Ottoman Siriya, wanda ya tashi daga farkon karni na 16 zuwa bayan yakin duniya na daya , lokaci ne da ke da gagarumin canje-canje na siyasa, zamantakewa, da al'umma.Bayan da Daular Usmaniyya ta mamaye yankin a shekara ta 1516, an shigar da ita cikin manyan yankuna na daular, wanda ya kawo kwanciyar hankali bayan tashin hankalinMamluk .Daular Usmaniyya ta shirya yankin zuwa sassan gudanarwa da dama, inda Damascus ta zama babbar cibiyar mulki da kasuwanci.Mulkin daular ya bullo da sabbin tsare-tsare na haraji, mallakar filaye, da tsarin mulki, wanda ya yi tasiri sosai ga tsarin zamantakewa da tattalin arzikin yankin.Yunkurin da Ottoman ya yi a yankin ya haifar da ci gaba da yin hijira na Yahudawa da ke gujewa zalunci a Turai na Katolika.Wannan yanayin, wanda ya faro a ƙarƙashin mulkin Mamluk, ya ga yawan yahudawan Sephardic, waɗanda a ƙarshe suka mamaye al'ummar Yahudawa a yankin.^[148] A cikin 1558, mulkin Selim na II, wanda matarsa ​​Bayahudiya Nurbanu Sultan ta rinjaye shi, ^[149] ya ga ikon Tiberias da aka ba Doña Gracia Mendes Nasi.Ta ƙarfafa Yahudawa 'yan gudun hijira su zauna a wurin kuma ta kafa wurin buga littattafai na Ibrananci a cikin Safed, wanda ya zama cibiyar nazarin Kabbalah.A lokacin Ottoman, Siriya ta fuskanci yanayin yanayin al'umma daban-daban.Galibin jama'ar musulmi ne, amma akwai manyan al'ummomin Kirista da Yahudawa.Manufofin addini masu juriyar juriya na daular sun ba da dama ga wani matakin 'yancin addini, yana haɓaka al'umma mai al'adu da yawa.A wannan lokacin kuma an samu shigowar kabilu da addinai daban-daban, wanda ya kara habaka kaset din al'adun yankin.Biranen kamar Dimashƙu, Aleppo, da Urushalima sun zama cibiyoyi masu bunƙasa na kasuwanci, ilimi, da ayyukan addini.Yankin ya fuskanci tashin hankali a cikin 1660 saboda gwagwarmayar ikon Druze, wanda ya haifar da lalata Safed da Tiberias.^[150] Ƙarni na 18 da na 19 sun shaida haɓakar ikon gida suna ƙalubalantar ikon Ottoman.A karshen karni na 18, Masarautar Sheikh Zahir al-Umar mai cin gashin kanta a yankin Galili ta kalubalanci mulkin Ottoman, wanda ke nuna raunin tsakiyar daular Usmaniyya.^{[151 <]} > Waɗannan shugabannin yankin sukan fara gudanar da ayyukan raya ababen more rayuwa, noma, da kasuwanci, tare da barin tasiri mai ɗorewa ga tattalin arzikin yankin da yanayin birane.Aikin ɗan gajeren lokaci na Napoleon a cikin 1799 ya haɗa da tsare-tsare na ƙasar Yahudawa, wanda aka watsar bayan ya sha kashi a Acre.^{[152 <>]} A cikin 1831, Muhammad Ali na Masar, wani sarkin Daular Usmaniyya wanda ya bar daular kuma ya yi ƙoƙari ya zamanantar daMasar , ya ci Siriya da Ottoman tare da sanya aikin soja, wanda ya haifar da tawayen Larabawa.^[153]Karni na 19 ya kawo tasirin tattalin arziki da siyasa na Turai ga Ottoman Syria, tare da sauye-sauyen cikin gida a zamanin Tanzimat.Wadannan gyare-gyaren da aka yi da nufin sabunta daular sun hada da bullo da sabbin tsare-tsare na shari'a da gudanarwa, gyare-gyaren ilimi, da kuma mai da hankali kan daidaiton hakkoki ga 'yan kasa.Duk da haka, waɗannan sauye-sauyen sun kuma haifar da tashin hankali na al'umma da ƙungiyoyin kishin ƙasa a tsakanin kabilu da addinai daban-daban, wanda ya kafa tushen tsarin siyasa mai sarƙaƙƙiya na karni na 20.Yarjejeniyar a 1839 tsakanin Moses Montefiore da Muhammed Pasha na ƙauyukan yahudawa a Damascus Eyalet ya kasance ba a aiwatar da shi ba saboda janyewar Masar a 1840. ^[154] A 1896, Yahudawa sun zama mafi rinjaye a Urushalima, [ ^[155] amma gabaɗayan al'ummar Falasdinu sun kasance 88% Musulmi kuma 9% Kirista.^[156]Aliyah na farko, daga 1882 zuwa 1903, ya ga Yahudawa kusan 35,000 sun yi ƙaura zuwa Falasdinu, galibi daga Daular Rasha saboda ƙara tsanantawa.^[157] Yahudawan Rasha sun kafa matsugunan noma kamar Petah Tikva da Rishon LeZion, wanda Baron Rothschild ke goyan bayan. Yawancin bakin haure na farko ba su sami aiki ba kuma suka tafi, amma duk da matsalolin, ƙarin ƙauyuka sun taso kuma al'umma ta haɓaka.Bayan da Ottoman suka mamaye Yaman a shekara ta 1881, yawan Yahudawan Yaman ma sun yi hijira zuwa Falasdinu, wanda yawancin al'adun Almasihu ke jagoranta.^{[158 <]} > A cikin 1896, "Der Judenstaat" na Theodor Herzl ya ba da shawarar kafa ƙasar Yahudawa a matsayin mafita ga kyamar Yahudawa, wanda ya kai ga kafa Ƙungiyar Sahyoniyya ta Duniya a 1897. ^[159.]Aliya ta biyu, daga 1904 zuwa 1914, ta kawo kusan yahudawa 40,000 zuwa yankin, tare da kungiyar Sahayoniya ta Duniya ta kafa tsarin matsuguni.^{[160 <>]} A cikin 1909 mazauna Jaffa sun sayi filaye a wajen bangon birnin kuma suka gina gari na farko da ake magana da Ibrananci, Ahuzat Bayit (wanda daga baya aka sake masa suna Tel Aviv).^[161]A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya, Yahudawa sun fi tallafa wa Jamus a yaƙi da Rasha .^[162] Birtaniya , neman goyon bayan Yahudawa , an rinjayi ra'ayi na rinjayar Yahudawa da nufin tabbatar da goyon bayan Yahudawa Yahudawa .Tausayin Birtaniyya ga yahudawan sahyoniya, gami da daga firaminista Lloyd George, ya haifar da manufofin fifita muradun yahudawa.^[163] Sama da Yahudawa 14,000 ne Daular Usmaniyya ta kori daga Jaffa a tsakanin 1914 da 1915, da kuma korar baki daya a 1917 ta shafi dukkan mazauna Jaffa da Tel Aviv har zuwa lokacin da Birtaniyya ta mamaye a 1918. ^[164.]Shekarun karshe na mulkin daular Usmaniyya a kasar Siriya sun kasance a cikin rudanin yakin duniya na daya. Daidaiton daular ta yi da kasashen tsakiya da kuma tawaye na Larabawa da Birtaniya ke marawa baya, ya raunana ikon daular Usmaniyya.Bayan yakin, yerjejeniyar Sykes-Picot da yerjejeniyar Sèvres ta kai ga raba lardunan Larabawa na Daular Usmaniyya, wanda ya haifar da kawo karshen mulkin Ottoman a Siriya.Birtaniya, Faransanci , da Larabawa sun mamaye yankin Falasdinu a ƙarƙashin dokar yaƙi har zuwa lokacin da aka kafa wa'adin a 1920.