History of Poland

Dokar Martial da Ƙarshen Kwaminisanci
An aiwatar da dokar Martial a cikin Disamba 1981 ©Image Attribution forthcoming. Image belongs to the respective owner(s).
1981 Jan 1 - 1989

Dokar Martial da Ƙarshen Kwaminisanci

Poland
A ranar 12-13 ga Disamba 1981, gwamnatin kasar ta ayyana dokar ta-baci a kasar Poland, inda aka yi amfani da sojoji da 'yan sanda na musamman na ZOMO wajen murkushe hadin kai.Shugabannin Tarayyar Soviet sun nace cewa Jaruzelski ya kwantar da 'yan adawa tare da sojojin da ke hannunsa, ba tare da sa hannun Soviet ba.An kama ko an tsare kusan dukkan shugabannin kungiyar Solidarity da ’yan boko masu alaka da su.An kashe ma'aikata tara a yankin Pacific na Wujek.Amurka da sauran kasashen yammacin duniya sun mayar da martani ta hanyar kakabawa Poland da Tarayyar Soviet takunkumin tattalin arziki .An shawo kan tarzoma a kasar, amma ta ci gaba.Bayan samun wasu kamanni na kwanciyar hankali, gwamnatin Poland ta huta sannan ta soke dokar soja ta matakai da dama.A watan Disamba na 1982 an dakatar da dokar soja kuma an saki wasu ƙananan fursunonin siyasa, ciki har da Wałęsa.Kodayake dokar soja ta ƙare a hukumance a watan Yuli 1983 kuma an aiwatar da wani bangare na afuwa, ɗaruruwan fursunonin siyasa sun kasance a kurkuku.Jerzy Popiełuszko, sanannen limamin cocin hadin gwiwa, jami'an tsaro sun sace tare da kashe shi a watan Oktoban 1984.Ƙarin abubuwan da suka faru a Poland sun faru a lokaci guda tare da jagorancin masu neman sauyi na Mikhail Gorbachev a cikin Tarayyar Soviet (tsarin da aka sani da Glasnost da Perestroika).A watan Satumba na 1986, an ayyana afuwar gaba ɗaya kuma gwamnati ta saki kusan dukkan fursunonin siyasa.To sai dai kuma kasar ba ta da kwanciyar hankali, domin kokarin da gwamnatin ke yi na tsara al'umma tun daga sama har kasa ya ci tura, yayin da yunkurin 'yan adawa na samar da wata al'umma ta daban, shi ma bai yi nasara ba.Da matsalar tattalin arziki da ba a warware ta ba, kuma cibiyoyin al'umma sun lalace, duka masu mulki da 'yan adawa sun fara neman hanyoyin da za su fita daga kangin.Taimakawa ta hanyar tsaka mai wuya na Cocin Katolika, an kafa tuntuɓar bincike.Zanga-zangar dalibai ta sake komawa a watan Fabrairun 1988. Ci gaba da tabarbarewar tattalin arziki ya haifar da yajin aiki a fadin kasar a watan Afrilu, Mayu da Agusta.Tarayyar Soviet, da ta ƙara tabarbarewa, ba ta son yin amfani da sojoji ko wasu matsi don tayar da gwamnatocin ƙawance a cikin matsala.Gwamnatin Poland ta ji cewa dole ne ta yi shawarwari da 'yan adawa kuma a cikin watan Satumba na 1988 an fara tattaunawa ta farko da shugabannin kungiyar hadin kai a Magdalenka.Tarurruka da yawa da suka gudana sun haɗa da Wałęsa da Janar Kiszczak, da sauransu.Yarjejeniyar da ta dace da kuma cece-kuce a cikin jam’iyya ta kai ga gudanar da Tattaunawar Zagaye na hukuma a shekarar 1989, sannan zaben ‘yan majalisar dokokin Poland ya biyo baya a watan Yuni na waccan shekarar, lamarin da ke nuna faduwar gurguzu a Poland.
An sabunta ta ƙarsheSat Dec 31 2022

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