Kashi na Farko na Poland ya faru ne a cikin 1772 a matsayin farkon kashi uku wanda daga ƙarshe ya kawo ƙarshen wanzuwar Tarayyar Poland-Lithuania ta 1795. Girman iko a cikin Daular Rasha ya yi barazana ga Masarautar Prussia da masarautar Habsburg (Mulkin Galicia). da Lodomeria da Masarautar Hungary) kuma shine babban dalilin da ya haifar da Kashi na Farko.Frederick the Great, Sarkin Prussia, ya ƙera ɓangaren don hana Austria, wanda ke kishin nasarar Rasha a kan Daular Ottoman , daga zuwa yaƙi.An raba yankuna a Poland da maƙwabta masu ƙarfi (Austria, Rasha da Prussia) don maido da daidaiton ikon yanki a tsakiyar Turai tsakanin waɗannan ƙasashe uku.Tare da Poland ba za ta iya kare kanta da kyau ba kuma sojojin kasashen waje sun riga sun shiga cikin kasar, Sejm na Poland ya amince da bangare a cikin 1773 a lokacin Partition Sejm, wanda kasashe uku suka kira shi.