History of Vietnam

Champa
Bas agaji daga Haikalin Bayon wanda ke nuna yanayin yaƙi tsakanin Cham (sanye da kwalkwali) da sojojin Khmer ©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
200 Jan 1 - 1832

Champa

Trà Kiệu, Quảng Nam, Vietnam
Champa tarin 'yan mulkin Cham ne masu zaman kansu da suka mamaye gabar tekun tsakiyar da kudancin Vietnam a yau daga kusan karni na 2 AD har zuwa 1832. Bisa ga nassoshi na farko na tarihi da aka samu a tsoffin madogara, an kafa tsarin mulkin Cham na farko a kusa da Karni na 2 zuwa na 3 AZ, bayan tawaye da Khu Liên ya yi wa mulkin daular Han ta Gabashin kasar Sin, kuma ya dade har zuwa lokacin da sarki Minh Mạng na daular Nguyễn na Vietnamese ya maye gurbin sarautar Champa na karshe na daular Nguyễn ta Vietnam a matsayin wani bangare na fadada Nam Tiến. siyasa.[73] An san masarautar daban-daban da Nagaracampa, Champa a Cham na zamani, da Châmpa a cikin rubutun Khmer , Chiêm Thành a cikin Vietnamese da Zhànchéng a cikin bayanan Sinanci.[74]Farkon Champa ya samo asali ne daga al'adun Austronesian Chamic Sa Huỳnh na teku a bakin tekun Vietnam na zamani.Fitowarsa a ƙarshen karni na 2 AZ yana misalta farkon fasahar fasahar zamani ta kudu maso gabashin Asiya a wani muhimmin mataki na samar da kudu maso gabashin Asiya.Mutanen Champa sun ci gaba da yin tsarin hanyoyin sadarwar kasuwanci mai riba a duk yankin, wanda ya haɗa Tekun Indiya da Gabashin Asiya, har zuwa karni na 17.A Champa, masana tarihi kuma sun shaida farkon wallafe-wallafen kudu maso gabashin Asiya da aka rubuta a cikin yare na asali a kusa da c.350 AZ, kafin farkon Khmer, Mon, rubutun Malay ta ƙarni.[75]Chams na zamani na Vietnam da Cambodia sune manyan ragowar wannan tsohuwar masarauta.Suna magana da yarukan Chamic, dangin Malayo-Polynesia masu alaƙa da yarukan Malayic da Bali-Sasak waɗanda ake magana a cikin tekun kudu maso gabashin Asiya.Ko da yake al'adun Cham yawanci yana haɗuwa tare da faffadan al'adun Champa, masarautar tana da yawan al'ummai dabam-dabam, waɗanda suka ƙunshi al'ummomin Austronesia Chamic waɗanda ke da mafi yawan al'adunta.Mutanen da a da suke zama a yankin su ne mutanen Cham, Rade da Jarai a yau a Kudu da Tsakiyar Vietnam da Cambodia;Acehnese daga Arewacin Sumatra, Indonesia, tare da abubuwan Austroasiatic Bahnaric da mutanen Katuic a tsakiyar Vietnam.[76]Champa ya riga ya kasance a yankin da wata masarauta mai suna Lâm Ấp, ko Linyi, wadda ta wanzu tun 192 AZ;ko da yake dangantakar tarihi tsakanin Linyi da Champa ba ta bayyana ba.Champa ya kai matsayinsa a cikin ƙarni na 9 da 10 AZ.Bayan haka, ya fara raguwa a hankali a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba daga Đại Việt, tsarin mulkin Vietnam na tsakiya a yankin Hanoi na zamani.A cikin 1832, Sarkin Vietnam Minh Mạng ya mamaye sauran yankunan Cham.Addinin Hindu , wanda aka karbe ta hanyar rikice-rikice da mamaye yanki daga makwabciyar Funan a karni na 4 AZ, ya tsara fasaha da al'adun Masarautar Cham tsawon ƙarni, kamar yadda yawancin mutum-mutumi na Cham Hindu suka shaida da haikalin jajayen haikalin da ke cike da shimfidar wuri a cikin ƙasashen Cham.Mỹ Sơn, tsohuwar cibiyar addini, da Hội An, ɗaya daga cikin manyan biranen tashar jiragen ruwa na Champa, yanzu sune wuraren Tarihi na Duniya.A yau, da yawa daga cikin mutanen Cham suna bin addinin Musulunci, musuluntar da ta faro a karni na 10, tare da daular mulki ta karbi cikakken imani a karni na 17;ana kiran su Bani (Ni tục, daga Larabci: Bani).Akwai, duk da haka, Bacam (Bacham, Chiêm tục) waɗanda har yanzu suna riƙe da kiyaye bangaskiyarsu, al'adu, da bukukuwan Hindu.Bacam ɗaya ne daga cikin ƴan Hindu na asali guda biyu da suka tsira a duniya, tare da al'adar da ta shafe shekaru dubbai.Sauran su ne mabiya addinin Hindu na Balinese na Balinese na Indonesia.[73]
An sabunta ta ƙarsheMon Jan 08 2024

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