A shekara ta 64 K.Z., Janar Pompey na Romawa ya ci Siriya kuma ya shiga yaƙin basasa na Hasmon a Urushalima, ya maido da Hyrcanus na II a matsayin Babban Firist kuma ya mai da Yahudiya ta zama masarautar Romawa.A lokacin da aka kewaye birnin Iskandariya a shekara ta 47 K.Z., sojojin Yahudawa 3,000 da Hyrcanus II ya aika kuma Antipater ya ba wa Julius Kaisar da abokinsa Cleopatra ceto ran Julius Kaisar, ya zama sarkin Yahudiya.^[95] Daga 37 KZ zuwa 6 AZ, daular Herodiya, sarakunan abokin ciniki na Yahudawa-Romawa na asalin Edom, sun fito ne daga Antipater, suna mulkin Yahudiya.Hirudus Mai Girma ya faɗaɗa haikalin sosai (duba Haikalin Hirudus), yana mai da shi ɗaya daga cikin manyan gine-ginen addini a duniya.A wannan lokacin, Yahudawa sun kasance kusan kashi 10% na al'ummar Daular Rum, tare da manyan al'ummomi a Arewacin Afirka da Larabawa.^[96]Augustus ya mai da Yahudiya lardin Roma a shekara ta 6, ya kori sarkin Yahudawa na ƙarshe, Hirudus Archelaus, kuma ya naɗa gwamnan Roma.An yi ƙaramin tawaye a kan harajin Romawa da Yahuda na Galili ya jagoranta kuma a cikin shekaru da yawa masu zuwa rikici ya karu tsakanin mutanen Greco-Romawa da Yahudiya a kan ƙoƙarin sanya hoton sarki Caligula a cikin majami'u da kuma cikin haikalin Yahudawa.^[97] A cikin 64 CE, Babban Firist na Haikali Joshua ben Gamla ya gabatar da bukatu na addini ga yara maza Yahudawa su koyi karatu tun suna shekara shida.A cikin ƴan shekaru ɗari masu zuwa wannan buƙatu ta ƙara samun gindin zama a al'adar Yahudawa.^[98] Sashe na ƙarshe na lokacin Haikali na Biyu yana da alamar tashin hankali na zamantakewa da hargitsi na addini, kuma tsammanin Almasihu ya cika yanayi.^[99]