A lokacin zamanin Rumawa (wanda ya fara daga 390 AZ), yankin da ya kasance wani yanki na daular Roma ya zama Kiristanci a karkashin mulkin Rumawa. Wannan sauyin ya ci gaba da kwararowar mahajjata Kirista da gina majami'u a wuraren Littafi Mai Tsarki.^[123] .^[124]Al'ummar Yahudawa a Falasdinu sun fuskanci koma baya, inda suka rasa matsayinsu mafi rinjaye a karni na hudu.^{[125 <>]} Ƙuntatawa ga Yahudawa ya ƙaru, ciki har da haramcin gina sababbin wuraren ibada, da rike mukaman gwamnati, da mallakar bayi Kirista.^[126] An rushe shugabancin Yahudawa, ciki har da ofishin Nasi da Majalisar Sanhedrin, a cikin 425, tare da cibiyar Yahudawa a Babila ta yi fice daga baya.^[123]Ƙarni na 5 da na 6 sun ga Samariyawa sun yi tawaye ga mulkin Byzantine, waɗanda aka danne, suna rage tasirin Samariyawa da ƙarfafa ikon Kiristanci.^{[127 <]} > Bayanan tuban Yahudawa da Samariyawa zuwa Kiristanci a wannan lokacin suna da iyaka kuma galibi sun shafi daidaikun mutane maimakon al'ummomi.^[128]A cikin 611, Khosrow II na Sassanid Farisa , da taimakon sojojin Yahudawa, ya mamaye Urushalima kuma ya kama shi.^{[129 <]} > Kamun ya haɗa da kama “Greece ta gaskiya”.An naɗa Nehemiah ben Hushiel gwamnan Urushalima.A cikin 628, bayan yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya da Rumawa, Kavad II ya mayar da Palestine da Giciye na Gaskiya ga Rumawa.Wannan ya kai ga kisan gillar da Heraclius ya yi wa Yahudawa a Galili da Urushalima, wanda kuma ya sabunta dokar hana Yahudawa shiga Urushalima.^[130]