د سعودي عربستان تاریخ

Footnotes

1. Jr, William H. Stiebing (July 1, 2016). Ancient Near Eastern History and Culture. Routledge. ISBN 9781315511153 – via Google Books.
2. Kenneth A. Kitchen The World of "Ancient Arabia" Series. Documentation for Ancient Arabia. Part I. Chronological Framework and Historical Sources p.110.
3. Crawford, Harriet E. W. (1998). Dilmun and its Gulf neighbours. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 5. ISBN 0-521-58348-9
4. Stuart Munro-Hay, Aksum: An African Civilization of Late Antiquity, 1991.
5. Ganie, Mohammad Hafiz. Abu Bakr: The Beloved Of My Beloved. Mohammad Hafiz Ganie. ISBN 9798411225921. Archived from the original on 2023-01-17. Retrieved 2022-03-09.
6. Taylor, Jane (2005). Petra. London: Aurum Press Ltd. pp. 25–31. ISBN 9957-451-04-9.
7. Peters, F. E. (1994). Mecca : a Literary History of the Muslim Holy Land. Princeton: Princeton University Press. pp. 135–136. ISBN 978-1-4008-8736-1. OCLC 978697983.
8. Holland, Tom; In the Shadow of the Sword; Little, Brown; 2012; p. 471.
9. Masjid an-Nabawi at the time of Prophet Muhammad - Madain Project (En). madainproject.com.
10. Jewish Encyclopedia Medina Archived 18 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine.
11. Goldschmidt, Jr., Arthur; Lawrence Davidson (2005). A Concise History of the Middle East (8th ed.), p. 48 ISBN 978-0813342757.
12. Encyclopædia Britannica Online: History of Arabia Archived 3 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 18 January 2011.
13. M. Th. Houtsma (1993). E.J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913–1936. Brill. pp. 441–442. ISBN 978-9004097919. Archived from the original on 6 May 2016. Retrieved 12 June 2013.
14. Goodwin, Jason (2003). Lords of the Horizons: A History of the Ottoman Empire. Macmillan. ISBN 978-0312420666.
15. King Abdul Aziz Information Resource – First Ruler of the House of Saud Archived 14 April 2011 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 20 January 2011.
16. 'Wahhabi', Encyclopædia Britannica Online Archived 30 April 2015 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 20 January 2011.
17. Shazia Farhat (2018). Exploring the Perspectives of the Saudi State's Destruction of Holy Sites: Justifications and Motivations (Master of Liberal Arts thesis). Harvard Extension School.
18. Jerald L. Thompson (December 1981). H. St. John Philby, Ibn Saud and Palestine (MA thesis). University of Kansas. Archived from the original on 24 March 2022.
19. Saudi Embassy (US) Website Archived 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 20 January 2011.
20. Crawford, Michael (2014). "Chapter 8: Wahhabism, Saudi States, and Foreign Powers". Makers of the Muslim World: Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab. London: One World Publishers. pp. 92, 96. ISBN 978-1-78074-589-3.
21. Borisovich Lutsky, Vladimir (1969). "Chapter VI. The Egyptian Conquest of Arabia". Modern History of the Arab Countries. Moscow: Progress Publishers, USSR Academy of Sciences, Institute of the Peoples of Asia. ISBN 0-7147-0110-6.
22. Simons, Geoff (1998). Saudi Arabia: The Shape of a Client Feudalism. London: MacMillian Press. p. 153. ISBN 978-1-349-26728-6. The British in India had welcomed Ibrahim Pasha's siege of Diriyah: if the 'predatory habits' of the Wahhabists could be extirpated from the Arabian peninsula, so much the better for British trade in the region. It was for this reason that Captain George Forster Sadleir, an officer of the British Army in India (HM 47th regiment), was sent from Bombay to consult Ibrahim Pasha in Diriyah.
23. Safran, Nadav. Saudi Arabia: The Ceaseless Quest for Security. Cornell University Press. 2018.
24. Mohamed Zayyan Aljazairi (1968). Diplomatic history of Saudi Arabia, 1903-1960's (PDF) (PhD thesis). University of Arizona. p. 13. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
25. Mohammad Zaid Al Kahtani (December 2004). The Foreign Policy of King Abdulaziz (PhD thesis). University of Leeds.
26. Lawrence Paul Goldrup (1971). Saudi Arabia 1902–1932: The Development of a Wahhabi Society (PhD thesis). University of California, Los Angeles. p. 25. ProQuest 302463650.
27. Current Biography 1943', pp. 330–334.
28. Global Security Archived 25 December 2018 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 19 January 2011.
29. Joshua Teitelbaum. "Saudi Arabia History". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Archived from the original on 19 December 2013. Retrieved 18 January 2013.
30. Schulze, Reinhard, A Modern History of the Islamic World (New York: New York University Press, 2002), p. 69.
31. 'Arabian Sands' by Wilfred Thesiger, 1991, pp. 248–249.
32. Country Data – External boundaries Archived 10 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 19 January 2011.
33. Encyclopædia Britannica Online: History of Arabia Archived 3 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 18 January 2011.
34. Murphy, David The Arab Revolt 1916–1918, London: Osprey, 2008 p. 18.
35. David Murphy, The Arab Revolt 1916–18: Lawrence Sets Arabia Ablaze, Osprey Publishing, 2008.
36. Randall Baker (1979), King Husain and the Kingdom of Hejaz, Cambridge, England. New York: Oleander Press, ISBN 978-0-900891-48-9.
37. Mousa, Suleiman (1978). "A Matter of Principle: King Hussein of the Hijaz and the Arabs of Palestine". International Journal of Middle East Studies. 9 (2): 183–194. doi:10.1017/S0020743800000052, p. 185.
38. Huneidi, Sahar, ed. (2001). A Broken Trust: Sir Herbert Samuel, Zionism and the Palestinians. I.B.Tauris. p. 84. ISBN 978-1-86064-172-5, p.72.
39. Fattouh Al-Khatrash. The Hijaz-Najd War (1924 – 1925).
40. Strohmeier, Martin (3 September 2019). "The exile of Husayn b. Ali, ex-sharif of Mecca and ex-king of the Hijaz, in Cyprus (1925–1930)". Middle Eastern Studies. 55 (5): 733–755. doi:10.1080/00263206.2019.1596895. ISSN 0026-3206.
41. Wilson, Augustus O. (2020). The Middle and Late Jurassic Intrashelf Basin of the Eastern Arabian Peninsula. Geological Society. p. 14. ISBN 9781786205261.
42. "How a Bedouin helped discover first Saudi oil well 80 years ago". saudigazette.com. Saudi Gazette. March 8, 2018. Retrieved October 21, 2023.
43. Kingston, A.J. (2023). "Chapter 1: The Black Gold Rush: Saudi Arabia's Oil Revolution (Early 1900s)". House of Saud: Saudi Arabia's Royal Dynasty. Vol. Book 2: Oil, Power and Influence — House of Saud in the 20th Century (1900s–2000s). A.J. Kingston. ISBN 9781839384820.
44. Kotilaine, Jarmo T. (August 16, 2023). Sustainable Prosperity in the Arab Gulf — From Miracle to Method. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9781000921762.
45. Syed, Muzaffar Husain; Akhtar, Syed Saud; Usmani, B D (14 September 2011). Concise history of Islam. Vij Books India Private Limited. p. 362. ISBN 9789382573470.
46. Coetzee, Salidor Christoffel (2 March 2021). The Eye of the Storm. Singapore: Partridge Publishing. ISBN 978-1543759501.
47. Encyclopædia Britannica Online: "History of Arabia" Archived 2015-05-03 at the Wayback Machine retrieved 18 January 2011.
48. Joshua Teitelbaum. "Saudi Arabia History". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Archived from the original on 2013-12-19. Retrieved 2013-01-18.
49. Mann, Joseph (2 January 2014). "J Mann, "Yemeni Threat to Saudi Arabia's Internal Security, 1962–70." Taylor & Francis Online. Jun 25, 2014". Journal of Arabian Studies. 4 (1): 52–69. doi:10.1080/21534764.2014.918468. S2CID 153667487. Archived from the original on October 1, 2022. Retrieved September 1, 2020.
50. Wright, Lawrence, Looming Tower: Al Qaeda and the Road to 9/11, by Lawrence Wright, NY, Knopf, 2006, p.152.
51. Robert Lacey, The Kingdom: Arabia and the House of Saud (Harcourt, Brace and Jovanovich Publishing: New York, 1981) p. 426.
52. al-Rasheed, Madawi, A History of Saudi Arabia (Cambridge University Press, 2002) ISBN 0-521-64335-X.
53. Jihad in Saudi Arabia: Violence and Pan-Islamism since 1979' by Thomas Hegghammer, 2010, Cambridge Middle East Studies ISBN 978-0-521-73236-9.
54. Cordesman, Anthony H. (2009). Saudi Arabia: national security in a troubled region. Bloomsbury Academic. pp. 50–52. ISBN 978-0-313-38076-1.
55. "Saudi Arabia | The Middle East Channel". Mideast.foreignpolicy.com. Archived from the original on 2013-01-22. Retrieved 2013-01-18.
56. "Accession status: Saudi Arabia". WTO. Archived from the original on 2017-08-14. Retrieved 2013-01-18.
57. "FRONTLINE/WORLD: The Business of Bribes: More on the Al-Yamamah Arms Deal". PBS. 2009-04-07. Archived from the original on 2013-06-07. Retrieved 2013-01-18.
58. David Pallister (2007-05-29). "The arms deal they called the dove: how Britain grasped the biggest prize". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 2017-09-19. Retrieved 2013-01-18.
59. Carey, Glen (2010-09-29). "Saudi Arabia Has Prevented 220 Terrorist Attacks, Saudi Press Agency Says". Bloomberg. Archived from the original on 2013-10-29. Retrieved 2013-01-18.
60. "Saudi deals boosted US arms sales to record $66.3 bln in 2011". Reuters India. 27 August 2012. Archived from the original on 2016-10-27. Retrieved 2016-10-26.
61. "The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Initiatives and Actions to Combat Terrorism" (PDF). May 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 May 2009.
62. "Saudi king announces new benefits". Al Jazeera English. 23 February 2011. Archived from the original on 6 August 2011. Retrieved 23 February 2011.
63. Fisk, Robert (5 May 2011). "Saudis mobilise thousands of troops to quell growing revolt". The Independent. London. Archived from the original on 6 March 2011. Retrieved 3 May 2011.
64. "Saudi Arabia accused of repression after Arab Spring". BBC News. 1 December 2011. Archived from the original on 2018-06-27. Retrieved 2013-01-18.
65. MacFarquhar, Neil (17 June 2011). "Women in Saudi Arabia Drive in Protest of Law". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 7 January 2017. Retrieved 27 February 2017.
66. Dankowitz, Aluma (28 December 2006). "Saudi Writer and Journalist Wajeha Al-Huwaider Fights for Women's Rights". Middle East Media Research Institute. Archived from the original on 16 August 2018. Retrieved 19 June 2011.
67. Fischetti, P (1997). Arab-Americans. Washington: Washington: Educational Extension Systems.
68. "Affairs". Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia. Archived from the original on 2016-07-15. Retrieved 2014-05-16.
69. Mohammad bin Nayef takes leading role in Saudi Arabia Archived 18 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine Gulf News. 17 February 2015. Retrieved 13 March 2015.
70. Bergen, Peter (17 November 2018). "Trump's uncritical embrace of MBS set the stage for Khashoggi crisis". CNN. Archived from the original on 4 November 2018. Retrieved 13 January 2019.
71. "Full text of Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030". Al Arabiya. Saudi Vision 2030. 13 May 2016. Archived from the original on 24 May 2016. Retrieved 23 May 2016.
72. "Saudi Arabia will finally allow women to drive". The Economist. 27 September 2017. Archived from the original on 28 September 2017.