Yakin Shekara Bakwai

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1756 - 1763

Yakin Shekara Bakwai



Yaƙin Shekaru Bakwai (1756–1763) rikici ne na duniya tsakanin Burtaniya da Faransa don fifikon duniya.Biritaniya, Faransa daSpain sun yi yaƙi a Turai da ƙasashen waje tare da rundunonin ƙasa da sojojin ruwa, yayin da Prussia ta nemi faɗaɗa yanki a Turai da ƙarfafa ikonta.An dade ana gwabza fada tsakanin ‘yan mulkin mallaka da suka hada Birtaniya da Faransa da Spain a Arewacin Amurka da kuma Indiyan Yamma a kan gagarumin sikeli tare da sakamako mai ma’ana.A Turai, rikicin ya taso ne daga batutuwan da yaƙin Yaƙin Ostiriya ya warware bai warware ba (1740-1748).Prussia ya nemi babban tasiri a cikin jihohin Jamus, yayin da Ostiriya ta so ta sake dawowa Silesia, wanda Prussia ta kama a yakin da ya gabata, kuma ya ƙunshi tasirin Prussian.A cikin daidaitawar ƙawancen gargajiya, wanda aka sani da juyin juya halin diflomasiyya na 1756, Prussia ta zama wani ɓangare na haɗin gwiwar da Birtaniyya ke jagoranta, wanda kuma ya haɗa da ɗan takarar Prussian Hanover, a lokacin cikin haɗin kai tare da Burtaniya.A lokaci guda, Ostiriya ta kawo karshen rikice-rikice na shekaru aru-aru tsakanin iyalan Bourbon da Habsburg ta hanyar kawance da Faransa, tare da Saxony, Sweden da Rasha .Kasar Spain ta hada kai da Faransa a shekara ta 1762. Kasar Spain ta yi yunkurin mamaye kasar Portugal da ke kawance da Biritaniya ba tare da samun nasara ba, inda ta kai farmaki tare da dakarunta suna fuskantar sojojin Birtaniya a Iberia.Ƙananan jihohin Jamus ko dai sun shiga yakin shekaru bakwai ko kuma sun ba da sojojin haya ga bangarorin da ke cikin rikici.Rikicin Anglo-Faransa akan yankunansu a Arewacin Amurka ya fara ne a cikin 1754 a cikin abin da ya zama sananne a Amurka a matsayin Yaƙin Faransanci da Indiya (1754-63), wanda ya zama gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Yaƙin Shekaru Bakwai, kuma ya kawo ƙarshen kasancewar Faransa. ikon kasa a wannan nahiya.Shi ne "mafi mahimmanci al'amari da ya faru a Arewacin Amirka na ƙarni na sha takwas" kafin juyin juya halin Amurka .Spain ta shiga yakin a 1761, ta shiga Faransa a cikin Yarjejeniyar Iyali ta Uku tsakanin sarakunan Bourbon guda biyu.Haɗin kai tare da Faransa ya kasance bala'i ga Spain, tare da asarar Birtaniyya na manyan tashoshin jiragen ruwa guda biyu, Havana a yammacin Indies da Manila a Philippines, sun dawo a cikin 1763 yarjejeniyar Paris tsakanin Faransa, Spain da Burtaniya.A Turai, babban rikicin da ya jawo mafi yawan kasashen Turai ya ta'allaka ne akan sha'awar Ostiriya (tsawon tsakiyar siyasa na Daular Roman mai tsarki na al'ummar Jamus) don dawo da Silesia daga Prussia.Yarjejeniyar Hubertusburg ta kawo karshen yakin da aka yi tsakanin Saxony, Ostiriya da Prussia, a shekara ta 1763. Biritaniya ta fara hawanta a matsayin kasar da ta fi karfin mulkin mallaka da na ruwa a duniya.An dakatar da martabar Faransa a Turai har sai bayan juyin juya halin Faransa da bullar Napoleon Bonaparte .Prussia ya tabbatar da matsayinsa a matsayin babban iko, yana ƙalubalantar Austria don rinjaye a cikin jihohin Jamus, don haka ya canza ma'auni na iko na Turai.
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Ziyarci Shago

1754 - 1756
Rikicin Farko Da Barkewar Farkoornament
Gabatarwa
Hoton George Washington na Charles Willson Peale, 1772 ©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1754 May 28

Gabatarwa

Farmington, Pennsylvania, USA
Iyakar da ke tsakanin mallakar Birtaniyya da Faransa a Arewacin Amurka ba ta daɗe a cikin 1750s.Faransa ta dade tana da'awar gaba dayan kogin Mississippi.Biritaniya ta yi jayayya da hakan.A farkon shekarun 1750 Faransawa sun fara gina sarkar sanduna a cikin kwarin kogin Ohio don tabbatar da da'awarsu da kuma kare al'ummar Amurkawa daga kara tasirin Burtaniya.Mafi mahimmancin katangar Faransa da aka shirya an yi niyya ne don ɗaukar matsayi a "Forks" inda kogin Allegheny da Monongahela suka hadu don kafa Kogin Ohio (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania na yanzu).Ƙoƙarin ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarce na ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarce na Burtaniya na dakatar da wannan ginin bai yi nasara ba, kuma Faransawa suka ci gaba da gina katangar da suka kira Fort Duquesne.Daga nan ne aka tura mayakan ‘yan mulkin mallaka na Birtaniyya daga Virginia tare da Cif Tanacharison da ‘yan tsirarun mayaka Mingo domin su kore su.George Washington ya jagoranta, sun yi wa wani karamin sojojin Faransa kwanton bauna a Jumonville Glen a ranar 28 ga Mayu 1754 inda suka kashe goma, ciki har da kwamanda Jumonville.Faransawa sun yi ramuwar gayya ta hanyar kai wa sojojin Washington hari a Fort Necessity a ranar 3 ga Yuli 1754 kuma suka tilasta wa Washington mika wuya.Waɗannan su ne alƙawuran farko na abin da zai zama Yaƙin Shekaru Bakwai na duniya.Labarin haka ya isa Turai, inda Biritaniya da Faransa suka yi yunƙurin sasantawa ba su yi nasara ba.Daga karshe dai kasashen biyu sun tura dakaru na yau da kullun zuwa Arewacin Amurka don aiwatar da ikirarinsu.Matakin farko na Birtaniyya shi ne harin da aka kai Acadia a ranar 16 ga Yuni 1755 a yakin Fort Beauséjour , wanda nan da nan ya biyo bayan korarsu na Acadians .A watan Yuli Manjo Janar na Biritaniya Edward Braddock ya jagoranci sojoji kusan 2,000 da mayakan larduna a wani balaguron kwato Fort Duquesne, amma balaguron ya ƙare da mummunan shan kashi.A wani mataki na gaba, Admiral Edward Boscawen ya harba jirgin Faransa Alcide a ranar 8 ga Yuni 1755, ya kama shi da jiragen ruwa biyu.A watan Satumba na 1755, sojojin mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya da na Faransa sun hadu a yakin Lake George .Har ila yau, Birtaniya ta tursasa jigilar Faransanci tun daga watan Agustan 1755, ta kama daruruwan jiragen ruwa tare da kama dubban 'yan kasuwa a yayin da kasashen biyu ke zaman lafiya.Cikin fushi, Faransa ta shirya kai wa Hanover hari, wanda yarima mai zaɓe shi ma Sarkin Biritaniya da Menorca.Birtaniya ta kulla yarjejeniya inda Prussia ta amince da kare Hanover.A mayar da martani Faransa ta kulla kawance da abokiyar gabarta Ostiriya, lamarin da aka fi sani da juyin juya halin diflomasiyya.
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1756 - 1757
Yakin Prussian da Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Turaiornament
Juyin Diflomasiyya
Maria Theresa ta Austria ©Martin van Meytens
1756 Jan 1

Juyin Diflomasiyya

Central Europe
Juyin juya halin diflomasiyya na 1756 shine juyewar kawancen da aka dade a Turai tsakanin yakin nasarar Austria da yakin shekaru bakwai.Ostiriya ta tafi daga ƙawance na Biritaniya zuwa ƙawance na Faransa , yayin da Prussia ta zama ƙawance na Biritaniya.Babban jami'in diflomasiyyar da ya yi tasiri shine wani dan kasar Ostiriya, Wenzel Anton von Kaunitz.Canjin ya kasance wani ɓangare na ƙaƙƙarfan quadrille, tsarin ƙawance na yau da kullun a cikin ƙarni na 18 a ƙoƙarin kiyayewa ko tayar da ma'aunin iko na Turai.Canjin diflomasiyya ya samo asali ne sakamakon rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin kasashen Ostiriya da Birtaniya da kuma Faransa.Aminci na Aix-la-Chapelle, bayan yakin nasarar Austrian a shekara ta 1748, ya bar Austria ta san farashin da ta biya wajen samun Birtaniyya a matsayin ƙawance.Maria Theresa ’yar Ostiriya ta kāre da’awarta na sarautar Habsburg kuma ta sa mijinta Francis Stephen ya naɗa sarauta a shekara ta 1745. Duk da haka, an tilasta mata ta bar yanki mai daraja a cikin wannan tsari.A karkashin matsin diflomasiyya na Burtaniya, Maria Theresa ta bar yawancin Lombardy kuma ta mamaye Bavaria.Har ila yau, Birtaniya ta tilasta mata ta ba da Parma zuwa Spain kuma, mafi mahimmanci, don watsar da jihar Silesia mai mahimmanci ga aikin Prussian.A lokacin yakin, Frederick II ("Babban") na Prussia ya kama Silesia, ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashen kambin Bohemian.Wannan saye ya kara ci gaban Prussia a matsayin babbar kasar Turai, wacce a yanzu ke kara zama barazana ga kasashen Jamus na Austria da kuma tsakiyar Turai baki daya.Girman Prussia , mai haɗari ga Austria, Birtaniya sun yi maraba da shi, wanda ya gan shi a matsayin hanyar daidaita ikon Faransanci da kuma rage tasirin Faransanci a Jamus, wanda zai iya girma don mayar da martani ga raunin Austria.
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Bude Salvos
Ficewar tawagar Faransa a ranar 10 ga Afrilu 1756 don kai hari kan Port Mahon. ©Nicolas Ozanne
1756 May 20

Bude Salvos

Minorca, Spain
Yaƙin Minorca (20 ga Mayu 1756) yaƙin ruwa ne tsakanin jiragen ruwa na Faransa da na Burtaniya.Yakin bude teku ne na yakin shekaru bakwai a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Turai.Jim kadan bayan fara yakin sojojin Birtaniya da na Faransa sun hadu a tsibirin Minorca na Bahar Rum.Faransawa sun yi nasara a yakin.Shawarar da Birtaniya ta yanke na janyewa zuwa Gibraltar ya baiwa Faransa nasara mai mahimmanci kuma ta kai ga faduwar Minorca kai tsaye.Rashin nasarar da Birtaniyya ta yi na ceto Minorca ya haifar da cece-kuce a kotun soja da kuma kisa da aka yi wa kwamandan Birtaniyya, Admiral John Byng, saboda "rashin yin iyakacin kokarinsa" don rage wa sojojin Birtaniyya hari a Minorca.
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Anglo-Prussian Alliance
Frederick Mai Girma, Sarkin Prussia a lokacin kawance.Shi dan uwan ​​George II ne kuma dan uwa na farko da zarar an cire George III, sarakunan Biritaniya da Hanover. ©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1756 Aug 29

Anglo-Prussian Alliance

Saxony, Germany
Anglo-Prussian Alliance wani ƙawancen soja ne da yarjejeniyar Westminster ta kafa tsakanin Birtaniya da Prussia wanda ya dade tsakanin 1756 zuwa 1762, a lokacin Yaƙin Shekaru Bakwai.Haɗin gwiwar ya bai wa Biritaniya damar mai da hankali kan mafi yawan yunƙurinta a kan mallakar mulkin mallaka na kawancen da Faransa ke jagoranta yayin da Prussia ke ɗaukar nauyin fada a Turai.Ya ƙare a watannin ƙarshe na rikicin, amma dangantaka mai ƙarfi tsakanin masarautun biyu ta kasance.A ranar 29 ga Agusta 1756, ya jagoranci sojojin Prussia zuwa iyakar Saxony, ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan jihohin Jamus a cikin haɗin gwiwa tare da Austria.Ya yi niyya wannan a matsayin wani kwakkwaran mataki na mamayewa da ake tsammanin Austro-Faransa na mamaye Silesia.Ya kasance yana da burin uku a sabon yakin da ya yi da Austria.Na farko, zai kama Saxony kuma ya kawar da shi a matsayin barazana ga Prussia, sannan ya yi amfani da sojojin Saxon da baitulmali don taimakawa kokarin yakin Prussian.Burinsa na biyu shine ya ci gaba zuwa Bohemia, inda zai iya kafa wuraren hunturu a kudin Austria.Na uku, ya so ya mamaye Moravia daga Silesia, ya kwace kagara a Olmütz, ya ci gaba a Vienna don tilasta kawo karshen yakin.
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1756 Oct 1

Frederick ya koma Saxony

Lovosice, Czechia
Saboda haka, barin Field Marshal Count Kurt von Schwerin a Silesia tare da sojoji 25,000 don kare kai daga Moravia da Hungary, da kuma barin Field Marshal Hans von Lehwaldt a Gabashin Prussia don kare mamayar Rasha daga gabas, Frederick ya tashi tare da sojojinsa zuwa Saxony. .Sojojin Prussian sun yi tafiya cikin ginshiƙai uku.A hannun dama akwai ginshiƙi na mutane kusan 15,000 a ƙarƙashin umarnin Yarima Ferdinand na Brunswick.A gefen hagu akwai ginshiƙi na mutane 18,000 a ƙarƙashin umarnin Duke na Brunswick-Bevern.A tsakiyar shi ne Frederick II, da kansa tare da Field Marshal James Keith yana ba da umarnin gawarwakin sojoji 30,000.Ferdinand na Brunswick zai rufe garin Chemnitz.Duke na Brunswick-Bevern zai ratsa Lusatia don rufe Bautzen.A halin yanzu, Frederick da Keith za su yi wa Dresden.Sojojin Saxon da na Austriya ba su yi shiri ba, kuma dakarunsu sun watse.Frederick ya mamaye Dresden tare da ɗan adawa ko kaɗan daga Saxon.A yakin Lobositz a ranar 1 ga Oktoba 1756, Frederick ya yi tuntuɓe cikin ɗaya daga cikin abin kunya na aikinsa.Da tsananin rashin la'akari da sojojin Austriya da aka gyara a karkashin Janar Maximilian Ulysses Browne, ya sami kansa mai ban mamaki kuma ya yi nasara, kuma a wani lokaci a cikin rudani har ma ya umarci sojojinsa su yi harbi a kan komowar sojojin Prussian.Frederick ya gudu daga fagen fama, ya bar Field Marshall Keith a matsayin kwamandan.Browne, duk da haka, shi ma ya bar filin, a cikin wani yunƙuri na banza don saduwa da wani keɓaɓɓen sojojin Saxon da ke cikin kagara a Pirna.Kamar yadda Prussians a fasaha suka ci gaba da kula da fagen fama, Frederick, a cikin babban abin rufe fuska, ya yi iƙirarin Lobositz a matsayin nasarar Prussian.
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Sojojin Saxon sun mika wuya
Siege na Pirna ©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1756 Oct 14

Sojojin Saxon sun mika wuya

Pirna, Saxony, Germany
Bayan mamayar babban birnin Dresden da Frederick the Great ya yi a ranar 9 ga watan Satumba sojojin Saxon sun janye daga kudu tare da zama a sansanin soja na Pirna karkashin Frederick von Rutowski.Mutanen Saxon sun yi fatan samun agaji daga sojojin Austria da ke kan iyaka a makwabciyar Bohemia karkashin Marshal Browne.Bayan yakin Lobositz 'yan Austriya sun janye, kuma sun yi kokarin tunkarar Pirna ta wata hanya ta daban amma sun kasa yin tuntubar masu tsaron gida.Duk da yunkurin da Saxon suka yi na tserewa ta hanyar ketare kogin Elbe, nan da nan ya bayyana cewa matsayinsu ba shi da bege.A ranar 14 ga Oktoba Rutowski ya kammala tattaunawa tare da Frederick.A jimilce sojoji 18,000 ne suka mika wuya.An shigar da su cikin sauri da kuma tilastawa cikin sojojin Prussian, wani aikin da ya haifar da zanga-zangar ko da daga Prussians.Yawancinsu daga baya sun rabu kuma suka yi yaƙi da Austrians a kan sojojin Prussian - tare da dukan ƙungiyoyin da ke canza bangarori a yakin Prague.
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1757 May 6

Matsalar jini a Prague

Prague, Czechia
Bayan Frederick ya tilasta wa Saxony mika wuya a yakin 1756, ya shafe lokacin hunturu yana tsara sabbin tsare-tsare don kare karamar masarautarsa.Ba a yanayinsa ba ne, ko dabarun soja, kawai ya zauna ya kare.Ya fara tsara shirye-shirye don wani bugun jini mai ƙarfi da Ostiriya.A farkon bazara sojojin Prussian sun yi tafiya a cikin ginshiƙai huɗu a kan tsaunukan da ke raba Saxony da Silesia daga Bohemia.Gawawwakin gawawwakin hudu za su hade a babban birnin Bohemian na Prague.Ko da yake yana da haɗari, saboda ya fallasa sojojin Prussian ga cin nasara daki-daki, shirin ya yi nasara.Bayan rundunar Frederick ta haɗu tare da gawawwaki a ƙarƙashin Yarima Moritz, kuma Janar Bevern ya haɗu tare da Schwerin, sojojin biyu sun taru a kusa da Prague.A halin yanzu, Austrian ba su yi zaman banza ba.Ko da yake an fara mamakin farkon harin Prussian, mai ikon Ostiriya Field Marshal Maximilian Ulysses Count Browne ya koma baya da basira kuma yana mai da hankali ga sojojinsa zuwa Prague.Anan ya kafa wani katafaren wuri a gabashin garin, kuma ƙarin sojoji a ƙarƙashin Yarima Charles na Lorraine ya isa ya haɓaka lambobin Austrian zuwa 60,000.Yarima yanzu ya dauki umarni.Frederick the Great's 64,000 Prussians sun tilasta 61,000 Austrians su koma baya.Nasarar Prussian ta kasance mai tsada;Frederick ya rasa mazaje sama da 14,000.Yarima Charles kuma ya sha wahala sosai, inda ya rasa mazaje 8,900 da aka kashe ko suka jikkata da kuma fursunoni 4,500.Ganin yawan asarar da ya sha, Frederick ya yanke shawarar yin kawanya maimakon kai hari kai tsaye a kan ganuwar Prague.
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Mamaye Hanover
Ferdinand na Brunswick wanda a ƙarshen 1757 ya ɗauki kwamandan Rundunar Sojan Sa ido da aka sake kafa kuma ya tura Faransawa baya a fadin Rhine, ya 'yantar da Hanover. ©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1757 Jun 1 - Sep

Mamaye Hanover

Hanover, Germany
A farkon watan Yuni na 1757, sojojin Faransa sun fara ci gaba zuwa Hanover da zarar ya bayyana cewa ba za a yi yarjejeniya ba.An yi arangama ta farko tsakanin dakarun biyu ne a ranar 3 ga watan Mayu.Wani bangare na sojojin Faransa ya jinkirta ta hanyar Siege na Geldern wanda ya dauki watanni uku kafin ya kama shi daga sansanin Prussian na 800. Yawancin sojojin Faransa sun ci gaba da ratsa Rhine, suna ci gaba a hankali saboda matsalolin dabaru na motsa sojojin da aka kiyasta a kusan 100,000.A gaban wannan ci gaba, ƙananan sojojin Jamus na sa ido sun ja da baya a cikin kogin Weser zuwa cikin ƙasar Hannover da kanta, yayin da Cumberland ya yi ƙoƙari ya shirya dakarunsa.A ranar 2 ga Yuli, tashar jiragen ruwa ta Emden ta Prussian ta fada hannun Faransa kafin tawagar sojojin ruwa ta Royal Navy ta aika don taimakawa ta iya isa can.Wannan ya katse Hanover daga Jamhuriyar Holland yana nufin cewa kayayyaki daga Burtaniya za a iya jigilar su kai tsaye ta ruwa.Faransawa sun bi wannan ta hanyar kame Cassel, tare da kare gefen su na dama.
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'Yan Rasha sun kai hari Gabashin Prussia
Cossacks da Kalmuks sun kaiwa sojojin Lehwaldt hari. ©Alexander von Kotzebue
1757 Jun 1

'Yan Rasha sun kai hari Gabashin Prussia

Klaipėda, Lithuania
Daga baya a lokacin bazara, Rashawa karkashin Field Marshal Stepan Fyodorovich Apraksin sun kewaye Memel tare da dakaru 75,000.Memel yana da ɗaya daga cikin kagara mafi ƙarfi a Prussia.Sai dai bayan kwashe kwanaki biyar ana kai hare-hare da makaman atilare sojojin Rasha sun samu nasarar afkawa cikinsa.Daga nan sai Rashawa suka yi amfani da Memel a matsayin sansani don mamaye Gabashin Prussia kuma sun yi galaba a kan wasu ƙananan sojojin Prussian a yaƙin Gross-Jägersdorf da ake gwabzawa a ranar 30 ga Agustan 1757. Duk da haka, har yanzu Rashawa ba su sami damar ɗaukar Königsberg ba bayan da suka yi amfani da kayansu na ƙwallo. a Memel da Gross-Jägersdorf kuma sun ja da baya ba da jimawa ba.Ƙididdiga ya kasance matsala mai maimaitawa ga Rashawa a duk lokacin yakin.Rashawa ba su da sashen kula da kwata da ke da ikon kiyaye sojojin da ke aiki a tsakiyar Turai yadda ya kamata a kan manyan hanyoyin laka na gabashin Turai.Halin da sojojin Rasha suka yi na barin aiki bayan sun gwabza wani gagarumin yaki, ko da ba a fatattake su ba, ya yi kadan game da asarar da suka yi da kuma layukan samar da kayayyaki;Bayan kashe yawancin makamansu a yaƙi, janar-janar na Rasha ba sa son yin haɗari da wani yaƙin ba tare da sanin sake kawowa ba zai daɗe.Wannan raunin da ya dade yana bayyana a yakin Rasha-Ottoman na 1735-1739, inda nasarar yakin Rasha ya haifar da nasarar yaki kawai saboda matsalolin samar da sojojinsu.Sashen masu kula da kwata-kwata na Rasha bai inganta ba, don haka matsaloli iri ɗaya sun sake faruwa a Prussia.Duk da haka, Rundunar Sojan Rasha ta kasance sabuwar barazana ga Prussia.Ba wai kawai an tilasta Frederick ya rabu da mamayar da ya yi na Bohemia ba, yanzu an tilasta masa ya sake komawa cikin yankin da Prussian ke sarrafawa.Nasarar da ya yi a fagen fama ya sa al'ummomi masu dama suka shiga cikin yakin.Sweden ta ayyana yaki a kan Prussia kuma ta mamaye Pomerania tare da maza 17,000.Sweden ta ji wannan ƙananan sojojin shine kawai abin da ake buƙata don mamaye Pomerania kuma yana jin cewa sojojin Sweden ba za su buƙaci shiga tare da Prussians ba saboda Prussians sun shagaltar da su a wasu bangarori da yawa.
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Frederick ya sha kashi na farko a yakin
Frederick II bayan yakin Kolin ©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1757 Jun 18

Frederick ya sha kashi na farko a yakin

Kolin, Czechia
Frederick II na Prussia ya ci nasara a yakin Prague da Austria a ranar 6 ga Mayu 1757 kuma yana kewaye da birnin.Dan kasar Ostiriya Marshal Daun ya zo a makare don yin fada, amma ya dauko maza 16,000 da suka tsere daga yakin.Da wannan runduna a hankali ya motsa don ya sami sauƙi a Prague.Frederick ya dakatar da harin bam na Prague kuma ya ci gaba da kewaye karkashin Duke Ferdinand na Brunswick, yayin da sarki ya yi maci da Austrian a ranar 13 ga Yuni tare da Yarima Moritz na sojojin Anhalt-Dessau.Frederick ya ɗauki maza 34,000 don ya kama Daun.Daun ya san cewa sojojin Prussian sun yi rauni sosai don su kewaye Prague kuma su nisantar da shi daga Prague na wani lokaci mai tsawo (ko kuma don yakar sojojin Austrian da sojojin Prague suka ƙarfafa), don haka sojojinsa na Austrian sun dauki matsayi na tsaro a kan tsaunuka kusa da Kolín a kan iyakar. daren 17 ga watan Yuni.Da tsakar rana a ranar 18 ga Yuni, Frederick ya kai hari ga Austrians, waɗanda ke jiran kariya tare da sojojin 35,160 na soja, dawakai 18,630 da bindigogi 154.Filin yaƙi na Kolín ya ƙunshi tsaunin tudu a hankali.Babban sojojin Frederick ya juya zuwa ga Austrians da wuri kuma ya kai hari ga wuraren tsaron su gaba da gaba maimakon fitar da su.Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru (Grenzers) sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin wannan.Austriya musket da manyan bindigogi sun hana Frederick gaba.Dakarun dawakin Prussian sun yi galaba a kan wani harin da 'yan Ostiriya suka yi, kuma Frederick ya zuba karin dakaru a cikin gibin da ya biyo baya a layin abokan gaba.Da farko dai an dakatar da wannan sabon harin sannan kuma sojojin dawakin Austriya suka murkushe shi.Da yamma, bayan kimanin sa'o'i biyar na fada, Prussian sun damu kuma sojojin Daun sun kori su.Yakin shi ne karo na farko da Frederick ya sha kaye a wannan yakin, kuma ya tilasta masa barin tafiyar da ya yi a Vienna, ya tayar da kewayen Prague a ranar 20 ga watan Yuni, ya koma Litoměřice.Austriya, da sojojin 48,000 da ke Prague suka ƙarfafa su, sun bi su, 100,000 masu ƙarfi, kuma, sun faɗo a kan Yarima August Wilhelm na Prussia, wanda ke ja da baya (saboda commissariat dalilai) a Zittau, ya yi masa mummunan bincike.Sarkin ya ja da baya daga Bohemia zuwa Saxony.
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1757 Jun 23

Yakin Shekara Bakwai a Indiya

Palashi, West Bengal, India
William Pitt the Elder, wanda ya shiga majalisar ministoci a shekara ta 1756, yana da kyakkyawan hangen nesa game da yakin da ya sa ya bambanta da yaƙe-yaƙe na baya da Faransa.A matsayinsa na firaminista, Pitt ya sadaukar da Biritaniya kan wata babbar dabara ta kwace dukkan Daular Faransa, musamman dukiyoyinta a Arewacin Amurka da Indiya.Babban makamin Biritaniya shi ne Rundunar Sojin Ruwa ta Sarauta, wacce za ta iya sarrafa tekuna da kuma kawo yawan sojojin mamayewa kamar yadda ake bukata.A Indiya, barkewar yakin shekaru Bakwai a Turai ya sake sabunta doguwar rikici tsakanin Faransawa da kamfanonin kasuwanci na Burtaniya don yin tasiri a yankin.Faransawa sun haɗa kansu da daular Mughal don tsayayya da faɗaɗa Birtaniyya.Yakin ya fara ne a Kudancin Indiya amma ya bazu zuwa Bengal, inda sojojin Burtaniya karkashin Robert Clive suka kwato Calcutta daga hannun Nawab Siraj ud-Daulah, abokin Faransa, suka kore shi daga karagar mulki a yakin Plassey a 1757.An yi la'akari da cewa yana daya daga cikin manyan fadace-fadacen da ake yi a yankin na Indiya da turawan mulkin mallaka suka yi.Yanzu haka Birtaniyya ta yi tasiri mai yawa akan Nawab, Mir Jafar kuma saboda haka sun sami rangwame mai yawa don asara da kudaden shiga daga kasuwanci.Turawan Ingila sun kara amfani da wannan kudaden shiga wajen kara karfin soji da kuma fatattakar sauran kasashen turai masu mulkin mallaka irin su Holland da Faransa daga kudancin Asiya, ta haka ne suka fadada daular Ingila.A cikin wannan shekarar, Birtaniya sun kuma kama Chandernagar, mazaunin Faransa a Bengal.
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Yaƙin Hastenbeck
Yaƙin Hastenbeck ©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1757 Jul 26

Yaƙin Hastenbeck

Hastenbeck, Hamelin, Germany
A ƙarshen Yuli, Cumberland ya yi imanin sojojinsa sun shirya don yaƙi kuma sun ɗauki matsayin tsaro a kusa da ƙauyen Hastenbeck.Faransawa sun yi nasara a kansa a wurin, amma yayin da Cumberland ya ja da baya, karfinsa ya fara wargajewa yayin da hankali ya rushe.Duk da nasarar da ya samu, an maye gurbin d'Estrées a matsayin kwamandan sojojin Faransa da Duc de Richelieu, wanda kwanan nan ya bambanta kansa a jagorancin sojojin Faransa da suka kama Minorca.Umurnin Richelieu sun biyo bayan dabarar da aka fara amfani da su na daukar daukacin ikon Hanover, sannan ya juya yamma don ba da taimako ga Austrians da ke kaiwa Prussia hari.Sojojin Cumberland sun ci gaba da janyewa zuwa arewa.An rage jinkirin neman Faransanci ta hanyar ƙarin matsaloli tare da kayayyaki, amma sun ci gaba da ci gaba da bin Rundunar Sojan Sa ido.A kokarin da ake yi na haifar da karkatacciyar hanya da kuma ba da dan agaji ga Cumberland, Burtaniya ta shirya wani balaguro zuwa garin Rochefort da ke gabar tekun Faransa - tare da fatan barazanar ba zato ba tsammani za ta tilastawa Faransa janye sojoji daga Jamus don kare gabar tekun Faransa daga ci gaba da kai hare-hare. .A karkashin Richelieu Faransawa sun ci gaba da tuki, inda suka dauki Minden sannan suka kwace birnin Hanover a ranar 11 ga Agusta.
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Taron Klosterzeven
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1757 Sep 10

Taron Klosterzeven

Zeven, Germany
Frederick V King na Denmark ya zama wajibi ta yarjejeniya don aika dakaru don kare Duchies na Bremen da Verden, dukansu sun yi mulki a cikin haɗin kai tare da Birtaniya da Hanover, idan wani ikon kasashen waje ya yi musu barazana.Da yake yana da sha'awar kiyaye tsaka-tsakin kasarsa, ya yi yunkurin kulla yarjejeniya tsakanin kwamandojin biyu.Richelieu, bai yarda cewa sojojinsa suna cikin kowane yanayi don kaiwa Klosterzeven hari ba, ya yarda da shawarar kamar yadda Cumberland ya kasance wanda ba shi da kwarin gwiwa game da makomarsa.A ranar 10 ga Satumba a Klosterzeven Birtaniya da Faransa sun rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar Klosterzeven wanda ya tabbatar da kawo karshen tashe-tashen hankula kuma ya kai ga janyewar Hanover daga yakin da mamayar sojojin Faransa.Yarjejeniyar ba ta da farin jini sosai ga abokiyar kawancen Hanover ta Prussia, wadda yarjejeniyar ta yi rauni sosai a kan iyakar yammacinta.Bayan nasarar Prussian a Rossbach a ranar 5 ga Nuwamba 1757, an ƙarfafa Sarki George II ya ƙi amincewa da yarjejeniyar.Karkashin matsin lamba daga Frederick the Great da William Pitt, daga baya aka soke taron kuma Hanover ta sake shiga yakin a shekara mai zuwa.An maye gurbin Duke na Cumberland a matsayin kwamandan Duke Ferdinand na Brunswick.
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Yakin Pomeranian
©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1757 Sep 13 - 1762 May 22

Yakin Pomeranian

Stralsund, Germany
Nasarar da Frederick ya samu a fagen fama ya sa al'ummomi masu damawa cikin yakin.Sweden ta ayyana yaki a kan Prussia kuma ta mamaye Pomerania tare da maza 17,000.Sweden ta ji wannan ƙananan sojojin shine kawai abin da ake buƙata don mamaye Pomerania kuma yana jin cewa sojojin Sweden ba za su buƙaci shiga tare da Prussians ba saboda Prussians sun shagaltar da su a wasu bangarori da yawa.Yakin Pomeranian ya kasance da motsi na baya-bayan nan na sojojin Sweden da na Prussian, wanda babu wanda zai ci nasara mai mahimmanci.Ya fara ne lokacin da sojojin Sweden suka shiga cikin yankin Prussian a cikin 1757, amma an kori su kuma sun tare su a Stralsund har sai da sojojin Rasha suka ba da taimako a cikin 1758. A cikin waɗannan lokuta, sabon kutse na Sweden zuwa cikin yankin Prussian, an lalata kananan jiragen ruwa na Prussian kuma an lalata su. yankunan kudu kamar yadda Neuruppin ya mamaye, duk da haka an dakatar da yakin a ƙarshen 1759 lokacin da sojojin Sweden da ba su da wadata ba su yi nasara ba wajen ɗaukar babban sansanin Prussian na Stettin (yanzu Szczecin) ko kuma tare da abokansu na Rasha.Wani harin Prussian na Pomerania na Yaren mutanen Sweden a cikin Janairu 1760 ya kori, kuma a cikin shekarar sojojin Sweden sun sake ci gaba zuwa yankin Prussian har zuwa kudu kamar Prenzlau kafin su sake komawa zuwa Pomerania na Sweden a cikin hunturu.Wani yaƙin neman zaɓe na Sweden zuwa Prussia ya fara ne a lokacin rani na 1761, amma ba da daɗewa ba aka soke shi saboda ƙarancin kayayyaki da kayan aiki.A karshe gamuwa da yaki ya faru a cikin hunturu na 1761/62 a kusa da Malchin da Neukalen a Mecklenburg, kawai a fadin Sweden Pomeranian iyaka, kafin jam'iyyun amince a kan Truce na Ribnitz a kan 7 Afrilu 1762. Lokacin a kan 5 May a Russo- Ƙungiyoyin Prussian sun kawar da begen Sweden na taimakon Rasha na gaba, kuma a maimakon haka ya haifar da barazanar shiga tsakani na Rasha a bangaren Prussian, Sweden ta tilasta yin sulhu.An kawo karshen yakin a ranar 22 ga Mayu 1762 ta Amincin Hamburg tsakanin Prussia, Mecklenburg da Sweden.
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Prussia arziki canje-canje
Frederick the Great da ma'aikata a Leuthen ©Hugo Ungewitter
1757 Nov 1

Prussia arziki canje-canje

Roßbach, Germany
Al'amura sun yi matukar baci ga Prussia a yanzu, tare da 'yan Austriya suna yin gangami don kai hari kan ƙasan da ke ƙarƙashin ikon Prussian da haɗin gwiwar sojojin Faransa da na Reichsarmee a ƙarƙashin Yarima Soubise suna gabatowa daga yamma.Reichsarmee tarin sojoji ne daga ƙananan jihohin Jamus waɗanda suka haɗa kai don yin biyayya ga roƙon Sarkin Roma Mai Tsarki Franz I na Austriya akan Frederick.Duk da haka, a cikin Nuwamba da Disamba 1757, dukan halin da ake ciki a Jamus ya koma.Da farko, Frederick ya lalata sojojin Soubise a yakin Rossbach a ranar 5 ga Nuwamba 1757 sannan kuma ya fatattaki manyan sojojin Austrian a yakin Leuthen a ranar 5 ga Disamba 1757.Tare da waɗannan nasarorin, Frederick ya sake kafa kansa a matsayin babban janar na Turai da mutanensa a matsayin ƙwararrun sojoji na Turai.Duk da haka, Frederick ya rasa damar da za ta lalata sojojin Austria gaba daya a Leuthen;ko da yake ta ƙare, ta koma cikin Bohemia.Ya yi fatan nasarar da aka samu guda biyu za ta kawo wa Maria Theresa kan teburin sulhu, amma ta kuduri aniyar ba za ta tattauna ba har sai ta sake kwace Silesia.Maria Theresa ta kuma inganta umarnin Australiya bayan Leuthen ta hanyar maye gurbin surukinta da bai cancanta ba, Charles na Lorraine, tare da von Daun, wanda a yanzu ya zama marshal.
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1757 Nov 5

Prussian ya murkushe Faransanci a Rossbach

Roßbach, Germany
Yaƙin Rossbach ya nuna alamar sauyi a cikin Yaƙin Shekaru Bakwai, ba wai kawai don nasarar Prussian mai ban mamaki ba, amma saboda Faransa ta ƙi sake tura sojoji a kan Prussia da Biritaniya, tare da lura da nasarar sojan Prussia, ta ƙara tallafin kuɗi ga Frederick.Rossbach shi ne kawai yaƙi tsakanin Faransawa da Prussian a duk lokacin yaƙin.Ana ɗaukar Rossbach ɗaya daga cikin manyan dabarun dabarun Frederick.Ya gurgunta sojojin abokan gaba da suka kai girman sojojin Prussian sau biyu yayin da yake fama da mummunan rauni.Har ila yau makamin nasa ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin nasarar, bisa ga ikonsa na mayar da kansa cikin hanzari wajen mayar da martani ga sauyin yanayi a fagen fama.A ƙarshe, sojojin dawakan nasa sun ba da gudummawa sosai ga sakamakon yaƙin, tare da tabbatar da saka hannun jarin da ya yi don horar da su a tsawon shekaru takwas tsakanin ƙarshen yakin nadin sarautar Austria da barkewar yakin shekaru bakwai.
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Blockade na Stralsund
©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1757 Dec 1 - 1758 Jun

Blockade na Stralsund

Stralsund, Germany
Sweden ta shiga yakin shekaru Bakwai a 1757, inda ta hade da Faransa, Rasha, Ostiriya da Saxony a cikin kawancen da suka yi da Prussians.A lokacin kaka 1757, tare da sojojin Prussian da aka ɗaure a wasu wurare, Swedes sun iya matsawa kudu kuma sun mamaye babban yanki na Pomerania.Bayan komowar da Rashawa suka yi daga Gabashin Prussia, bayan Yaƙin Gross-Jägersdorf, Frederick the Great ya umarci Janar Hans von Lehwaldt ya ƙaura zuwa yamma zuwa Stettin don fuskantar Swedes.Sojojin Prussian sun tabbatar da cewa sun kasance mafi kyawun kayan aiki da horarwa fiye da Swedes, kuma nan da nan sun sami damar tura su zuwa Pomerania na Sweden.Prussians sun matsa zuwa gida, suna ɗaukar Anklam da Demmin.An bar ’yan Sweden a sansanin Stralsund da kuma tsibirin Rügen.Kamar yadda Stralsund bai kusa mika wuya ba ya bayyana cewa Prussians na buƙatar tallafin ruwa idan za su tilasta shi ya ba da gudummawa.Dangane da wannan Frederick ya sha neman cewa abokansa na Burtaniya su aika da jirgin ruwa zuwa Tekun Baltic.Tsananin shiga cikin rikici da Sweden da Rasha, waɗanda ba su da yaƙi, Burtaniya ta ƙi.Sun ba da hujjar shawararsu ta hanyar bayyana jiragensu da ake buƙata a wani wuri.Rashin nasarar Frederick don samun tallafin jiragen ruwa daga Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ya kasance babban abin da ya haifar da gazawar Prussians don ɗaukar Stralsund.
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Hanoverian counter-attack
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1757 Dec 1

Hanoverian counter-attack

Emden, Germany
Bayan nasarar Frederick the Great akan Faransawa a Rossbach, George II na Burtaniya, bisa shawarar ministocinsa na Burtaniya bayan yakin Rossbach, ya soke yarjejeniyar Klosterzeven, kuma Hanover ta sake shiga yakin.Ferdinand na Brunswick ya kaddamar da yakin hunturu - dabarar da ba a saba gani ba a lokacin - kan 'yan mamaya na Faransa.Yanayin sojojin Faransa ya tabarbare ta wannan lokaci kuma Richelieu ya fara janyewa maimakon fuskantar babban yaki.Ba da daɗewa ba ya yi murabus daga mukaminsa kuma Louis, Count of Clermont ya maye gurbinsa.Clermont ya rubuta wa Louis XV yana kwatanta rashin kyawun yanayin sojojinsa, wanda ya yi iƙirarin cewa sun ƙunshi masu fashi da makami.Ana zargin Richelieu da laifuka daban-daban da suka hada da satar albashin sojojin sa.Harin da Ferdinand ya yi ya ga sojojin Allied sun sake kwace tashar jiragen ruwa na Emden suka kori Faransawa zuwa kogin Rhine domin a lokacin bazara Hanover ya sami 'yanci.Duk da cewa Faransawa sun yi kusa da burinsu na samun nasara a Turai a ƙarshen 1757 - farkon 1758 sun fara bayyana sauyi a cikin gabaɗayan arzikin yaƙi yayin da Biritaniya da ƙawayenta suka fara samun ƙarin nasara a duniya.
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1757 Dec 5

Babban nasara Frederick the Great

Lutynia, Środa Śląska County,
Frederick the Great's Prussian Army, ta yin amfani da yaƙe-yaƙe da ƙasa, ya mamaye babban ƙarfin Austrian gaba ɗaya.Nasarar ta tabbatar da ikon Prussian na Silesia a lokacin Yaƙin Silesian na Uku, wanda wani ɓangare ne na Yaƙin Shekaru Bakwai.Ta hanyar yin amfani da horar da sojojinsa da kuma iliminsa mafi girma game da filin, Frederick ya haifar da juzu'i a wani ƙarshen fagen fama kuma ya motsa yawancin ƙananan sojojinsa a bayan jerin ƙananan tudu.Hare-haren ba zato ba tsammani a gefen Ostiriya da ba a san ko su wanene ba ya ba Yarima Charles mamaki, wanda ya dauki sa'o'i da yawa kafin ya gane cewa babban abin da ya yi a hagunsa ne, ba damansa ba.A cikin sa'o'i bakwai, Prussians sun hallaka Austrians kuma sun shafe duk wata fa'ida da Austrians suka samu a duk lokacin yakin a lokacin rani da kaka da suka gabata.A cikin sa'o'i 48, Frederick ya kewaye Breslau, wanda ya haifar da mika wuya ga birnin a ranar 19-20 ga Disamba.Yaƙin kuma ya kafa ba tare da shakkar sunan sojan Frederick a cikin da'irar Turai ba kuma za'a iya cewa shine nasara mafi girma na dabara.Bayan yakin Rossbach a ranar 5 ga Nuwamba, Faransawa sun ƙi shiga cikin yakin Austria da Prussia, kuma bayan Leuthen (5 Disamba), Austria ba za ta iya ci gaba da yakin da kanta ba.
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1758 - 1760
Rikicin Duniya da Ƙungiyoyin Canjiornament
Hanover ya kori Faransanci a bayan Rhine
©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1758 Apr 1

Hanover ya kori Faransanci a bayan Rhine

Krefeld, Germany
A cikin Afrilu 1758, Birtaniya sun kammala Yarjejeniyar Anglo-Prussian tare da Frederick inda suka kuduri aniyar biya shi tallafin shekara-shekara na £ 670,000.Birtaniya ta kuma aike da dakaru 9,000 don karfafa sojojin Hanoverian na Ferdinand, matakin farko na sojojin Birtaniya a nahiyar da kuma koma baya a manufofin Pitt.Sojojin Hanoverian na Ferdinand, wadanda wasu sojojin Prussian suka kara masa, sun yi nasarar korar Faransawa daga Hanover da Westphalia kuma sun sake kwace tashar jiragen ruwa na Emden a watan Maris na 1758 kafin su tsallaka Rhine tare da sojojinsa, wanda ya haifar da tashin hankali a Faransa.Duk da nasarar da Ferdinand ya samu a kan Faransawa a yakin Krefeld da kuma taƙaitaccen aikin Düsseldorf, nasarar da manyan sojojin Faransa suka yi ya tilasta shi ya janye a fadin Rhine.
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Prussian mamayewa na Moravia
©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1758 Jun 30

Prussian mamayewa na Moravia

Domašov, Czechia
A farkon 1758, Frederick ya kaddamar da mamaye Moravia kuma ya kewaye Olmütz (yanzu Olomouc, Jamhuriyar Czech).Bayan nasarar da Ostiriya ta samu a yakin Domstadtl wanda ya kawar da ayarin motocin da aka nufa don zuwa Olmütz, Frederick ya karya kewayen ya janye daga Moravia.Hakan ya kawo karshen yunƙurinsa na ƙarshe na ƙaddamar da wani gagarumin farmaki a yankin Austriya.
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1758 Aug 25

Tashin hankali a Zorndorf

Sarbinowo, Poland
A wannan lokacin Frederick ya ƙara damuwa da ci gaban Rasha daga gabas kuma ya yi tafiya don yaƙar ta.A gabashin Oder a Brandenburg-Neumark, a yakin Zorndorf (yanzu Sarbinowo, Poland), sojojin Prussian na mutane 35,000 karkashin Frederick a ranar 25 ga Agusta 1758, sun yi yaƙi da sojojin Rasha na 43,000 wanda Count William Fermor ya umarta.Bangarorin biyu sun sha wahala sosai—Prussiyawa 12,800, Rashawa 18,000—amma ‘yan Rasha sun janye, kuma Frederick ya yi ikirarin nasara.
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Hare-haren da Birtaniyya ta yi a gabar tekun Faransa ba ta yi nasara ba
Wani jirgin ruwa mai saukar ungulu ya nutse yayin da Burtaniya ke ja da baya ©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1758 Sep 11

Hare-haren da Birtaniyya ta yi a gabar tekun Faransa ba ta yi nasara ba

Saint-Cast-le-Guildo, France
Yaƙin Saint Cast wani yaƙin soji ne a lokacin Yaƙin Shekaru Bakwai a gabar tekun Faransa tsakanin sojojin ruwa na Biritaniya da sojojin balaguro na ƙasa da dakarun tsaron gabar tekun Faransa.An yi yaƙi a ranar 11 ga Satumba 1758, Faransa ta ci nasara.A lokacin Yaƙin Shekaru Bakwai, Biritaniya ta kai hare-hare masu yawa a kan Faransa da Faransawa a duniya.A cikin 1758 an yi balaguro da yawa, wanda ake kira Descents, a kan gabar tekun arewacin Faransa.Makasudin soji na zuriyar shine kamawa da lalata tashar jiragen ruwa na Faransa, karkatar da sojojin ƙasa na Faransa daga Jamus, da murkushe masu zaman kansu da ke aiki daga gabar tekun Faransa.Yaƙin Saint Cast shine yaƙin ƙarshe na zuriya mai ƙarfi wanda ya ƙare da nasarar Faransa.Yayin da turawan ingila suka ci gaba da kai irin wannan balaguron a kan yankunan Faransa da kuma tsibiran da ba su iya kaiwa ga sojojin kasa na Faransa, wannan shi ne yunkuri na karshe na wani balaguro mai karfin gaske da ya kai gabar tekun Faransa a lokacin yakin shekaru bakwai.Fiasco na hambarar daga Saint Cast ya taimaka wajen shawo kan Firayim Ministan Burtaniya Pitt don aika taimakon soja da sojoji maimakon su yi yaki tare da Ferdinand da Frederick the Great a nahiyar Turai.Mummunan yuwuwar wani bala'i da kashe-kashen balaguron balaguron wannan girman an yi la'akari da ya zarce ribar ɗan lokaci na hare-haren.
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Yaƙin Tornow
©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1758 Sep 26

Yaƙin Tornow

Tornow, Teupitz, Germany
Prussians sun aika maza 6,000, karkashin jagorancin Janar Carl Heinrich von Wedel, don kare Berlin.Wedel ya kai hari da mugun nufi kuma ya umurci sojojin dawakansa su kai hari ga sojojin Sweden na kimanin mutane 600 a Tornow.Swedes sun yi ƙarfin hali sun yi yaƙi da hare-hare shida, amma yawancin sojojin dawakai na Sweden sun ɓace, kuma sojojin Sweden dole ne su ja da baya a gaban sojojin Prussian masu ƙarfi.
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Yaƙin Fehrbellin
©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1758 Sep 28

Yaƙin Fehrbellin

Fehrbellin, Germany
Sojojin Prussian karkashin Janar Carl Heinrich von Wedel suna ƙoƙarin dakatar da harin Sweden zuwa Brandenburg.Sojojin Sweden sun rike garin, tare da bindiga daya a kowace kofofin uku.Prussians sun fara isowa kuma sun yi nasarar kutsawa a ƙofar yammacin (Mühlenthor), suna korar 'yan Sweden da ba su da yawa a cikin rudani a cikin tituna.Duk da haka, ƙarfafawa sun isa, kuma Prussians, waɗanda suka kasa ƙone gadar, an tilasta musu ja da baya.'Yan kasar Sweden sun rasa jami'ai 23 da kuma masu zaman kansu 322 a yakin.Raunin Prussian yana da mahimmanci;An bayar da rahoton cewa, mutanen Prussian sun tafi da motoci 15 dauke da matattun sojoji da suka jikkata a lokacin da suka ja da baya.
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Rashawa sun dauki Gabashin Prussia
Kame sansanin Prussian na Kolberg a ranar 16 ga Disamba 1761 (Yaƙin Silesian na Uku / Yaƙin Shekaru Bakwai) da sojojin Rasha suka yi. ©Alexander von Kotzebue
1758 Oct 4 - Nov 1

Rashawa sun dauki Gabashin Prussia

Kolberg, Poland
A lokacin Yaƙin Shekaru Bakwai, sojojin Rasha sun kewaye garin Kolberg da ke hannun Prussian a Brandenburg-Prussian Pomerania (yanzu Kołobrzeg) sau uku.Siege biyu na farko, a ƙarshen 1758 kuma daga 26 ga Agusta zuwa 18 ga Satumba 1760, ba su yi nasara ba.An yi wa yaƙin karshe da nasara daga Agusta zuwa Disamba 1761. A cikin 1760 da 1761, sojojin Rasha sun sami goyon bayan sojojin Sweden. , yayin da a lokaci guda sojojin Rasha sun sami damar ɗaukar wuraren hunturu a Pomerania.Amma, sa’ad da Empress Elizabeth ta Rasha ta mutu makonni kaɗan bayan nasarar Rasha, magajinta, Peter III na Rasha, ya yi sulhu kuma ya mayar da Kolberg zuwa Prussia.
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Austrians sun ba da mamaki ga Prussians a Hochkirch
Harin da aka kai kusa da Hochkirch a ranar 14 ga wata ©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1758 Oct 14

Austrians sun ba da mamaki ga Prussians a Hochkirch

Hochkirch, Germany
Yakin yana ci gaba da taka-tsantsan a ranar 14 ga Oktoba, Marshal Daun's Austrians sun ba da mamaki ga babban sojojin Prussian a yakin Hochkirch a Saxony.Frederick ya rasa yawancin makaman nasa amma ya ja baya cikin tsari mai kyau, dazuzzuka masu yawa suka taimaka masa.A ƙarshe 'yan Australiya sun sami ɗan ci gaba a yaƙin neman zaɓe a Saxony duk da Hochkirch kuma sun kasa cimma wani gagarumin ci gaba.Bayan yunkurin da aka yi na daukar Dresden, an tilastawa sojojin Daun janye zuwa yankin Ostiriya don lokacin hunturu, don haka Saxony ya kasance a karkashin mulkin Prussian.A lokaci guda kuma, Rashawa sun kasa a yunƙurin ɗaukar Kolberg a Pomerania (yanzu Kołobrzeg, Poland) daga Prussians.
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Faransa ta kasa daukar Madras
William Draper wanda ya jagoranci masu tsaron Birtaniya a lokacin da aka yi wa kawanya. ©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1758 Dec 1 - 1759 Feb

Faransa ta kasa daukar Madras

Madras, Tamil Nadu, India
A shekara ta 1757 Biritaniya ta rike hannun sama a Indiya bayan nasarar da Robert Clive ya samu.A cikin 1758, ƙarfafawar Faransanci a ƙarƙashin Lally sun isa Pondicherry kuma sun yi shirin ciyar da Faransa gaba a kan gabar tekun Coromandel, musamman kama Fort St. David.Wannan ya haifar da fargaba ga Birtaniya, yawancin sojojinsu suna tare da Clive a Bengal.Lally ya shirya ya buge Madras a watan Yuni 1758, amma rashin kudi, ya kaddamar da harin da bai yi nasara ba a kan Tanjore yana fatan samun kudaden shiga a can.A lokacin da ya ke shirin kaddamar da harinsa a Madras ne a watan Disamba kafin sojojin Faransa na farko su isa Madras, wanda aka jinkirta da farkon lokacin damina.Hakan ya bai wa Birtaniyya karin lokaci don shirya kariyarsu, da kuma janye matsuguninsu - wanda ya kara karfin rundunar zuwa kusan dakaru 4,000.Bayan shafe makwanni da dama ana ruwan bama-bamai, a karshe dai Faransawa sun fara tinkarar kariyar garin.An lalata babban sansanin, kuma an buɗe wani ɓarna a bangon.Mummunar musayar wuta da aka yi ta lalata da yawa daga cikin Madras, inda akasarin gidajen garin suka kone kurmus.A ranar 30 ga watan Janairu wani jirgin ruwa na Royal Navy ya kai hari kan katanga na Faransa tare da ɗaukar makudan kudade da kuma wani kamfani na ƙarfafawa zuwa Madras.Mahimmanci sun kawo labarin cewa jiragen ruwa na Birtaniya karkashin Admiral George Pocock suna kan hanyarsu daga Calcutta.Lokacin da Lally ya gano wannan labari, sai ya san cewa dole ne ya kaddamar da wani hari ko-ko-ko-ko-ko-ko-ko-ko-ko-ko-ko-ko-ko-ko-ko-ko-ko-ko-ko-ko-ko-ko-ko-ko-ko-ko-ko-ko-ko-ko-ko-ko-ko-ko-ko-ko-ko-ko-ko-ko-ko-ko-ko-ko-ko-ko-ko-ko-ko-ko-ko-ko-ko-ko-ko-ko-ko-ko-ko-ko-ko-ko-ko-ko-ko-ko-ko-ko-ko-ko-ko-na-samu ya kai ga kagara kafin Pocock ya iso.Ya kira majalisar yaki, inda aka amince da kaddamar da mummunan harin bama-bamai a kan bindigogin Birtaniya, don kawar da su daga aiki.A ranar 16 ga Fabrairu, jiragen ruwa na Burtaniya shida dauke da sojoji 600 sun isa Madras.Da yake fuskantar wannan ƙarin barazanar, Lally ya ɗauki matakin gaggawa don kawar da kewayen ya janye kudu.
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Damar da aka rasa ga Rashawa da Austrian
©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1759 Jul 23

Damar da aka rasa ga Rashawa da Austrian

Kije, Lubusz Voivodeship, Pola
A shekara ta 1759, Prussia ta kai matsayi na tsaro a cikin yakin.Bayan barin wuraren hunturu a cikin Afrilu 1759, Frederick ya tara sojojinsa a Lower Silesia;wannan ya tilasta wa babban sojojin Habsburg su ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin shirin lokacin sanyi a Bohemia.'Yan Rasha, duk da haka, sun tura sojojinsu zuwa yammacin Poland kuma suka yi tafiya zuwa yamma zuwa kogin Oder, wani yunkuri da ya yi barazana ga yankin Prussian, Brandenburg, da kuma yiwuwar Berlin kanta.Frederick ya amsa ta hanyar aika rundunar sojojin da Friedrich August von Finck ya umarta don ya ƙunshi Rashawa;ya aika shafi na biyu wanda Christoph II von Dohna ya umarta don tallafawa Finck.Janar Carl Heinrich von Wedel, kwamandan sojojin Prussian na mutane 26,000, ya kai hari ga wani babban sojojin Rasha na 41,000 da Count Pyotr Saltykov ya umarta.Prussiyawa sun rasa maza 6,800–8,300;Rashawa sun yi asarar 4,804.Asarar da aka yi a Kay ta buɗe hanyar zuwa kogin Oder kuma a ranar 28 ga Yuli sojojin Saltykov sun isa Crossen.Bai shiga Prussia ba a wannan lokacin, kodayake, galibi saboda matsalar dangantakarsa da Austrians.Saltykov ko Daun ba su amince da juna ba;Saltykov bai yi magana da Jamusanci ba kuma bai amince da fassarar ba.A ranar 3 ga Agusta, 'yan Rasha sun mamaye birnin Frankfurt, yayin da manyan sojojin suka yi sansani a wajen birnin a gabar gabas, suka fara gina katangar filin, a shirye-shiryen zuwan Frederick daga karshe.A mako mai zuwa, ƙarfafawar Daun sun haɗu da Saltykov a Kunersdorf.
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Ƙarshen barazanar Faransa ga Hanover
Yakin Minden ©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1759 Aug 1

Ƙarshen barazanar Faransa ga Hanover

Minden, Germany
Bayan nasarar Prussian a Rossbach, da kuma matsin lamba daga Frederick the Great da William Pitt, Sarki George II ya yi watsi da yarjejeniyar.A cikin 1758, ƙawancen sun kaddamar da farmaki kan sojojin Faransa da Saxon kuma suka kori su a fadin Rhine.Bayan da kawancen suka kasa cin galaba a kan Faransawa kafin karfafawa su kara kaimi ga sojojin da suka ja da baya, Faransawa sun kaddamar da wani sabon hari, inda suka kwace sansanin Minden a ranar 10 ga Yuli.Gaskanta cewa sojojin Ferdinand za su kasance da yawa, Contades ya watsar da matsayi mai karfi a kusa da Weser kuma ya ci gaba da saduwa da sojojin Allied a yakin.Hukuncin aikin yaƙin ya zo ne a lokacin da runduna shida na Birtaniyya da biyu na sojojin Hanoveriya, cikin jerin gwanon, suka fatattaki hare-haren dawakin Faransa da aka yi;sabanin duk fargabar cewa za a karye tsarin mulkin.Layin Allied ya ci gaba a sakamakon harin da sojojin dawaki suka kai musu, inda suka tura sojojin Faransa suka yi ta ruga daga filin, inda suka kawo karshen duk wani zane-zane na Faransa a kan Hanover na sauran shekara.A Biritaniya, ana bikin nasarar a matsayin gudummawa ga Annus Mirabilis na 1759.
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1759 Aug 12

Yaƙin Kunersdorf

Kunowice, Poland
Yaƙin Kunersdorf ya ƙunshi mutane sama da 100,000.Rundunar Sojojin da Pyotr Saltykov da Ernst Gideon von Laudon suka jagoranta da suka hada da Rashawa 41,000 da 'yan Austriya 18,500 sun yi nasara akan sojojin Frederick the Great na Prussian 50,900.Yankin ya rikitar da dabarun yaki ga bangarorin biyu, amma Rasha da Austria, tun da farko sun isa yankin, sun sami nasarar shawo kan yawancin matsalolinsa ta hanyar karfafa hanyar tsakanin kananan tafkuna biyu.Sun kuma ƙirƙiro mafita ga tsarin muguwar dabi'ar Frederick, tsarin da ya kamata.Ko da yake dakarun Frederick da farko sun samu galaba a yakin, yawan sojojin kawancen ya baiwa Rasha da Austrian dama.Da yamma, lokacin da mayaƙan suka gaji, sabbin sojojin Austrian da aka jefa cikin fafatawar sun sami nasarar nasarar Allied.Wannan shine kawai lokacin a cikin Yaƙin Shekaru Bakwai wanda Sojojin Prussian, a ƙarƙashin umarnin Frederick kai tsaye, suka tarwatse a cikin jama'a marasa horo.Tare da wannan asara, Berlin, mai nisan kilomita 80 (mita 50) kawai, ta kasance a buɗe don kai hari daga Rashawa da Austrian.Duk da haka, Saltykov da Laudon ba su bi diddigin nasarar ba saboda rashin jituwa.
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An hana Faransa mamayar Biritaniya
Rundunar Sojin Ruwan Birtaniyya ta yi galaba a kan jirgin ruwan Bahar Rum na Faransa a yakin Legas ©Richard Paton
1759 Aug 18 - Aug 19

An hana Faransa mamayar Biritaniya

Strait of Gibraltar
Faransawa sun yi shirin mamaye tsibirin Birtaniyya a cikin 1759 ta hanyar tara sojoji kusa da bakin Loire da kuma maida hankali kan jiragen Brest da Toulon.Duk da haka, cin kashi biyu na teku ya hana hakan.A watan Agusta, jiragen ruwa na Bahar Rum karkashin Jean-François de La Clue-Sabran sun warwatsa da wasu manyan jiragen ruwa na Burtaniya karkashin Edward Boscawen a yakin Legas.La Clue yana ƙoƙari ya guje wa Boscawen da kawo Rukunin Rukunin Rum na Faransa zuwa Tekun Atlantika, yana guje wa yaƙi idan zai yiwu;Daga nan ya kasance a karkashin umarnin ya yi tafiya zuwa yammacin Indiya.Boscawen yana karkashin umarni ne don hana Faransa fashewa a cikin Tekun Atlantika, da kuma bi da yaki da Faransanci idan sun yi.A yammacin ranar 17 ga watan Agusta ne jiragen ruwan Faransa suka yi nasarar wucewa ta mashigin Gibraltar, amma wani jirgin ruwan Burtaniya ya hango shi jim kadan bayan ya shiga Tekun Atlantika.Jirgin ruwan Burtaniya yana cikin Gibraltar kusa da nan, yana fuskantar babban gyara.Ya bar tashar jiragen ruwa a cikin babban rudani, yawancin jiragen ruwa ba a kammala gyaran su ba, tare da jinkiri da yawa kuma suna tafiya a cikin tawaga ta biyu.Sanin cewa an bi shi, La Clue ya canza shirinsa kuma ya canza hanya;rabin jiragensa sun gaza bin sa cikin duhu, amma turawan Ingila sun yi.A ranar 18 ga wata ne Turawan Burtaniya suka yi arangama da Faransawa kuma an gwabza kazamin fada, inda jiragen ruwa da dama suka yi mummunar barna tare da kama wani jirgin Faransa daya.Birtaniya, wadanda suka zarce ragowar jiragen ruwa shida na Faransa, sun bi su a cikin daren wata na 18-19 ga Agusta, inda wasu jiragen Faransa biyu suka tsere.A ran 19 ga wata ragowar sojojin Faransa sun yi yunkurin fakewa a cikin ruwan Fotigal da ke kusa da Legas, amma Boscawen ya keta wannan matakin, inda ya kama wasu jiragen Faransa guda biyu tare da lalata sauran biyun.
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Yaƙin Frisches Haff
©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1759 Sep 10

Yaƙin Frisches Haff

Szczecin Lagoon
Yakin Frisches Haff ko Yakin Stettiner Haff yaki ne na ruwa tsakanin Sweden da Prussia wanda ya faru a ranar 10 ga Satumba 1759 a zaman wani bangare na yakin shekaru bakwai da ke gudana.Yaƙin ya faru ne a cikin tafkin Szczecin tsakanin Neuwarp da Usedom, kuma an rada masa suna ne bayan wani maɗaukakiyar suna na farko na Lagoon, Frisches Haff, wanda daga baya ke nuni da Lagon Vistula.Sojojin ruwan Sweden da suka kunshi jiragen ruwa 28 da kuma maza 2,250 karkashin Kyaftin Laftanar Carl Rutensparre da Wilhelm von Carpelan sun lalata sojojin Prussian na jiragen ruwa 13 da kuma maza 700 karkashin kyaftin von Köller.Sakamakon yakin shine cewa kananan jiragen ruwa na Prussia a hannunta sun daina wanzuwa.Asarar mulkin sojan ruwa yana nufin ma matsayin Prussian a Usedom da Wollin sun zama marasa ƙarfi kuma sojojin Sweden sun mamaye su.
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Biritaniya ta sami karfin sojan ruwa
Yaƙin Quiberon Bay: Ranar Bayan Richard Wright 1760 ©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1759 Nov 20

Biritaniya ta sami karfin sojan ruwa

Bay of Biscay
Yakin dai shi ne karshen kokarin Birtaniya na kawar da fifikon sojojin ruwan Faransa, wanda zai iya baiwa Faransa damar kai farmakin da suka yi niyyar kaiwa Birtaniya.Wasu jiragen ruwa na Biritaniya na jiragen ruwa 24 na layin karkashin Sir Edward Hawke sun bi sawun jiragen ruwa na Faransa 21 a karkashin Marshal de Conflans.Bayan an gwabza kazamin fada, jiragen ruwa na Burtaniya sun nutse ko kuma suka afkawa jiragen ruwan Faransa guda shida, suka kama daya suka warwatsa sauran, inda suka baiwa rundunar sojojin ruwa ta sarauta daya daga cikin manyan nasarorin da ta samu, tare da kawo karshen barazanar mamayewar Faransa.Yaƙin ya yi nuni da haɓakar Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Sarauta don zama babbar ƙarfin ruwa a duniya, kuma, ga Biritaniya, wani ɓangare ne na Annus Mirabilis na 1759.
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Yaƙin Maxen
Franz Paul Findigg ©Franz Paul Findenigg
1759 Nov 20

Yaƙin Maxen

Maxen, Müglitztal, Germany
Rundunar Prussian na mutane 14,000, wanda Friedrich August von Finck ya jagoranta, an aika da su don yin barazana ga layin sadarwa tsakanin sojojin Austrian a Dresden da Bohemia.Field Marshal Count Daun ya kai hari tare da cin galaba a kan gawarwakin Finck a ranar 20 ga Nuwamba 1759 tare da sojojinsa 40,000.Washegari Finck ya yanke shawarar mika wuya.An rasa dukkanin sojojin Prussian na Finck a yakin, inda suka bar 3,000 da suka mutu da kuma raunana a kasa da kuma 11,000 fursunoni na yaki;ganimar da ta fada hannun ‘yan kasar Austriya kuma sun hada da manyan bindigogi guda 71, tutoci 96 da manyan kekunan alburusai 44.Nasarar ta kashe sojojin Daun 934 ne kacal da suka hada da matattu da jikkata.Nasarar da aka yi a Maxen wani rauni ne ga rugujewar sojojin Prussian, kuma ya fusata Frederick har ya kai ga Janar Finck ya kasance kotun soja kuma aka yanke masa hukuncin shekaru biyu a gidan yari bayan yakin.Duk da haka, Daun ya yanke shawarar cewa ba zai yi amfani da nasarar da aka samu ba ko kadan don ƙoƙarin tayar da hankali kuma ya yi ritaya zuwa wurin hunturu kusa da Dresden, wanda ke nuna ƙarshen yakin na 1759.
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1760 - 1759
Mulkin Biritaniya da Sauyin Diflomasiyaornament
Yakin Landeshut
©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1760 Jun 23

Yakin Landeshut

Kamienna Góra, Poland
Shekara ta 1760 ta kawo ƙarin bala'o'in Prussian.Janar Fouqué ya sha kaye a hannun Austriya a yakin Landeshut.Sojojin Prussian mai mutane 12,000 karkashin Janar Heinrich August de la Motte Fouqué sun yi yaƙi da sojojin Austria fiye da 28,000 a ƙarƙashin Ernst Gideon von Laudon kuma suka sha kashi, tare da raunata kwamandansu kuma aka kama su fursuna.Prussians sun yi yaƙi da ƙuduri, suna mika wuya bayan sun ƙare da harsashi.
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Birtaniya da Hanoverians sun kare Westphalia
©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1760 Jul 31

Birtaniya da Hanoverians sun kare Westphalia

Warburg, Germany
Yakin Warburg nasara ce ga Hanoverians da Birtaniyya a kan wani babban sojan Faransa.Nasarar na nufin kawancen Anglo-Jamus sun yi nasarar kare Westphalia daga Faransa ta hanyar hana tsallakawa kogin Diemel, amma an tilasta musu yin watsi da kawancen jihar Hesse-Kassel zuwa kudu.Garin Kassel a ƙarshe ya faɗi, kuma zai kasance a hannun Faransa har zuwa watanni na ƙarshe na yaƙin, lokacin da ƙawancen Anglo-Jamus suka sake kwace shi a ƙarshen 1762.
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Yaƙin Liegnitz
©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1760 Aug 15

Yaƙin Liegnitz

Liegnitz, Poland
Yakin Liegnitz a ranar 15 ga Agusta 1760 ya ga Frederick the Great's Prussian Army ya yi nasara akan sojojin Austria karkashin Ernst von Laudon duk da cewa sun fi uku zuwa daya.Sojojin sun yi karo da juna a kusa da garin Liegnitz (yanzu Legnica, Poland) a karamar hukumar Silesia.Sojojin dawakin Australiya na Laudon sun kai hari a matsayin Prussian da sanyin safiya amma Janar Zieten's Hussars ya buge su.Duel din bindigu ya fito wanda a karshe aka ci nasara ga Prussians lokacin da harsashi ya bugi keken foda na Austrian.Sojojin Ostiriya sun ci gaba da kai hari kan layin Prussian, amma sun hadu da manyan bindigogi.Wani hari na Prussian na Prussian wanda Regiment Anhalt-Bernburg ya jagoranta a hagu ya tilasta wa Austrian komawa baya.Musamman ma, Anhalt-Bernburgers sun tuhumi sojan doki na Austriya da bayonets, wani misali da ba kasafai ba na kai farmakin sojan doki.Ba da dadewa ba bayan wayewar gari babban aikin ya ƙare amma gobarar manyan bindigogi na Prussian ta ci gaba da tursasa Austrian.Janar Leopold von Daun ya isa, kuma da sanin yadda Laudon ya sha kashi, ya yanke shawarar ba zai kai hari ba duk da cewa sojojinsa na sabo.
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Siege na Pondicherry
©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1760 Sep 4 - 1761 Jan 15

Siege na Pondicherry

Pondicherry, Puducherry, India
Sifen Pondicherry a 1760-1761, rikici ne a Yaƙin Carnatic na Uku, a zaman wani ɓangare na Yaƙin Shekaru Bakwai na duniya.Tsaye daga 4 ga Satumba 1760 zuwa 15 ga Janairu 1761, sojojin ƙasa na Biritaniya da na ruwa sun yi wa kawanya kuma daga ƙarshe sun tilasta sojojin Faransa da ke kare sansanin mulkin mallaka na Faransa na Pondicherry don mika wuya.Garin yana fama da karancin kayayyaki da alburusai lokacin da kwamandan Faransa Lally ya mika wuya.Ita ce nasara ta uku da Birtaniyya ta samu a yankin da ke karkashin jagorancin Robert Clive.
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Yaƙin Torgau
©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1760 Nov 3

Yaƙin Torgau

Torgau, Germany
Rashawa karkashin Janar Saltykov da Austrian a karkashin Janar Lacy sun mamaye babban birninsa, Berlin, a cikin watan Oktoba na dan lokaci, amma sun kasa rike shi na dogon lokaci.Duk da haka, hasarar Berlin ga Rashawa da Australiya babban rauni ne ga martabar Frederick kamar yadda da yawa suka nuna cewa Prussiyawa ba su da begen mamaye na wani dan lokaci ko kuma St. Petersburg ko Vienna.A cikin Nuwamba 1760 Frederick ya sake samun nasara, inda ya ci Daun mai iko a yakin Torgau, amma ya sha wahala sosai, kuma Austrians sun ja da baya cikin tsari mai kyau.
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Yaƙin Grünberg
©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1761 Mar 21

Yaƙin Grünberg

Grünberg, Hessen, Germany
An gwabza yakin Grünberg tsakanin Faransa da sojojin Prussian da ke kawance da Hanoveriya a yakin shekaru bakwai a kauyen Grünberg, Hesse, kusa da Stangenrod.Faransawa, karkashin jagorancin duc de Broglie, sun yi nasara sosai a kan abokan haɗin gwiwa, sun kama fursunoni dubu da yawa, kuma sun kama matakan soja 18.Rashin haɗin gwiwar ya sa Duke Ferdinand na Brunswick ya ɗaga kewayen Cassel ya ja da baya.
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Yaƙin Villinghausen
©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1761 Jul 15 - Jul 16

Yaƙin Villinghausen

Welver, Germany
A yakin Villinghausen, sojojin karkashin Ferdinand sun fatattaki sojojin Faransa 92,000.Labarin yakin ya haifar da farin ciki a Biritaniya, kuma ya jagoranci William Pitt ya dauki tsauraran matakai a tattaunawar zaman lafiya da Faransa.Duk da shan kashin da Faransawa suka yi har yanzu suna da fifiko sosai a lambobi kuma sun ci gaba da kai farmakin, ko da yake rundunonin biyu sun sake rarrabuwar kawuna suka gudanar da ayyukan kansu.Duk da ƙarin yunƙurin tura dabarun kai hari a Jamus, an kori Faransawa baya kuma sun gama yaƙin a 1762 bayan sun rasa babban matsayi na Cassel.
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'Yan Rasha sun dauki Kolberg
©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1761 Dec 16

'Yan Rasha sun dauki Kolberg

Kołobrzeg, Poland
Dakarun Rasha karkashin Zakhar Chernyshev da Pyotr Rumyantsev sun mamaye Kolberg da ke Pomerania, yayin da 'yan Austria suka kame Schweidnitz.Asarar Kolberg ta kashe Prussia tashar jiragen ruwa ta ƙarshe akan Tekun Baltic.Wata babbar matsala ga Rashawa a duk lokacin yaƙin ita ce raunin dabarunsu, wanda ya hana janar-janar su bibiyar nasarorin da suka samu, kuma a yanzu da faduwar Kolberg, Rashawa za su iya ba da sojojinsu a tsakiyar Turai ta cikin teku.Gaskiyar cewa 'yan Rasha za su iya ba da sojojinsu a kan teku, wanda ya fi sauri da aminci (doki na Prussian ba za su iya shiga jiragen ruwa na Rasha a cikin Baltic ba) fiye da ƙasar da ke barazanar yin amfani da ma'auni na iko a kan Prussia, kamar yadda Frederick zai iya. kada ya bar wani dakaru don kare babban birninsa.A Biritaniya, an yi hasashe cewa gabaɗayan rugujewar Prussian na gabatowa.
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Spain da Portugal sun shiga yakin
Jirgin ruwan Mutanen Espanya da aka kama a Havana ©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1762 Jan 1 - 1763

Spain da Portugal sun shiga yakin

Havana, Cuba
Yawancin Yaƙin Shekaru Bakwai,Spain ta kasance tsaka tsaki, ta ki amincewa da tayi daga Faransawa don shiga yaƙin a gefensu.A lokacin yakin na karshe, duk da haka, tare da karuwar asarar Faransawa ga Birtaniya da ke barin Daular Spain ta zama mai rauni, Sarki Charles III ya nuna aniyarsa ta shiga yakin a gefen Faransa .Wannan ƙawancen ya zama Yarjejeniyar Iyali ta uku tsakanin masarautun Bourbon biyu.Bayan da Charles ya rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniya da Faransa kuma ya kwace jiragen ruwa na Burtaniya tare da korar 'yan kasuwa na Burtaniya, Burtaniya ta shelanta yaki da Spain.A watan Agustan 1762, wani balaguro na Burtaniya ya kama Havana, sannan bayan wata daya ya kama Manila.Asarar manyan biranen mulkin mallaka a yankin yammacin Spain da Indies ta Gabas ta kasance babbar illa ga martabar Spain da kuma ikonta na kare daularta.Tsakanin Mayu da Nuwamba, manyan hare-hare uku na Franco-Spanish na Portugal , kawancen Iberian na Burtaniya na dogon lokaci, an ci su.An tilasta musu janyewa tare da hasarar da Turawan Portugal suka yi (tare da taimakon Birtaniyya).Bisa yarjejeniyar Paris, Spain ta mika Florida da Menorca ga Birtaniyya tare da mayar da yankuna a Portugal da Brazil zuwa Portugal don musanya da Birtaniyya ta mayar da Havana da Manila.A matsayin diyya ga asarar abokansu, Faransawa sun ba da Louisiana ga Spain ta yarjejeniyar Fontainebleau.
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Yaki mai ban mamaki
©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1762 Jan 1 - 1763

Yaki mai ban mamaki

Portugal
Yaƙin Mutanen Espanya-Portuguese tsakanin 1762 zuwa 1763 an yi yaƙi da shi a matsayin wani ɓangare na Yaƙin Shekaru Bakwai.Domin ba a yi manyan yaƙe-yaƙe ba, duk da cewa akwai ƙungiyoyin sojoji da yawa da hasara mai yawa a tsakanin mahara Spain - an sha kashi sosai a ƙarshe - an san yaƙin a cikin tarihin tarihin Portuguese a matsayin Yaƙin Fantastic (Portuguese da Spanish: Guerra Fantástica).
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Rasha ta sauya sheka, ta sasanta da Sweden
Hoton Coronation na Peter III na Rasha -1761 ©Lucas Conrad Pfandzelt
1762 Jan 5

Rasha ta sauya sheka, ta sasanta da Sweden

St Petersburg, Russia
Yanzu dai Biritaniya ta yi barazanar janye tallafin da ta ke bayarwa idan Frederick bai yi la'akari da bayar da rangwame ba don tabbatar da zaman lafiya.Yayin da sojojin Prussian suka ragu zuwa maza 60,000 kawai kuma tare da Berlin kanta game da kewaye, an yi barazana ga rayuwar Prussia da sarkinta.Sa'an nan a ranar 5 ga Janairu 1762 da Rasha Empress Elizabeth rasu.Magajin ta Prussophile, Peter III, nan da nan ya kawo karshen mamayar da Rasha ke yi na Gabashin Prussia da Pomerania kuma ya shiga tsakani a sasanta Frederick da Sweden.Ya kuma sanya gawawwakin sojojinsa a karkashin umarnin Frederick.Daga nan Frederick ya sami damar tattara manyan sojoji, na maza 120,000, ya mai da hankali kan su da Ostiriya.Ya kore su daga yawancin Silesia bayan ya sake kama Schweidnitz, yayin da ɗan'uwansa Henry ya ci nasara a Saxony a Yaƙin Freiberg (29 ga Oktoba 1762).A lokaci guda kuma, abokansa na Brunswick sun kama babban birnin Göttingen kuma sun haɗu da wannan ta hanyar ɗaukar Cassel.
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Yaƙin Wilhelmsthal
©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1762 Jun 24

Yaƙin Wilhelmsthal

Wilhelmsthal, Germany
An yi yakin Wilhelmsthal ne a ranar 24 ga watan Yunin 1762 a lokacin yakin shekaru Bakwai tsakanin sojojin kawancen Birtaniya, Prussia, Hanover, Brunswick da Hesse karkashin jagorancin Duke na Brunswick da Faransa.Har yanzu, Faransawa sun yi barazana ga Hanover, don haka Allies suka zagaya Faransanci, suka kewaye sojojin mamaye, suka tilasta musu ja da baya.Shi ne babban mataki na ƙarshe da sojojin Brunswick suka yi kafin zaman lafiyar Paris ya kawo ƙarshen yaƙin.
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Mamaye na biyu na Portugal
John Burgoyne ©Joshua Reynolds
1762 Aug 27

Mamaye na biyu na Portugal

Valencia de Alcántara, Spain
Kasar Spain da turawan Faransa suka taimaka mata ta kaddamar da mamayar kasar Portugal kuma ta yi nasarar kame Almeida.Zuwan ƙarfafawar Birtaniyya ya dakatar da ci gaba da ci gaban Mutanen Espanya, kuma a yakin Valencia de Alcántara sojojin Burtaniya da Portugal sun mamaye wani babban sansanin samar da kayan Spain.An dakatar da maharan a kan tsaunukan da ke gaban Abrantes (wanda ake kira wucewa zuwa Lisbon) inda Anglo-Portuguese ke da tushe.Daga ƙarshe sojojin Anglo-Portugues, da taimakon 'yan tawaye da kuma aiwatar da dabarun duniya, sun kori sojojin Franco-Spanish da aka rage sosai zuwa Spain, sun dawo da kusan dukkanin garuruwan da suka ɓace, ciki har da hedkwatar Spain a Castelo Branco cike da raunuka da marasa lafiya. an barshi a baya.Sojojin Franco-Spanish (waɗanda ƴan ta'addar suka katse hanyoyin samar da kayayyaki daga Spain) sun kusan halaka su da wata dabarar ƙasƙantacciyar ƙasƙanci.Makiyaya sun yi watsi da duk kauyukan da ke kusa da su, suka tafi da su ko kuma sun lalata amfanin gona da abinci da duk abin da maharan za su iya amfani da su, ciki har da hanyoyi da gidaje.
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Shigar Faransa a cikin yaƙi ya ƙare
©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1762 Sep 15

Shigar Faransa a cikin yaƙi ya ƙare

France
Tsawon tsayin daka da sojojin ruwan Birtaniyya suka yi wa tashar jiragen ruwa na Faransa, ya sa jama'ar Faransa za su yi wa al'ummar Faransa tuwo a kwarya.Morale ya kara raguwa lokacin da labarin shan kashi a yakin Signal Hill a Newfoundland ya isa Paris.Bayan da Rasha ta game-fuska, Sweden ta janye da Prussia ta biyu nasara a kan Ostiriya, Louis XV ya tabbata cewa Austria ba za ta iya sake cinye Silesia ba (yanayin da Faransa za ta karbi Austrian Netherlands ) ba tare da tallafin kudi da kayan aiki ba, wanda Louis ya kasance. baya son bayarwa.Don haka ya yi sulhu da Frederick kuma ya ƙaura daga yankunan Rhineland na Prussia, wanda ya kawo ƙarshen shigar Faransa cikin yaƙi a Jamus .
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Yaƙin Freiberg
Yaƙin Freiberg, Oktoba 29, 1762 ©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1762 Oct 29

Yaƙin Freiberg

Freiberg, Germany

Wannan yakin yana yawan rikicewa da yakin Freiburg, 1644. An yi yakin Freiberg a ranar 29 ga Oktoba 1762 kuma shine babban yakin karshe na yakin Silesian na uku.

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Mamaye na uku na Portugal
©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1762 Nov 9

Mamaye na uku na Portugal

Marvão, Portugal
A lokacin mamaye na uku na Portugal , Mutanen Espanya sun kai hari Marvão da Ouguela amma an ci su da rauni.Abokan hulɗa sun bar wuraren hunturu kuma suka kori Mutanen Espanya da suka koma baya.Sun kama wasu fursunoni, kuma ƙungiyar Portuguese ta shiga Spain ta ɗauki ƙarin fursunoni a La Codosera.A ranar 24 ga Nuwamba, Aranda ya nemi sasantawa wanda Lippe ya yarda kuma ya sanya hannu akan 1 Disamba 1762.
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Yarjejeniyar Paris
©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1763 Feb 10

Yarjejeniyar Paris

Paris, France
An rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar Paris a ranar 10 ga Fabrairun 1763 da masarautun Burtaniya, Faransa daSpain , tare da Portugal a yarjejeniyar, bayan nasarar Burtaniya da Prussia a kan Faransa da Spain a lokacin yakin shekaru bakwai.Rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar ya kawo karshen rikici tsakanin Faransa da Burtaniya kan ikon Arewacin Amurka (Yakin Shekaru Bakwai, wanda aka fi sani da Yaƙin Faransa da Indiya a Amurka ), kuma ya nuna farkon zamanin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya a wajen Turai. .Birtaniya da Faransa sun mayar da yawancin yankunan da suka kama a lokacin yakin, amma Birtaniya ta sami yawancin dukiyar Faransa a Arewacin Amirka.Bugu da ƙari, Biritaniya ta amince ta kare Roman Katolika a Sabuwar Duniya.Yarjejeniyar ba ta shafi Prussia da Ostiriya ba yayin da suka sanya hannu kan wata yarjejeniya ta daban, Yarjejeniyar Hubertusburg, bayan kwanaki biyar.
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Yaƙi ya ƙare a tsakiyar Turai
Hubertusburg game da 1763 ©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1763 Feb 15

Yaƙi ya ƙare a tsakiyar Turai

Hubertusburg, Wermsdorf, Germa
A shekara ta 1763, yakin da aka yi a tsakiyar Turai ya kasance matsala tsakanin Prussia da Austria.Prussia ta sake dawo da kusan dukkanin Silesia daga Austrians bayan nasarar da Frederick ya samu akan Daun a yakin Burkersdorf.Bayan nasarar ɗan'uwansa Henry a 1762 a Yaƙin Freiberg, Frederick ya riƙe mafi yawan Saxony amma ba babban birninta ba, Dresden.Yanayin kuɗinsa bai kasance mai tsanani ba, amma mulkinsa ya lalace kuma sojojinsa sun raunana sosai.Ƙarfin ikonsa ya ragu sosai, kuma ya yi asarar hafsoshi da manyan hafsoshin soja da yawa wanda harin da aka yi wa Dresden ya zama kamar ba zai yiwu ba.Sabon firaministan kasar Lord Bute ya dakatar da tallafin da Birtaniyya ke bayarwa, sannan matarsa ​​Catherine ta hambarar da sarkin kasar Rasha wanda ya kawo karshen kawancen Rasha da Prussia tare da ficewa daga yakin.Ostiriya, duk da haka, kamar yawancin mahalarta taron, tana fuskantar matsanancin matsalar kuɗi kuma dole ne ta rage girman sojojinta, wanda ya shafi ikonta na kai hari sosai.Hakika, bayan ya ci gaba da yaƙi mai tsawo, gwamnatinsa ta kasance cikin rudani.A wancan lokacin, har yanzu tana rike da Dresden, kudu maso gabashin Saxony, da gundumar Glatz a kudancin Silesia, amma fatan samun nasara ya dushe ba tare da goyon bayan Rasha ba, kuma Maria Theresa ta yi watsi da fatanta na sake mamaye Silesia;Kansilanta da mijinta da babban danta duk suna rokonta da ta yi zaman lafiya, yayin da Daun ya hakura ya kai wa Frederick hari.A cikin 1763 an cimma yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya a yarjejeniyar Hubertusburg, inda aka mayar da Glatz zuwa Prussia don musayar ficewar Prussian daga Saxony.Wannan ya kawo karshen yakin tsakiyar Turai.
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1764 Jan 1

Epilogue

Central Europe
Sakamakon Yakin Shekara Bakwai:Yakin shekaru Bakwai ya canza ma'auni na ma'auni tsakanin mayaka a Turai.Ƙarƙashin yarjejeniyar Paris Faransawa sun yi asarar kusan duk iƙirarin ƙasarsu a Arewacin Amirka da muradun kasuwancinsu a Indiya.Biritaniya ta sami Kanada , duk ƙasashen gabas da Mississippi, da Florida.Faransa ta mika Louisiana gaSpain sannan ta kwashe Hanover.A karkashin yarjejeniyar Hubertusburg duk iyakokin masu sa hannun (Prussia, Austria, da Saxony) an mayar da su zuwa matsayinsu na 1748.Frederick ya ci gaba da rike Silesia.Biritaniya ta fito daga yakin duniya mai iko.Prussia da Rasha sun zama manyan iko a Turai.Akasin haka, tasirin Faransa, Austria, daSpain ya ragu sosai.
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Appendices



APPENDIX 1

The Seven Years' War in Europe (1756-1763)


Play button

Characters



Elizabeth of Russia

Elizabeth of Russia

Empress of Russia

Francis I

Francis I

Holy Roman Emperor

Frederick the Great

Frederick the Great

King in Prussia

Shah Alam II

Shah Alam II

17th Emperor of the Mughal Empire

Joseph I of Portugal

Joseph I of Portugal

King of Portugal

Louis XV

Louis XV

King of France

William VIII

William VIII

Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel

George II

George II

King of Great Britain and Ireland

George III

George III

King of Great Britain and of Ireland

Louis Ferdinand

Louis Ferdinand

Dauphin of France

Maria Theresa

Maria Theresa

Hapsburg Ruler

Louis VIII

Louis VIII

Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt

Frederick II

Frederick II

Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel

Peter III of Russia

Peter III of Russia

Emperor of Russia

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