Rabuwar Gabashin Pakistan a shekarar 1971 ya sanya al'ummar kasar cikin rudani sosai.Karkashin jagorancin Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, jam'iyyar Pakistan People's Party (PPP) ta kawo lokacin dimokuradiyya mai ra'ayin hagu, tare da manyan tsare-tsare wajen mayar da tattalin arzikin kasa kasa, bunkasar nukiliya a boye, da inganta al'adu.Bhutto, tana magana game da ci gaban nukiliyar Indiya , ta ƙaddamar da aikin bam ɗin nukiliya na Pakistan a cikin 1972, wanda ya haɗa da manyan masana kimiyya kamar Abdus Salam wanda ya lashe kyautar Nobel.Kundin Tsarin Mulki na 1973, wanda aka ƙirƙira tare da goyon bayan Islama, ya ayyana Pakistan a matsayin Jamhuriyar Musulunci, wanda ya ba da umarni cewa duk dokoki sun yi daidai da koyarwar Musulunci.A wannan lokacin, gwamnatin Bhutto ta fuskanci tawaye na kishin kasa a Balochistan, wanda aka danne tare da taimakon Iran .An aiwatar da manyan gyare-gyare, ciki har da sake tsarin soja da fadada tattalin arziki da ilimi.A wani gagarumin yunkuri, Bhutto ta mika wuya ga matsin lamba na addini, wanda ya kai ga ayyana Ahmadis a matsayin wadanda ba musulmi ba.Dangantakar kasa da kasa ta Pakistan ta sauya, tare da kyautata alaka da Tarayyar Soviet , Gabas ta Tsakiya, da Sin , yayin da dangantakar da ke tsakaninta da Amurka ta tabarbare.Wannan lokacin ya ga kafa masana'antar sarrafa karafa ta farko ta Pakistan tare da taimakon Soviet da kuma karfafa kokarin raya makamashin nukiliya bayan gwajin nukiliyar Indiya a 1974.Hanyoyin siyasa sun canza a cikin 1976, tare da kawancen gurguzu na Bhutto da adawa daga masu ra'ayin mazan jiya da masu kishin Islama suna karuwa.Kungiyar Nizam-e-Mustafa ta bullo, inda ta bukaci da a samar da daular Musulunci da kuma gyara al'umma.Bhutto ta mayar da martani ta hanyar hana barasa, wuraren shakatawa na dare, da tseren dawakai a tsakanin musulmi.Zabukan 1977 da jam'iyyar PPP ta lashe, an yi ta fama da zarge-zargen magudi, lamarin da ya haifar da zanga-zanga.Wannan tashin hankalin ya kai ga juyin mulkin Janar Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq wanda ya kifar da gwamnatin Bhutto.Bayan wata shari'a mai rikitarwa, an kashe Bhutto a cikin 1979 saboda ba da izinin kisan kai na siyasa.