Harald Hardrada

An haifi Harald a Ringerike, Norway a cikin 1015 zuwa Åsta Gudbrandsdatter da mijinta na biyu Sigurd Syr.Sigurd ɗan ƙaramin sarki ne na Ringerike, kuma a cikin manyan sarakuna da arziƙi a cikin Uplands.Ta wurin mahaifiyarsa Åsta, Harald shine ƙarami na Sarki Olaf II na Norway / Olaf Haraldsson's (daga baya Saint Olaf) 'yan'uwa uku.A cikin ƙuruciyarsa, Harald ya nuna halayen ɗan tawaye na yau da kullun tare da babban buri, kuma yana sha'awar Olaf a matsayin abin koyi.Don haka ya bambanta da yayyensa biyu, waɗanda suka fi kama da mahaifinsu, ƙasa da ƙasa kuma galibi sun damu da kula da gonar.

Bayan tawayen da aka yi a shekara ta 1028, an tilasta wa ɗan’uwan Harald Olaf gudun hijira har sai da ya koma Norway a farkon shekara ta 1030. Da jin labarin dawowar Olaf, Harald ya tara mutane 600 daga Upland don ya gana da Olaf da mutanensa a lokacin da suka isa gabashin ƙasar. Norway.Bayan maraba da abokantaka, Olaf ya ci gaba da tattara sojoji kuma daga karshe ya yi yakin Stiklestad a ranar 29 ga Yuli 1030, inda Harald ya shiga bangaren dan uwansa.Yakin yana cikin wani yunƙuri na maido da Olaf kan karagar Norway, wanda sarkin Danish Cnut the Great (Canute) ya kama.Yaƙin ya haifar da shan kashi ga ’yan’uwa a hannun ’yan Norway da suka kasance da aminci ga Cnut, kuma an kashe Olaf yayin da Harald ya ji rauni sosai.Harald duk da haka an bayyana cewa ya nuna hazaka na soja a lokacin yakin.

Bayan shan kaye a yakin Stiklestad, Harald ya sami nasarar tserewa tare da taimakon Rögnvald Brusason (daga baya Earl na Orkney) zuwa wata gona mai nisa a Gabashin Norway.Ya zauna a can na ɗan lokaci don ya warkar da raunukansa, kuma daga baya (wataƙila har zuwa wata ɗaya) ya yi tafiya zuwa arewa bisa tsaunuka zuwa Sweden.Shekara guda bayan Yaƙin Stiklestad, Harald ya isa Kievan Rus ' (ana nufin a cikin sagas kamar Garɗaríki ko Svíþjóð hin mikla).Wataƙila ya shafe aƙalla lokacinsa a garin Staraya Ladoga (Aldeigjuborg), ya isa can a farkon rabin shekara ta 1031. Grand Prince Yaroslav the Wise ya marabce Harald da mutanensa, wanda matarsa ​​Ingegerd dangi ne na nesa na Harald. .Mummunan buƙatar shugabannin soja, Yaroslav ya gane ƙarfin soja a Harald kuma ya sanya shi kyaftin na sojojinsa.Ɗan’uwan Harald Olaf Haraldsson a baya yana gudun hijira zuwa Yaroslav bayan tawaye a shekara ta 1028, kuma Morkinskinna ya ce Yaroslav ya rungumi Harald da farko domin shi ɗan’uwan Olaf ne.Harald ya shiga yakin Yaroslav a kan Poles a cikin 1031, kuma mai yiwuwa kuma ya yi yaƙi da sauran 1030s na Kievan abokan gaba da abokan hamayya irin su Chudes a Estonia, Rumawa , da Pechenegs da sauran mutanen da ba su da yawa.

Bayan 'yan shekaru a Kievan Rus ', Harald da sojojinsa na kusan 500 maza sun koma kudu zuwa Constantinople (Miklagard), babban birnin daular Gabashin Roman Empire inda suka shiga cikin Varangian Guard.Yayin da Varangian Guard ya kasance da farko yana nufin yin aiki a matsayin mai tsaron sarki, Harald an same shi yana fada a "kusan kowane yanki" na daular.Da farko ya ga an dauki mataki a yakin da ake yi da ‘yan fashin teku na Larabawa a tekun Bahar Rum, sannan a wasu garuruwan da ke cikin yankin Asiya Ƙarama/Anatoliya da ke tallafa wa ‘yan fashin.A wannan lokacin, a cewar Snorri Sturluson ya zama "shugaban duk Varangians".

A cikin 1038, Harald ya shiga cikin Rumawa a cikin balaguron da suka yi zuwa Sicily, a cikin yunkurin George Maniakes (sagas' "Gyrge") don sake mamaye tsibirin daga Saracen Musulmi, wanda ya kafa Masarautar Sicily a tsibirin.A lokacin yakin, Harald ya yi yaƙi tare da sojojin Norman kamar William Iron Arm.

A cikin 1041, lokacin da sojojin Rumawa na Rumawa zuwa Sicily ya ƙare, tawayen Lombard-Norman ya barke a kudancin Italiya, kuma Harald ya jagoranci Varangian Guard a cikin yaƙe-yaƙe.Harald ya yi yaƙi da Catepan na Italiya, Michael Dokeianos tare da nasarar farko, amma Normans , wanda tsohon abokinsu William Iron Arm ya jagoranci, ya ci nasara da Rumawa a yakin Olivento a watan Maris, da kuma yakin Montemaggiore a watan Mayu.

Bayan shan kashi, Harald da Varangian Guard an sake kiran su zuwa Constantinople, bayan da Maniakes ya ɗaure da sarki da kuma farkon wasu batutuwa masu mahimmanci.Bayan haka an aika Harald da Varangians don su yi yaƙi a yankin kudu maso gabashin Turai kamar yankin Balkan a Bulgeriya, inda suka isa a ƙarshen 1041. A can, ya yi yaƙi a cikin sojojin Emperor Michael IV a Yaƙin Ostrovo na yakin 1041 a kan 1041. Tashin hankalin Bulgaria karkashin jagorancin Peter Delyan, wanda daga baya ya sami Harald laƙabi da "Bulgar-burner" (Bolgara brennir) ta skald.

Ni'imar Harald a kotun daular ta ragu da sauri bayan mutuwar Michael IV a watan Disamba 1041, wanda ya biyo bayan rikice-rikice tsakanin sabon sarki Michael V da mai girma sarki Zoe.A lokacin tashin hankalin, an kama Harald kuma aka daure shi, amma majiyoyin sun ki yarda da dalili.Kazalika majiyoyin sun yi rashin jituwa kan yadda Harald ya fita daga gidan yari, amma mai yiwuwa wani a waje ya taimaka masa ya tsere a tsakiyar tawayen da aka fara wa sabon sarki.

Harthacnut, Sarkin Ingila ya mutu.Ko da yake Harthacnut ya yi alkawarin sarautar Ingila ga ɗan'uwan Harald Magnus, Edward the Confessor, ɗan Aethelred the Unready, ya zama Sarki.

Bayan da aka mayar da Zoe kan karaga a watan Yuni 1042 tare da Constantine IX, Harald ya nemi a ba shi izinin komawa Norway.Ko da yake Zoe ya ki yarda da hakan, Harald ya yi nasarar tserewa zuwa cikin Bosphorus tare da jiragen ruwa biyu da wasu mabiyan aminci.A lokacin zamansa na biyu a can, ya auri Elisabeth (wanda ake magana a kai a cikin Scandinavia kafofin kamar Ellisif), 'yar Yaroslav mai hikima kuma jikanyar Sarkin Sweden Olof Skötkonung.

Lokacin da ya koma Norway, Hardrada ya cimma yarjejeniya da Magnus I cewa za su raba mulkin Norway.A 1047, Sarki Magnus ya mutu kuma Harald ya zama mai mulkin Norway.

Harald kuma ya so ya sake kafa mulkin Magnus akan Denmark.Kamar yakin neman zabensa (sannan tare da Sweyn) kan mulkin Magnus a Denmark, mafi yawan yakin da ya yi kan Sweyn ya kunshi hare-haren gaggawa da tashin hankali a gabar tekun Danish.Duk da cewa Harald ya yi nasara a yawancin ayyukan, bai taba samun nasarar mamaye Denmark ba.

Da yake Harald bai iya cin nasara a Denmark ba duk da hare-haren da ya kai, yana so ya ci nasara mai mahimmanci akan Sweyn.A ƙarshe ya tashi daga Norway tare da manyan sojoji da kuma ayarin jiragen ruwa kusan 300.Sweyn kuma ya shirya don yaƙin, wanda aka ba da lokaci da wuri.Sweyn, bai bayyana a lokacin da aka amince da shi ba, kuma Harald ya aika da sojojin da ba ƙwararru ba (bóndaherrin), waɗanda suka kasance rabin sojojinsa.Lokacin da jiragen ruwa da aka kora ba su isa ba, a ƙarshe jirgin Sweyn ya bayyana, mai yiwuwa kuma tare da jiragen ruwa 300.Yaƙin ya haifar da zubar da jini mai yawa yayin da Harald ya ci Danes (jikunan Danish 70 an ruwaito sun bar "ba komai"), amma yawancin jiragen ruwa da maza sun sami nasarar tserewa, ciki har da Sweyn.A lokacin yakin, Harald ya yi harbi da bakansa, kamar sauran mutane a farkon yakin.

Harald ya yi ikirarin sarautar Ingila kuma ya yanke shawarar mamaye Ingila.A cikin Maris ko Afrilu 1066, Harald ya fara hada rundunarsa a Solund, a cikin Sognefjord, tsarin da aka kammala a farkon Satumba 1066;ya haɗa da tutarsa, Ormen, ko "Macijin".

Harald Hardrada da Tostig Godwinson sun mamaye arewacin Ingila inda suka kawo kusan 10 – 15,000 maza, a kan 240 – 300 doguwar tafiya.Ya sadu da Tostig da jiragensa 12 a Tynemouth.Bayan tashi daga Tynemouth, Harald da Tostig tabbas sun sauka a Kogin Tees.Daga nan sai suka shiga Cleveland, kuma suka fara kwace bakin teku.Sun bi ta bakin tekun Humber kuma suka haura Kogin Ouse suna sauka a Riccall.

Ba da daɗewa ba labarin mamayewa ya isa ga kunnuwan Morcar na Northumbria da Edwin na Mercia, kuma sun yi yaƙi da sojojin Harald na mamaya mil biyu (kilomita 3) kudu da York a yakin Fulford a ranar 20 ga Satumba.Yaƙin ya kasance babbar nasara ga Harald da Tostig, kuma ya jagoranci York don mika wuya ga sojojinsu a ranar 24 ga Satumba.

Harald da Tostig sun bar wurin sauka a Riccall tare da yawancin sojojinsu, amma sun bar kashi uku na sojojinsu a baya.Sun kawo sulke masu haske kawai, kamar yadda suke tsammanin haduwa da mutanen York kawai.Ko da yake (bisa ga majiyoyin da ba saga ba) sojojin Ingila sun kasance a kan gada na dan lokaci ta hanyar wani babban dan Norway guda ɗaya, wanda ya ba da damar Harald da Tostig su sake haɗuwa a cikin tsarin garkuwar garkuwa, sojojin Harald sun kasance a karshe an doke su.An bugi Harald a cikin makogwaro da kibiya kuma aka kashe shi a farkon yakin a cikin yanayin berserkergang, bai sa kayan yaki na jiki ba kuma ya yi yaki da hannu biyu a kan takobinsa.