina sabon layin tsaronsa, wani kagara mai suna Chastellet a Yakubu's Ford.Yayin da ake ci gaba da gine-gine, Saladin ya fahimci aikin da zai yi nasara a Ford Yakubu idan zai kare Siriya kuma ya ci Urushalima.A lokacin bai iya dakatar da kafa Chastellet da karfin soji ba saboda wani kaso mai yawa na dakarunsa sun jibge a arewacin Siriya, inda suka yi wa musulmi tawaye.A lokacin rani na 1179, sojojin Baldwin sun gina bangon dutse mai girman gaske.Salahuddin ya tara dakaru musulmi masu yawa domin su yi tafiya kudu maso gabas zuwa Ford na Yakubu.A ranar 23 ga Agusta 1179, Saladin ya isa Ford Yakubu kuma ya umarci dakarunsa su harba kibau a gidan, don haka ya fara kewaye.Saladin da dakarunsa sun shiga Chastellet.A ranar 30 ga watan Agustan shekarar 1179, mahara musulmi sun wawashe katangar da ke Ford Yakubu kuma suka kashe mafi yawan mazaunanta.A wannan rana, ƙasa da mako guda bayan an kira ƙarfafawa, Baldwin da sojojinsa masu goyon bayansa sun tashi daga Tiberias, kawai sai suka gano hayaki yana ratsa sararin samaniya a saman Chastellet.Babu shakka, sun yi latti don ceton maƙiyi 700, masu gine-gine, da ma’aikatan gine-gine da aka kashe da sauran 800 da aka kama.

A cikin 1180, Saladin ya shirya sulhu tsakaninsa da shugabannin Kirista biyu, Sarki Baldwin da Raymond III na Tripoli don hana zubar da jini.Amma bayan shekaru biyu, ubangijin Transjordan fief na Kerak, Reynald na Châtillon, ya kai wa ayarin musulmin da ke wucewa ta cikin yankunansa cikin rashin tausayi a kan hanyarsu ta zuwa aikin hajji, tare da karya yarjejeniyoyin da za a kai ga mahajjata.Da yake jin haushin wannan karyar da aka yi na sulhu, nan take Salahaddin ya tattara sojojinsa ya shirya kai farmaki, ya lalata makiya.A ranar 11 ga Mayu 1182 Salahaddin ya barMasar ya jagoranci sojojinsa zuwa arewa zuwa Damascus ta hanyar Aila a kan Bahar Maliya.A kusa da gidan Belvoir, sojojin Ayyubid sun fuskanci 'yan Salibiyya.Sojojin Salahaddin sun yi kokarin kawo cikas ga kafa ‘yan Salibiyya ta hanyar zubar da kibau daga maharban dawakansu, ta hanyar kai hare-hare da kuma ja da baya.A wannan lokacin, ba za a iya jarabtar Franks don yin yaƙin yaƙi ko tsayawa ba.Ya kasa yin tasiri a kan mai masaukin baki na Latin, Salahaddin ya rabu da gudu ya koma Damascus.

A watan Mayun 1182, Salahaddin ya kame Aleppo bayan wani dan lokaci kadan;Sabon gwamnan birnin Imad al-Din Zangi na biyu, bai ji dadin al'ummarsa ba, kuma ya mika wuya Aleppo bayan Salahaddin ya amince ya maido da ikon Zangi II a baya kan Sinjar, Raqqa, da Nusaybin, wanda daga baya zai zama yankunan da 'yan Ayyubids suka mamaye a baya. .A ranar 12 ga watan Yuni ne Aleppo ya shiga hannun Ayyubid.Washegari Salahaddin ya yi tattaki zuwa Harim, kusa da Antakiya da 'yan Salibiyya ke rike da shi ya kwace birnin.Mika kai da Aleppo da Saladin suka yi da Zangi na biyu ya sa Izzul-Din al-Mas'ud na Mosul ya zama babban abokin adawar Ayyubid.A cikin kaka na shekara ta 1182 ne aka yi wa Mosul hari na dan gajeren lokaci, amma bayan sulhun da halifan Abbasiyawa an-Nasir, Salahaddin ya janye dakarunsa.

A watan Satumba na 1183, Baldwin, gurgu ta kuturu, ba zai iya yin aiki a matsayin sarki ba.Guy na Lusignan, wanda ya auri 'yar'uwar Baldwin Sibylla ta Urushalima a 1180, an nada shi mai mulki.A ranar 24 ga Agusta, 1183, Saladin ya koma Damascus, bayan da ya ci Aleppo da garuruwa da dama a Mesopotamiya don daularsa.Da suka haye kogin Jordan, rundunar Ayyubid sun wawashe garin Baisan da aka yi watsi da su.A ci gaba da yamma, zuwa kwarin Jezreel, Saladin ya kafa rundunarsa a kusa da wasu maɓuɓɓugan ruwa kimanin kilomita 8 kudu maso gabas da al-Fule.A lokaci guda kuma, shugaban musulmi ya aika da ginshiƙai masu yawa don lalata dukiyoyi gwargwadon iko.Maharan sun lalata kauyukan Jenin da Afrabala, sun kai hari a gidan sufi da ke Dutsen Tabor tare da fatattakar wata tawaga daga Kerak da ke kokarin shiga cikin rundunar ‘yan Salibiyya.Da yake tsammanin kai hari, Guy na Lusignan ya tattara rundunar Crusader a La Sephorie.Lokacin da rahotannin sirri suka gano hanyar mamayewa na Salahaddin, Guy ya zagaya da sojojin filin zuwa karamar katangar La Fève (al-Fule).Mahajjata da ma'aikatan jirgin Italiya sun kumbura sojojinsa zuwa girman 1,300-1,500, turcopoles 1,500 da kuma sama da sojojin 15,000.An ce wannan shine mafi girman sojojin Latin da aka tattara "a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar rai."Ya yi arangama da sojojin Ayyubid na Saladin sama da mako guda a watan Satumba da Oktoba 1183. Yakin ya kare a ranar 6 ga Oktoba inda aka tilasta wa Saladin janyewa.Wasu sun soki Guy da kakkausan harshe saboda ya kasa yin wani babban yaƙi a lokacin da yake jagorancin babban runduna.Wasu, galibin baron asali kamar Raymond III na Tripoli, sun goyi bayan dabarunsa na taka tsantsan.Sun yi nuni da cewa an jera sojojin Salahaddin ne a kan muguwar kasa, wanda bai dace da wani babban sojan doki na Faransa ba.Ba da daɗewa ba bayan wannan yaƙin, Guy ya rasa matsayinsa na regent.

Kerak shine kagara na Raynald na Châtillon, Ubangijin Oultrejordain, kilomita 124 kudu da Amman.Raynald ya kai farmaki kan ayarin da ke kasuwanci a kusa da katangar Kerak tsawon shekaru.Hare-haren da Raynald ya yi mafi ban tsoro shi ne balaguron sojan ruwa na 1182 zuwa Bahar Maliya zuwa Makka da El Madina.Ya ci gaba da kwace gabar tekun Bahar Maliya tare da yin barazana ga hanyoyin mahajjata zuwa Makka a cikin bazara na shekara ta 1183. Ya kwace garin Aqaba, ya ba shi sansanin farmaki a kan birnin Makka mafi tsarki na Musulunci.Salahuddin wanda dan Sunni ne kuma shugaban dakarun musulmi ya yanke shawarar cewa katafaren gidan na Kerak zai kasance makasudin harin musulmi, musamman saboda kasancewarsa shingen da ke kan hanyarMasar zuwa Damascus.A farkon watan Disamba, Saladin ya samu labarin cewa sojojin Sarki Baldwin na kan hanya.Da jin haka, sai ya yi watsi da kewayen ya gudu zuwa Dimashƙu.

Saladin ya kaddamar da farmaki a kan katangar Reynald da ke Kerak a shekara ta 1187, inda ya bar dansa al Melik al-Afdal a matsayin kwamandan rundunar ta Re'sulma.Don mayar da martani ga barazanar mamayewa, Guy ya tara Babban Kotun a Urushalima.Tawagar Gerard na Ridefort, mai kula da Knights Templar ;Roger de Moulins, mai kula da Asibitin Knights ;Balian na Ibelin, Josicus, Archbishop na Taya;da Reginal Grenier, ubangijin Sidon, an zaɓi su yi tafiya zuwa Tiberias don yin sulhu da Raymond.A halin da ake ciki kuma, al-Afdal ya tara wata tawagar mahara domin yin awon gaba da yankunan Acre, yayin da Salahaddin ya yiwa Kerak kawanya.al-Afdal ya tura Muzzafar ad-Din Gökböri, Sarkin Edessa, don jagorantar wannan balaguron, tare da rakiyar manyan sarakuna biyu, Qaymaz al-Najami da Dildirim al-Yarugi.Sanin cewa sojojinsa sun shirya don shiga yankin Raymond, Saladin ya yarda cewa ƙungiyar masu tayar da hankali za su wuce ta Galili a kan hanyar zuwa Acre, barin yankunan Raymond ba a taɓa su ba.A cikin majiyoyin Faransanci, wannan ƙungiyar mahara ta ƙunshi kusan dakaru 7000;duk da haka, masana tarihi na zamani sun yi imanin dakarun 700 sun fi dacewa.A safiyar ranar 1 ga Mayu, sojojin Faransa sun hau gabas daga Nazarat kuma sun faru a kan ƙungiyar Ayyubid a maɓuɓɓugan Cresson.Dakarun na Faransa sun fara kai farmakin ne, inda suka kamo sojojin Ayyubid a cikin gadi.Duk da haka, wannan ya raba sojojin dawakai na Faransanci da sojojin ƙasa.A cewar Ali bn al-Althir , an yi daidai da abin da ya biyo baya;duk da haka sojojin Ayyubid sun yi nasarar fatattakar sojojin Faransa da suka rabu.Gerard kawai da ƴan maƙiyi kaɗan ne suka tsira daga mutuwa, kuma Ayyubids sun kama waɗanda ba a san adadinsu ba.Dakarun na Gokbori sun ci gaba da yin awon gaba da kewaye kafin su dawo ta yankin Raymond.

Yakin Hattin, wanda aka gwabza a ranar 4 ga Yulin 1187 kusa da Tiberias a cikin Isra'ila ta yau, wani gagarumin fada ne tsakanin 'yan Salibiyya na Levant da sojojin Ayyubid karkashin jagorancin Sultan Saladin.Nasarar da Salahuddin ya samu ta sauya ma'aunin iko a kasa mai tsarki, wanda ya kai ga sake kwace birnin Kudus da musulmi suka yi tare da haifar da yakin Salibiyya na uku.Tashin hankali na baya-bayan nan a Masarautar Kudus ya karu tare da hawan Guy na Lusignan a shekara ta 1186, a cikin rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin "bangaren kotu," da ke goyon bayan Guy, da kuma "bangaren masu daraja," da ke goyon bayan Raymond III na Tripoli.Salahuddin, bayan da ya hade yankunan musulmi da ke kewaye da jihohin ‘yan Salibiyya da kuma yin kira ga jihadi, ya kwace wadannan rarrabuwa na cikin gida.Abin da ya haifar da yakin shine karya yarjejeniyar sulhu da Raynald na Châtillon ya yi, wanda ya sa Saladin ya mayar da martani.A watan Yuli, Saladin ya kewaye Tiberias, wanda ya tunzura 'yan Salibiyya a cikin arangama.Duk da shawarar da aka ba shi, Guy na Lusignan ya jagoranci sojojin 'yan Salibiyya daga sansaninsu don yin yaki da Saladin, ya fada cikin tarkonsa.A ranar 3 ga watan Yuli, 'yan Salibiyya, wadanda kishirwa da tsangwama da sojojin musulmi suka yi musu, sun yanke shawarar yin tattaki zuwa magudanar ruwa na Kafr Hattin, kai tsaye a hannun Saladin.An kewaye da kuma raunana, 'Yan Salibiyya sun sha kashi sosai washegari.Yaƙin ya ga kama manyan shugabannin 'yan Salibiyya, ciki har da Guy na Lusignan, da kuma asarar Gicciyen Gaskiya, alamar ɗabi'a na Kirista.Abin da ya biyo baya ya kasance bala'i ga jihohin 'yan Salibiyya: muhimman yankuna da birane, ciki har da Kudus, sun fada hannun Salahaddin a cikin watanni masu zuwa.Yakin ya fallasa irin raunin da Jihohin Salibiyya ke da shi, ya kuma kai ga yunkurin yaki na Crusade na uku.Duk da haka, duk da yaƙin neman zaɓe na soja na gaba, kasancewar 'yan Salibiyya a Ƙasar Mai Tsarki ya yi rauni ba tare da ɓata lokaci ba, wanda ya kai ga raguwar ikon 'yan Salibiyya a yankin.

A tsakiyar watan Satumba, Saladin ya ɗauki Acre, Nablus, Jaffa, Toron, Sidon, Beirut, da Ascalon.Wadanda suka tsira daga yakin da sauran 'yan gudun hijira sun gudu zuwa Taya, birni daya tilo da ya iya fafatawa da Saladin, saboda isar da sa'a na Conrad na Montferrat.A Taya, Balian na Ibelin ya nemi Salahaddin ya tafi Urushalima lafiya don dawo da matarsa ​​Maria Komnene, Sarauniyar Urushalima da danginsu.Salahaddin ya amince da bukatarsa, matukar dai Balian bai dauki makami ba kuma bai zauna a Kudus fiye da kwana daya ba;duk da haka, Balian ya karya wannan alkawari.Balian ya sami halin da ake ciki a Urushalima muni.Garin dai ya cika da ‘yan gudun hijira da suka tsere daga mamayar Salahaddin, inda ake samun karin shigowa kullum.Kasa da jarumai goma sha hudu ne a duk garin.Ya shirya don kewayen da ba makawa ta hanyar adana abinci da kuɗi.Sojojin Syria daMasar sun taru a karkashin Saladin, kuma bayan sun ci Acre, Jaffa, da Kaisariya, ko da yake bai yi nasara a kewaye Taya ba, sarkin ya isa wajen Urushalima a ranar 20 ga Satumba.A karshen watan Satumba, Balian ya fita tare da wani manzo don ganawa da sarkin musulmi, tare da mika wuya.Saladin ya shaida wa Balian cewa ya yi rantsuwar kwace birnin da karfi, kuma zai amince da mika wuya ba tare da sharadi ba.Balian ya yi barazanar cewa masu kariyar za su ruguza wurare masu tsarki na musulmi, tare da karkashe iyalansu da bayi musulmi 5000, tare da kona dukiyoyi da dukiyoyin 'yan Salibiyya.A ƙarshe, an yi yarjejeniya.

Bayan mummunan yakin Hattin, yawancin kasa mai tsarki sun yi hasara ga Salahaddin, ciki har da Kudus.Ragowar sojojin ’yan Salibiyya sun yi tururuwa zuwa Taya, wadda tana ɗaya daga cikin manyan biranen da har yanzu suke hannun Kiristoci.Reginald na Sidon shi ne mai kula da Taya kuma yana cikin tattaunawa da Saladin ya mika wuya, amma zuwan Conrad da sojojinsa ya hana ta.Reginald ya bar birnin don sake gyara katangarsa a Belfort, kuma Conrad ya zama shugaban sojojin.Nan da nan ya fara gyara katangar garin, sannan ya yanke wani rami mai zurfi a kan tawadar da ke hade da birnin har zuwa gaci, don hana makiya tunkarar birnin.Dukkanin hare-haren Salahuddin ya ci tura, kuma kewayen ya ci gaba da jan zare, inda a wasu lokatai da masu tsaron baya suka yi ta kai ruwa rana, karkashin jagorancin wani jarumin kasar Spain mai suna Sancho Martin, wanda aka fi sani da "Green Knight" saboda kalar hannunsa.Ya bayyana wa Salahaddin cewa ta hanyar cin nasara a teku ne kawai zai iya kwace garin.Ya kirawo rundunar jiragen ruwa guda 10 wanda wani jirgin ruwa na Arewacin Afirka mai suna Abd al-Salam al-Maghribi ya jagoranta.Rundunar musulmin ta fara samun nasarar tursasa baragurbin kiristoci zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa, amma a daren ranar 29-30 ga watan Disamba, wata rundunar kiristoci dauke da galleys 17 ta kai hari kan 5 daga cikin tarukan musulmi, inda suka yi galaba a kansu tare da kame su.Bayan wadannan al’amura, sai Salahaddin ya kira sarakunansa da su yi taro, domin tattauna ko za su yi ritaya ko su ci gaba da kokari.An raba ra'ayoyin, amma Saladin, ganin halin da sojojinsa ke ciki, ya yanke shawarar yin ritaya zuwa Acre.

Sifen Safed (Nuwamba–Disamba 1188) wani bangare ne na mamayewar da Saladin ya yi wa Masarautar Urushalima .An kai wa katangar gidan Templar hari a farkon Nuwamba 1188. Saladin ya shiga tare da ɗan'uwansa, Saphadin.Saladin ya yi amfani da manyan ma'adanai da ma'adanai masu yawa.Ya kuma ci gaba da tsare shi sosai.A cewar Bahāʾ al-Dīn, yanayin ruwan sama ne da laka.A wani lokaci, Saladin ya ayyana sanya tutoci guda biyar, inda ya umurci a hada su da wuri da safe.Ƙarshen kayansu ba wai hare-haren kan bango ba ne ya sa rundunar ta Templar ta kai ƙarar neman zaman lafiya a ranar 30 ga Nuwamba.A ranar 6 ga Disamba, rundunar sojan ta fice bisa sharuddan.Sun tafi Taya, wanda Saladin ya kasa kamawa a wani hari da aka yi a baya.

A Taya, Conrad na Montferrat ya dakushe kansa kuma ya yi nasarar tinkarar harin Salahaddin a karshen shekara ta 1187. Sarkin Musulmi ya mayar da hankalinsa ga wasu ayyuka, amma sai ya yi kokarin sasantawa da mika wuya ga birnin ta hanyar yarjejeniya, kamar a tsakiyar 1188 Na farko ƙarfafawa daga Turai sun isa Taya ta teku.A karkashin yarjejeniyar, Salahaddin zai saki Sarki Guy, wanda ya kama a Hattin.Guy ya bukaci kafaffen tushe cikin gaggawa wanda zai iya shirya kai hari kan Salahuddin, kuma tun da ba zai iya samun Taya ba, sai ya shirya shirinsa zuwa Acre, kilomita 50 (mil 31) zuwa kudu.;Hattin ya bar Mulkin Urushalima da ƴan dakaru da suka rage don yin kira.A cikin irin wannan yanayin, Guy ya dogara kacokan akan taimako daga tarin rundunonin runduna da ke saukowa kan Levant daga ko'ina cikin Turai.Daga 1189 zuwa 1191, 'Yan Salibiyya sun kewaye Acre, kuma duk da nasarar da Musulmai suka samu, ya fada hannun sojojin Crusader.An yi kisan kiyashi da aka yi wa fursunonin yaki na musulmi 2,700, sannan ‘yan Salibiyya suka yi shirin daukar Ascalon a kudancin kasar.

Bayan kama Acre a 1191, Richard ya san cewa yana bukatar ya kama tashar jiragen ruwa na Jaffa kafin ya yi ƙoƙari a Urushalima, Richard ya fara tafiya a bakin tekun daga Acre zuwa Jaffa a watan Agusta.Salahaddin wanda babban makasudinsa shi ne hana sake kwato birnin Kudus, ya hada sojojinsa da nufin dakile yunkurin 'yan Salibiyya;An gwabza fada ne a wajen birnin Arsuf, lokacin da Saladin ya hadu da sojojin Richard a lokacin da suke tafiya a gabar tekun Bahar Rum daga Acre zuwa Jaffa, bayan kwace Acre.A yayin tattakin da suka yi daga Acre, Saladin ya kaddamar da hare-hare masu muni a kan sojojin Richard, amma Kiristocin sun yi nasarar hana wadannan yunƙurin kawo cikas ga haɗin kai.Yayin da ‘yan Salibiyya suka tsallaka fili zuwa arewacin Arsuf, Salahaddin ya sa gaba dayan sojojinsa yakin.Har ila yau sojojin 'yan Salibiyya sun ci gaba da tsare-tsare yayin da suke tafiya, tare da Richard yana jiran lokacin da ya dace don kai hari.Duk da haka, bayan da Knights Hospitaller ya kaddamar da cajin a Ayyubids, an tilasta Richard ya ba da dukan ƙarfinsa don tallafawa harin.Bayan nasarar farko, Richard ya iya sake tattara sojojinsa kuma ya ci nasara.Fadan dai ya yi sanadin mamayar da mabiya addinin kirista suka yi a tsakiyar gabar tekun Palasdinu, ciki har da tashar ruwan Jaffa.

Bayan nasararsa a Arsuf, Richard ya ɗauki Jaffa ya kafa sabon hedkwatarsa ​​a can.A cikin Nuwamba 1191 sojojin 'yan Salibiyya suka yi gaba zuwa cikin Kudus.Rashin kyawun yanayi, haɗe da fargabar cewa idan ta kewaye Kudus sojojin 'yan Salibiyya za su iya fuskantar tarko ta hanyar ceto, ya sa aka yanke shawarar komawa bakin tekun.A cikin watan Yulin 1192, ba zato ba tsammani sojojin Saladin sun kai hari tare da kama Jaffa tare da dubban mutane, amma Saladin ya rasa ikon sojojinsa saboda fushin da suka yi na kisan kiyashi a Acre.Daga baya Richard ya tara runduna kaɗan, ciki har da ɗimbin ɗimbin ma’aikatan ruwa na Italiya, suka yi gaggawar zuwa kudu.Sojojin Richard sun afkawa Jaffa daga cikin jiragen ruwansu sannan aka kori Ayyubids, wadanda ba su da shiri don kai hari na ruwa daga cikin birnin.Richard ya 'yantar da sojojin Crusader da aka yi wa fursuna, kuma waɗannan sojojin sun taimaka wajen ƙarfafa adadin sojojinsa.Har yanzu sojojin Salahaddin suna da fifiko a adadi, duk da haka, sun kai farmaki.Salahuddin yayi niyyar kai wani harin bazata da asuba, amma an gano dakarunsa;ya ci gaba da kai harin nasa, amma mutanensa suna da sulke masu sulke kuma sun yi asarar mutane 700 da aka kashe saboda makamai masu linzami na ɗimbin ƴan Salibiyya crossbowmen.Yaƙin kwato Jaffa ya ƙare da rashin nasara ga Salahuddin, wanda aka tilasta masa ja da baya.Wannan yakin ya karfafa matsayin jihohin 'yan Salibiyya da ke gabar teku.An tilastawa Salahaddin kammala wata yarjejeniya da Richard wanda ya tanadi cewa birnin Kudus zai ci gaba da kasancewa karkashin ikon musulmi, yayin da yake barin maniyata Kirista da ‘yan kasuwa marasa makami su ziyarci birnin.Ascalon, tare da rugujewar tsaronsa, a mayar da shi hannun Saladin.Richard ya bar kasa mai tsarki a ranar 9 ga Oktoba 1192.

Salahuddin ya mutu ne sakamakon zazzabi a ranar 4 ga Maris 1193 a Damascus ba da dadewa ba bayan tafiyar Sarki Richard, wanda ya kai ga fada tsakanin rassan daular Ayyubid, yayin da ya bai wa magada ikon iko da galibin sassan daular.'Ya'yansa biyu, masu iko da Damascus da Aleppo, sun yi yaƙi don neman mulki, amma a ƙarshe ɗan'uwan Salahaddin al-Adil ya zama sarki.

A shekara ta 1208 Masarautar Jojiya ta kalubalanci mulkin Ayyubid a gabashin Anatoliya tare da kewaye Khilat (mallakar al-Awhad).A martanin da al-Adil ya tara ya jagoranci manyan sojojin musulmi da suka hada da sarakunan Homs da Hama da Baalbek da kuma wasu dakaru daga wasu sarakunan Ayyubid don tallafawa al-Awhad.A lokacin da aka yi wa kawanya, Janar Janar na Jojiya Ivane Mkhargrdzeli ya fada hannun al-Awhad da ke wajen birnin Khilat bisa kuskure kuma aka sake shi a shekara ta 1210, sai bayan da 'yan Georgian suka amince da rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya ta shekaru talatin.Tsagaitawar ta kawo karshen barazanar da Georgian ta yi wa Ayyubid Armeniya , inda ta bar yankin tafkin Van zuwa ga Ayyubids na Damascus.

Bayan gazawar yakin Crusade na Hudu , Innocent III ya sake yin kira da a yi yaki, kuma ya fara shirya sojojin Crusad karkashin jagorancin Andrew II na Hungary da Leopold na VI na Austria, nan da nan John na Brienne zai shiga.Yaƙin farko a ƙarshen 1217 a Siriya bai cika ba, kuma Andrew ya tafi.Sojojin Jamus karkashin jagorancin limamin coci Oliver na Paderborn, da gaurayawan sojojin Holand, Flemish da na Frisian karkashin jagorancin William I na Holland, sannan suka shiga yakin Crusade a Acre, da burin fara cinkasar Masar , wanda ake kallo a matsayin mabudin Kudus. ;

A farkon yakin Crusade na biyar, an amince da cewa wata runduna za ta yi yunkurin daukar Damietta, dake bakin kogin Nilu.'Yan Salibiyya sun yi shirin yin amfani da wannan birni a matsayin wurin ƙaddamar da yankin kudancin wani hari da aka kai wa Urushalima daga Acre da Suez.Har ila yau, iko da yankin zai samar da dukiya don ciyar da ci gaba da gwagwarmayar yaki, da kuma rage barazanar da jiragen ruwa na musulmi.A cikin Maris 1218, jiragen ruwa na Crusader na Crusade na biyar sun tashi zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa na Acre.A karshen watan Mayu, sojojin da aka sanya wa kewayen Damietta sun tashi.A ranar 27 ga watan Mayu ne jiragen na farko suka isa, duk da cewa manyan shugabannin sun jinkirta saboda guguwa da kuma shirye-shirye.Rundunar 'yan ta'addar ta hada da kungiyoyin Knights Templar da Knights Hospitaller , da jiragen ruwa daga Frisia da Italiya, da sojojin da aka tattara a karkashin wasu shugabannin sojoji da yawa.Birnin da ke karkashin ikon Sarkin Ayyubid al-Kamil, an yi wa kawanya ne a shekara ta 1218 kuma 'yan Salibiyya suka kwace a shekara ta 1219.

Yaƙin Mansurah shine yaƙin ƙarshe a yaƙin yaƙi na biyar (1217-1221).Ya ci karo da sojojin 'yan Salibiyya karkashin shugaban Paparoma Pelagius Galvani da John na Brienne, sarkin Urushalima, da sojojin Ayyubid na sultan al-Kamil.Sakamakon ya kasance gagarumar nasara ga Masarawa kuma ya tilastawa 'yan Salibiyya mika wuya da kuma ficewa daga Masar.An aika da ma'aikatan umarnin soja zuwa Damietta tare da labarin mika wuya.Ba a samu karbuwa sosai ba, amma lamarin ya faru ne a ranar 8 ga Satumbar 1221. Jiragen yakin Salibiyya sun tashi kuma sarkin ya shiga cikin birnin.Crusade na biyar ya ƙare a 1221, bai cim ma komai ba.'Yan Salibiyya sun kasa samun komowar Giciyen Gaskiya.Masarawa ba su same shi ba kuma 'Yan Salibiyya sun bar hannun wofi.

Crusade na shida wani balaguron soji ne domin sake kwato birnin Kudus da sauran kasa mai tsarki.Ya fara shekaru bakwai bayan gazawar Crusade na biyar kuma ya haɗa da ainihin fada.Yunkurin diflomasiyya na Sarkin Roma mai tsarki kuma Sarkin Sicily, Frederick II, ya haifar da daular Kudus ta sake samun wani iko a kan Kudus tsawon shekaru goma sha biyar da suka biyo baya da kuma sauran yankunan kasa mai tsarki.

Sojojin Frederick ba su da yawa.Ba zai iya ba kuma ba zai iya yin yakin neman zabe a kasa mai tsarki ba.Crusade na shida zai zama ɗaya na shawarwari.Frederick ya yi fatan cewa nuna karfin tuwo, wani tattaki mai ban tsoro a gabar teku, zai isa ya shawo kan al-Kamil ya mutunta yarjejeniyar da aka kulla da aka yi a shekarun baya.Al-Kamil dai ya shagaltar da shi ne da wani kawanya a Dimashku akan dan uwansa An-Nasir Da'ud.Daga nan ya yarda ya mika Urushalima ga Franks, tare da ƴan ƴan ƴan taɗi zuwa bakin teku.An kulla yarjejeniyar a ranar 18 ga Fabrairu 1229, kuma ta shafi zaman lafiya na shekaru goma.A cikinta ne al-Kamil ya mika wuya ga Kudus in ban da wasu wurare masu tsarki na musulmi.Frederick kuma ya karɓi Baitalami da Nazarat, wani yanki na gundumar Sidon, da Jaffa da Toron, waɗanda suka mamaye bakin teku.Frederick ya shiga Jerusalem ne a ranar 17 ga Maris 1229 kuma ya karbi mika wuya ga birnin daga hannun wakilin al-Kamil.

Yaƙin da aka yi wa Damascus a shekara ta 1229 na daga cikin yaƙin da Ayyubid ya yi a kan Damascus wanda ya barke bayan mutuwar al-Mu'aẓẓam I a shekara ta 1227. Ɗan marigayi al-Nāṣir Da'ud, ya karɓi iko da birnin don adawa da al-Mu'aẓẓam I. -Kāmil, Sarkin Ayyubid aMasar .A yakin da ya biyo baya, al-Nāṣir ya rasa Damascus amma ya kiyaye 'yancin kai, yana mulki daga al-Karak.

Jalal ad-Din shine shugaban Khwarezm Shahs na ƙarshe.A haƙiƙa, daular Mongol ta mamaye yankin daular a zamanin mulkin mahaifin Jalal ad-Din Alaaddin Muhammad;amma Jalal ad-Din ya ci gaba da fafatawa da wata 'yar karamar runduna.A cikin 1225, ya koma Azerbaijan kuma ya kafa masarauta a kusa da Maragheh, Gabashin Azerbaijan.Ko da yake da farko ya kulla kawance damasarautar Seljuk na Rûm a kan Mongols , saboda dalilan da ba a san shi ba daga baya ya canza ra'ayinsa ya fara yaki da ' yan Seljuk .A shekara ta 1230, ya ci Ahlat, (a lardin Bitlis a yanzu, Turkiyya) wani muhimmin birni na al'adu na zamanin Ayyubids wanda ya haifar da kawance tsakanin Seljuk da Ayyubids.A daya bangaren kuma Jalal ad-Din ya hada kai da Jahan Shah, gwamnan Seljuk mai tawaye na Erzurum.A ranar farko dai kawancen ya kwace wasu mukamai daga Khwarezmiyawa amma ‘yan mamaya sun yi watsi da sabbin mukaman da aka kama da dare.Jalal din ya dena kai hari.Gamayyar sun sake fara kai hari a washegarin wayewar gari amma an fatattake su.Bayan da suka fatattaki sojojin kawance, Khwarezmiyawa suka yi gaba suka tilasta Kaykubad I ya kara ja da baya.An kama wuraren da aka rasa.Al-Ashraf, kwamandan sojojinMamluk ya karfafa sassan Kaykubad.Bayan ganin irin wannan karfafawa, sai Jalaluddin ya kammala da cewa, an yi hasarar yakin, saboda fifikon lambobi na kawancen, ya yi watsi da fagen fama.Wannan yakin shi ne yakin karshe na Jalal ad-Din, yayin da ya rasa sojojinsa, kuma a lokacin da yake tserewa a boye sai aka gan shi aka kashe shi a shekara ta 1231. Mongoliya suka ci mulkinsa na kankanen lokaci.

Sarki Frederick II na Daular Roma Mai Tsarki ya jagoranci yaƙin yaƙi na shida daga shekara ta 1228 zuwa 1229 kuma ya yi da’awar sarautar Sarkin Urushalima a matsayin mijin Isabella II na Urushalima, sarauniya tun shekara ta 1212. Duk da haka, Urushalima ba ta daɗe a hannun Kiristoci ba. , kamar yadda na karshen bai kula da kewayen birnin sosai ba don samun damar tabbatar da tsaro mai inganci.A shekara ta 1244, Ayyubids sun yarda Khwarazmiyawa, waɗanda Mongols suka lalata daularsu a 1231, su kai farmaki a birnin.An kai harin ne a ranar 15 ga Yuli, kuma birnin ya fadi cikin sauri.Khwarazmiyawa suka washe ta suka bar ta cikin rugujewar da ta zama mara amfani ga Kirista da Musulmi.Buhun birnin da kisan kiyashin da ya yi tare da shi ya karfafawa Sarkin Faransa Louis IX kwarin gwiwar shirya yakin Crusade na bakwai.

Iyalai daban-daban na 'yan uwan ​​Ayyubids tare da 'yan Salibiyya a kan Ayyubid Sultan as-Salih Ayyub, amma ya iya cin nasara a yakin La Forbie.Masarautar Kudus ta ruguje kuma ya fara karfafa iko a kan bangarorin Ayyubid daban-daban.Sakamakon nasarar da Ayyubid ya samu ya kai ga kira ga yakin Crusade na bakwai da kuma nuna rushewar ikon Kirista a kasa mai tsarki.

A tsakiyar karni na 13, 'yan Salibiyya sun gamsu cewaMasar , zuciyar sojojin Islama da makamantansu, ta kasance cikas ga burinsu na kwace birnin Kudus, da suka yi rashin nasara a karo na biyu a shekara ta 1244. A shekara ta 1245, a lokacin majalisa ta farko. na Lyon, Paparoma Innocent IV ya ba da cikakken goyon bayansa ga yaƙin yaƙi na bakwai da Louis IX, Sarkin Faransa ya shirya.Manufofin Yaki na Bakwai shi ne rusa daular Ayyubid a Masar da Sham, da kuma kwato birnin Kudus.

Jiragen yakin Crusade na Bakwai, karkashin jagorancin 'yan'uwan Sarki Louis, Charles d'Anjou da Robert d'Artois, sun tashi daga Aigues-Mortes da Marseille zuwa Cyprus a lokacin kaka na 1248, sannan suka wuce zuwaMasar .Jiragen sun shiga cikin ruwan Masar kuma sojojin Crusade na bakwai suka sauka a Damietta a watan Yuni 1249.Sarki Fakhr ad-Din Yusuf, kwamandan rundunar Ayyubid da ke Damietta, ya koma sansanin Sarkin Musulmi da ke Ashmum-Tanah, lamarin da ya haifar da firgici a tsakanin mazauna garin Damietta, inda suka tsere daga garin, suka bar gadar da ta hada yamma. bankin Nilu tare da Damietta m.'Yan Salibiyya sun haye kan gadar kuma suka mamaye Damietta, wanda babu kowa.‘Yan Salibiyya sun samu kwarin gwiwa da labarin rasuwar Sarkin Musulmi, As-Salih Ayyub.'Yan Salibiyya sun fara tattaki zuwa birnin Alkahira.Da sanyin safiyar ranar 11 ga watan Fabrairu ne sojojin musulmi suka kaddamar da farmaki kan sojojin kasar ta Faransa, tare da gobarar kasar Girka, amma aka yi musu muguwar asara, inda suka samu nasara a Faransa.

A ranar 27 ga Fabrairu Turanshah, sabon Sultan, ya isaMasar daga Hasankeyf kuma ya tafi kai tsaye zuwa Al Mansurah don jagorantar sojojin Masar.An yi jigilar jiragen ruwa zuwa ƙasa kuma an jefar da su a cikin kogin Nilu (a cikin Bahr al-Mahala) a bayan jiragen ruwa na 'yan Salibiyya suna yanke layin ƙarfafa daga Damietta da kuma kewaye da sojojin 'yan Salibiyya na Sarki Louis IX.Masarawa sun yi amfani da wutar Girka suka lalata tare da kama jiragen ruwa da yawa da kuma jigilar kayayyaki.Ba da daɗewa ba 'yan Salibiyya da suka yi wa kawanya suna fama da munanan hare-hare, yunwa da cututtuka.Wasu ’yan Salibiyya sun rasa imani kuma suka gudu zuwa bangaren musulmi.Sarki Louis na IX ya ba wa Masarawa shawarar mika wuya ga Damietta domin musanya birnin Kudus da wasu garuruwan da ke gabar tekun Syria.Masarawa da suka san halin da ‘yan Salibiyya suke ciki, sun ki amincewa da tayin sarkin da aka kewaye.A ranar 5 ga Afrilu duhun dare ya rufe, 'yan Salibiyya sun fice daga sansaninsu suka fara gudu zuwa arewa zuwa Damietta.A cikin firgici da gaggawa suka yi sakaci da lalata wata gadar ponton da suka kafa akan magudanar ruwa.Masarawan sun tsallaka mashigar ruwa ta kan gadar suka bi su zuwa Fariskur inda Masarawa suka lalata 'yan Salibiyya gaba daya a ranar 6 ga Afrilu.An kashe dubban 'yan Salibiyya ko kuma a kai su fursuna.Louis IX ya mika wuya tare da 'yan uwansa biyu Charles d'Anjou da Alphonse de Poitiers.An baje kolin sarki Louis a Siriya.

Al-Mu'azzam Turan-Shah ya mayar daMamluk saniyar ware jim kadan bayan nasarar da suka samu a Mansurah tare da yi musu barazana da Shajar al-Durr.Saboda tsoron matsayinsu na mulki, Bahri Mamluk suka yi wa sarkin tawaye, suka kashe shi a watan Afrilun 1250. Aybak ya auri Shajar al-Durr, daga bisani kuma ya karbi mulki aMasar da sunan; al-Ashraf II, wanda ya zama sarki, amma kawai na asali.

A watan Disamba 1250, An-Nasir Yusuf ya kai hari aMasar bayan ya ji labarin mutuwar al-Mu'azzam Turan-Shah da hawan Shajar al-Durr.Sojojin An-Nasir Yusuf sun fi na sojojin Masar girma da kayan aiki, wanda ya kunshi dakarun Aleppo, Homs, Hama, da na 'ya'yan Salahaddin daya tilo da suka rage, wato Nusrat Ad-Din da Turan-Shah bn Salah ad- Din.Sai dai duk da haka, ta sha babban kaye a hannun dakarun Aybak.Daga baya An-Nasir Yusuf ya koma kasar Sham, wacce a hankali take fita daga ikonsa.Mamluks sun kulla kawance da ‘Yan Salibiyya a cikin Maris 1252 kuma sun amince su kaddamar da yakin yaki da An-Nasir Yusuf tare.Sarki Louis, wanda aka saki bayan kisan al-Mu'azzam Turan-Shah, ya jagoranci sojojinsa zuwa Jaffa, yayin da Aybak ya yi niyyar tura sojojinsa zuwa Gaza.Da jin labarin kawancen, nan take an-Nasir Yusuf ya aike da wata runduna zuwa Tell al-Ajjul da ke wajen Gaza, domin hana mahadar dakarun Mamluk da 'yan Salibiyya;Ganin cewa yaki a tsakaninsu zai amfanar da 'yan Salibiyya matuka, sai Aybak da an-Nasir Yusuf suka amince da sulhun Abbasiyawa ta hanyar Najm ad-Din al-Badhirai.A cikin Afrilu 1253, an sanya hannu kan wata yarjejeniya wadda Mamluks za su ci gaba da mulkin Masar da Falasdinu har zuwa, amma ba tare da Nablus ba, yayin da aka tabbatar da an-Nasir Yusuf a matsayin shugaban musulmin Siriya.Don haka aka kawo karshen mulkin Ayyubid a Masar a hukumance.

Babban Khan na Mongol , Möngke, ya ba da umarni ga ɗan'uwansa Hulagu na faɗaɗa daular daular zuwa kogin Nilu.Daga baya ya tara runduna 120,000 kuma a shekara ta 1258, ya kori Bagadaza, ya kuma karkashe mazaunanta, ciki har da Halifa al-Musta'sim da mafi yawan iyalansa.Daga baya An-Nasir Yusuf ya aika da tawaga zuwa Hulagu, inda ya maimaita zanga-zangar da ya gabatar.Hulagu ya ki amincewa da sharuddan don haka an-Nasir Yusuf ya yi kira ga Alkahira da ta taimaka.Ba da daɗewa ba aka kewaye Aleppo cikin mako guda kuma a cikin Janairu 1260 ta fada hannun Mongols.Rugujewar Aleppo ya haifar da firgici a cikin musulmin Siriya.Damascus ya mamaye bayan isowar sojojin Mongol, amma ba a kore shi ba kamar sauran garuruwan musulmi da aka kama.Mongoliyawa sun ci gaba da ci Samariya, inda suka kashe mafi yawan dakarun Ayyubid a Nablus, sannan suka wuce kudu, har zuwa Gaza, ba tare da wata tangarda ba.Nan da nan Mongoliya suka kama An-Nasir Yusuf, ya kuma yi ta lallashin dakarun da ke Ajlun su yi katabus.;A ranar 3 ga Satumban 1260, sojojinMamluk naMasar karkashin jagorancin Qutuz da Baibars sun kalubalanci gwamnatin Mongol tare da fatattakar sojojinsu da gaske a yakin Ain Jalut, a wajen Zir'in a kwarin Jezreel.Bayan kwana biyar, Mamluk suka kwace Damascus, kuma a cikin wata guda, mafi yawan kasar Sham suna hannun Bahri Mamluk.A halin da ake ciki kuma, an kashe an-Nasir Yusuf a lokacin da ake garkuwa da shi.

Duk da ɗan gajeren wa'adin da suka yi, daular Ayyubid ta yi tasiri ga yankin musammanMasar .A karkashin Ayyubids, Masar, wadda a baya ta kasance a matsayin halifancin Shi'a, ta zama babbar karfin siyasa da soji na Sunna, kuma cibiyar tattalin arziki da al'adu ta yankin, matsayin da za ta ci gaba da rikewa har sai da Daular Usmaniyya ta mamaye ta. 1517. A duk tsawon daular Sarkin Musulmi, mulkin Ayyubid ya haifar da zamani na wadata tattalin arziki, kuma kayan aiki da taimakon da Ayyubid suka samar ya haifar da sake farfado da ayyukan tunani a duniyar Musulunci.Har ila yau, wannan lokaci ya kasance wani tsari na Ayyubid na karfafa karfi da karfi na musulmi 'yan Sunna a yankin ta hanyar gina madrasa masu yawa (makarantun shari'a) a cikin manyan garuruwansu.Ko bayan daMasarautar Mamluk ta hambarar da shi, sarautar da Saladin da Ayyubid suka gina za ta ci gaba a Masar, Levant da Hijaz har tsawon shekaru 267.