History of Bulgaria

Jahar Bulgaria ta uku
Sojojin Bulgaria Sun Ketare Iyakar Sabiya-Bulgaria. ©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1878 Jan 1 - 1946

Jahar Bulgaria ta uku

Bulgaria
An sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar San Stefano a ranar 3 ga Maris 1878 kuma ta kafa wata hukuma mai cin gashin kanta ta Bulgaria a kan yankunan daular Bulgaria ta biyu , ciki har da yankunan Moesia, Thrace da Macedonia, kodayake jihar ta kasance mai cin gashin kanta kawai amma de facto tana aiki da kanta. .Duk da haka, ƙoƙarin kiyaye ma'auni na iko a Turai da kuma tsoron kafa wata babbar ƙasa ta abokin ciniki na Rasha a cikin Balkans, sauran manyan kasashe sun ƙi yarda da yarjejeniyar.[36]Sakamakon haka, yerjejeniyar Berlin (1878), karkashin kulawar Otto von Bismarck na Jamus da Benjamin Disraeli na Biritaniya , sun sake yin kwaskwarima ga yarjejeniyar da aka yi a baya, kuma ta sake dawo da tsarin mulkin Bulgaria.Sabon yankin Bulgaria ya kasance mai iyaka tsakanin yankin Danube da Stara Planina, tare da wurin zama a tsohon babban birnin Bulgaria na Veliko Turnovo da kuma ciki har da Sofia.Wannan bita ya bar yawancin al'ummar Bulgeriya a waje da sabuwar ƙasar kuma ya bayyana tsarin soja na Bulgaria game da harkokin waje da kuma shiga cikin yaƙe-yaƙe hudu a farkon rabin farko na karni na 20.[36]Bulgeriya ta fito daga mulkin Turkiyya a matsayin kasa mai fama da talauci, wacce ba ta da ci gaban noma, ba ta da karancin masana'antu ko albarkatun kasa.Galibin filayen mallakar kananan manoma ne, inda manoma ke kunshe da kashi 80% na al’ummar miliyan 3.8 a shekarar 1900. Noma ita ce babbar falsafar siyasa a karkara, yayin da manoma suka shirya wani yunkuri mai cin gashin kansa ba tare da wata jam’iyya da ake da ita ba.A cikin 1899, an kafa ƙungiyar Agrarian Bulgarian, ta haɗa ƙwararrun ƙwararrun karkara kamar malamai tare da ƙwararrun manoma.Ya inganta ayyukan noman zamani, da kuma ilimin firamare.[37]Gwamnati ta inganta zamanantar da jama'a, tare da ba da muhimmanci ta musamman kan gina hanyar sadarwa ta makarantun firamare da sakandare.A shekara ta 1910, akwai makarantun firamare 4,800, lyceums 330, makarantun gaba da sakandare 27, da makarantun koyar da sana’o’i 113.Daga 1878 zuwa 1933, Faransa ta ba da tallafin ɗakunan karatu da yawa, cibiyoyin bincike, da makarantun Katolika a duk ƙasar Bulgaria.A cikin 1888, an kafa jami'a.An canza mata suna zuwa Jami'ar Sofia a 1904, inda bangarorin uku na tarihi da ilimin falsafa, kimiyyar lissafi da lissafi , da doka suka samar da ma'aikatan gwamnati na ofisoshin kasa da na kananan hukumomi.Ta zama cibiyar ilimin Jamus da Rashanci, ilimin falsafa da tauhidi.[38]Shekaru goma na farko na ƙarni sun sami ci gaba mai dorewa, tare da ci gaban birane.Babban birnin Sofia ya girma da kashi 600% - daga mutane 20,000 a 1878 zuwa 120,000 a 1912, musamman daga manoma waɗanda suka zo daga ƙauyuka don zama ma'aikata, 'yan kasuwa da masu neman ofis.'Yan Macedonia sun yi amfani da Bulgaria a matsayin tushe, tun daga 1894, don tayar da 'yancin kai daga Daular Ottoman .Sun kaddamar da wani boren da bai yi nisa ba a shekara ta 1903 wanda aka murkushe shi, kuma ya kai dubun dubatar karin 'yan gudun hijirar da suka kwarara zuwa Bulgaria.[39]
An sabunta ta ƙarsheFri Jan 26 2024

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