Mulkin Hungary

Tarihin Hungarian prehistory ya kai tsawon tarihin mutanen Hungarian, ko Magyars, wanda ya fara da rabuwa da harshen Hungarian daga wasu harsunan Finno-Ugric ko Ugric a kusa da 800 KZ, kuma ya ƙare tare da cin nasara na Hungarian Basin Carpathian a kusa da 895 AD.Dangane da bayanan farko na Magyars a cikin tarihin Byzantine, Yammacin Turai, da tarihin Hungarian, masana sun ɗauki su tsawon ƙarni a matsayin zuriyar Scythians da Huns na da.A jajibirin zuwan Hungarians (Magyars), a kusa da 895, Gabashin Faransa, Daular Bulgeriya ta Farko da Babban Moravia (jahar vassal ta Gabashin Faransa) sun mallaki yankin Basin Carpathian.'Yan kasar Hungary suna da ilimi da yawa game da wannan yanki domin an dauki hayarsu a matsayin 'yan amshin shata ta hanyar siyasar da ke kewaye da su kuma sun jagoranci nasu kamfen a wannan yanki shekaru da yawa.Wannan yanki ba shi da yawan jama'a tun lokacin da Charlemagne ya lalata jihar Avar a cikin 803, kuma Magyars (Hungarians) sun sami damar shiga cikin lumana kuma ba tare da hamayya ba.Sabbin ƴan ƙasar Hungary, wanda Árpád ya jagoranta, sun zauna a cikin Basin Carpathian tun daga 895.

Yunkurin mamayar Hungarian Basin Carpathian, jerin al'amuran tarihi ne da suka ƙare tare da zama na Hungarian a tsakiyar Turai a farkon ƙarni na 9 da 10.Kafin zuwan 'yan kasar Hungary, manyan kasashe uku na farko na tsakiya, daular Bulgeriya ta farko , Faransa ta Gabas da Moravia, sun yi yaƙi da juna don sarrafa Basin Carpathian.Wani lokaci sukan ɗauki hayar mahaya dawakai a matsayin sojoji.Saboda haka, 'yan kasar Hungary da suka zauna a kan tudun Pontic a gabashin Carpathians sun saba da ƙasarsu ta gaba lokacin da aka fara cin nasara.Yunkurin na Hungarian ya fara ne a cikin mahallin “ƙaramin ƙaura na mutane daga marigayi ko ‘ƙaramin’”.Majiyoyin zamani sun tabbatar da cewa 'yan kasar Hungary sun tsallaka tsaunukan Carpathian bayan harin hadin gwiwa a 894 ko 895 da 'yan Pechenegs da Bulgaria suka kai musu.Da farko sun mamaye yankunan da ke gabashin kogin Danube kuma suka kai hari suka mamaye Pannonia (yankin da ke yammacin kogin) a cikin 900. Sun yi amfani da rikice-rikice na cikin gida a Moravia kuma sun halaka wannan jihar a wani lokaci tsakanin 902 zuwa 906.Manyan ra'ayoyi guda uku sun yi ƙoƙarin bayyana dalilan "ɗaukar ƙasar Hungary".Wani ya ce harin soja ne da aka yi niyya, wanda aka shirya shi biyo bayan hare-haren da aka kai a baya, tare da bayyana manufar mamaye sabuwar kasar.Wannan ra'ayi (misali, Bakay da Padányi suka wakilta) galibi yana bin labarin Anonymous kuma daga baya na tarihin Hungary.Akasin ra'ayi na nuni da cewa harin hadin gwiwa da 'yan Pechenegs da 'yan Bulgaria suka yi ya tilastawa 'yan kasar Hungary.Kristó, Tóth da sauran masu bibiyar ka'idar suna nuni ne ga shaidar gama gari da Annals of Fulda, Regino na Prüm da Porphyrogenitus suka bayar game da alakar da ke tsakanin 'yan Hungary da kawancen Bulgar-Pecheneg da kuma janyewarsu daga yankin Pontic.Ka'idar tsaka-tsaki ta ba da shawarar cewa 'yan kasar Hungary sun kwashe shekaru da yawa suna yin la'akari da tafiya zuwa yamma lokacin da harin Bulgarian-Pecheneg ya hanzarta yanke shawarar barin tudun Pontic.Alal misali Róna-Tas ta yi jayayya, "gaskiyar cewa, duk da jerin abubuwan da ba su da kyau, Magyars sun yi nasarar kiyaye kawunansu a kan ruwa suna nuna cewa a shirye suke su ci gaba" lokacin da Pechenegs suka kai musu hari.

Regino na Prüm ya bayyana cewa, 'yan kasar Hungary "sun yi yawo a cikin jeji na Pannonians da Avars kuma suna neman abincinsu na yau da kullum ta hanyar farauta da kamun kifi" bayan isowarsu a Basin Carpathian.Ci gaban da suka yi zuwa Danube da alama ya ƙarfafa Sarkin Roma Mai Tsarki Arnulf wanda ya zama sarki don ya ba Braslav (mai mulkin yankin tsakanin kogin Drava da Sava) tare da kare duk Pannonia a 896.

Abin da ya faru na gaba da aka rubuta game da ’yan Hungary shi ne farmakin da suka kai wa Italiya a shekara ta 899 da 900. Wasiƙar Akbishop Theotmar na Salzburg da ’yan majalisarsa ta nuna cewa Sarkin sarakuna Arnulf ya zuga su su kai wa Sarki Berengar na Italiya hari.Sun fatattaki sojojin Italiya a ranar 2 ga Satumba a kogin Brenta a kan wani gagarumin yaki tare da kwace yankin Vercelli da Modena a cikin hunturu.Bayan wannan nasara daular Italiya gabaɗaya ta yi ƙarya ga rahamar Hungarian.Ba tare da sojojin Italiya da za su yi adawa da su ba, Hungarian sun yanke shawarar yin sanyi mai sanyi a Italiya, suna ci gaba da kai hare-hare ga gidajen ibada, katakai da birane, suna ƙoƙari su ci su, kamar yadda suka yi kafin a fara korar su daga sojojin Berengar.Sun dawo daga Italiya lokacin da suka sami labarin mutuwar sarki Arnulf.Kafin 'yan Hungary su bar Italiya, a cikin bazara na 900, sun kammala zaman lafiya da Berengar, wanda ya ba su musanya don su tashi da garkuwa, da kuɗi don zaman lafiya.Kamar yadda Liuprand ya rubuta, mutanen Hungary sun zama abokan Berengar.Da alama, da shigewar lokaci, wasu daga cikin shugabannin Hungarian sun zama abokansa.

Mutuwar sarki ta saki 'yan kasar Hungary daga kawancen da suka yi da kasar Faransa ta Gabas.A hanyarsu ta dawowa daga Italiya sun faɗaɗa mulkinsu a kan Pannonia.Bugu da ƙari, a cewar Liutprand na Cremona, 'yan Hungary "sun yi da'awar kansu al'ummar Moravians, wanda Sarki Arnulf ya yi nasara da taimakon ƙarfinsu" a lokacin nadin ɗan Arnulf, Louis the Child a shekara ta 900. Annals of Grado ya ba da labari. cewa 'yan kasar Hungary sun fatattaki Morabiyawa bayan ficewarsu daga Italiya.Bayan haka mutanen Hungarian da Morabiya sun yi kawance tare da mamaye Bavaria, a cewar Aventinus.Koyaya, Annals na Fulda na zamani yana nufin 'yan kasar Hungary da ke isa kogin Enns.

Hungarian sun ci gaba da gabas na Great Moravia, sun ƙare da wannan Hungarian Conquest na Carpathian Basin, yayin da Slavs daga Yamma da Arewa zuwa wannan yanki, sun fara ba da kyauta a gare su.Kwanan wata da Moravia ya daina wanzuwa ba shi da tabbas, saboda babu wata bayyananniyar shaida ko dai kan “zamanin Moravia a matsayin kasa” bayan 902 ko kuma a faɗuwar sa.A takaice bayanin kula a cikin Annales Alamannici yana nufin "yaki da Hungarians a Moravia" a cikin 902, lokacin da "ƙasar ta yi nasara", amma wannan rubutu ba shi da tabbas.A madadin haka, Dokokin Kwastam da ake kira Raffelstetten sun ambaci "kasuwannin Moravia" a kusa da 905. Rayuwar Saint Naum ta danganta cewa 'yan Hungary sun mamaye Moravia, ya kara da cewa 'yan Moravians wadanda "ba a kama su Hungarian ba, sun gudu zuwa Bulgars" .Har ila yau Constantine Porphyrogenitus ya haɗu da faduwar Moravia zuwa aikin da 'yan Hungary suka yi.Rushewar cibiyoyin birni na farko da kagara a Szepestamásfalva, Dévény da sauran wurare a cikin Slovakia na zamani yana da kwanan watan kusan 900.

Hungarian sun mamaye Italiya ta hanyar amfani da abin da ake kira "Hanyar Hungarian" da ta fito daga Pannonia zuwa Lombardy a 904. Sun isa a matsayin abokan kawancen Sarki Berengar na I da abokin hamayyarsa, Sarki Louis na Provance.Hungarian sun lalata yankunan da Sarki Louis ya mamaye a baya tare da kogin Po, wanda ya tabbatar da nasarar Berengar.Sarkin da ya ci nasara ya baiwa 'yan kasar Hungary damar washe duk garuruwan da tun da farko suka amince da mulkin abokin hamayyarsa, kuma ya amince zai biya harajin kusan kilogiram 375 (lb) na azurfa a duk shekara.Nasarar Hungarian ta hana duk wani yunƙuri na faɗaɗa gabas ta Gabashin Francia na shekaru masu zuwa kuma ya buɗe hanya ga Hungarian don yin wawashe yankuna da dama na wannan masarauta kyauta.

Kurszán, ya kasance kende na Magyars a cikin jagoranci biyu tare da Árpád yana aiki a matsayin gyula - bisa ga ka'idar gama gari.Ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin Hungarian Conquest.A cikin 892/893 tare da Arnulf na Carinthia ya kai hari ga Great Moravia don kare iyakokin gabas na Daular Faransa.Arnulf ya ba shi dukkan filayen da aka kama a Moravia.Kurszán kuma ya mamaye kudancin Hungary da ke daular Bulgeriya.Ya shiga kawance da Sarkin Rumawa Leo VI bayan ya gane raunin kasar daga kudanci.Tare da mamaki suka ci sojojin Saminu I na Bulgeriya .Wani muhimmin lamari da ya biyo bayan cin nasarar Basin Carpathian, kisan da Bavarians suka yi na Kurszán, an rubuta shi ta mafi tsayin sigar Annals na Saint Gall, Annales Alamannici da Annals na Einsiedeln.Litattafan tarihi guda uku sun nuna gaba ɗaya cewa Bavarians sun gayyaci shugaban Hungary zuwa liyafar cin abinci bisa hujjar yin shawarwarin yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya kuma suka kashe shi da ha'inci.Daga wannan lokacin Árpád ya zama mai mulki tilo kuma ya mamaye wasu yanki na tsohon abokin tarayya.

Sojojin Hungarian guda biyu sun lalata, daya bayan daya, Duchy na Saxony.Kabilar Slavic na Dalamanians, da ke zaune a kusa da Meissen, sun bukaci Magyars su zo, saboda hare-haren Saxon.

Yaƙin Pressburg ya kasance yaƙin kwanaki uku, wanda aka gwabza tsakanin 4-6 ga Yulin 907, a lokacin da sojojin ƙasar Faransa ta Gabas, waɗanda galibin sojojin Bavaria ne da Margrave Luitpold ya jagoranta, sojojin Hungary suka halaka.Ba a san takamaiman wurin da aka gwabza yakin ba.Majiyoyin zamani sun ce ya faru ne a "Brezalauspurc", amma ba a san ainihin inda Brezalauspurc yake ba.Wasu ƙwararru suna sanya shi a kusa da Zalavár;wasu a wani wuri kusa da Bratislava, zato na gargajiya.Wani muhimmin sakamako na yakin Pressburg shi ne Masarautar Gabashin Faransa ba za ta iya sake samun iko a kan Maris na Carolingian na Pannonia ba, ciki har da yankin Marchia Orientalis na baya, wanda aka rasa a cikin 900.Babban sakamakon yakin Pressburg shi ne cewa 'yan kasar Hungarian sun amince da filayen da suka samu a lokacin da Hungarian suka mamaye yankin Carpathian Basin, sun hana Jamus mamayewa wanda ya kawo cikas ga makomarsu, kuma suka kafa Masarautar Hungary.Ana daukar wannan yakin a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan fadace-fadacen da aka yi a tarihin kasar Hungary, kuma ya nuna karshen mamayar kasar Hungary.

Bayan yakin Pressburg ya ƙare tare da mummunan shan kashi na sojojin Gabashin Faransanci karkashin jagorancin sarki Luitpold na Bavaria, 'yan kasar Hungary suna bin falsafar yakin basasa: halakar da makiyinku gaba daya ko tilasta shi ya mika wuya gare ku, da farko ya tilasta wa Arnulf yarima na Bavaria. a ba su haraji, kuma a bar sojojinsu su ketare ƙasashen duchy don kai hari ga sauran yankunan Jamus da Kiristanci, sannan suka fara yaƙi da sauran duchie na Gabashin Faransa.A cikin yakin da suka yi na 908, 'yan kasar Hungary sun sake amfani da yankin Dalamancian don kai hari ga Thuringia da Saxonia, sun fito daga Bohemia ko Silesia, inda kabilun Slavic suka zauna, kamar yadda suka yi a 906. Thuringian da Saxonian sojojin, karkashin jagorancin Burchard, Duke na Thuringia ta sadu da mutanen Hungary a fagen fama a Eisenach.Ba mu san da yawa cikakken bayani game da wannan yaki, amma mun san cewa shi ne murkushe shan kashi ga Jamus, da kuma shugaban Kirista sojojin: Burchard, Duke na Thuringia aka kashe, tare da Egino, Duke na Thuringia da Rudolf I. Bishop na Würzburg, tare da yawancin sojojin Jamus.Daga nan ne 'yan kasar Hungary suka yi wa Thuringia da Saxonia fashi har zuwa arewacin Bremen, inda suka dawo gida da ganima da yawa.

A cikin 909 sojojin Hungary sun mamaye Bavaria, amma Arnulf, Duke na Bavaria ya ci nasara a wani ƙaramin yaƙi kusa da Pocking.Sarki Louis ya yanke shawarar cewa sojoji daga dukan duchies na Jamus su taru don yakar Hungarian.Har ma ya yi barazanar kashe wadanda ba za su taru a karkashin tutarsa ​​ba.Don haka za mu iya ɗauka cewa Louis ya tara “babban runduna,” kamar yadda Liutprand ya faɗi a cikin Antapodosis.Ba a san ainihin girman sojojin Faransa ba, amma ana iya ɗauka cewa sun fi sojojin Hungary yawa sosai.Wannan ya bayyana dalilin da ya sa Maguzawa suka yi taka tsantsan a lokacin yakin, kuma suka jira tsawon lokaci (sama da sa'o'i goma sha biyu), suna samun karfin makiya da sannu kadan da dabarar buge-buge da kuma amfani da hanyoyin tunani don rikitar da su. , kafin daukar mataki na dabara.Yakin farko na Lechfeld wata muhimmiyar nasara ce da sojojin Magyar suka samu a kan hadin gwiwar sojojin Gabashin Faransa da Swabia (Alamannia) karkashin jagorancin Louis the Child.Wannan yaƙin yana ɗaya daga cikin manya-manyan misalan nasarar dabarar ja da baya da mayaka masu kiwo ke amfani da ita, kuma misali ne na ingantaccen amfani da yaƙin tunani.

Bayan wannan Yaƙin Farko na Lechfeld, sojojin ƙasar Hungary sun yi tattaki zuwa arewa, zuwa kan iyakar Bavaria da Franconia, suka kuma gana da sojojin Franco-Bavaro-Lotheringian karkashin jagorancin Gebhard, Duke na Lorraine a Rednitz.Ba mu san cikakken bayani game da yaƙin ba, kawai cewa yaƙin ya kasance a kan iyakar Bavaria da Franconia, sojojin Jamus sun sha kashi sosai.An kashe kwamandojin sojojin, Gebhard, Duke na Lorraine, Liudger, Count of Ladengau, da akasarin sojojin, sauran sojojin kuma suka gudu.Daga Annales Alamannici kuma za mu iya ɗauka, cewa, kamar a yakin Augsburg, 'yan kasar Hungary sun yi nasarar yaudarar sojojin abokan gaba, a wannan lokaci Bavaria ta hanyar da suka yi tunanin cewa sun ci nasara a yakin, kuma a wannan lokacin. Lokacin da makiya suka bar tsaronsu, sai suka far musu da mamaki, suka ci su.Yana yiwuwa, cewa Hungarians za su iya amfani da wannan dabarar nomadic na ja da baya, wanda suka ci nasara a yakin Augsburg kwanaki goma kafin.Bayan wadannan fadace-fadacen guda biyu sojojin kasar Hungary sun yi wa ganima tare da kona yankunan Jamus, kuma babu wanda ya sake yin kokarin yakar su, ya koma garuruwa da katanga, yana jira su koma kasar Hungary.A hanyarsu ta komawa gida, 'yan kasar Hungary sun wawashe kewayen Regensburg, sun kona Altaich da Osterhofen.Sarki Louis the Child ya nemi zaman lafiya kuma ya fara biyan haraji.

Dakarun Hungary sun tsallaka Bavaria inda suka kai hari kan Swabia da Franconia.Suna washe yankuna daga Meinfeld zuwa Aargau.Bayan haka, sun haye Rhine, kuma sun kai hari Burgundy a karon farko.

Labarin Aventinus ya tabbatar da cewa Conrad ya zama wajibi ya biya haraji ga Hungarians, da kuma magajinsa Louis the Child, tare da sarakunan Swabian, Frankish, Bavarian da Saxonian, bayan yakin Rednitz a watan Yuni 910. A cewar tarihin tarihin. biyan haraji na yau da kullun shine "farashin zaman lafiya".Bayan an daidaita iyakar yammacin kasar, 'yan kasar Hungary sun yi amfani da lardunan Gabashin Masarautar Jamus a matsayin yanki mai ban sha'awa da canja wuri don aiwatar da yakin neman zabe na tsawon lokaci zuwa Yamma mai nisa.Bavaria ya ƙyale 'yan Hungary a cikin mulkinsu don ci gaba da tafiya kuma an kwatanta dangantakar Bavarian-Hungary a matsayin tsaka tsaki a wannan lokacin.Duk da "zaman lafiya" wanda aka ba da tabbacin biyan haraji na yau da kullum, ya fuskanci hare-haren ta'addanci daga Hungary, lokacin da suka shiga kan iyaka ko kuma suka koma cikin Pannonian Basin bayan yakin neman zabe.Duk da haka Arnulf mai kuzari da gwagwarmaya ya rigaya ya yi nasara kan wani karamin mayaƙan 'yan Hungary a Pocking kusa da kogin Rott a ranar 11 ga Agusta 909, bayan sun janye daga wani yaƙin neman zaɓe inda suka kona majami'u biyu na Freising.A cikin 910, ya kuma buge wani ƙaramin ɗan Hungarian a Neuching, wanda ya dawo daga Yaƙin Lechfeld mai nasara da sauran hare-hare na ganima.An yi yakin Inn a cikin 913, lokacin da sojojin Hungarian suka kai hari, lokacin da suka dawo daga hare-haren Bavaria, Swabia, da Arewacin Burgundy, sun fuskanci sojojin Arnulf, Duke na Bavaria, Counts Erchanger da Burchard na Swabia, da kuma Lord Udalrich, wanda ya ci su a Aschbach kusa da Kogin Inn.

Bayan zaben Henry Fowler a matsayin sabon sarkin kasar Faransa ta Gabas, sojojin kasar Hungary sun shiga kasar Jamus, suka fatattaki sojojin Henry a yakin Püchen, sannan suka nufi yamma.Sojojin Hungarian sun shiga Lotharingia da Faransa.Sarki Charles the Simple ba zai iya tattara isassun sojoji don fuskantar su a yaƙi, ja da baya, kuma ya bar su su washe mulkinsa.A farkon shekara ta 920, sojojin kasar Hungary guda suka shiga daga Yamma a Burgundy, sannan a Lombardy, suka fatattaki sojojin Rudolf na biyu na Burgundy, wadanda suka kai hari kan Berengar I na Italiya, aminin masarautar Hungary.Bayan haka, Magyars suna wawashe kewaye da waɗannan garuruwan Italiya, waɗanda suke tunanin cewa sun goyi bayan Rudolf: Bergamo, Piacenza da Nogara.

A cikin 921 sojojin Hungarian karkashin jagorancin Dursac da Bogát, suka shiga Arewacin Italiya, sannan suka halaka, tsakanin Brescia da Verona , sojojin Italiyanci masu goyon bayan Rudolf na biyu na Burgundy, sun kashe Odelrik na palatine, suka kama Gislebert a matsayin fursuna, adadin Bergamo. .Wannan runduna ta nufi kudancin Italiya, inda ta yi sanyi, kuma a cikin Janairu 922 ta kwashe yankunan da ke tsakanin Roma da Naples.Sojojin Magyar sun kai hari Apulia a Kudancin Italiya, karkashin mulkin Rumawa.

Spring - Rudolf na biyu na Burgundy ne aka zaba ta hanyar 'yan tawayen Italiya a matsayin sarkin Italiya a Pavia.Sarkin kasar Italiya Berengar na daya ya nemi taimakon ‘yan kasar Hungarian, inda suka aika da sojoji karkashin jagorancin Szalárd, wadanda suka kona Pavia da kuma jiragen yaki a gabar kogin Ticino.Afrilu 7 - Lokacin da aka kashe sarki Berengar a Verona, 'yan Hungary sun tafi Burgundy.Rudolf na biyu na Burgundy da Hugh na Arles sun yi ƙoƙari su kewaye su a mashigin tsaunukan Alps, amma 'yan Hungary sun tsere daga harin kwanton bauna, suka kai hari a Gothia da wajen Nîmes.Suna komawa gida saboda annoba ta barke a tsakaninsu.Wani sojojin kasar Hungary sun yi wa Saxony fashi.Sarkin Jamus Henry the Fowler ya koma katangar Werla.Wani mai martaba dan kasar Hungary ya fada cikin hadari a hannun Jamusawa.Sarki Henry ya yi amfani da wannan damar don yin shawarwari da Hungarians, yana neman zaman lafiya, da kuma yarda da biyan haraji ga Masarautar Hungary.

Saboda Sarkin Jamus Henry Fowler ya ƙi ci gaba da ba da kyauta ga Masarautar Hungary, sai sojojin Magyar suka shiga Saxony.Suna shiga daga ƙasashen Slavic kabilar Dalamanians, wadanda suka ki amincewa da shawarar kawancensu, sannan Hungarian ya rabu biyu, amma ba da daɗewa ba sojojin da suka yi ƙoƙari su fita daga Saxony daga yamma, sun ci nasara da hadin gwiwar sojojin Saxony da Thuringia kusa da Gotha.Sauran sojojin sun kewaye Merseburg, amma bayan haka, sojojin sarakuna sun ci nasara a yakin Riade.A rayuwar Henry Magyar ba su kuskura su kara kai hari a Gabashin Faransa ba.

Yaƙi ya barke tsakanin Hungarians da Pechenegs, amma an kammala zaman lafiya bayan labarin harin da Bulgaria ta kai kan yankunansu, yana zuwa wani gari (wataƙila Belgrade).Hungarian da Pechenegs sun yanke shawarar kai hari ga wannan garin.Sojojin Hungarian-Pecheneg sun ci nasara a yakin Wlndr, sojojin Byzantine-Bulgarian masu sassaucin ra'ayi sannan suka mamaye birnin, suka kwashe kwanaki uku suna ganima.Abokan gaba sun washe Bulgaria , sannan suka nufi Konstantinoful, inda suka yi zango na kwanaki 40, suka kori Thrace, suna kama mutane da yawa.Daular Byzantine ta kulla yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya tare da Hungarian, fansa da aka kama, kuma ta yarda da biyan haraji ga Masarautar Hungary.

Sojojin kasar Hungary sun shiga kasar Italiya, inda sarki Hugh, ya ba su gwal guda 10, ya lallashe su da su kai farmaki kan Halifancin Cordoba.A tsakiyar watan Yuni ne 'yan kasar Hungary suka isa yankin Kataloniya, suka washe yankin, sannan suka shiga yankunan arewacin Halifancin Cordoba.A ranar 23 ga Yuni, 'yan kasar Hungary sun yi wa Lérida kawanya na tsawon kwanaki 8, sannan suka kai hari kan Cerdaña da Huesca.A ranar 26 ga watan Yuni ne 'yan kasar Hungary suka kama Yahya bn Muhammad bn al Tawil, sarkin Barbastro, inda suka tsare shi har tsawon kwanaki 33, har sai da aka yi masa fansa.A ƙarshe a cikin Yuli, 'yan Hungary sun sami kansu a cikin yankin hamada kuma sun ƙare da abinci da ruwa.Sun kashe jagoransu na Italiya suka koma gida.Sojojin Hungary biyar ne Cordobans suka kama fursuna kuma suka zama masu gadin halifa.

Sojojin Jamus na Otto I sun fatattaki sojojin Hungarian tare da sa su gudu, a yakin Lechfeld.Duk da nasarar da aka samu, asarar Jamus ta yi nauyi, daga cikinsu akwai manyan mutane: Conrad, Duke na Lorraine, Count Dietpald, Ulrich count na Aargau, Bavarian count Berthold, da dai sauransu. An kai shugabannin Hungarian Bulcsú, Lehel da Súr zuwa Regensburg kuma aka rataye su. tare da sauran 'yan kasar Hungary.Nasarar da Jamus ta samu ta kiyaye daular Jamus tare da dakatar da kutsawar makiyaya zuwa yammacin Turai.Sojojinsa sun nada Otto I a matsayin sarki kuma uban kasar uba bayan nasara kuma ya ci gaba da nada shi Sarkin Roma mai tsarki a shekara ta 962 a bisa karfin da ya samu bayan yakin Lechfeld.Rushewar sojojin Hungarian da Jamus ta yi ya kawo karshen hare-haren da makiyayan Magyar ke kai wa a yankin Latin Turai.Masanin tarihi dan kasar Hungary Gyula Krístó ya kira shi "mummunan shan kashi".Bayan 955, 'yan kasar Hungary sun daina duk yakin yamma.Bugu da kari, Otto I bai sake kaddamar da wani yakin soji a kansu ba;An tsige shugabansu Fajsz bayan shan kashin da suka yi, kuma Taksony ya gaje shi a matsayin Babban Yariman Hungarian.

Wata majiya daga baya, Johannes Aventinus, ta rubuta cewa Taksony ya yi yaƙi a Yaƙin Lechfeld a ranar 10 ga Agusta, 955. A can, Sarkin Roma Mai Tsarki na gaba Otto I ya fatattaki sojojin Hungarian mai ƙarfi 8,000.Idan wannan rahoto ya tabbata, Taksony na ɗaya daga cikin ƴan jagororin Hungary da suka tsira daga fagen fama.Masana tarihi na zamani, ciki har da Zoltán Kordé da Gyula Kristó, sun ba da shawarar cewa Fajsz ya yi murabus don goyon bayan Taksony a lokacin.Bayan wannan yaƙin da 'yan ƙasar Hungary ke kai wa ganima a yammacin Turai sun daina, kuma an tilasta musu ja da baya daga ƙasashen da ke tsakanin kogin Enns da Traisen.Duk da haka, 'yan Hungary sun ci gaba da kutsawa cikin daular Rumawa har zuwa 970s.A cewar Gesta Hungarorum, "babban rundunar musulmi" sun isa kasar Hungary "daga kasar Bular" a karkashin Taksony.Abraham ben Yakubu shima ya rubuta kasancewar musulmi yan kasuwa daga kasar Hungary a Prague a shekara ta 965. Anonymus ya kuma rubuta labarin zuwan Pechenegs a lokacin mulkin Taksony;ya ba su "ƙasar da za su zauna a yankin Kemej har zuwa Tisza".Alamar kawai alamar haɗin Hungary tare da Yammacin Turai a ƙarƙashin Taksony shine rahoton Liudprand na Cremona.Ya rubuta game da Zacheus, wanda Paparoma John XII ya keɓe bishop kuma “ya aika zuwa ga Hungarians domin ya yi wa’azi cewa su kai wa Jamus hari a shekara ta 963. Amma, babu tabbacin cewa Zacheus ya taɓa zuwa Hungary.

Canji daga al'ummar masarautu zuwa al'ummar jaha na daya daga cikin muhimman abubuwan ci gaba a wannan lokaci.Da farko, Magyars sun ci gaba da zama na ƙauyen ƙauye, suna yin ƙaura: za su yi ƙaura tare da kogi tsakanin makiyayar hunturu da bazara, suna neman ruwa ga dabbobinsu.Saboda yanayin tattalin arziki da aka canza, rashin isasshen kiwo don tallafawa al'ummar makiyaya da kuma rashin ci gaba, salon 'yan kabilar Hungarian ya fara canzawa kuma Magyars suka rungumi rayuwa mai kyau kuma suka koma noma, kodayake farkon wannan canji na iya zama kwanan wata. zuwa karni na 8.Al'umma ta zama mai kama da juna: Slavic na gida da sauran al'ummomi sun haɗu da Hungarians.Shugabannin kabilar Hungarian da danginsu sun kafa katangar cibiyoyi a kasar kuma daga baya katangarsu suka zama cibiyoyin kananan hukumomi.Dukkanin tsarin ƙauyukan Hungarian sun haɓaka a cikin karni na 10.Fajsz da Taksony, Manyan Sarakunan Hungarian, sun fara gyara tsarin iko.Sun gayyaci Kiristoci masu wa’azi a ƙasashen waje a karon farko kuma suka gina garu.Taksony ya soke tsohuwar cibiyar mulkin Hungarian (wataƙila a Upper Tisza) kuma ya nemi sababbi a Székesfehérvár da Esztergom.Taksony ya kuma sake dawo da tsohon salon aikin soja, ya canza makaman sojoji, ya kuma aiwatar da manyan matsugunan jama'ar Hungary.

Sviatoslav I na Kiev ya kai hari ga daular Byzantine tare da dakarun Hungarian da Pechenegs.Rumawa sun ci sojojin Sviatoslav a yakin Arcadiopolis.Ƙarshen mamayewar Hungary na Turai.

Géza ya gaji mahaifinsa a wajajen shekara ta 972. Ya ɗauki tsarin mulkin tsakiya, wanda ya sa ya shahara a matsayinsa na shugaba mara tausayi.Tsawon rayuwar ɗansa ma ya nuna cewa hannayen Géza “sun ƙazantu da jini”.Pál Engel ya rubuta cewa Géza ya yi "babban tsarkakewa" a kan danginsa, wanda ke bayyana rashin ambaton sauran membobin daular Árpád daga kusan 972.Géza ya yanke shawarar yin sulhu da Daular Roma Mai Tsarki.Thietmar na Merseburg da ke kusa da shi ya tabbatar da cewa tuba zuwa Kiristanci na arna Hungarian ya fara ne a ƙarƙashin Géza, wanda ya zama Kirista na farko da ya yi sarauta a Hungary.Duk da haka, Géza ya ci gaba da yin ibadar arna, wanda hakan ya nuna cewa tubansa zuwa Kiristanci bai cika ba.

Ƙaddamar da ƙasar Hungary ta fara ne a zamanin Géza.Bayan yakin Arcadiopolis, daular Rumawa ita ce babban makiyin Hungarian.Fadada Rumawa ta yi barazana ga Hungarians, tunda daular Bulgariya ta farko da ta yi kawance da Magyar a wancan lokacin.Lamarin ya zama mafi wahala ga masu mulki lokacin da Daular Rumawa da Daular Roma Mai Tsarki suka kulla kawance a shekara ta 972.A cikin 973, wakilai goma sha biyu na Magyar, waɗanda wataƙila Géza ya naɗa, sun shiga cikin Abincin da Otto I, Sarkin Roma Mai Tsarki ya yi.Géza ya kafa dangantaka ta kud da kud da kotun Bavaria, yana gayyatar masu wa’azi a ƙasashen waje kuma ya auri ɗansa ga Gisela, ’yar Duke Henry II.Géza na daular Árpád, Babban Yariman Hungarian, wanda ya mulki wani yanki ne kawai na ƙasar haɗin gwiwa, wanda ya kasance mai kula da dukkan kabilun Magyar guda bakwai, ya yi niyya don haɗa Hungary cikin Kiristancin Yammacin Turai, sake gina ƙasa bisa ga tsarin siyasa da zamantakewa na yammacin Turai. .

Sabuwar jihar Hungary tana kan iyaka da Kiristendam.Tun daga rabin na biyu na ƙarni na 10, Kiristanci ya bunƙasa a Hungary sa’ad da masu wa’azi na Katolika suka zo daga Jamus zuwa can.Tsakanin 945 da 963, manyan masu rike da ofis na Mulki (Gyula, da Horka) sun yarda su tuba zuwa Kiristanci.A shekara ta 973 aka yi wa Géza I da dukan iyalinsa baftisma, kuma an kammala zaman lafiya da Sarki Otto I;duk da haka ya kasance da gaske arne ko da bayan baftisma: babansa Taksony ya koyar da Géza a matsayin basaraken arna.An kafa gidan sufi na Benedictine na farko na Hungary a cikin 996 ta Prince Géza.A lokacin mulkin Géza, al’ummar ta daina bin salon rayuwarta na ƙaura kuma a cikin ƴan shekarun da suka gabata na yaƙin Lechfeld ta zama masarautar Kirista.

Stephen I, wanda kuma aka fi sani da Sarki Saint Stephen shi ne babban yariman Hungary na karshe tsakanin 997 zuwa 1000 ko 1001, kuma Sarkin Hungary na farko daga 1000 ko 1001, har zuwa rasuwarsa a shekara ta 1038. Shi kadai ne dan Grand Prince Géza. da matarsa, Sarolt, wanda ya fito daga wani fitaccen gidan gyula.Ko da yake iyayensa biyu sun yi baftisma, Istafanus ne na farko a iyalinsa da ya zama Kirista mai ibada.Ya auri Gisela na Bavaria, wani ƙwararren daular Ottonia.Bayan ya gaji mahaifinsa a shekara ta 997, Stephen ya yi yaƙi don neman karagar mulki da ɗan uwansa, Koppány, wanda ɗimbin mayaƙan arna ke samun goyon baya.Ya ci nasara kan Koppány tare da taimakon maƙaman ƙasashen waje da suka haɗa da Vecelin, Hont da Pázmány, da iyayengiji na asali.An nada shi sarauta a ranar 25 ga Disamba 1000 ko 1 ga Janairu 1001 tare da kambi da Paparoma Sylvester II ya aiko.A cikin jerin yaƙe-yaƙe da kabilu masu zaman kansu da sarakuna-ciki har da Black Hungarians da kawunsa, Gyula the Younger - ya haɗa Basin Carpathian.Ya kare 'yancin kai na mulkinsa ta hanyar tilastawa sojojin da suka mamaye Conrad II, Sarkin Roma Mai Tsarki, janyewa daga Hungary a shekara ta 1030.Stephen ya kafa aƙalla babban Bishop guda ɗaya, bishop-bishop shida da kuma gidajen ibada na Benedictine guda uku, wanda ya jagoranci Coci a Hungary don haɓaka ba tare da yancin kai daga manyan limaman Daular Roman Mai Tsarki ba.Ya ƙarfafa yaduwar Kiristanci ta wurin ƙulla azaba mai tsanani don yin watsi da al’adun Kiristanci.Tsarinsa na gudanar da mulki ya dogara ne akan gundumomi da aka tsara a kewayen sanduna da jami'an masarautar ke gudanarwa.Hungary ta sami zaman lafiya mai dorewa a lokacin mulkinsa, kuma ya zama hanyar da aka fi so ga mahajjata da 'yan kasuwa masu tafiya tsakanin Yammacin Turai, Kasa Mai Tsarki da Konstantinoful.

Stephen I, zuriyar Arpad, Paparoma ya amince da shi a matsayin Sarkin Hungary na farko na Kirista kuma ya nada sarkin Hungary na farko a Esztergom.Ya faɗaɗa ikon Hungarian akan kwandon Carpathian.Ya kuma ba da umarninsa na farko, yana ba da umarnin gina coci da kuma hana ayyukan arna.Kafa farkon abbey na Benedictine, Pannonhalma da na dioceses na Roman Katolika na farko.