An ayyana Jamhuriyar Sin (ROC) a ranar 1 ga watan Janairun shekarar 1912 bayan juyin juya halin Xinhai, wanda ya hambarar da daular Qing karkashin jagorancin Manchu, wato daular karshe ta sarakunan kasar Sin.A ranar 12 ga watan Fabrairun shekarar 1912, mai martaba sarki Dowager Longyu ya rattaba hannu kan dokar yin murabus a madadin Sarkin Xuantong, wanda ya kawo karshen mulkin Masarautar kasar Sin da dama.Sun Yat-sen, wanda ya kafa kuma shugaban kasar na wucin gadi, ya yi aiki na dan lokaci kadan kafin ya mika ragamar shugabancin ga Yuan Shikai, shugaban sojojin Beiyang.Jam'iyyar Sun, Kuomintang (KMT), karkashin jagorancin Song Jiaoren, ta lashe zaben 'yan majalisar dokoki da aka gudanar a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1912. Sai dai an kashe Song bisa umarnin Yuan jim kadan bayan haka, sojojin Beiyang karkashin jagorancin Yuan sun ci gaba da rike gwamnatin Beiyang gaba daya. , wanda daga nan ne ya shelanta daular kasar Sin a shekarar 1915 kafin ya kawar da sarautar da ba ta dadewa ba sakamakon tashe-tashen hankulan jama'a.Bayan mutuwar Yuan a shekara ta 1916, ikon gwamnatin Beiyang ya kara yin rauni sakamakon dan takaitaccen maido da daular Qing.Gwamnatin da ba ta da karfi ta haifar da wargajewar kasar yayin da wasu 'yan ta'adda a cikin sojojin Beiyang suka yi ikirarin cin gashin kansu tare da yin arangama da juna.Don haka ne zamanin Yaki ya fara: shekaru goma na gwagwarmayar mulki da tsawaita rigingimu.KMT, karkashin jagorancin Sun, sun yi ƙoƙari sau da yawa don kafa gwamnatin ƙasa a Canton.Bayan hawan Canton karo na uku a shekara ta 1923, KMT ta yi nasarar kafa wata gwamnati mai hamayya a shirye-shiryen yakin neman hada kan kasar Sin.A shekara ta 1924 KMT za ta shiga kawance da sabuwar jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta kasar Sin (CCP) a matsayin abin da ake bukata na goyon bayan Soviet.Bayan balaguron arewa ya haifar da haɗe-haɗe a ƙarƙashin Chiang a cikin 1928, shugabannin yaƙi waɗanda ba su da daɗi sun kafa haɗin gwiwar adawa da Chiang.Wadannan shugabannin yakin za su yi yaki da Chiang da abokansa a yakin tsakiya na tsakiya daga 1929 zuwa 1930, a ƙarshe sun yi rashin nasara a mafi girman rikici na zamanin Warlord.Kasar Sin ta samu wasu ci gaban masana'antu a shekarun 1930, amma ta fuskanci koma baya daga rikice-rikice tsakanin gwamnatin 'yan kishin kasa a birnin Nanjing, da jam'iyyar CCP, da sauran shugabannin yaki, da daularJapan , bayan da Japan ta mamaye birnin Manchuria.Ƙoƙarin gina ƙasa ya ba da damar yaƙar Yaƙin Sino-Japan na Biyu a cikin 1937 lokacin da aka gwabza tsakanin Sojojin Juyin Juyin Juya Hali na Ƙasa da Sojojin Japan na Imperial a cikin wani gagarumin mamayar da Japan ta yi.Haƙiƙa tsakanin KMT da CCP sun ɗan kwanta kaɗan, jim kaɗan kafin yaƙin, suka kafa ƙungiyar haɗaka ta biyu don tsayayya da zaluncin Japan har sai da kawancen ya rushe a 1941. Yaƙin ya ci gaba har zuwa mika wuya ga Japan a ƙarshen yakin duniya na biyu a 1945. ;Daga nan ne kasar Sin ta sake samun ikon mallakar tsibirin Taiwan da kuma Pescadores.Ba da dadewa ba, yakin basasar kasar Sin tsakanin KMT da CCP ya sake komawa tare da fadace-fadace, wanda ya kai ga kundin tsarin mulkin kasar Sin na shekarar 1946 ya maye gurbin dokar halitta ta shekarar 1928 a matsayin babbar doka ta jamhuriyar.Shekaru uku bayan haka, wato a shekarar 1949, da yake dab da kawo karshen yakin basasa, jam'iyyar CCP ta kafa jamhuriyar jama'ar kasar Sin a birnin Beijing, inda ROC karkashin jagorancin KMT ta kwashe babban birnin kasar sau da dama daga Nanjing zuwa Guangzhou, sai Chongqing, sannan Chengdu, sannan daga karshe. , Taipei.Jam'iyyar CCP ta samu nasara kuma ta kori gwamnatin KMT da ROC daga babban yankin kasar Sin.Daga baya ROC ya rasa ikon Hainan a shekara ta 1950, da tsibirin Dachen na Zhejiang a 1955. Ya ci gaba da kula da Taiwan da sauran kananan tsibirai.