Achaemenid Empire

Yaƙin Greco-Persian
Spartan Warrior ©JFoliveras
499 BCE Jan 1 - 449 BCE

Yaƙin Greco-Persian

Greece
Yaƙe-yaƙe na Greco-Persian (wanda aka fi sani da Farisa ) jerin tashe-tashen hankula ne tsakanin Daular Achaemenid da biranen Girka waɗanda suka fara a shekara ta 499 KZ kuma sun kasance har zuwa 449 KZ.Rikici tsakanin rugujewar siyasar duniyar Helenawa da babbar daular Farisa ta fara ne sa’ad da Cyrus Mai Girma ya ci yankin Ionia da ke da zama a Girka a shekara ta 547 K.Z..Kokarin shawo kan garuruwan Ionia masu 'yancin kai, Farisawa suka nada azzalumai don su mallaki kowane ɗayansu.Wannan zai tabbatar da zama tushen matsala mai yawa ga Helenawa da Farisawa.A cikin 499 KZ, azzalumi na Miletus, Aristagoras, ya fara balaguro don mamaye tsibirin Naxos, tare da goyon bayan Farisa;duk da haka, balaguron ya zama abin ruɗani kuma, yana shirin korar sa, Aristagoras ya zuga dukan Helenanci Asiya Ƙarama zuwa tawaye ga Farisa.Wannan shi ne farkon tawayen Ionian, wanda zai ci gaba har zuwa 493 KZ, da ci gaba da jawo ƙarin yankuna na Asiya Ƙarama cikin rikici.Aristagoras ya sami goyon bayan soji daga Athens da Eretria, kuma a cikin 498 KZ waɗannan sojojin sun taimaka wajen kamawa da ƙone babban birnin yankin Farisa na Sardis.Sarkin Farisa Darius Mai Girma ya sha alwashin daukar fansa kan Atina da Eretria kan wannan aika-aikar.Tawayen ya ci gaba, tare da ɓangarorin biyu sun tsaya tsayin daka a cikin 497-495 KZ.A shekara ta 494 K.Z., Farisa suka taru suka kai hari a cibiyar tawaye a Miletus.A yakin Lade, Ionian sun sha wahala mai tsanani, kuma tawaye ya rushe, tare da mambobin karshe da aka buga a shekara mai zuwa.Da yake neman tabbatar da daularsa daga ƙarin tawaye da kuma tsoma bakin ƴan ƙasar Girka, Darius ya fara wani shiri don ya ci ƙasar Girka kuma ya hukunta Atina da Eretria don kona Sardisu.Farawa na farko na mamayewar Farisa a Girka a shekara ta 492 KZ, tare da Janar Mardonius na Farisa ya yi nasarar sake maye gurbin Thrace da Macedon kafin wasu matsaloli da yawa sun tilasta ƙarshen yakin.A shekara ta 490 K.Z., an aika runduna ta biyu zuwa ƙasar Girka, a wannan lokaci ta haye Tekun Aegean, ƙarƙashin umurnin Datis da Artaphernes.Wannan balaguron ya mamaye Cyclades, kafin ya mamaye, kamawa da lalata Eretria.Duk da haka, yayin da suke kan hanyar kai wa Athens hari, mutanen Atina sun yi nasara a kan sojojin Farisa a yakin Marathon , wanda ya kawo karshen kokarin Farisa a yanzu.Daga nan sai Darius ya fara shirin ya ci ƙasar Girka gaba ɗaya amma ya mutu a shekara ta 486 K.Z., kuma alhakin cin nasara ya ba wa ɗansa Xerxes.A shekara ta 480 KZ, Xerxes da kansa ya jagoranci mamayewar Farisa na biyu na ƙasar Girka tare da ɗaya daga cikin manyan runduna mafi girma da aka taɓa taru.Nasarar da aka samu a kan kasashen Girka da ke kawance da su a shahararren yakin Thermopylae ya baiwa Farisa damar kunna wuta a Athens da aka kwashe tare da mamaye yawancin Girka.Duk da haka, yayin da suke neman lalata haɗin gwiwar rundunar sojojin Girka, Farisawa sun sha wahala mai tsanani a yakin Salamis.A shekara mai zuwa, Girkawa masu haɗin kai sun ci gaba da kai farmaki, suka fatattaki sojojin Farisa a yakin Plataea, kuma sun kawo karshen mamaye Girka da Daular Achaemenid.Girkawa ƙawance sun bi nasarar da suka samu ta hanyar lalata sauran sojojin Farisa a yaƙin Mycale, kafin su kori sojojin Farisa daga Sestos (479 KZ) da Byzantium (478 KZ).Bayan janyewar Farisa daga Turai da nasarar da Girka ta samu a Mycale, Macedon da jihohin Ionia sun sami 'yancin kai.Ayyukan da Janar Pausanias ya yi a kewayen Byzantium ya nisantar da yawancin jihohin Girka daga Spartans, kuma an sake kafa kawancen adawa da Farisa a karkashin jagorancin Athenia, wanda ake kira Delian League .Ƙungiyar Delian ta ci gaba da yaƙi da Farisa har tsawon shekaru talatin masu zuwa, inda ta fara da korar sauran dakarun Farisa daga Turai.A Yaƙin Eurymedon a shekara ta 466 KZ, ƙungiyar ta sami nasara sau biyu wanda a ƙarshe ya sami 'yanci ga biranen Ionia.Duk da haka, shigar League cikin tawayenMasar da Inaros II ya yi a kan Artaxerxes I (daga 460-454 KZ) ya haifar da mummunar shan kashi na Girka, kuma an dakatar da yakin neman zabe.An aika da jiragen ruwa na Girka zuwa Cyprus a shekara ta 451 KZ, amma sun sami kadan, kuma, lokacin da suka janye, yakin Greco-Persian ya kusantar da ƙarshen shiru.Wasu majiyoyin tarihi sun nuna cewa ƙarshen tashin hankali ya kasance alama ce ta yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya tsakanin Athens da Farisa, Amincin Callias.
An sabunta ta ƙarsheTue Apr 23 2024

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