A cikin 331 KZ, daular Farisa ta fada hannun Alexander na Makidoniya kuma ya zama wani ɓangare na duniyar Hellenistic a ƙarƙashin Daular Seleucid .Muhimmancin Babila ya ragu tare da kafa Seleucia akan Tigris a matsayin sabuwar babban birnin Seleucid.Daular Seleucid, a kololuwarta, ta miko daga Tekun Aegean zuwa Indiya, wanda ke da muhimmiyar cibiyar al'adun Hellenanci.An yi wa wannan zamani alama da rinjayen al'adun Girka da kuma jiga-jigan siyasa na asalin Girka, musamman a cikin birane.^[44] ’Yan gudun hijira daga Girka ne suka ƙarfafa manyan mutanen Girka a cikin birane.^[44] A tsakiyar karni na 2 KZ, Parthians , karkashin Mithridates I na Parthia, sun ci yawancin yankunan gabashin daular.