Daular Parthia , babbar iko ta Iran, ta wanzu daga 247 KZ zuwa 224 CE.^[23] Wanda aka kafa ta Arsaces I, ^[24] shugaban kabilar Parni, ^[25] ya fara a Parthia a arewa maso gabashin Iran, da farko satrapy yana tawaye ga daular Seleucid .Daular ta fadada sosai a ƙarƙashin Mithridates I (rc 171 - 132 KZ), wanda ya kama Media da Mesopotamiya daga Seleucids.A matsayi na farko, daular Parthia ta tashi daga tsakiyar gabashin Turkiyya a yau zuwa Afghanistan da yammacin Pakistan .Ita ce cibiyar kasuwanci mai mahimmanci a kan hanyar siliki, wacce ta haɗu da daular Romawa da daular Han ta China .Parthians sun haɗa abubuwa daban-daban na al'adu a cikin daularsu, gami da Farisa, Hellenistic, da tasirin yanki a cikin fasaha, gine-gine, addini, da alamar sarauta.Da farko sun ɗauki al'adun Girkanci, sarakunan Arsacid, waɗanda suka sanya kansu a matsayin "Sarkin Sarakuna," a hankali sun farfado da al'adun Iran.Sabanin gwamnatin tsakiya na Achaemenids, Arsacids sukan yarda da sarakunan gida a matsayin vassals, suna nada 'yan satraps, musamman a wajen Iran.Babban birnin daular daga karshe ya tashi daga Nisa zuwa Ctesiphon, kusa da Bagadaza na zamani.Abokan gaba na Parthia sun haɗa da Seleucids da Scythians.Da aka fadada zuwa yamma, rikici ya taso da Masarautar Armeniya da kuma Jamhuriyar Roma.Parthia da Rome sun nemi tasiri akan Armeniya.Muhimman yaƙe-yaƙe da Romawa sun haɗa da Yaƙin Carrhae a cikin 53 KZ da kuma kama yankunan Levant a cikin 40-39 KZ.Duk da haka, yakin basasa na cikin gida ya haifar da babbar barazana fiye da mamayewar kasashen waje.Daular ta ruguje sa’ad da Ardashir I, mai mulki a Farisa, ya yi tawaye, ya hambarar da sarkin Arsacid na ƙarshe, Artabanus IV, a shekara ta 224 AZ, kuma ya kafa daular Sasaniya .Rubuce-rubucen tarihi na Parthia suna da iyaka idan aka kwatanta da Achaemenid da tushen Sasaniya.An san shi ta hanyar tarihin Hellenanci, Roman, da Sinanci, tarihin Parthia kuma an haɗa shi tare daga allunan cuneiform, rubuce-rubuce, tsabar kudi, da wasu takaddun takarda.Har ila yau, fasaha na Parthia yana ba da haske mai mahimmanci ga al'ummarsu da al'adun su.^[26]