Yaƙin neman zaɓe na Mesopotamian, wani ɓangare na gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Gabas ta Tsakiya a Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya , rikici ne tsakanin Ƙungiyoyin Ƙawance (mafi yawan Daular Biritaniya tare da sojoji daga Biritaniya, Ostiraliya, da galibin Birtaniyya Raj) da Ƙarfin Tsakiya, galibi daular Ottoman .^[54] An ƙaddamar da shi a cikin 1914, yaƙin neman zaɓe na da nufin kare rijiyoyin mai na Anglo-Fara a cikin Khuzestan da Shatt al-Arab, daga ƙarshe ya kai ga wata babbar manufa ta kame Bagadaza da kuma karkatar da sojojin Ottoman daga wasu fagagen.An kammala kamfen din ne da Rundunar Sojin Mudros a shekarar 1918, wanda ya kai ga ficewar kasar Iraki da kuma kara raba daular Usmaniyya.Rikicin ya fara ne da wani yanki mai ban mamaki na Anglo-Indiya a Al-Faw, yana tafiya da sauri don tabbatar da Basra da kuma wuraren mai na Burtaniya a Farisa (yanzu Iran ).Kawancen sun sami nasarori da dama a bakin kogin Tigris da Furat, ciki har da kare Basra a yakin Shaiba da harin da Ottoman ya kai musu.Duk da haka, an dakatar da ci gaban Allied a Kut, kudu da Bagadaza, a cikin Disamba 1916. Siege na Kut na gaba ya ƙare da bala'i ga Allies, wanda ya kai ga mummunan cin nasara.^[55]Bayan da aka sake shiryawa, dakarun kawance sun kaddamar da wani sabon farmaki na kwace birnin Bagadaza.Duk da tsayin daka na Ottoman, Baghdad ya fadi a cikin Maris 1917, sannan ya kara da Ottoman nasara har sai da Armistice a Mudros.Ƙarshen Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya da shan kashin da Daular Usmaniyya ta yi a shekara ta 1918 ya haifar da sake fasalin Gabas ta Tsakiya mai tsattsauran ra'ayi.Yarjejeniyar Sèvres a 1920 da yerjejeniyar Lausanne a 1923 sun wargaza daular Ottoman.A Iraki, wannan ya haifar da wani lokaci na wa'adin Birtaniyya, kamar yadda shawarar da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta yanke.Wa'adin da aka wajabta shi ne kafuwar kasar Iraki ta zamani, wacce turawan Ingila suka zana iyakokinta, wadanda suka kunshi kabilu da addinai daban-daban.Umarnin na Burtaniya ya fuskanci ƙalubale, musamman tawayen Iraqi a shekara ta 1920 ga gwamnatin Birtaniya.Wannan ya kai ga taron Alkahira na 1921, inda aka yanke shawarar kafa daular Hashemite karkashin Faisal, wanda Birtaniyya ke da rinjaye a yankin.