Masarautar Yahuda, daular Semitic a Kudancin Levant a lokacin Iron Age, tana da babban birninta a Urushalima, da ke cikin tsaunukan Yahudiya.^[45] Yahudawa suna da suna kuma sun fito ne daga wannan masarauta.^[46] A cewar Littafi Mai Tsarki na Ibrananci, Yahuda ita ce magaji ga Ƙasar Ingila ta Isra'ila, a ƙarƙashin sarakuna Saul, Dauda, ​​da Sulemanu.Koyaya, a cikin 1980s, wasu masana sun fara yin tambaya game da shaidar archaeological na irin wannan babban masarauta kafin ƙarshen karni na 8 KZ.^[47] A cikin ƙarni na 10 da farkon 9th KZ, Yahuda ba ta da yawan jama'a, wanda ya ƙunshi galibin ƙanana, ƙauyuka, da ƙauyuka marasa ƙarfi.^[48] ​​Binciken Tel Dan Stele a cikin 1993 ya tabbatar da wanzuwar masarautar a tsakiyar karni na 9 KZ, amma har yanzu ba a san iyakarsa ba.^[49] Binciken da aka yi a Khirbet Qeiyafa yana nuna kasancewar daular da ta fi birni da tsari ta karni na 10 KZ.^[47]A ƙarni na 7 K.Z., yawan mutanen Yahuda ya ƙaru sosai a ƙarƙashin mulkin Assuriyawa, ko da yake Hezekiya ya tayar wa Sarkin Assuriya Sennakerib.^[50] Josiah, yana amfani da damar da aka samu ta hanyar raguwar Assuriya da bayyanar Masar, ya kafa gyare-gyare na addini da ya dace da ƙa'idodin da ke cikin Kubawar Shari'a.Wannan lokacin kuma shine lokacin da wataƙila an rubuta tarihin Deuteronomistic, yana jaddada mahimmancin waɗannan ƙa'idodin.^[51] Faɗuwar Daular Neo-Assyrian a cikin 605 KZ ya haifar da gwagwarmayar iko tsakaninMasar da Daular Babila akan Levant, wanda ya haifar da raguwar Yahuda.A farkon ƙarni na 6 KZ, an rushe tawaye da yawa da Masarawa suka goyi bayan Babila.A shekara ta 587 K.Z., Nebuchadnezzar II ya ci Urushalima ya halaka shi kuma ya kawo ƙarshen Mulkin Yahuda.An kai Yahudawa da yawa zaman bauta zuwa Babila, kuma an haɗa yankin a matsayin lardin Babila.^[52]