Yakin 'Yancin Turkiyya

Yayin da Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya ya ƙare ga Daular Ottoman tare da Armistice na Mudros, Ƙungiyoyin Ƙarfafawa sun ci gaba da mamayewa da kuma kwace ƙasa don ƙirar daular.Don haka kwamandojin sojan Ottoman sun ki amincewa da umarnin kasashen kawance da gwamnatin Ottoman na mika wuya tare da wargaza sojojinsu.Wannan rikicin ya kai gaci a lokacin da sultan Mehmed VI ya aike da Mustafa Kemal Pasha (Atatürk), wani babban Janar mai daraja da daraja, zuwa yankin Anatoliya don maido da tsari;duk da haka, Mustafa Kemal ya zama mai ba da taimako kuma a ƙarshe ya jagoranci gwagwarmayar kishin ƙasa ta Turkiyya ga gwamnatin Ottoman, Ƙungiyoyin Ƙwaƙwalwa, da Kiristoci marasa rinjaye.A wani yunƙuri na tabbatar da ikon mallakar wutar lantarki a yankin Anatoliya, ƙawancen sun shawo kan Firayim Ministan Girka Eleftherios Venizelos da ya ƙaddamar da rundunar balaguro zuwa yankin Anatoliya tare da mamaye Smyrna (İzmir), wanda ya fara yaƙin 'yancin kai na Turkiyya .An kafa gwamnatin kishin kasa karkashin jagorancin Mustafa Kemal a Ankara lokacin da aka bayyana cewa gwamnatin Ottoman tana goyon bayan kasashen kawance.Ba da dadewa ba kasashen kawance sun matsa wa gwamnatin Ottoman da ke birnin Constantinople lamba kan dakatar da kundin tsarin mulkin kasar, da rufe majalisar dokoki, da kuma rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar Sèvres, yarjejeniyar da ba ta dace da muradun Turkiyya ba, wadda gwamnatin Ankara ta ayyana a matsayin haramtacce.A cikin yakin da ya biyo baya, mayakan da ba bisa ka'ida ba sun fatattaki sojojin Faransa a kudancin kasar, kuma ƙungiyoyin da ba a san su ba sun ci gaba da raba Armeniya tare da sojojin Bolshevik, wanda ya haifar da yarjejeniyar Kars (Oktoba 1921).Gaban Yamma na yakin neman 'yancin kai an san shi da yakin Greco-Turkish, inda sojojin Girka da farko suka fuskanci turjiya mara tsari.Duk da haka kungiyar İsmet Pasha ta mayakan sa kai cikin runduna ta yau da kullun ta sami sakamako lokacin da sojojin Ankara suka fafata da Girkawa a yakin farko da na biyu İnönü.Sojojin kasar Girka sun yi nasara a yakin Kütahya-Eskişehir inda suka yanke shawarar yin tuki a babban birnin Ankara na masu kishin kasa, tare da shimfida layin samar da kayayyaki.Turkawa sun duba ci gaban da suka samu a yakin Sakarya tare da kai musu farmaki a babban farmakin da suka kori sojojin Girka daga yankin Anatoliya cikin makonni uku.Yakin ya ƙare da kyau tare da sake kwato İzmir da Rikicin Chanak, wanda ya sa aka sanya hannu kan wani runduna a Mudanya.An amince da Majalisar Dokoki ta Ankara a matsayin halaltacciyar gwamnatin Turkiyya, wacce ta rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar Lausanne (Yuli 1923), yerjejeniyar da ta fi dacewa da Turkiyya fiye da yarjejeniyar Sèvres.Ƙungiyoyin ƙawance sun fice daga yankin Anatoliya da Gabashin Thrace, an hambarar da gwamnatin Ottoman tare da kawar da daular, kuma Majalisar Dokokin Turkiyya (wacce ta kasance babbar majalisar dokokin Turkiyya a yau) ta ayyana Jamhuriyar Turkiyya a ranar 29 ga Oktoba 1923. Tare da yakin, yawan jama'a. musanya tsakanin Girka da Turkiyya, da raba daular Usmaniyya, da kuma kawar da mulkin daular, zamanin Ottoman ya zo karshe, kuma tare da sauye-sauyen da Atatürk ya yi, Turkawa sun samar da kasar Turkiyya ta zamani mai zaman kanta.A ranar 3 ga Maris 1924, an kuma soke daular Usmaniyya.