Bayan kawo karshen mulkin Mamluk a Iraki, wani lokaci mai cike da sauye-sauye ya bayyana, wanda ya yi tasiri matuka a fagen siyasa, zamantakewa, da tattalin arzikin yankin.Wannan zamanin, wanda ya tashi daga farkon karni na 19 zuwa karni na 20, yana da nasaba da kokarin daular Ottoman , da bunkasar kishin kasa, da kuma shigar da kasashen turai suka yi, musamman a lokacin yakin duniya na daya .Ƙarshen mulkin Mamluk a shekara ta 1831, wanda daular Usmaniyya ta kafa don sake tabbatar da iko kai tsaye a kan Iraki, ya zama farkon sabon tsarin gudanarwa.Sarkin Daular Usmaniyya Mahmud na biyu, a kokarinsa na ganin an sabunta daular da karfafa mulki, ya kawar da tsarin Mamluk wanda ya shafe sama da karni daya gudanar da mulkin kasar Iraki cikin inganci.Wannan matakin wani bangare ne na sauye-sauye na Tanzimat, da nufin daidaita tsarin gudanarwa da kuma zamanantar da bangarori daban-daban na daular.A Iraki, wadannan sauye-sauyen sun hada da sake tsara tsarin larduna da bullo da sabbin tsare-tsare na shari'a da ilimi, da nufin hada yankin da sauran kasashen daular Usmaniyya.A tsakiyar karni na 19 ya ga bullar sabbin kalubale ga gwamnatin Ottoman a Iraki.Yankin ya sami sauye-sauye na zamantakewa da tattalin arziki, wani bangare saboda karuwar bukatun kasuwancin Turai.Garuruwa irin su Baghdad da Basra sun zama muhimman cibiyoyi na kasuwanci, inda kasashen turai suka kulla huldar kasuwanci da kuma tasirin tattalin arziki.Har ila yau, wannan lokacin ya shaida aikin gina layin dogo da na telegraph, wanda ya kara shigar da kasar Iraki cikin hanyoyin sadarwa na tattalin arzikin duniya.Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya ya fara a shekara ta 1914 ya kawo sauyi ga Iraqi.Daular Ottoman, bayan da ta shiga kasashen tsakiya, ta gano yankunanta na Iraki sun zama fagen fama tsakanin sojojin Ottoman da na Birtaniya.Birtaniya dai na da burin tabbatar da iko da yankin ne, a wani bangare saboda dabarun wurin da ya ke da kuma gano mai.Yaƙin Mesofotamiya, kamar yadda aka sani, ya ga manyan yaƙe-yaƙe, waɗanda suka haɗa da Siege na Kut (1915-1916) da Faɗuwar Bagadaza a 1917. Waɗannan haƙƙoƙin soja sun yi mummunan tasiri ga al'ummar yankin, wanda ya haifar da wahalhalu da asarar rayuka.