An zabi Sarki Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki, dan Pole na asali, don maye gurbin John II Casimir a 1669. Yaƙin Poland-Ottoman (1672-76) ya barke a lokacin mulkinsa, wanda ya kasance har zuwa 1673, kuma ya ci gaba a ƙarƙashin magajinsa, John III Sobieski ( r. 1674-1696).Sobieski ya yi niyya don ci gaba da fadada yankin Baltic (kuma har zuwa wannan ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar sirri ta Jaworów tare da Faransa a 1675), amma an tilasta masa a maimakon yaƙar yaƙe-yaƙe da Daular Ottoman .Ta yin haka, a takaice Sobieski ya farfado da karfin soja na Commonwealth.Ya ci nasara kan musulmi da ke fadada yakin Khotyn a shekara ta 1673 kuma ya taimaka sosai wajen kubutar da Vienna daga harin da Turkiyya ta kai wa yakin Vienna a shekara ta 1683. Mulkin Sobieski ya kasance matsayi na karshe a tarihin Commonwealth: a rabin farko na 18th. karni, Poland ta daina kasancewa mai taka rawa a siyasar duniya.Yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya ta dindindin (1686) tare da Rasha ita ce sasantawa ta ƙarshe tsakanin ƙasashen biyu kafin ɓangarorin farko na Poland a 1772.Ƙasar Commonwealth, wadda ta fuskanci kusan yaƙi na yau da kullun har zuwa 1720, ta sami hasarar yawan jama'a da barna mai yawa ga tattalin arzikinta da tsarin zamantakewa.Gwamnati ta zama mara tasiri bayan manyan rikice-rikice na cikin gida, gurbacewar tsarin dokoki da kuma amfani da muradun kasashen waje.Basaraken ya fada ƙarƙashin ikon ƴan tsirarun iyalai masu girman kai tare da kafaffun yankuna.Yawan jama'ar birni da ababen more rayuwa sun lalace, tare da mafi yawan gonakin manoma, waɗanda mazaunansu ke fuskantar matsanancin halin ɗabi'a.Ci gaban kimiyya, al'adu da ilimi ya tsaya ko kuma ya koma baya.