Lokacin da sarki Mongkut ya hau kan karagar Siamese, jihohin da ke makwabtaka da shi sun yi masa barazana sosai.Turawan mulkin mallaka na Biritaniya da Faransa sun riga sun ci gaba zuwa yankunan da asalinsu na yankin Siamese ne.Mongkut da magajinsa Chulalongkorn (Rama V) sun fahimci wannan halin da ake ciki kuma sun yi ƙoƙari don ƙarfafa dakarun tsaron Siam ta hanyar zamani, don shawo kan nasarorin kimiyya da fasaha na yammacin Turai, don haka kauce wa mulkin mallaka.Sarakunan biyu, wadanda suka yi mulki a wannan zamani, su ne na farko da aka samu Turawa.Sarki Mongkut ya rayu shekaru 26 a matsayin mai yawo kuma daga baya a matsayin abbot na Wat Bowonniwet Vihara.Ba wai kawai ya kware a al'adun gargajiya da ilimin addinin Buddah na Siam ba, har ma ya yi magana sosai kan kimiyyar yammacin zamani, ta hanyar yin amfani da ilimin mishan na turai da wasikunsa da shugabannin yammacin Turai da Paparoma.Shi ne sarkin Siamese na farko da ya fara jin Turanci.Tun a shekara ta 1855, John Bowring, gwamnan Birtaniya a Hong Kong, ya bayyana a cikin wani jirgin ruwan yaki a bakin kogin Chao Phraya.Karkashin tasirin nasarorin da Birtaniyya ta samu a makwabciyarta Burma , Sarki Mongkut ya rattaba hannu kan abin da ake kira "Yarjejeniyar Bowring", wadda ta kawar da mulkin mallaka na cinikin waje na sarauta, da soke ayyukan shigo da kayayyaki, kuma ta bai wa Biritaniya wata magana mai kyau.Yarjejeniyar Bowring na nufin hadewar Siam a cikin tattalin arzikin duniya, amma a lokaci guda, gidan sarauta ya rasa mafi mahimmancin hanyoyin samun kudin shiga.An kulla irin wannan yarjejeniyoyin tare da dukkan ikon yammacin duniya a cikin shekaru masu zuwa, kamar a cikin 1862 da Prussia da 1869 tare da Austria-Hungary.Harkokin diflomasiyya na rayuwa, wanda Siam ya noma a kasashen waje na dogon lokaci, ya kai kololuwar a wannan zamani.^[59]Haɗin kai cikin tattalin arzikin duniya yana nufin Siam cewa ya zama kasuwar tallace-tallace don kayayyakin masana'antu na Yamma da kuma saka hannun jari ga babban birnin Yamma.An fara fitar da albarkatun noma da ma'adinai da suka hada da shinkafa da pewter da itacen teak guda uku, wadanda aka yi amfani da su wajen samar da kashi casa'in cikin dari na kudaden da ake fitarwa zuwa kasashen ketare.Sarki Mongkut ya ba da himma wajen sa kaimi ga fadada filayen noma ta hanyar kara haraji, yayin da gina hanyoyin zirga-zirga (magudanar ruwa, tituna da kuma layin dogo daga baya) da kwararar bakin haure na kasar Sin sun ba da damar raya aikin gona na sabbin yankuna.Noman rayuwa a cikin ƙananan kwarin Menam ya haɓaka zuwa manoma a zahiri suna samun kuɗi da amfanin amfanin gona.^[60]Bayan yakin Franco-Siamese na 1893, Sarki Chulalongkorn ya fahimci barazanar turawan mulkin mallaka na yamma, kuma ya hanzarta yin gyare-gyare a cikin harkokin mulki, soja, tattalin arziki da al'ummar Siam, tare da kammala ci gaban al'umma daga tsarin gargajiya na gargajiya wanda ya dogara da shi. mulkin kai da abin dogaro, wanda yankunan da ke kewayen su ba a kaikaice suke daure su da ikon tsakiya (Sarki) ba, zuwa wata kasa mai ci gaba da mulki a tsakiya mai kafa iyakoki da cibiyoyin siyasa na zamani.A cikin 1904, 1907 da 1909, an sami sabbin gyare-gyaren kan iyaka da ke goyon bayan Faransa da Burtaniya.Lokacin da Sarki Chulalongkorn ya mutu a shekara ta 1910, Siam ya cimma iyakar Thailand ta yau.A cikin 1910 dansa Vajiravudh, wanda ya yi sarauta a matsayin Rama VI ya gaje shi cikin lumana.Ya yi karatu a Royal Military Academy Sandhurst da Jami'ar Oxford kuma ya kasance mutumin kirki Edwardian.Lallai, daya daga cikin matsalolin Siam ita ce tazarar da ke tsakanin gidan sarautar Turawan Yamma da manyan sarakuna da sauran sassan kasar.An ɗauki ƙarin shekaru 20 kafin ilimin Yammacin Turai ya kai ga sauran jami'an gwamnati da sojoji.