A cikin shekarun da suka gabata bayan yakin Larabawa da Isra'ila a shekara ta 1948, iyakar Isra'ila da Lebanon ta kasance cikin kwanciyar hankali idan aka kwatanta da sauran iyakokin.Sai dai lamarin ya sauya bayan yarjejeniyar da aka cimma a birnin Alkahira a shekara ta 1969, wadda ta bai wa kungiyar 'yantar da Falasdinawa PLO damar gudanar da ayyukanta cikin 'yanci a Kudancin Lebanon, yankin da aka fi sani da "Fatahland."Kungiyar ta PLO, musamman babbar kungiyarta Fatah, ta sha kai hari kan Isra'ila daga wannan sansani, inda ta kai hari ga garuruwa kamar Kiryat Shmona.Wannan rashin iko a kan kungiyoyin Falasdinu ya kasance babban abin da ya haifar da yakin basasar Lebanon.Yunkurin kashe jakadan Isra'ila Shlomo Argov a watan Yunin 1982 ya zama hujja ga Isra'ila don mamaye Lebanon, da nufin korar PLO.Duk da cewa majalisar ministocin Isra'ila ta ba da izinin kutse kawai, ministan tsaro Ariel Sharon da babban hafsan hafsan hafsoshin kasar Raphael Eitan sun fadada aikin a cikin Lebanon, wanda ya kai ga mamaye Beirut - babban birnin Larabawa na farko da Isra'ila ta mamaye.Da farko dai wasu kungiyoyin Shi'a da na Kirista a Kudancin Lebanon sun yi maraba da Isra'ilawa, bayan da kungiyar ta PLO ke cin zarafi.To sai dai kuma a tsawon lokaci, bacin ran da Isra'ila ta yi wa mamayar Isra'ila ya karu, musamman a tsakanin al'ummar Shi'a, wadanda sannu a hankali suka koma karkashin ikon Iran .^[212]A watan Agustan 1982, PLO ta kaura daga Lebanon, ta koma Tunisia.Ba da dadewa ba, an kashe Bashir Gemayel, sabon zababben shugaban kasar Lebanon wanda rahotanni suka ce ya amince da amincewa da Isra'ila tare da sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya.Bayan mutuwarsa, sojojin Kirista na Falangist sun yi kisan kiyashi a sansanonin 'yan gudun hijirar Falasdinu biyu.Wannan ya haifar da gagarumar zanga-zanga a Isra'ila, inda mutane kusan 400,000 suka yi zanga-zangar adawa da yakin Tel Aviv.A shekara ta 1983, wani bincike da jama'ar Isra'ila suka gudanar ya gano Ariel Sharon a fakaice amma da kansa ke da alhakin kisan kiyashin, inda ya ba da shawarar cewa kada ya sake rike mukamin ministan tsaro, duk da cewa hakan bai hana shi zama Firayim Minista ba.^[213]Yarjejeniyar 17 ga Mayu a shekarar 1983 tsakanin Isra'ila da Lebanon wani mataki ne na janyewar Isra'ila, wanda ya faru a matakai har zuwa 1985. Isra'ila ta ci gaba da yaki da PLO kuma ta ci gaba da kasancewa a kudancin Lebanon, tare da goyon bayan sojojin kudancin Lebanon har zuwa watan Mayu 2000.