Daular Neo-Babila, wacce kuma aka sani da Daular Babila ta biyu ^[37] ko daular Kaldiya, ^[38] ita ce daular Mesopotamiya ta ƙarshe da sarakunan asali suka yi sarauta.^[39] Ya fara da nadin sarautar Nabopolassar a shekara ta 626 KZ kuma an kafu sosai bayan faduwar daular Neo-Assyrian a 612 KZ.Duk da haka, ta fada hannun Daular Farisa Achaemenid a shekara ta 539 KZ, wanda ke nuna ƙarshen daular Kaldiyawa ƙasa da ɗari ɗaya bayan kafuwarta.Wannan daular tana nuna tashin farko na Babila, da kudancin Mesofotamiya gabaɗaya, a matsayin babban ƙarfi a tsohuwar Gabas ta Tsakiya tun bayan rugujewar Daular Babila (a ƙarƙashin Hammurabi) kusan shekaru dubu kafin.Zamanin Neo-Babila ya sami gagarumin ci gaban tattalin arziki da yawan jama'a, da sake farfado da al'adu.Sarakunan wannan zamanin sun gudanar da ayyukan gine-gine masu yawa, suna farfado da abubuwa daga shekaru 2,000 na al'adun Sumero-Akkadiya, musamman a Babila.Ana tunawa da Daular Neo-Babila musamman saboda yadda aka kwatanta ta a cikin Littafi Mai Tsarki, musamman game da Nebukadnezzar II.Littafi Mai Tsarki ya mai da hankali kan ayyukan soja da Nebukadnezzar ya yi a kan Yahuda da kuma kewaye da Urushalima a shekara ta 587 K.Z., da ya kai ga halaka Haikalin Sulemanu da kuma bauta a Babila.Amma, tarihin Babila, sun kwatanta sarautar Nebuchadnezzar a matsayin zamanin zinariya, wanda ya ɗaukaka Babila zuwa matsayi mafi girma da ba a taɓa gani ba.Faɗuwar daular ta samo asali ne saboda manufofin addini na sarki na ƙarshe, Nabonidus, wanda ya fifita gunkin wata Sîn fiye da Marduk, allahn Babila.Wannan ya ba wa Cyrus Babba na Farisa hujja don mamayewa a shekara ta 539 K.Z., yana mai da kansa a matsayin mai maido da bautar Marduk.Babila ta ci gaba da riƙe ainihin al'adunta na ƙarnuka, bayyanannu a cikin ambaton sunaye da addinin Babila har zuwa ƙarni na 1 KZ a lokacin daular Parthia .Duk da tawaye da yawa, Babila ba ta sake samun ’yancin kai ba.