zamanin Elizabethan

Bayan da Maryamu ta mutu a shekara ta 1558, Elizabeth na hau kan karagar mulki.Sarautarta ta maido da wani tsari a daular bayan tashe-tashen hankula na mulkin Edward VI da Maryamu I. Batun addini da ya raba kasar tun lokacin da Henry na VIII ya kasance a hanyar da kungiyar Elizabethan Religious Settlement ta kafa, wadda ta sake kafa kasar. Cocin Ingila.Yawancin nasarar da Elizabeth ta samu shine ta daidaita muradun Puritans da Katolika.Duk da bukatar magaji, Elizabeth ta ki yin aure, duk da tayin da wasu masu neman aure suka yi mata a fadin Turai, ciki har da Sarkin Sweden Erik XIV.Wannan ya haifar da damuwa mara iyaka game da gadonta, musamman a cikin 1560s lokacin da ta kusa mutuwa daga cutar sankara.Elizabeth ta kiyaye kwanciyar hankalin gwamnati.Baya ga Tawayen ‘Yan Arewa a 1569, ta yi tasiri wajen rage karfin tsofaffin masu fada aji da kuma fadada karfin gwamnatinta.Gwamnatin Elizabeth ta yi aiki da yawa don ƙarfafa aikin da aka fara a ƙarƙashin Thomas Cromwell a zamanin Henry na VIII, wato, faɗaɗa aikin gwamnati da aiwatar da doka da mulki a cikin Ingila.A lokacin mulkin Elizabeth da kuma jim kadan bayan haka, yawan jama'a ya karu sosai: daga miliyan uku a 1564 zuwa kusan miliyan biyar a 1616.Sarauniyar ta yi watsi da dan uwanta Maryamu, Sarauniyar Scots, wacce ta kasance mai sadaukarwa ta Katolika don haka an tilasta mata ta sauke kursiyinta ( kwanan nan Scotland ta zama Furotesta).Ta gudu zuwa Ingila, inda nan da nan Elizabeth ta kama ta.Maryamu ta shafe shekaru 19 masu zuwa a gidan yari, amma ta kasance mai hatsarin gaske don ta rayu, saboda ikon Katolika a Turai sun dauke ta a matsayin halastaccen shugabar Ingila.Daga karshe an yi mata shari'a don cin amanar kasa, aka yanke mata hukuncin kisa, aka fille kai a watan Fabrairun 1587.Zamanin Elizabethan shine lokaci a cikin tarihin Ingila na mulkin Sarauniya Elizabeth ta (1558-1603).Masana tarihi sukan kwatanta shi a matsayin lokacin zinare a tarihin Ingilishi.An fara amfani da alamar Britannia a shekara ta 1572 kuma sau da yawa bayan haka don nuna shekarun Elizabethan a matsayin farfadowa wanda ya zaburar da girman kai ta kasa ta hanyar akidu na gargajiya, fadada duniya, da nasara na ruwa a kan abokan gaba na Spain.Wannan "zamanin zinare" ya wakilci apogee na Renaissance na Ingilishi kuma ya ga furanni na shayari, kiɗa da wallafe-wallafe.Zamanin ya fi shahara wajen wasan kwaikwayo, kamar yadda William Shakespeare da wasu da dama suka tsara wasannin da suka rabu da salon wasan kwaikwayo na Ingila a baya.Lokaci ne na bincike da fadadawa a ƙasashen waje, yayin da yake komawa gida, gyare-gyaren Furotesta ya zama mafi karɓa ga mutane, hakika bayan da aka koriArmada na Spain .Har ila yau, ƙarshen lokacin ne lokacin da Ingila ta kasance daula daban kafin tarayyarta ta sarauta da Scotland.Ingila ma tana da kyau idan aka kwatanta da sauran kasashen Turai.Renaissance na Italiya ya ƙare saboda mamayar ƙasashen waje.Faransa ta shiga fadace-fadacen addini har zuwa dokar Nantes a shekara ta 1598. Har ila yau, an kori turawan Ingila daga sansaninsu na karshe a nahiyar.Saboda waɗannan dalilai, an dakatar da rikici na ƙarni da yawa da Faransa don yawancin mulkin Elizabeth.Ingila a wannan lokacin tana da gwamnati mai tsattsauran ra'ayi, tsari da inganci, musamman saboda sauye-sauyen Henry VII da Henry na VIII.Ta fuskar tattalin arziki, ƙasar ta fara cin moriyar sabon zamanin cinikin tekun Atlantika.A cikin 1585 dangantakar da ke tsakanin Philip II na Spain da Elizabeth ta barke cikin yaki.Elizabeth ta sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Nonsuch tare da Dutch kuma ta ba Francis Drake damar yin lalata don mayar da martani ga takunkumin Spain.Drake ya yi mamakin Vigo, Spain, a watan Oktoba, sannan ya wuce zuwa Caribbean kuma ya kori Santo Domingo (babban birnin daular Amurka ta Spain da kuma babban birnin Jamhuriyar Dominican a yau) da Cartagena (tashar ruwa mai girma da wadata a arewacin bakin tekun Colombia. wato cibiyar cinikin azurfa).Philip II yayi ƙoƙari ya mamaye Ingila tare da Armada na Sipaniya a cikin 1588 amma an sha kashi sosai.